Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'État de santé produit'
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Vanson, Gautier. "Contribution à l’économie circulaire : Approche d’aide à la décision pour la régénération d’un produit en fonction de son état de santé et du contexte." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0144.
Full textThe circular economy is one of the ways of dealing with various environmental, economic and societal issues. A global vision is therefore essential to consider all stakeholders and their interactions, so that the industrialization of such an economy is possible. We therefore propose to extend the concept of regeneration to consider all circular strategies (called regenerators) that enable value to be recovered for a product at the end of its life cycle. However, the literature does not analyze all possible regeneration trajectories in their entirety, and therefore does not characterize regenerators in a generic way. Thus, our work proposes a formalization based on product health state to characterize all regenerators in an ecosystem, which will enable us to determine which regenerators are able to regenerate a product at end-of-life. To consider the context when choosing a regenerator, several indicators are identified. Some of these need to be estimated, as they are dependent on the product's health state, and on the realization of regeneration, which may be uncertain. Thus, thanks to product's health state/regenerator modeling and Monte-Carlo simulation, these indicators are estimated and the whole set is finally used in a multi-criteria decision support tool (AHP) to rank possible regenerators and help decision-makers to choose the best regeneration trajectory for the end-of-life product. The results obtained show that the various proposals contribute to the implementation of the circular economy and to increasing knowledge for its industrialization
Chouinard, Marc. "Modélisation et conception de boucles d'approvisionnement : contexte multi-produit, multi-état et multi-alternative de traitement. Application à un service dans le domaine de la santé." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24574/24574.pdf.
Full textThis thesis proposes a generic methodology for designing logistics networks integrating reverse logistics into a current supply chain. Such networks involve the recovery of unused products from the end-users, and their processing and redistribution toward new users. According to their state, recovered products may be repaired, disassembled for the recovery of parts and disposed. Reusable products resulting from processing are indicated as valorised products. They represent an economical supply source, which meets a lower quality standard compared to new products. The methodology aims at supporting decisions on location and definition of mission of business units. They relate to the reverse logistics portion of a network, particularly as regards recovery and processing centres as well as warehouses for valorised products, while considering the current operating context of a supply chain. Decisions also tackle the strategic proportion of products to be directed toward processing alternatives according to the product recovery possibilities and network conditions, which relate to the recovery and demand volumes with respect to the capacity constraints and operating costs. The network is evaluated in a stochastic environment with regard to the demand, recovery and processing volumes, according to recovered product states. Modeling approaches are proposed to define key parameters for the related mathematical programming model. A heuristics based on the Sample Average Approximation (SAA) method, involving the Monte Carlo sampling methods, is proposed to solve the stochastic model. The methodology is validated with the wheelchair allocation, maintenance, recovery, processing and redistribution context in the Province of Quebec, Canada, governed and managed by the Quebec Health Insurance Board (Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec - RAMQ).
Vignon, Gwenaëlle. "Le yaourt, aliment de santé : biologie, technique, nutrition, thérapeutique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR1M023.
Full textEngel, Gerhardt Tatiana. "Anthropologie et santé publique : approche interdisciplinaire : pauvreté, situations de vie et santé au quotidien à Paranagua, Parana, Brésil." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21805.
Full textOusseine, Youssoufa mlaraha. "Littératie en santé, inégalités d'information et état de santé des personnes atteintes de cancer." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0692.
Full textHealth Literacy (HL) refers to the knowledge, motivation, and skills to access, understand, evaluate, and apply information in the health field. It is a major determinant of health that is frequently considered as a mechanism of the social inequities of health. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the association between HL, information inequities and the health status of people with cancer. However, given the lack of HL measuring instruments in France, we started with the psychometric validation of measurement tools.Our empirical work is based on analyzes of three surveys.These analyses allowed having valid French version of subjective scales measuring HL, numeracy and shared decision-making process. Our analyzes have shown that a limited level of HL is associated with less involvement in the shared decision process, more information seeking and impaired mental and physical health status. In addition, patients with limited level of HL consulted more often the general practitioner and the social worker. Considering the patients’ HL level during all the course of their care seems mandatory. This would allow information to be tailored to patients’ HL level, to reduce information inequities and increase patient participation in decision-making. In addition, this would also allow health professionals to propose special care for people with low levels of HL to improve their health and quality of life
Ferry-Isselin, Monique. "Nutrition, micronutriments antioxydants et état de santé d'une population vieillissante." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE18005.
Full textRochon, Madeleine. "Vieillissement démographique, état de santé et financement des dépenses publiques de santé et de services sociaux." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/NQ33077.pdf.
Full textViale-Garrone, Audrey. "Période de la ménopause, état de santé orale et facteurs systémiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5028/document.
Full textIn a cross-sectional study of 202 postmenopausal and premenopausal women,the objectives of this study are to demonstrate a link between menopause and altered state of oral health.To evaluate the action of HRT on dental disease and finally on the tooth mortality. To assess and clarify the relationship between oral health and various general diseases and links between psyche and soma in postmenopausal women.Also discussed was the influence of bisphosphonates on the state of periodontal health.Finally,it was decided to place the study links oral menopausal status in a social and anthropological perspective.It appears then that menopause results in an altered state of oral health,(p = 0.003).HRT has a beneficial effect on the periodontal disease.The biological effects of diabetes are related to dental mortality (p = 0.050). This study emphasize the influence "per se" a bad oral health status for coronary artery disease (OR = 1.214).In postmenopausal women, stressful events, dry mouth, joint and bone diseases, hormonal deficiency are factors variously related dental mortality during this period. Moreover, it was found that women who have recently been treated for breast cancer developed more dental caries (p = 0.031 OR = 2.161).The study related the effects of bisphosphonates on the alteration of periodontal (p = 0.011), despite taking HRT (p = 0.020).In addition,background socio-economic favored contribute to the medicalization of physiological phenomenon. The fact of living alone would affect the loss of dental organs (p = 0.035). Finally, the regular practice of a sport improve the state of oral health (p = 0.036)
Kenny, Sandra. "Environnement organisationnel, stress et état de santé des cadres supérieurs de la fonction publique du Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23952.
