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Otaka, Miyuki. "Museum family programmes as a model to develop democratic education: A pedagogy inspired by the principles of Cha-no-yu." International Journal of Education Through Art 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eta.12.1.39_1.
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Pfeifer, Philippe H., Marleen S. Kawahara, and Tony E. Hugli. "Possible Mechanism for in Vitro Complement Activation in Blood and Plasma Samples: Futhan/EDTA Controls in Vitro Complement Activation." Clinical Chemistry 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/45.8.1190.
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Abstract Background: Ongoing in vitro complement (C) activation in citrate or EDTA plasma has prevented an accurate analysis of C-activation products generated in vivo. The aim of this study was to characterize handling and storage conditions required to prevent in vitro C activation in blood and plasma samples collected with Futhan/EDTA. Methods: BiotrakTM RIAs were used to quantitatively measure C3a and C4a in blood and/or plasma samples from healthy individuals (controls) and from liver transplant patients. Blood samples were routinely drawn into either EDTA (1 g/L) tubes or into tubes containing both EDTA (1 g/L) and Futhan (0.1 g/L) and immediately centrifuged at 2000g for 15 min at 4 °C. Results: In controls, C4a, but not C3a, in fresh samples (time 0) was higher in EDTA plasma than in Futhan/EDTA plasma (n = 20; P = 0.002). Futhan/EDTA prevented C3a and C4a generation in blood and plasma samples held at room temperature (22–23 °C) for 1 h and in plasma held for 24 h at 4 °C or −70 °C. The mean C3a concentration (1.76 mg/L; n = 19) at time 0 in EDTA plasma samples from liver transplant patients was significantly higher than for controls (0.34 mg/L; n = 11). In these patients, the mean C3a in EDTA samples increased to 13.8 mg/L after 60 min at room temperature, but there was no change in the C3a concentration of an EDTA plasma from a control. In the patients, C3a concentrations were lower in Futhan/EDTA plasma than in EDTA at time 0 and after 60 min at room temperature (1.40 and 2.02 mg/L, respectively). The mean patient C4a was 4.02 mg/L in EDTA plasma at time 0 vs 0.24 mg/L for controls; it increased to 16.9 mg/L after 60 min at room temperature compared with 0.76 mg/L for controls. The mean patient C4a was 0.83 mg/L in Futhan/EDTA plasma at time 0 vs 0.1 mg/L for controls. Neither patient nor control C4a concentrations increased vs time in Futhan/EDTA. Conclusion: The combination of Futhan (0.1 g/L) and EDTA (1 g/L) eliminates in vitro C activation.
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Gallati, Christopher P., Minal Jain, Dushyant Damania, Abhijit R. Kanthala, Anunaya R. Jain, George E. Koch, Nancy T. M. Kung, Henry Z. Wang, Robert E. Replogle, and Babak S. Jahromi. "64-detector CT angiography within 24 hours after carotid endarterectomy and correlation with postoperative stroke." Journal of Neurosurgery 122, no. 3 (March 2015): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.10.jns132582.
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OBJECT Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) carries a small but not insignificant risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), most frequently observed within 24 hours of surgery, which can lead to the need for urgent vascular imaging in the immediate postoperative period. However, distinguishing expected versus pathological postoperative changes may not be straightforward on imaging studies of the carotid artery early after CEA. The authors aimed to describe routine versus pathological anatomical findings on CTA performed within 24 hours of CEA, and to evaluate associations between these CTA findings and postoperative stroke/TIA. METHODS The authors reviewed 113 consecutive adult patients who underwent postoperative CTA within 24 hours of CEA at a single academic institution. Presence and location of arterial “flaps,” luminal “step-off,” intraluminal thrombus and hematoma were documented from postoperative CTA scans. Medical records were reviewed to determine the incidence of new postoperative neurological findings. RESULTS Postoperative CTA findings included common carotid artery (CCA) step-off (63.7%), one or more intraarterial flaps (27.4%), hematoma at the surgical site (15.9%), and new intraluminal thrombus (7.1%). Flaps were seen in the external carotid artery (ECA), internal carotid artery (ICA), and CCA in 18.6%, 9.7%, and 6.2% of patients, respectively. New postoperative neurological findings were present in 7.1% of patients undergoing CTA. Flaps (especially ICA/CCA) and/or intraluminal thrombi were more frequently seen in patients undergoing CTA for new postoperative stroke/TIA (85.7%) versus patients undergoing CTA for routine postoperative imaging (14.3%, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS CTA within 24 hours of CEA demonstrates characteristic anatomical findings. CCA step-offs and ECA flaps are relatively common and clinically insignificant, whereas ICA/CCA flaps and thrombi are less frequently seen and are associated with postoperative stroke/TIA.
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Belykh, Evgenii G., Ting Lei, Magaldi M. Oliveira, Rami O. Almefty, Kaan Yagmurlu, Ali M. Elhadi, Guozhu Sun, et al. "Carotid Endarterectomy Surgical Simulation Model Using a Bovine Placenta Vessel." Neurosurgery 77, no. 5 (July 30, 2015): 825–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000924.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a common, well-developed surgical procedure. Although surgical simulation is gaining in importance for residency training, CEA practice opportunities for surgical residents are limited. OBJECTIVE: To describe a new haptic CEA model. METHODS: Six bovine placentas were used to create the model. Each placenta provided about 6 large arterial and venous bifurcations. In total, 36 large-vessel bifurcations were dissected and prepared for the CEA simulation. Bovine placenta vessels were arranged to simulate the common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), and external carotid artery (ECA). The diameters and wall thicknesses were measured and compared with human CCA, ICA, and ECA parameters. RESULTS: All bovine placentas provided vessels suitable for modeling carotid artery bifurcations and CEA training. Mean ± SD diameters of simulated CCAs, ECAs, and ICAs were 11.2 ± 1.8, 4.3 ± 0.5, and 9.8 ± 3.0 mm, respectively, from nondilated veins and 8.7 ± 1.4, 4.4 ± 1.3, and 7.2 ± 1.7 mm, respectively, from nondilated arteries. Mean vessel wall thicknesses were 2.0 ± 0.6 mm for arteries and 1.4 ± 0.5 mm for veins. Placental vessel tissue had dimensions and handling characteristics similar to those of human carotid arteries. The CEA procedure and its subtasks, including vessel-tissue preparation and surgical skills performance, could be reproduced with high fidelity. CONCLUSION: A bovine placenta training model for CEA is inexpensive and readily available and closely resembles human carotid arteries. The model can provide a convenient and valuable simulation and practice addition for vascular surgery training.
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Kazantsev, Anton N., Roman A. Vinogradov, Sergey V. Artyukhov, Lyudmila V. Roshkovskaya, Vyacheslav V. Matusevich, Goderzi Sh Bagdavadze, Roman Yu Lider, et al. "Hybrid revascularization of the heart and brain: which carotid endarterectomy is preferable?" Annals of Clinical and Experimental Neurology 15, no. 4 (December 23, 2021): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54101/acen.2021.4.2.
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The aim of this study was to analyse the inpatient and long-term results of hybrid surgery, incorporating percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and different types of carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
Materials and methods. A prospective, open-label cohort comparison study was conducted in 20182020 and included 363 patients with atherosclerosis of both the internal carotid artery (ICA) and coronary artery, who underwent hybrid revascularization of the brain and myocardium. All patients were divided into four groups based on the revascularization strategy: group 1 (n = 107; 29.5%) PCI + eversion CEA; group 2 (n = 98; 27%) PCI + classic CEA with patch angioplasty; group 3 (n = 72; 19.8%) PCI + glomus-sparing CEA according to R.A. Vinogradov; and group 4 (n = 86; 23.7%) PCI + glomus-sparing CEA according to A.N. Kazantsev. The follow-up period was 20.8 8.0 months.
The patient received a loading dose of clopidogrel (300 mg) before the PCI, and the procedure was then performed in an endovascular operating room. A radial artery catheter was inserted, and the patient received 10,000 IU of intravenous heparin before the procedure. After the PCI, the patient was taken to the vascular operating room, where they underwent the CEA. The patient received 5,000 IU of intravenous heparin before artery clamping. Glomus-sparing CEA according to A.N. Kazantsev was performed as follows: an arteriotomy was conducted along the internal edge of the external carotid artery (ECA), adjacent to the carotid sinus and 23 cm above the ostium, and extending to the common carotid artery (CCA) (also 23 cm below the ECA ostium), depending on the size of the atherosclerotic plaque. The ICA was transected in the area bound by the ECA and CCA walls. Eversion CEA of the ICA was performed, followed by open CEA of the ECA and CCA. The ICA was implanted in its previous position in the preserved area.
Results. No mortality was recorded during the inpatient follow-up period. All cases of myocardial infarction occurred after eversion and classic CEA: 3 in group 1 (2.8%) and 1 in group 2 (1.02%); р = 0.2. No ischaemic stroke was recorded only in patients who underwent CAE according to A.N. Kazantsev (р = 0.66); however, ischaemic stroke occurred in two patients in group 1 (1.8%), in two patients in group 2 (2.04%) and in one patient in group 3 (1.38%). The highest number of cardiovascular events occurred in group 1, due to carotid glomus injury, which led to poorly controlled hypertension during the inpatient stay. This tendency influenced the composite endpoints (death + myocardial infarction + ischaemic stroke), which were highest in group 1 (5 or 4.6%) compared to 3 (3.06%), 1 (1.38%) and 0 in groups 24, respectively (р = 0.18). The groups were comparable in the frequency of long-term complications. However, the incidence of ICA restenosis was lowest and no ECA thrombosis/occlusion was observed after glomus-sparing CEA according to R.A. Vinogradov and A.N. Kazantsev.
Conclusion. A hybrid PCI + CEA for brain revascularization should be glomus-sparing. CEA according to A.N. Kazantsev was characterized by lack of procedural arteriotomy complications. This procedure enables blood pressure monitoring in the postoperative period, thus minimizing the risk of cardiovascular complications.
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Perret, J. J., E. Raspe, G. Vassart, and M. Parmentier. "Cloning and functional expression of the canine anaphylatoxin C5a receptor. Evidence for high interspecies variability." Biochemical Journal 288, no. 3 (December 15, 1992): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2880911.