Full textHoufflain, Rochefort Magali. "Les interventions du législateur en matière de responsabilité de la puissance publique dans le domaine de la santé." Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020068.
Full textBoivin, Jérôme. "« État protecteur - État promoteur » La campagne antivénérienne dans le Québec de l'entre-deux-guerres." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25240/25240.pdf.
Full textBourbonnais, Valérie. "La santé des aînés francophones en situation linguistique minoritaire: État des lieux en Ontario." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27505.
Full textLafitte, Pierre. "Conditions de vie et état de santé des agriculteurs âgés en Gironde : Paquid 1989." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25255.
Full textPhlippoteau, Vincent. "Outils et Méthodes pour le diagnostic d’un état de santé d’une pile à combustible." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT013H/document.
Full textA fuel cell system transforms the fuel energy into electricity and heat with electrochemical reaction. There are many kinds of fuel cells and we study here the Proton Exchange Fuelcell (PEMFC), which operates between 50°C and 100°C. At the moment, main issues are fuel cells’ life time and its management. Multiple problems can occur such as drying or flooding due to water management, poisoning with impurities in gas, internal deterioration, etc. The objective of this thesis is to define and carry out experimental and analysing methods to characterize these problems. These experimental methods use electrical perturbation and measurements of their effects. Impedance Spectroscopy is part of these methods, but is greatly improved for instable system (patent). We used two types of tests: low amplitude signal, which can be performed during normal operation of the fuel cell, and large amplitude signal which have a strong impact on the fuel cell response. These tests are complementary and are able to evaluate the state of health of the fuel cell. The analysing process of these measurements is ameliorated, in order to improve the uniqueness of the results. At the end, some problems are generated (drying, flooding, etc) and these methods are performed to follow the variation of performance and determine which parameter is involved with the deterioration
Blanchette, Vincent. "L'inclusion scolaire en éducation physique et à la santé au primaire : "un état des lieux"." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2008. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1778/1/030033888.pdf.
Full textEymeoud, Camille. "La coopération entre les établissements publics et privés de santé : état des lieux et démarche prospective." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0200.
Full textThe cooperation of recent legislative reforms has been preferred to other restructuring tools. However, in the early 2000s, it appears that cooperation between public and private health facilities is not really satisfactory. With the law of health a break is made. This law, in addition to making changes to the sanitary cooperation grouping tool allows the creation of a new tool: the territorial hospital grouping. All public health establishments must, except in exceptional cases, be members of a regional hospital group. One thinks "course" and "shared medical project" at the scale of a territory of health. However, in practice it became clear that the territorial hospital grouping was not yet a fully convincing tool. It was then necessary to adopt a forward-looking approach and make proposals for changes so that cooperation between health care institutions could truly be considered as a major lever for a more efficient health system
Singery-Bensaid, Joe͏̈lle. "Changements sans rupture : analyse de l"état transitoire" d'une représentation sociale : l'exemple des mutuelles de santé." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10008.
Full textThe social representation of mutual health insurance companies, constructed by its subscribers, is an evolving cognitive structure which goes through two stages, each indivative of underlying changes : - an autonomous type of representation, found in "older" subscribers who are members of traditional mutual companies, - a non-autonomous type of representation, found in "today's" subscribers of modern, geographically or professionally oriented companies. This representation is called the "transitory state". The transition from one state to the other occurs without breaks. Active solidarity schemas are gradually becoming obsolete due to the failure to activate them in current practices, as reflected by the lack of a representation in "young", real or potential mutualists
Mazari, Linda. "Relation entre réponse immunitaire et état nutritionnel chez les sujets âgés en bonne santé ou dénutris." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066557.
Full textDiallo, Fatoumata Binta. "État de santé des enfants de la naissance à neuf mois et type d'allaitement à Conakry (Guinée)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3872.
Full textEdwards-Pougnet, Nadège. "La fatigue au travail : état multifactoriel, ressenti singulier." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0443.
Full textThis work falls within part of the ergological approach, looking for the production of knowledge for action. The issue is here to contribute in a global vision of the theme of fatigue at work, in its different dimensions and temporalities. If the fatigue at work reaches all the dimensions of the individual is that they are interrelated and also react with the environment. This theme of the relationship between the individual / environment and the production of meaning through this confrontation has been the subject of several approaches, of which we have detailed those of the philosophers Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Georges Canguilhem and Yves Schwartz, and the neuro-scientist Antonio Damasio.The analysis of the situations described makes it possible to highlight factors related to fatigue at work, as well as interactions between them. These interactions may play a role in increasing or compensating for fatigue at work, the effects of which vary according to the context of the activity, the operators and the work group. These mechanisms are described in a summary table of the dynamics between the different types of fatigue at work, taking place in the body-self (concept developed by Yves Schwartz) of the individual, and from which two hypotheses will result 1) the feeling of fatigue modifies the body-self over the short and long term; 2) the body-self, from the feeling of fatigue, develops it-self by acquiring skills of self-preservation and self-sparing
Delaille, Arnaud. "Développement de méthodes d'évaluation de l'état de charge et de l'état de santé des batteries utilisées dans les systèmes photovoltaïques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066251.
Full textThe energy-storage is of major importance in stand alone photovoltaic (PV) systems, to adapt the energy need to its furniture. For that, the lead-acid battery (LAB) is the most often used technology because of its low investment cost, robustness, and maturity. However, its low service life compared with that of the other components of PV systems, and consequently its high life-cycle cost, makes the LAB a critical point of these systems. The evaluation of the state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) of LABs appears then as a necessary step to increase their lifespan with an improved management, and finally to reduce the energy-storage cost. Unfortunately, this evaluation is an ambitious task with regard to the complexity of LABs. Three approaches are presented and discussed in this manuscript. The first one is based on the development of a novel ampere-hour algorithm. The second one consists in the measurement of impedance parameters, especially at high frequencies. Finally, the third one consists in the study of a phenomenon proper to LABs and known in the literature as the “coup de fouet”
Wang, Yuqi. "Suivi de l’état de santé des réseaux de distribution de chaleur." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I016.
Full textCompanies managing district heat networks, provide energy services to customers. Faced with rising energy costs and increasingly stringent regulatory and societal pressures, these energy service companies are seeking to control the system energy efficiency, aiming at improving their competitiveness and social image. In this context, the industrial needs to monitor the energy efficiency of the energy distribution system and its health state, in order to perform maintenance operations in case of problems. Due to the large amount of data and the desired short reaction time, it is necessary to develop methods to support the operator in the health state monitoring and in the maintenance decision-making process. These methods aim at providing appropriate health indicators of system's components, whose evolutions are easy to be interpreted by operators. Behavioral models of heat networks are used on the one hand to generate these indicators, and on the other hand to establish the links between component faults and their impacts on energy efficiency of the network. These links are analyzed to search for monitorable subsystems, i.e. to verify whether the faults to be monitored are structurally detectable, and to guide the indicators generation. Static models are retained for their genericity, simplicity of development, of calculation and of interpretation. Indicators generated using static models must be calculated when the system is operating in steady state. For this reason, we propose a method to determine the steady state time-windows. The computed indicators are then analyzed to give to the operator an information on the system's health state. Structural analysis shows that an indicator can be sensitive to different faults, and that a fault can influence the values of several indicators. The evolutions of these indicators can therefore be correlated. In order to use the information of the correlation between the indicators to isolate the fault,indicators values are analyzed in the space of indicators. We propose a dynamic clustering method to help the operator to monitor the health state of the network.The proposed approach is applied on a heat network plant managed by Veolia, the industrial partner of this thesis, using the data recorded during two months. The results show the efficiency of the proposed tools and methods
Millet, Antoine. "Caractérisation de la perception d’un produit hybride intégrant des composantes issues d’univers produits contradictoires en conception : application aux produits sport-santé." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0249.
Full textThe aim of our research is to propose a method to characterize the perception of a so-called sport-health hybrid product.Indeed, the user experience associated with a product has become, nowadays, a major differentiator among the competition and can greatly influence the success of a product. Users / consumers are no longer just looking for a functional product, but also a product that is easy to use and that gives them satisfaction throughout its use. This last aspect, user satisfaction, has become an important industrial issue. The aim is to provide the best possible user experience and thereby improve the chances of the product being successful. It depends in particular on how the product is perceived.However, in some cases, designing the way a product is viewed can be complex. This is particularly the case with hybrid products that combine characteristics from different product areas. The company SC-Ergomedical experienced this difficulty by noting that the hybrid sports-health products developed were not fully understood. Indeed, they were perceived either as sports products or as health products, but never together. It is clear that this makes them less accepted by users / consumers. This perception gap results both from the dialogical nature of the product universes of sport and health and that the perception of such products depends on their contexts of contrary uses but also on a missing semantics reflecting the identity of the sport-health hybrid product.In order to reduce this perception gap and improve the understanding of hybrid sport-health products, we propose in this thesis a methodology based on the Affective Engineering approach. The results observed then make it possible to build a design space to characterize the perception of a sport-health product. Indeed, the first two experiments carried out made it possible to define a sport-health semantics as well as the influence of contexts of contrary use which conditions the perception of these products. The third allowed us to characterize the attribute space of sport-health products and link it to the predefined semantic space. All three experiments led us to the creation of the design space characterizing the perception of a sport-health product.This design space provides a guide for designers to develop hybrid sport-health products and reduce the perceived gap. Indeed, via this space, it is then possible to recommend attributes produced from a sport-health semantics in a context of use of sport and / or health, to evaluate the sport-health values of a solution or a final product or to explore combinations of sport-health product attributes and visualize the resulting values.These different possibilities can be used in a design assistance tool for hybrid products like the one we propose in this manuscript specific to the design of hybrid sport-health products
Moreau, Philippe. "La sécurité sanitaire et l'ordre public." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010290.
Full textAgis-Garcin, Aude. "Impact sanitaire de la pollution de l' air : état des connaissances, proposition d' objectifs et d' indicateurs de suivi." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P223.
Full textBrimo, Sara. "L'Etat et la protection de la santé des travailleurs." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020080.
Full textSalazar-Canton, Jorge. "Le changement dans les hôpitaux mexicains : proposition d'un modèle intégral d'intervention : à partir du cas de l'Hospital de la Amistad, dans l'état du Yucatan, Mexique." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2007.
Full textThe present research was motivated by a personel interest in understanding why most of the Mexican health organizations, particulary in Yucatán, do not have a clear way to deal with change. This research has been done in the objective of improving the current situation in which the organizations refuse to change or at least react with important delays. Il this work we identify the elements that prevent or stimulate organizational learning susceptible to produce a better performance. On the other hand, we propose recommendations and suggestions, as outputs of a deep case study. In this work, innovative research techniques (as far as our scientific environment is concerned), as well as consultancy, were used in order to implement grounded research in our referring organization. It is expected that our outcomes generate future research that could corroborate and set up a new model of intervention that makes change processes easier in hospitals
El presente trabajo de investigación fue motivado como consecuencia del interés personal de tratar de entender por qué muchas de las organizaciones mexicanas, particularmente yucatecas, del sector salud ne tienen claro un camino que les conduzca hacia el cambio. Todo esto con la intención de mejorar la situación que actualmente, en la percepción del autor, prevalece, en la cual las organizaciones se resisten a cambiar y si lo hacen es tardíamente. En este trabajo se intenta por une parte reflexionar, descubrir y analizar, cuáles son esos elementos que impiden i impulsan los aprendizajes que permitirían lograr mejores condiciones de desemeño de las organizaciones y, por la otra, proponer recomendaciones y sugerencias, producto de haber estudiado un case a profundidad. Para realizar este esfuerzo se emplearon técnicas de investigación novedosas en el medio, asícomo nuevas formas de intervenir en las organizaciones de salud mediante la consultoría. Se espara que los resultados sean motivo de futuras investigaciones que permitan establecer y corroborar lo que podria ser un modele de intervención que facilite el cambio en las organizaciones hospitalarias
Vuillermoz, Cécile. "Conditions de vie, état de santé et recours aux soins des femmes sans logement personnel hébergées en Ile-de-France." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066108/document.