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A cDNA clone, DTJP03, encoding an orphan receptor, was isolated from a canine thyroid library, and found to exhibit 68.6% amino-acid identity with the recently described human C5a receptor. This relatively low similarity first suggested that DTJP03 encoded either a C5a receptor subtype, or the presumably related C3a receptor. Binding studies performed on membranes from COS-7 cells expressing the recombinant receptor demonstrated that DTJP03 encoded a high-affinity C5a receptor, with a Kd of 1.2 nM. C3a was unable to compete for C5a binding. Intracellular free calcium concentrations were measured by Quin-2 fluorescence assays in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the canine C5a receptor. C5a addition elicited an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration. Extracellular EGTA partially prevented this response, suggesting that activation of the C5a receptor promotes both the release of calcium from intracellular stores, and the influx of extracellular calcium. Genes encoding C5a-receptor subtypes were subsequently searched for by PCR in genomic DNA from human, canine, rat and bovine sources. The result was the amplification of a single gene fragment from each species, with about 70% identity between any two of them. The canine C5a receptor has therefore to be considered as orthologous to the human C5a receptor described previously. The low similarity between C5a receptors from different mammalian species is quite unusual for a G-protein-coupled receptor.
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Dorsch, Hauke. "“Indépendance Cha Cha”: African Pop Music since the Independence Era." Africa Spectrum 45, no. 3 (December 2010): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500307.
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Investigating why Latin American music came to be the sound-track of the independence era, this contribution offers an overview of musical developments and cultural politics in certain sub-Saharan African countries since the 1960s. Focusing first on how the governments of newly independent African states used musical styles and musicians to support their nation-building projects, the article then looks at musicians’ more recent perspectives on the independence era.
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Igotti, M. V., S. B. Svetlikova, and V. A. Pospelov. "Overexpression of Adenoviral E1A Sensitizes E1A+Ras-Transformed Cells to the Action of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors." Acta Naturae 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2018-10-4-70-78.
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The adenoviral E1A protein induces cell proliferation, transformation, and tumor formation in rodents, on the one hand. On the other hand, E1A expression increases cell sensitivity to a number of cytotoxic agents. Therefore, E1A is a candidate for use as a component of combination therapy for malignant tumors. The highest augmentation in the cytotoxic effect was achieved by a combined use of E1A expression and histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors. However, HDAC inhibitors do not induce apoptosis in cells transformed with E1A and cHa-ras oncogenes. In this study, it was shown that HDAC inhibitors reduce the expression of adenoviral E1A. However, under unregulated E1A overexpression, these cells undergo apoptosis in the presence of HDAC inhibitors. Treatment with a HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate (NaBut), was shown to activate the anti-apoptotic factor NF-kB in control cells. However, NaBut was unable to modulate the NF-kB activity in E1A overexpressed cells. Therefore, it is fair to postulate that cells transformed with E1A and cHa-ras oncogenes avoid the apoptosis induced by HDAC inhibitors thanks to a NaBut-dependent decrease in E1A expression.
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Karki, G., B. Bhatta, N. R. Devkota, and R. M. Kunwar. "Climate change adaptation governance in Nepal: a framework for sustainable generation of adaptation services." Banko Janakari 31, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v31i2.41900.
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Poverty and high dependency of rural and mountainous households on the natural resources of Nepal have made the country more vulnerable to climate change. On the other hand, there is inadequacy of adaptation services provided to the vulnerable households and ecosystems. Responding to climate change necessitates amore consolidated effort and effective implementation interventions from both the government and non-government actors. To help achieve this very essence, this study has aimed to- (i) review the existing climate change adaptation (CCA) practices, processes and patterns of sustainable resource mobilization and benefit sharing, and (ii) develop a framework that ensures sustainability of resources and equitable sharing of services and benefits accrued from CCA. Consultations with the communities, key state and non-state stakeholders both at federal and provincial levels, reviews of national policies, strategies, periodic plans and programs and field visits were carried out to synthesize the information, document the knowledge, and highlight the gaps pertaining to CCA. Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) was executed for analyzing qualitative information. Recently, the Government of Nepal has developed a priority framework on sustainable resource management and delivery of adaptation services. In line with the eight themes identified by the National Climate Change Policy (NCCP, 2019), the proposed framework has paid central attention on medium and long-term adaptation planning adhered with Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Community-based Adaptation (CbA). Building resilience, reducing vulnerability, increasing capacities, enabling environment, and integrating CCA in development planning have been the focus of the framework. It is found that the delivery of adaptation services to the climate vulnerable groups and poor communities is well reached out through CbA and EbA approaches. It is therefore, crucial in strengthening community- and locally-based mechanisms (such as forest-user groups, farmers groups, agricultural and fisheries cooperatives, and community networks) for sustainable management and delivery of services to facilitate effective adaptation.
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Beluce, Andrea Carvalho, Katya Luciane de Oliveira, Leandro Silva Almeida, and Makilim Nunes Baptista. "Motivation scale for learning with the use of DICT (EMA - TDIC)." Psico-USF 26, spe (2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-8271202126nesp06.
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Abstract The motivation to learn, as a socio-affective component, has been investigated as a facilitating phenomenon for the permanence of young people in formal education. The aim of this study was to seek evidence of content and the internal structure of the items that make up an instrument to identify the motivational quality for learning with the use of DICT (EMA - TDIC), with its scope being students in high school and higher education. Participants in this study were 822 students, who responded collectively to the scale. Descriptive and exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) analysis of the items were performed. The CFA results corroborated the structural model established in the EFA, that is, the three-dimensional structure was confirmed: Controlled Motivation, Autonomous Motivation and Demotivation. New studies are underway, aiming to expand the psychometric evidence of the instrument, increasing the possibilities of making this questionnaire useful in educational contexts.
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Lehmann, Jennifer. "The end of an era." Children Australia 45, no. 4 (December 2020): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2020.61.
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Noguchi, Daisuke. "ANALYSIS OF SPECIALTIES OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FOR NON-CHELATE CONFORMATIONS OF ETHYLENE-DIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID AND ITS SALTS WITH ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 88, no. 10 (November 25, 2022): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.88.10.2022.55-69.
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In the present study, the crystal structures of non-chelating EDTA molecules and their non-chelation salts in a zwitterionic state, along with the EDTA-chelates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, were searched and overviewed. 25 non-chelating molecules of EDTA, and zwitterions of ethylenediammonium-diacetate diacetic acid HOOC-CH2-(-OOC-CH2-)NH+-CH2-CH2-NH+(-CH2-COO-)-CH2-COOH and their salts (ethylenediammonium-tetraacetic acid (HOOC-CH2-)2NH+-CH2-CH2-NH+(-CH2-COOH)2, ethylenediammonium-acetate triacetic acid (HOOC-CH2-)2NH+-CH2-CH2-NH+(-CH2-COO-)-CH2-COOH, and ethylenediammonium-tetraacetate (-OOC-CH2-)2NH+-CH2-CH2-NH+(-CH2-COO-)2 with counterions), as well as 17 types of EDTA-chelates of alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+) and alkaline earth metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) were analyzed using data from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC). Each intramolecular contact distance between nitrogen and oxygen atoms (NH+···O) has been examined and found to be around 2.7 Å. Investigation on the distribution of the intramolecular NH+··· NH+-distances of EDTA and non-chelated salts thereof also revealed that bulky counterion and certain crystal solvent molecules correspond to change in crystal packing, and that they influenced the conformers of EDTA molecules among gauche form to anti form. In the existing crystalline EDTA-chelates of alkali metals as well as alkaline earth metals, various coordination numbers (CN) and the denticity (к) of EDTA anions are displayed; CN 5 to 9, and tri- and hexadentate fashions. Intramolecular contact N···O and N···N distances correspond to the metal ion radii except for the case of Sr-EDTA chelate, probably due to differences of crystal packings in addition to the number of counterions and crystal solvent molecules. The existing data on crystalline EDTA and its salts have been gathered herein, which contributes to a further understanding and exploring applications hereafter.
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Palkovic, Stefan, Tonny Tjan, Bernhard Fischer, and Hansdetlef Wassmann. "Threatening of cerebrovascular insufficiency within surgery of carotid artery restenosis." Open Medicine 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-007-0032-4.
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AbstractSurgical intervention for extracranial carotid artery stenosis remains a major potential therapeutic modality for the prevention of stroke. Nevertheless, every kind of surgical technique for carotid entarterectomy (CEA) has its specific complications, compromising the final surgical result. The authors report about a 70-year old man, suffering from recurrent transient ischemic attacks by suspected internal carotid artery (ICA) re-stenosis, 11 and 13 years after CEA with patch angioplasty. In relation to neurological symptomatic and angiographic appearance of ICA re-stenosis an open surgery of the left ICA was preferred. Intraoperatively the old patch material was such vulnerable that it was not possible to maintain the continuity of ECA and ICA or CCA and ICA. Consequently reconstruction and replacement of ICA and ECA with 6 mm Gore-Tex grafts was performed. Follow-up three years after surgery showed no symptoms of insufficient brain metabolism as well as a good flow within the grafts. Patch angioplasty by CEA seems to be favourable to reduce the risk of early ICA re-stenosis but for all that there are other accompanying problems, which can compromise utility of patch technique. For this the authors prefer a patient adapted surgical treatment, based not only on so far not significant data but moreover on personal experience.
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Jayakody Arachchillage, Deepa, Ian J. Mackie, Maria Efthymiou, Andrew Chitolie, Beverley J. Hunt, David Isenberg, Munther Khamashta, Samuel Machin, and Hannah Cohen. "Rivaroxaban Limits Complement Activation Compared to Warfarin in Antiphospholipid Syndrome Patients with Venous Thromboembolism." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2328.2328.
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Abstract Background Complement activation may play a role in the pathogenesis of thrombosis and other pathological processes in the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Since coagulation proteases, such as factor Xa, can cleave complement proteins, we investigated complement activation in thrombotic APS patients receiving rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor. Aims To assess markers of complement activation (C3a, C5a, terminal complement complex (SC5b-9) and Bb fragment) in patients with thrombotic APS treated with rivaroxaban or warfarin in a prospective randomised controlled trial. Methods 116 APS patients with previous venous thromboembolism, including 22 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), on long-term warfarin (target INR 2.5) were studied. 59 patients remained on warfarin and 57 (11 with SLE in each group) switched to rivaroxaban (20mg daily). EDTA samples were collected at baseline (all patients on warfarin) and on day 42 (2-4 hours after the last dose of rivaroxaban in patients on rivaroxaban). 5/116 patients were excluded (samples from four patients were haemolysed and one patient withdrew from the trial after randomisation), leaving 111 (55 rivaroxaban and 56 warfarin) patients for analysis at both baseline and day 42. Samples were also collected from 55 normal controls (NC). C3a, C5a SC5b-9 and Bb fragment were assessed using ELISA assay kits (QUIDEL Corp). Results Median (95% CI) C3a, C5a, SC5b-9 and Bb fragment were 48.9 (30.1-100.2) ng/mL, 6.8 (2.2-11.8 ng/mL, 113.9 (50.5-170) ng/mL and 1.1 (0.64-1.86) µg/mL in NC, respectively. APS patients had significantly higher complement activation markers compared to NC at both time points irrespective of the anticoagulant (p<0.0001 for C3a, C5a, SC5b-9 and Bb). There were no differences in the markers between the two patient groups at baseline, or in patients remaining on warfarin at day 42 [median (95% CI) for C3a, C5a, SC5b-9 and Bb fragment levels in patient on warfarin on day 0 vs day 42 were: C3a (ng/mL) 77.2 (33.4-180.1) vs 73.6 (34.7-156), C5a (ng/mL) 10.8 (3.2-19.4) vs 