Full textSocial sciences and public health research conducted mainly in North America, since the 1980s, have shown that homelessness has a significant impact on health, physical conditions and psychological health of families without housing. In France, quantitative studies on homeless women were scarce until the realization of the ENFAMS survey in Paris region in 2013.Based on data from this survey, we showed that, although younger than women in the general population, the health of homeless women is worse, especially with regards to their mental health and nutritional status. Despite their poor health, homeless women have less access to health care than women in the general population. Our research has highlighted the importance of gynecological follow-up in accessing women's cancer screening since the proportion of women who were screened for cervical cancer was twice as high among women with follow-up than among women without follow-up. We have also shown that in the French context of universal health coverage and numerous social safety nets, we do not find the classic associations between unmet health care needs and financial resources or health insurance status.Primary care professionals need to rely on windows of opportunity provided by each of their contact with health care services to make them benefit from cancer screening. Strategies to improve the access to health care of these women must not only aim to remove financial barriers
Marin, Fromont Sophie. "Risques d'utilisation des pigments employés par les artistes peintres." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P008.
Full textHébert, Maude. "Processus de transition des perceptions de l’état de santé de femmes atteintes d’un cancer du sein." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8166.
Full textAbstract : This study aims to propose a theoretical model of the transition process perceptions of health status of women diagnosed with breast cancer in a nursing perspective. Although the experience of living with a diagnosis of breast cancer has been an increasing number of studies over the past two decades, it still raises many conceptual questions. Thus, the transition between being healthy, being diagnosed with breast cancer overnight without experiencing systemic symptoms and being healthy again was the subject of this thesis. Considering the current state of the literature and the purpose of research, the author has used a Grounded Theory methodology (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) to guide this study because it emphasizes the study processes and social interactions. Thus, to reach diversity of women, the author uses three settings: a tertiary hospital, a secondary hospital and a university. Collection and data analysis were carried out from 32 semi-structured interviews with women at different times in the course of chronic disease (n = 30), healthy women carrying the BRCA1 gene and a woman without health history of breast cancer in her family. From the conceptualization emerged three broad categories or concepts defined by their attributes and articulated in an explanatory model. These categories are: a) perceptions of health and disease before the transition, b) transition and c) perceptions of health and illness after the transition. The first category of perceptions of health and disease before the transition is divided according to the concepts of invulnerability, opposite to the disease perceptions of health and death, fear and doubt if heredity. The transition begins at the moment of the diagnosis and lasts up to one year following the end of treatments. React emotionally to deal with the situation, develop a new conception of life and respond to representations of cancer are circular stages of transition process. The central category of the transition is defined by not feeling sick. The personal, interpersonal and social factors influence these perceptions. Then, once the chemotherapy and radiotherapy are completed, women are in a state of health change. The changing perceptions of health and illness after the transition begins is characterized by perception of health that are more holistic and valuable. Cancer is now a surmountable event that nobody is immune. The salient point emerging from this research is to learn to live with a sword of Damocles over the head when the participants find themselves in a state of health changed.
Dagobi, Abdoua Elhadji. "L'influence des messages d'éducation pour la santé sur les représentations des maladies liées à l'eau dans la vallée du fleuve Niger." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0407.
Full textThis work examines the problems raised by the design and implementation of health education policy in Niger. It is focused on the process of emergence and developement of a national disposal and how it works especially in the water borne diseases programs in the Niger River valley villages. The main idea is that health education policy is undoubtely related to the state, but its implementation depends on non-state actors. Based on field surveys conducted in this region, this work describes the mechanism for ownership of broadcast messages and the constraints of health behavior changing in Niger rural villages. In describing these constraints, inadequate policies and poverty occupy a prominent place. If health education is of great relevance to public health, it must nevertheless be supported upstream by a consistent policy of raising the standard of living
Terrade, Vanessa de Fátima. "Les sols pollués : Leur remise en état au service de la justice environnementale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCD069/document.
Full textNos Estados Democráticos de Direito, as políticas públicas reconhecem um dever estatal de promover uma sociedade igualitária; sem pobreza, reduzindo, gradativamente, asdesigualdades sociais existentes e protegendo o meio ambiente. No entanto, em muitos países, como no Brasil, a aplicação dessas políticas não é realmente efetiva, principalmente no que concerne ao respeito ao direito fundamental a uma moradia livre de riscos à saude. O que sevê no dia a dia, são inúmeras familias morando sobre áreas contaminadas ou, simplesmente, sofrendo consequências nefastas ao seu direito ao meio ambiente sadio, por serem vizinhas de grandes indústrias, em uma violação clara aos princípios preliminares proclamados por esses Estados de Direito. Diante disso, o objetivo principal desse trabalho é o de compreender aimportância da gestão dos solos poluídos, a partir da adoção da política de sua reabilitação. Quanto mais desenvolvida for à legislação sobre a reabilitação das áreas poluídas, quanto melhor for o mecanismo de controle das áreas poluídas ou pontencialmente poluidas, menorserá o risco de que a população venha a viver nessas áreas, ou aos arredores delas, o que consequentemente, favorecerá a promoção de um meio ambiente sadio para todos, favorecendo o surgimento de uma sociedade pautada nos princípios da justiça ambiental.Como metodologia, utilizaremos a abordagem do direito comparado, a fim de demonstrar aevolução do direito fundamental ao meio ambiente na França e no Brasil e estudar alguns casos de poluição dos solos nos dois países. Esta escolha se baseia no fato da França, país industrializado, possuir já, uma certa, tradição no controle das áreas poluídas ou potencialmente poluídas. Ao contrário do Brasil, país em desenvolvimento, que está aind atentando implantar mecanismo para o conhecimento dos seus solos e para a implantação deum sistema de inventário. Dessa forma poder-se-á compreender a importância da legislação ambiental e dos mecanismos de controle da administração pública, para realmente assegurar o respeito ao direito fundamental ao meio ambiente para a população de cada um desses países. Adicionalmente, passamos a avaliar o aspecto sócioeconômico dos casos brasileiros, a fim de compreender a relação entre a poluição dos solos e a injustiça ambiental neste país. Concluíndo, que de um ponto de vista jurídico, não existe, ainda, uma relação entre a poluiçãodos solos ocasionada pela atividade industrial e as desigualdades sociais presentes em umpaís
Lafortune, Louise. "Evolution des profils d'état de santé et utilisation des services sociosanitaires chez les personnes âgées." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T014.