10.3 (3.7-19.8), SC5b-9 (ng/mL) 203.5 (70.5-440.3) vs 214.4 (78.3-470.4) and Bb fragment (µg/mL) 1.3 (0.6-2.8) vs 1.4 (0.7-2.4)]. In 55 patients randomised to rivaroxaban, C3a, C5a and SC5b-9 decreased significantly compared with baseline values on warfarin [day 0 versus day 42: C3a (ng/mL): 82.8 (34.6-146.6) vs 64.0 (29.2-125.1), (p=0.004); C5a (ng/mL):12.0 (4.1-17.9) vs 9.0 (2.4-14.8), p=0.01; SC5b-9 (ng/mL): 201.0 (65.6-350.2) vs 171.5 (55.6-245.5), (p=0.001)]. However, Bb fragment levels were unchanged. Conclusions Complement activation occurs in APS despite anticoagulation with warfarin. Rivaroxaban decreased complement activation compared to warfarin, although levels of the markers did not normalise in the majority of patients. This action of rivaroxaban appears to occur via the classical pathway, since Bb fragment (a marker of alternative pathway activation) was unchanged. The observations in rivaroxaban-treated patients may reflect inhibition of factor Xa cleavage of complement proteins, or inhibition of its pro-inflammatory effects (and consequent complement activation). These data suggest that rivaroxaban may have an additional therapeutic modality in thrombotic APS patients by limiting complement activation. Disclosures Mackie: Volution Immuno Pharmaceuticals (Uk) Ltd: Research Funding. Cohen:Bayer: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Honoraria diverted to local charity, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau.
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Matusiewicz, SP, IJ Williamson, PJ Sime, PH Brown, PR Wenham, GK Crompton, and AP Greening. "Plasma lactate dehydrogenase: a marker of disease activity in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis?" European Respiratory Journal 6, no. 9 (October 1, 1993): 1282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06091282.
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Total plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity may be elevated in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA) and extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), and may be a useful monitor of disease progress. In a retrospective, primary referral centre study, we compared LDH at presentation, prior to bronchoalveolar lavage BAL, and after treatment and follow-up with changes in pulmonary function, in patients with CFA, EAA and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Plasma levels of LDH at presentation in CFA (n = 47) and EAA (n = 10) were significantly higher than in patients with sarcoidosis (n = 36). LDH activity decreased in patients with improving lung function (EAA, p = 0.008; CFA, p = 0.02), whereas it increased in CFA patients with deteriorating lung function (p = 0.015). Total plasma LDH is a simple, though nonspecific test, which appears to reflect changes of disease activity in patients with CFA and EAA.
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Okrent, Arika, and Lou-Ann Kleppa. "Bate-papo com Arika Okrent." Cadernos de Linguística 3, no. 2 (November 18, 2022): e669. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2022.v3.n2.id669.
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Como parte da programação do evento Abralin em Cena 16, que tinha como tema a popularização da Linguística, Arika Okrent foi entrevistada (em inglês). Uma versão editada da entrevista concedida está publicada no canal do Youtube da Abralin. Na entrevista, Arika Okrent conta sobre sua experiência na popularização da Linguística em mídias diferentes: ela é autora de dois livros e de muitos vídeos de popularização. Ela conta sobre as diferenças entre as mídias exploradas por ela e os desafios que se colocam ao popularizador da Linguística – que é um linguista acostumado a interagir com o público acadêmico. Por fim, Arika Okrent explica o que ela considera essencial para uma comunicação eficiente com o público não especializado: tomar questões linguísticas que interessam ao público, investigá-las movido pela curiosidade e compartilhar essa jornada com o público. Isso significa que a popularização da Linguística não configura uma mera simplificação da linguagem acadêmica ou tradução de resultados atingidos na Linguística, mas a criação de um novo produto que envolva o público não especializado.
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Rogowska, Aleksandra M., Aleksandra Kwaśnicka, and Dominika Ochnik. "Development and Validation of the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081637.
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This study aims to develop and validate a new self-report questionnaire to measure orthorexia nervosa (ON). Based on a current review of the scientific literature and interviews with people at risk of orthorexia, 40 items were selected to test orthorexia nervosa (TON-40). A total sample of 767 individuals (M = 26.49, SD = 9.66, 56.98% women) participated in the study. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and composite construct analysis (CCA) were performed to find an appropriate model of sufficient reliability and validity and stable construction. Convergent validation was performed regarding the correlation of the TON-17 with another measure of ON (ORTO-15), eating disorders (the EAT-26 and DEAS), healthy behavior (the HBI), quality of life (the Brief WHOQOL), physical health (the GRSH), anxiety (the GAD-7), depression (the PHQ-9), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (the OCI-R). Gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the medical reasons for a restrictive diet were also examined. As a result of the structural analyses, the number of items was reduced from 40 to 17. The best fit indices of the TON-17 were found for the hierarchical bi-factor model, with three lower-order factors (Control of food quality, Fixation of health and healthy diet, and Disorder symptoms) and one general higher-order factor (Orthorexia). According to the 95th percentile method of estimation, the prevalence of ON was 5.5% for the TON-17 total score. The TON-17 scale and subscales showed good psychometric properties, stability, reliability, and construct validity. The TON-17 indicated a positive relationship with the ORTO-15, EAT-26, DEAS, HBI, OCI-R, GAD-7, and PHQ-9. TON-17 can be considered as a useful tool for assessing the risk of ON.