Full textMachinal-Quélin, Florence. "Régulation de l'expression du gène Ob et de son produit, le leptine, par les hormones sexuelles chez le rat et chez l'homme, et effets de la leptine sur l'adipogenèse chez le rat." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S005.
Full textHamouda, Ilyes. "La personne polyhandicapée en France : indicateurs de santé, de la performance des soins et de qualité de vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AIXM0561.
Full textPolyhandicap is a severe and multiple disability that combines profound intellectual impairment with severe motor deficits, resulting in complete dependence on others for activities of daily living. These disabilities result from severe brain lesions that occur during early brain development and have lifelong consequences.Health indicators and performance measures are essential to better understand the progression of the condition and to improve healthcare. However, the field of polyhandicap lacks consensus on such indicators, highlighting the urgency of identifying, validating and proposing them for the benefit of people with polyhandicap, their carers and healthcare decision-makers.This work aims to provide health indicators, quality of life measures and health care performance measures in the field of polyhandicap in France. Based on the French "Eval-PLH" cohort of people with polyhandicap, we present, for the first time, indicators of morbidity, mortality, perceived health (quality of life) and health system performance.The median survival in our cohort is 58 years, with factors associated with mortality including institutionalisation, the instability and evolving nature of the pathology, and the use of medical devices.In addition, we have validated the "PSS" severity scale to assess the health status of people with polyhandicap and developed a specific quality of life scale called "PolyQol". These tools are essential for the evaluation of tailored health programmes for people with polyhandicap, for research purposes, and for health professionals caring for this population.Finally, our research provides insights into the actual healthcare costs incurred by people with polyhandicap in different care settings, contributing to the health economic perspective.These findings enhance our understanding of polyhandicap and guide interventions and care to improve health outcomes and quality of life for people with polyhandicap and their families
Lopez-Canto, Leonor Elena. "La construction sociale d'un réseau hospitalier régional public au Mexique : la cas de la Péninsule du Yucatan." Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2008.
Full textLe gouvernement fédéral mexicain a proposé la création de 18 réseaux régionaux de santé comme alternative organisationnelle en vue d'améliorer le niveau de service du système. L'un de ces réseaux est étudié dans cette thèse : le réseau régional de santé de la Péninsule du Yucatan, également appelé réseau hospitalier régional et situé dans le sud-est de la république mexicaine. L'étude du phénomène étudié est abordée dans la perspective systémique, se fondant sur le paradigme interprétativiste. Un des résultats de ce travail est de mettre en à jour que la transformation vers cette nouvelle forme organisationnelle demande des changements profonds sur trois niveaux : méta-organisationnel, inter-organisationnel et organisationnel. Dans chacun d'entre eux, on identifie quatre grands facteurs qui conditionnent le développement du réseau : le pouvoir et la politique, la structure et les capacités du système de santé, la conception du modèle de "réseau" et la participation des acteurs
El gobierno federal mexicano ha propuesto la creación de 18 redes regionales de atención a la salud, como alternativa organizacional para mejorar la actual capacidad resolutiva del sistema. Una de estas redes es estudiada en esta tesis : la red regional de salud de la Península de Yucatán, también denominada red hospitalaria regional, ubicada en el sureste de la República Mexicana. Se abordó el estudio del fenómeno mediante la perspectiva sistémica y el pradigma que guió la indagación es el interpretativo. Se encontró que el tránsito hacia esta nueva forma organizacional representa cambios profundos en tres niveles : meta-organizacional, interorganizacional y organizacional ; en todos ellos se encuentran presentes cuatro grandes factores que están condicionando el desarrollo de la red : el poder y la política, la estructura y capacides del sistema de salud, el diseño del modelo de "red", y la participación de los actores
Lizé, Emmanuel. "Détection d'endommagement sans état de référence et estimation de la température pour le contrôle santé intégré de structures composites par ondes guidées." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0058/document.
Full textThis thesis work concerns the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of aeronautical composite structures by guided waves with piezoelectric transducers (PZT). Conventional detection methods are based on the comparison of signals from the inspected structure in the current state with those measured in a healthy state (the baseline). Temperature significantly alters the measured signals and the associated diagnosis if its influence is not considered in the baseline. Also, the acquisition of the baseline is very constraining for the deployment of SHM systems in real conditions. The first contribution of this thesis is the estimation of the temperature field from the PZT measurements (modal frequency shift and static capacity), which allows to compensate the effect of temperature in the baseline without adding dedicated sensors. The second contribution of this thesis concerns baseline free methods. The detection performance of four methods are compared (reciprocity principle, amplitude variation, Lamb mode analysis and instantaneous baseline) on a numerical model and experimental cases of damages at different temperatures on a highly anisotropic composite plate. The results obtained show that the decomposition of Lamb wave modes in signals measured via dual PZTs (PZTs consisting of two concentric electrodes - a ring and a disk - on their upper side) significantly improves the detection performance of these methods. A dimensioning process for the deployment of these methods on complex anisotropic structures is proposed. These results open up promising opportunities that potentially contribute to the transfer of SHM technologies from laboratories to industry
Pélissier, Carole. "Conditions de travail et état de santé physique et psychique du personnel non médical des établissements d'hébergements pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10265.