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Canivez, Gary L., Ryan J. McGill, Stefan C. Dombrowski, Marley W. Watkins, Alison E. Pritchard, and Lisa A. Jacobson. "Construct Validity of the WISC-V in Clinical Cases: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses of the 10 Primary Subtests." Assessment 27, no. 2 (December 5, 2018): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118811609.
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Independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) research with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition (WISC-V) standardization sample has failed to provide support for the five group factors proposed by the publisher, but there have been no independent examinations of the WISC-V structure among clinical samples. The present study examined the latent structure of the 10 WISC-V primary subtests with a large ( N = 2,512), bifurcated clinical sample (EFA, n = 1,256; CFA, n = 1,256). EFA did not support five factors as there were no salient subtest factor pattern coefficients on the fifth extracted factor. EFA indicated a four-factor model resembling the WISC-IV with a dominant general factor. A bifactor model with four group factors was supported by CFA as suggested by EFA. Variance estimates from both EFA and CFA found that the general intelligence factor dominated subtest variance and omega-hierarchical coefficients supported interpretation of the general intelligence factor. In both EFA and CFA, group factors explained small portions of common variance and produced low omega-hierarchical subscale coefficients, indicating that the group factors were of poor interpretive value.
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Fischer, Roland A., Eberhardt Herdtweck, and Thomas Priermeier. "Organoindium Transition Metal Complexes. Synthesis and Reactivity. Structures of [(CO)4Co]2In[CH2Si(CH3)3](C4H8O), (.eta.5-C5H5)(CO)nM-In[(CH2)3N(CH3)2]2 (M = Fe, Ni; n = 2, 1), and (.mu.-CO){.mu.-In(CH2)3N(CH3)2}[(.eta.5-C5H5)(CO)Fe]2." Inorganic Chemistry 33, no. 5 (March 1994): 934–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00083a017.
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Sonntag, J., U. Brandenburg, D. Polzehl, E. Strauss, M. Vogel, J. W. Dudenhausen, and M. Obladen. "Complement System in Healthy Term Newborns: Reference Values in Umbilical Cord Blood." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 1, no. 2 (March 1998): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100249900016.
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Activation of the complement system occurs in several diseases. For reliable identification of complement activation in neonates, we establish reference ranges of several components in cord blood of healthy term newborns. For this study cord blood samples were taken from 125 healthy term newborns. Concentrations of C1r, C2, C5, C7, Properdin, and factors D, H, and I were determined by single radial immunodiffusion. C3a and C5a were measured by specific EIA and complement function was measured by hemolytic assays. The results were expressed as 5th percentile, median, and 95th percentile. The following respective concentrations were found: C1r: 27, 47, 65 mg/l; C2: 12.0, 18.0, 24.0 mg/l; C5: 64, 92, 127 mg/l; C7: 32, 60, 89 mg/l; Properdin: 5.6, 9.7, 14.2 mg/l; factor D: 3.6, 5.2, 7.3 mg/l; factor H: 178, 234, 296 mg/l; and factor I: 15, 24, 32 mg/l. The functional activity of the whole complement system was 24%, 43%, 97% and for the alternative pathway 39%, 58%, 76%. The concentration of the activated split products C3a was 4, 65, 255 μg/l and of C5a, 0.11, 0.26, 1.19 μg/l. These reference values may be important for the detection of deficiencies of native complement proteins or perinatal processes leading to an activation of the complement system.
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Spivak-Lavi, Zohar, Ora Peleg, Orna Tzischinsky, Daniel Stein, and Yael Latzer. "Differences in the Factor Structure of the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) in Different Cultures in Israel: Jews, Muslims, and Christians." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061899.
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Background: In recent years, there has been a shift in the clinical presentation and, hence, diagnostic definitions of eating disorders (EDs), reflected in a dramatic change in the diagnostic criteria of EDs in the DSM-5. The Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) is currently considered an accepted instrument for community studies of EDs, although it features an inconsistent factorial structure in different cultures. Therefore, it is essential to investigate whether the EAT-26 can still be considered an adequate instrument for identifying the risk of developing EDs in different cultures. The aim of the present study was to examine the construct validity and internal consistency of the EAT-26. Method: The study used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) among different cultural populations in Israel. Results: Findings indicated different factors in different ethnic groups, most of which do not correspond with the original EAT-26 three-factor structure. Results: The analysis yielded two main factors among Israeli Jews, four main factors among Israeli Muslim Arabs, and three main factors among Israeli Christian Arabs. Conclusion: These findings shed light on cultural factors affecting perceptions of the EAT-26 items. This calls for a reconsideration of the generalization of the original three-factor structure of the questionnaire in different cultures.
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Yang, D. S., G. M. Bancroft, R. J. Puddephatt, B. E. Bursten, and S. D. McKee. "Electronic structure of platinum complexes (.eta.5-C5H5)Pt(CH3)3 and (.eta.5-C5(CH3)5)Pt(CH3)3 from UV photoelectron spectra." Inorganic Chemistry 28, no. 5 (March 1989): 872–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00304a015.