Full textBackground: Non-medical staff in nursing homes for the elderly are exposed to high levels of physical and psychological stress related to managing increasingly dependent residents with multiple pathologies. Our research approach is based on Green and Kreuter's public health model. This is intended to describe the physical and mental health (epidemiological diagnosis) and to explore working conditions as experienced by nursing home staff (behavioral and environmental diagnosis). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted by 78 occupational physicians on 2,649 employees (706 housekeepers, 1,565 nursing assistants and 378 nurses) in 105 nursing homes for the elderly in the Rhône-Alpes Region of France. Employee data were collected on several validated questionnaires. All statistical analyses were performed on SAS software, version 9.3. Results: Respondents related elevated hardship and desired more continuous training in palliative care. They were highly exposed to psychosocial stress (strong effort, low reward, effort/reward imbalance, overcommitment). Neck and upper limb musculoskeletal complaints and signs of psychological distress were significantly associated with exposure to psychosocial stress. Conclusions: The next phase of the research plan should consist in establishing an educational diagnosis by assessing the organizational factors associated with psychosocial stress in nursing home staff
Robin, Florence. "Devenir médecin militaire : Quels enjeux psychiques et psychopathologiques ? : Un état des lieux de la santé mentale d'une population d'étudiants en médecine militaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC094/document.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to achieve a global mental health perspective in a population of military medical students, over targeted years of the curriculum by determining the extent of burnout. The secondary objectives were to propose an interdisciplinary understanding of psychic problems, to highlight individual, collective and situational risk factors favoring the possible appearance of psychic disorders, to identify institutional support points or to developed ones.A mixed methodology combining quantitative and qualitative study was used. This is a cross-sectional study repeated quantitatively and descriptively by an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Professional burnout was assessed by the MBI-GS for 1st and 2nd year students, by the MBI-HSS for students in the 4th and 8th years.393 self-questionnaires were distributed, 327 were collected and 261 were analyzed, an overall response rate of 83.20%. The average age of the population was 21. 5 years, 46% were men, 54% were women; 35.6% were in the first year of study, 14.9% were in the second year, 23.8% were in the fourth year, and 25.7% were residents in the eighth year. Among the residents, 82.1% were general practitioners and 17.9% were specialty hospital residents. These scores corresponded to an overall percentage of students with a high emotional exhaustion of 12.3%. 25.3% expressed a strong depersonalization and 18.6% a low personal achievement. The percentage of residents with high emotional exhaustion was 35.7%; 38.0% expressed a strong depersonalization and 37.1% a low personal achievement. The study showed that median scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was worsening significantly (p < 0.001). The median personal achievement scores remained moderate from the first to the 8th grade, not increasing at the end of the university; 9.8% of 4th year and 21.2% of 8th year students had suicidal ideation or made a suicide attempt.The qualitative study by grounded theory showed that becoming a military doctor implies personal antecedents marked by ideal and identification. It is a matter of being both a doctor and a military in a constrained temporality marked by the sometimes inadequate learning of medical scientific knowledge and a military ethos where the influence of groups is fundamental. The tensions between knowledge and power are marked, especially in the violence of confrontation with death. Feelings varied between men and women, but the association of military norms and injunctions with the medical lifestyle leads to an overall negative feeling of anxiety, loneliness and major uncertainty about the future. Different strategies for prevention and medical management are proposed
Aceves, Hernandez Francisco Javier. "Santé-Environnement-Développement. Technologies Environnementales Socialement Appropriées pour les Régions Tropicales. Une étude de cas au Chiapas, Mexique." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030116.
Full textThe socially appropriate environmental technologies set up with the active participation of : - the concerned community, - the scientific and technical counsellors, and - the local and national decision makers, can help to improve and to preserve : - the public health, the natural and artificial environment, and - the socio-economic-cultural development in the tropical regions
Willmann, Claire. "Diagnostiquer un état de santé bucco-dentaire par une double approche macroscopique et métagénomique : application à une population rurale française du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30001.
Full textRecent developments in High-Throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) technologies and ancient DNA (aDNA) research have opened access to the characterization of the microbial communities within past populations. Most studies have, however, relied on the analysis of dental calculus as one particular material type particularly prone to the molecular preservation of ancient microbial biofilms and potential of entire teeth for microbial characterization, both of healthy communities and pathogens in ancient individuals, remains overlooked. In this study, we used shotgun sequencing to characterize the bacterial composition from historical subjects showing macroscopic evidence of oral pathologies. The objectives of this work were 1) to identify, in an 18th century population of western France, subjects with specific oral pathologies: dental caries; periodontal diseases and periapical inflammatory lesions; 2) to characterize the oral flora of these subjects in terms of its taxonomic composition; and 3) to determine whether it was possible to detect the presence of oral pathogenic bacteria involved in periapical inflammatory lesions, caries and parodontopathies, from a healthy tooth,. The presence of Streptococcus mutans and also Rothia dentocariosa, Actinomyces viscosus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli and Parvimonas micra was confirmed through the presence of typical signatures of post-mortem DNA damage at an average depth-of-coverage ranging from 0.5 to 7X, with a minimum of 35% (from 35 to 93%) of the positions in the genome covered at least once. Each sampled tooth showed a specific bacterial signature associated with carious or periodontal pathologies. This work demonstrates that from a healthy independent tooth, without visible macroscopic pathology, we can identify a signature of specific pathogens and deduce the oral health status of an individual
Poirot, Nicolas. "Télémédecine : état de l'art en 1995 et propositions pour un système de santé isolé, celui du territoire des terres australes et antarctiques françaises." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11080.
Full textBediaf, Houda. "Quantification et modélisation par traitement d'images de la répartition des produits pulvérisés à l'échelle de la feuille en fonction de son état de surface et la nature du produit." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS005/document.
Full textIn the context of agricultural spraying, reducing the amount of input became a crucial step particularly in viticulture. The development of spraying precision in this domain needs the mastery of the use of spray equipment, product and distribution of these products on the foliage. In this area, many research have been done, their main goal being to optimize the use of plant product protection and to reduce significantly the input quantity inside the culture. However, few research has been done on the behavior of the product directly on the foliage which constitutes finally the main goal of this thesis. The first part of this report deals particularly with the analysis of leaf surface state by focusing precisely on the leaf surface roughness, one of the main parameters in product adhesion process. A leaf surface analysis is performed by determining the textural features extracted from microscopic images. A new roughness indicator is proposed and, spatial and frequency parameters were used to estimate and characterize the leaf roughness. These parameters allow both the characterization of surface homogeneity and the detection of the presence of rib/hair on the leaf surface. Indeed, this part represents a fundamental basis for understanding the spray droplet behavior on the vine leaf. The second part of this thesis deals with experimental studies which aim to define and to create statistical models to estimate the amount of product remaining on the leaf surface or the surface occupied by droplets. These models consider different spray parameters, such as droplet size and velocity, surface tension of the product, slope angle and roughness of the leaf. These models could be seen as aid-decision tools to optimize the amount of spray and the estimated product remaining on the leaf
Durand-Aprile, Anne-Claire. "Les consultants"non-urgents" dans les services d'urgence : état des lieux et pistes de solutions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5029.