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Campion, Brian K., Richard H. Heyn, and T. Don Tilley. "A stable .eta.2-silene complex of iridium: (.eta.5-C5Me5)(PMe3)Ir(.eta.2-CH2:SiPh2)." Journal of the American Chemical Society 112, no. 10 (May 1990): 4079–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00166a078.
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Nath, Sarath G., Francesca Lee, Anjali Bararia, and Ank E. Nijhawan. "781. C.difficile PCR+/ Toxin EIA- treat or not treat? A clinician survey." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S435—S436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.971.
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Abstract Background C.difficile Toxin Polymerase Chain Reaction (C.diff PCR) and C.difficile Toxin Enzyme Immunoassays (toxin EIA) are commonly used tests to diagnose Clostridoides difficile infection (CDI). C.diff PCR cannot differentiate between colonization and infection, leading to a higher false-positive diagnosis of CDI. Toxin EIA has low sensitivity leading to a missed diagnosis of CDI. In patients with C.diff PCR positive(+) and Toxin EIA negative(-), clinical judgment is often needed regarding the decision to treat or not to treat. C.diff cytotoxic assay (CCA), is a more sensitive method to detect the toxin but is time-consuming and not readily available. Methods Between 6/2019 and 12/2019, 83 patients who were admitted to the hospital, met our inclusion criteria (C.diff PCR+/EIA-). Clinicians who cared for these patients were contacted and surveyed with a predesigned questionnaire evaluating the rationale of treatment. Also, a simultaneous medical records review was done to ensure consistency. Along with this C.diff PCR+/EIA- stool samples were sent to ARUP laboratories for CCA. The CCA results were not available for clinicians and did not impact clinical care. Average cost for a CCA assay was $29 Results Demographics of the clinicians were variable (Table 1). Several parameters were considered when making decisions regarding treatment and GI/ID were frequently involved (figure 1). Among the 83 patients, 41(49%) were CCA (+) and 42(51%) were CCA (-). 48 of 83 (58%) patients received treatment for CDI. 25 of 48 (52%) patients who were treated were CCA positive while 23 of 48 (48%) patients were CCA negative. Among the untreated patients, 16/35 (46%) were CCA+ while 19/35(54%) were CCA-. There was no statistically significant correlation between clinical judgment and CCA assay results (p: 0.56 on the Chi test). Demographics of the clinicians Clinician survey responses CDI Treatment and by CCA positivity Conclusion Clinicians regardless of their background and training face challenges with the treatment of C.diff PCR+/EIA- patients. Patient outcomes based on the incorporation of CCA assay into an algorithm for C.diff PCR+/EIA- patients, need to be evaluated. But it has a potential role in stopping unnecessary CDI treatment as well as avoidance of missed treatment opportunities while possibly also being cost-effective. Disclosures Ank E. Nijhawan, MD, MPH, Gilead (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support)
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Morizane, Kazuaki, Mitsuru Takemoto, Masashi Neo, Shunsuke Fujibayashi, Bungo Otsuki, Shimei Tanida, Takayoshi Shimizu, Hiromu Ito, and Shuichi Matsuda. "Occipital and external acoustic meatus to axis angle: a useful predictor of oropharyngeal space in rheumatoid arthritis patients with atlantoaxial subluxation." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 31, no. 4 (October 2019): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.3.spine181390.
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OBJECTIVEDyspnea and/or dysphagia is a life-threatening complication after occipitocervical fusion. The occiput-C2 angle (O-C2a) is useful for preventing dyspnea and/or dysphagia because O-C2a affects the oropharyngeal space. However, O-C2a is unreliable in atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) because it does not reflect the translational motion of the cranium to C2, another factor affecting oropharyngeal area in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have reducible AAS. The authors previously proposed the occipital and external acoustic meatus to axis angle (O-EAa; i.e., the angle made by McGregor’s line and a line joining the external auditory canal and the middle point of the endplate of the axis [EA line]) as a novel, useful, and powerful predictor of the anterior-posterior narrowest oropharyngeal airway space (nPAS) distance in healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the validity of O-EAa as an indicator of oropharyngeal airway space in RA patients with AAS.METHODSThe authors investigated 64 patients with RA. The authors collected lateral cervical radiographs at neutral position, flexion, extension, protrusion, and retraction and measured the O-C2a, C2-C6, O-EAa, anterior atlantodental interval (AADI), and nPAS. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the presence of AAS and its mobility: group N, patients without AAS; and group R, patients with reducible AAS during dynamic cervical movement.RESULTSGroup N had a significantly lower AADI and O-EAa than group R in all but the extension position. The O-EAa was a better predictor for nPAS than O-C2a according to the mixed-effects models in both groups (marginal R2: 0.510 and 0.575 for the O-C2a and O-EAa models in group N, and 0.250 and 0.390 for the same models, respectively, in group R).CONCLUSIONSO-EAa was superior to O-C2a in predicting nPAS, especially in the case of AAS, because it affects both O-C2a and cranial translational motion. O-EAa would be a useful parameter for surgeons performing occipitocervical fusion in patients with AAS.
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Fang, Yujiang, Vincent G. DeMarco, Gordon C. Sharp, and Helen Braley-Mullen. "Expression of Transgenic FLIP on Thyroid Epithelial Cells Inhibits Induction and Promotes Resolution of Granulomatous Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis in CBA/J Mice." Endocrinology 148, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 5734–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0939.