Full textEmergency Departments (ED) utilization has increased inducing ED overcrowding in many countries. The reasons for ED overcrowding are related partly to misuse of EDs on the part of patients who seek care for nonurgent (NU) problems, and inaccessibility to primary care services. Because the problem of NU ED visits is quite complex, the objective of this thesis was to conduct a critical review of the literature to better understand the conceptual and methodological questions of NU, and to explore why people with NU complaints choose to come to the EDs instead of their primary care provider. The proportion of NU ED visits would be around 30%. The review has highlighted the lack of reliability and reproducibility of methods of categorization. The profile of the consultant NU is not the expected one, as described usually in the collective social representations. The patient behaved as “rational person” when choosing to go to the ED. Among all health care resources available, the ED is the most suitable place and the most efficient provider for their medical needs. ED patients were willing to optimize their medical care by considering the most efficient health care resources. The lack of consensus on methods of categorization and criteria and the confusion between the concepts of NU and inappropriate ED visits explain the difficulty to identify the NU patient. Therefore none methods of categorization should be used to redirected patients outside the ED
Saint-Pierre, Louis. "L' effectivité du droit aux soins : Etude comparative de droit interne français et québecois." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32032.
Full textLike it use to be with most of the right to statements, legal practitioner are generally skeptical regarding the right to health care ability to produce juridical effects. However, this specific right shows, through judges constructions, that he can influence positive law, once it's stated. Such an influence can clearly be noticed in Quebecker law. It can also be in French law, less clearly. Right to health care statement modified the nature and the schema of the duty inherent to the horizontal relation between care giver and patient. The influence can be noticed regarding the juridical qualifying of the relation, as long as the scheme of the main duty incumbent on the care giver. The prerogatives conferred by this right have subsidiary and complementary functions in relation to those general and specific duties. The right to health care also has a vertical effectiveness, creating prerogatives for all citizens that can be opposed to the State. The degree of protection so given fluctuates according the fact that the care needed is or not due to guaranty the respect of a fundamental right
Yvon, Sophie. "Conception d'un produit alimentaire aux propriétés santé constantes basée sur la caractérisation des effets positifs sur la sphère digestive d'une matrice naturellement riche en lysozyme : le lait d'ânesse." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0129/document.
Full textGut pathologies are multifactorial with a constant increasing incidence. Organic diseases include inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease (CD) and functional pathologies include various subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). These pathologies present common features such as transit disorders, abdominal pain, dysfunction of the intestinal barrier associated with bidirectional gut-brain axis modifications and alterations of the gut microbiota composition (dysbiosis). Dysbiosis is generally associated with a lack of production of antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) by Paneth cells. Among the alternative treatment strategies, it has been proposed to reduce gut inflammation by correcting intestinal dysbiosis. Recent studies show the efficacy of a suitable diet, probiotics or prebiotics interventions on gut microbiota and on the integrity of their intestinal barrier in CD and IBS patients. Among interesting food matrices, donkey milk (DM) is a good candidate with a nutritional composition close to human breast milk and contains high levels of AMPs like lysozyme. An economic and social observatory of the donkey industry was ordered by the Institut National Âne et Mulet for a better support of growing French activity around DM against Italian and Chinese competitions. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the potential beneficial healthy effect of DM and to provide robust scientific evidences for a better valorization of this product. Thus, the effect of chronic oral intake of DM was evaluated on two distinct murine preclinical models: a model of experimental ileitis induced by an oral administration of indomethacin and a model of chronic psychological stress (Water Avoidance Stress, WAS). In these studies, the key role of lysozyme activity in the observed effects was highlighted. In order to develop the DM market in France, thermal treatments have been carried out to optimize a pasteurization process to obtain a DM in accordance with the regulatory microbiological and sanitary standards while preserving the activity of the lysozyme contained in milk. The work of this thesis shows that DM exerts anti-inflammatory properties resulting in a significant reduction of the macroscopic and microscopic inflammatory lesions of the ileum. This effect is associated with a reduction of gut dysbiosis while normalizing the level of drastically reduced AMPs contained Paneth cells in the ileitis model. In the WAS model, DM and the fraction containing activity of lysozyme reduce visceral hypersensitivity, stress-induced gut microinflammatory status and also restore the level of AMPs in Paneth cells . A heat treatment at 2 min/72 °C allows to increase the shelf-life of DM while preserving the activity of lysozyme and its gut beneficial healthy properties in mouse
Le, Guen Tanguy. "Les barrages du Nord de la Côte-d'Ivoire : développement socio-économique et état sanitaire des populations." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES1010.
Full textThe northern region of Ivory Coast, which has a varied climate of the sudanese type and a rural population density that is on the average small (with the exception of the surroundings of Korhogo), has, since 1960, seen the creation in the low-lying areas of 269 dams for the use of animal raising and 19 others for the irrigation of rice fields and for truck gardening purposes. The customary form of farming of the Senoufos of northern Ivory Coast, has been radically transformed with the use of hydro agricultural dams for the development of irrigated rice growing and agricultural pastoral dams for truck gardening. The presence of permanent waters has generally been appreciated in villages where people have seen their living conditions been improved. Facing the multi-purpose of these dams leading to a raise in the contacts between human and water, the risk to see some water diseases appear or reappear is getting more and more serious, especially for schistosomiasis. Surveys conducted on the inhabitants of 10 villages have allowed to realize that the risks of schistosomiasis development linbed to the new water conditions were still relatively weak in the North of Ivory Coast but vigilance was still necessary
Blouin, Camille. "Santé mentale des camionneurs québécois ayant vécu un accident de la route impliquant une tentative de suicide devant leur camion." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69495.
Full textIn 2019, across the province of Quebec, 35,000 people were injured in road accidents. The effect ofthese accidents on the mental health of survivors are poorly documented statistically. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its comorbidity with insomnia, depression and transportation phobia hasbeen noted in some victims. Victims of accidents involving a heavy vehicle are over-represented and, in mostcases, the truck driver is not at fault. In these situations, it is possible that a person may have used the heavyvehicle to take their own life (suicide-by-truck). The impact of suicides-by-truck on mental health is decried bytrucker associations, but the nature and magnitude of these consequences are not well known. The aim of thisstudy is to define a portrait of a sample of Quebec truck drivers’ mental health, who have or have not experienceda road accident, whether involving a suicide attempt or not, to clarify the situation. Eighty-five truck drivers (64.7%male, average age = 42.8 years) completed a battery of validated and homemade questionnaires measuring theseverity of PTSD symptoms, insomnia, depression, daily functioning, and substance use. A significant differencewas observed between those who had not experienced an accident and those who had experienced an accidentthat was not a suicide attempt on the severity of intrusive symptoms related to PTSD (F (2.82) = 4.017, p =0.022). No significant difference was observed between those reporting accidents involving a suicide attemptand those in other groups. The sample of this study did not reveal any specific impact on the mental health oftruck drivers who had experienced road accidents involving a suicide attempt. Therefore, the results obtainedindicate that, for this sample of truck drivers, the context of the accident is not what seems to have the greatestinfluence on mental health. In future research, considering some factors such as the time passed since theaccident or the number of accidents experienced by each truck driver would provide a more accurate picture ofthis population.
Mitangala-Ndeba, Prudence. "Impaludation et état nutritionnel chez les enfants au Kivu en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209608.
Full textLa malnutrition est un autre fléau qui frappe le monde depuis la nuit des temps. Les pays les plus touchés sont ceux-là mêmes qui sont concernés par l’endémie palustre. En 2010, 38% d’enfants africains âgés de moins de 5 ans souffraient d’un retard de croissance et 9% étaient émaciés. Ces formes de malnutrition concernaient respectivement 43% et 9% d’enfants de la RDC.
Le paludisme et la malnutrition coexistent. Néanmoins, leur relation demeure un sujet de controverse malgré de nombreuses études menées sur le sujet. Certains auteurs affirment que la malnutrition protégerait contre le paludisme alors que d’autres soutiennent le contraire. Une troisième catégorie d’auteurs atteste qu’il n’existe aucune relation.
Ces divergences de points de vues font que, sur le terrain, dans une même localité, certains préconisent le traitement systématique du paludisme au cours de la réhabilitation nutritionnelle alors que d’autres n’administrent les médicaments que pour les cas avérés de paludisme.
Dans le but de contribuer non seulement à l’amélioration des connaissances sur cette relation entre la malnutrition et le paludisme, mais aussi à la rationalisation de la prise en charge du paludisme dans les zones de coexistence des deux entités, des études ont été menées au Kivu, dans la partie Est de la RDC.
Méthodologie:En vue d’atteindre ce but, les résultats de six analyses de données, portant sur cinq études épidémiologiques menées au Kivu en RDC, sont présentés dans cette monographie.
La monographie est composée de quatre parties. La première partie est consacrée à des généralités sur le paludisme et la malnutrition et la quatrième partie est une synthèse générale.
Les résultats des six analyses évoquées ci-haut font, chacun l’objet d’un chapitre et sont regroupés au sein de deux parties portant respectivement sur la description de la relation entre la malnutrition et le paludisme (deuxième partie) et sur le traitement antipaludéen chez l’enfant sévèrement malnutri (troisième partie).
La description de la relation entre le paludisme et la malnutrition est le résultat des analyses de données de trois études. Les deux premières études font l’objet d’analyses rétrospectives des données de routine récoltées au sein de l’hôpital pédiatrique de Lwiro. La troisième étude est prospective et réalisée en communauté.
Le traitement antipaludéen chez l’enfant sévèrement malnutri est abordé à travers deux études menées en milieu hospitalier.
La première étude de cette partie a été menée à l’hôpital pédiatrique de Lwiro. Cette étude portait sur l’efficacité de la combinaison Artésunate-Amodiaquine (AS+AQ) dans le traitement du paludisme non compliqué à Plasmodium falciparum. Elle a été réalisée suivant le protocole standard de l’OMS portant sur l’évaluation et la surveillance de l’efficacité des antipaludiques pour le traitement du paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum non compliqué. Cependant, en plus des enfants habituellement inclus dans ces études d’efficacité selon le protocole de l’OMS, cette étude a intégré les enfants souffrant de la malnutrition sévère. Cette étude a conduit à deux analyses distinctes ayant fait chacune l’objet d’un chapitre. La première analyse s’est focalisée sur l’efficacité proprement dite du traitement antipaludéen. La seconde analyse a utilisé les données individuelles des enfants inclus dans cette étude sur l’efficacité du traitement antipaludéen pour explorer la production des gamétocytes de Plasmodium falciparum chez l’enfant souffrant de Malnutrition Aigue Sévère (MAS).
La deuxième étude de cette partie consacrée au traitement antipaludéen chez l’enfant malnutri sévère porte sur l’efficacité d’une stratégie de traitement antipaludéen systématique chez l’enfant malnutri au cours de la réhabilitation nutritionnelle. Il s’est agi d’un essai clinique randomisé en double aveugle, réalisé au centre thérapeutique nutritionnel de l’hôpital général de référence de Kirotshe. Les enfants malnutris admis dans le programme de réhabilitation nutritionnelle étaient assignés dans l’un des deux groupes d’étude selon une procédure aléatoire. Le groupe d’intervention recevait systématiquement la combinaison AS+AQ à la posologie habituelle et le groupe témoin recevait un placebo composé d’avicel 97,1%, stéarate de magnésium 1,9%, aérosil 1% et de colorant.
Les quatre premières études ont eu lieu dans la zone de santé de Miti Murhesa dans la province du Sud Kivu et la dernière a été menée dans la zone de santé de Kirotshe dans la province du Nord Kivu en RDC.
Résultats: [1] \
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lavoie, Vicky. "Déterminants psychosociaux de l'ajustement psychologique chez les militaires souffrant d'un état de stress post-traumatique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28208/28208.pdf.
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