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Granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (G-EAT) is induced by transfer of thyroglobulin-primed in vitro activated splenocytes. Thyroid lesions reach maximal severity 20 d later, and inflammation resolves or progresses to fibrosis by d 60, depending on the extent of thyroid damage at d 20. Depletion of CD8+ T cells inhibits G-EAT resolution. We showed that expression of Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1β-converting enzyme inhibitory protein (FLIP) transgene (Tg) on thyroid epithelial cells (TECs) of DBA/1 mice had no effect on G-EAT induction but promoted earlier resolution of G-EAT. However, when CBA/J wild-type donor cells were transferred to transgenic CBA/J mice expressing FLIP on TECs, they developed less severe G-EAT than FLIP Tg− littermates. Both strains expressed similar levels of the FLIP Tg, but endogenous FLIP was up-regulated to a greater extent on infiltrating T cells during G-EAT development in DBA/1 compared with CBA/J mice. After transient depletion of CD8+ T cells, FLIP Tg+ and Tg− CBA/J recipients both developed severe G-EAT at d 20. Thyroid lesions in CD8-depleted Tg+ recipients were resolving by d 60, whereas lesions in Tg− littermates did not resolve, and most were fibrotic. FLIP Tg+ recipients had increased apoptosis of CD3+ T cells compared with Tg− recipients. The results indicate that transgenic FLIP expressed on TECs in CBA/J mice promotes G-EAT resolution, but induction of G-EAT is inhibited unless CD8+ T cells are transiently depleted.
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Duinker, Peter N., Erin L. Burbidge, Samantha R. Boardley, and Lorne A. Greig. "Scientific dimensions of cumulative effects assessment: toward improvements in guidance for practice." Environmental Reviews 21, no. 1 (March 2013): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2012-0035.
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Cumulative effects assessment (CEA) became an increasingly important component of environmental impact assessment (EIA; or simply environment assessment (EA)) shortly after formal processes for EIA were established in North America in the 1970s. Despite a growing body of literature addressing science requirements of exemplary EIA and CEA, practice remains contested. Our mission in preparing this review was to provide a critical update on progress in scientific developments associated with CEA and also to guide practitioners to a broad selection of the recent relevant peer-reviewed formal literature on CEA. In addition, we point to ways in which guidance for CEA practice could be improved. The study canvassed widely for refereed papers in journals and edited books as far back as 2000. On the matter of key concepts related to CEA, the paper addresses the definition of other activities to be assessed, establishment of time and space bounds, impact thresholds, methods for impact prediction, and stressor-based versus effect-based approaches. Definitions of cumulative effect are reviewed, with encouragement for continued work to elaborate the concept. Contributions from science to CEA practice are identified as follows: retrospective and prospective investigative protocols; basic ecological knowledge; effects knowledge; tools and methods; ecological grounds for threshold establishment; and analytically competent practitioners. We observe that the plethora of CEA frameworks populating the scientific literature offer practitioners helpful ways to think about the CEA process. CEA methods are then reviewed, with specific emphasis on geographic information systems, scenario-building, thresholds, indicators, simulation, and public engagement. Several case examples of CEA in practice are summarized, with the observation that none of the published case studies arises from work done to support CEA that is part of the regulated EIA process. The paper reflects on the role of CEA in project-specific EIA (or project EA) as well as class EA, strategic EA, and regional EA. CEA is needed in all forms of EA, but it seems to be particularly difficult to implement well in project-specific EIAs. Recommendations for improvements in guidance materials for practitioners address definitions, scenarios, analytical methods, collaborative methods, thresholds, knowledge accumulation, accidents and malfunctions, project scale, and knowledge integration. We conclude that competent CEA is a vital requirement for securing the sustainability of valued ecosystems and their components.
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Mattson, Matthew N., J. Philip Bays, Julie Zakutansky, Victoria Stolarski, and Paul Helquist. "Improved one-flask preparations of cyclopropanation reagents: (.eta.5-C5H5)(CO)2FeCH2S(CH3)2+ BF4- and [.eta.5-C5(CH3)5](CO)2FeCH2S(CH3)2+ BF4-." Journal of Organic Chemistry 54, no. 10 (May 1989): 2467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00271a048.
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Ortiz-Capisano, M. Cecilia, Douglas K. Atchison, Pamela Harding, Robert D. Lasley, and William H. Beierwaltes. "Adenosine inhibits renin release from juxtaglomerular cells via an A1 receptor-TRPC-mediated pathway." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 305, no. 8 (October 15, 2013): F1209—F1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00710.2012.
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Renin is synthesized and released from juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. Adenosine inhibits renin release via an adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) calcium-mediated pathway. How this occurs is unknown. In cardiomyocytes, adenosine increases intracellular calcium via transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels. We hypothesized that adenosine inhibits renin release via A1R activation, opening TRPC channels. However, higher concentrations of adenosine may stimulate renin release through A2R activation. Using primary cultures of isolated mouse JG cells, immunolabeling demonstrated renin and A1R in JG cells, but not A2R subtypes, although RT-PCR indicated the presence of mRNA of both A2AR and A2BR. Incubating JG cells with increasing concentrations of adenosine decreased renin release. Different concentrations of the adenosine receptor agonist N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine (NECA) did not change renin. Activating A1R with 0.5 μM N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) decreased basal renin release from 0.22 ± 0.05 to 0.14 ± 0.03 μg of angiotensin I generated per milliliter of sample per hour of incubation (AngI/ml/mg prot) ( P < 0.03), and higher concentrations also inhibited renin. Reducing extracellular calcium with EGTA increased renin release (0.35 ± 0.08 μg AngI/ml/mg prot; P < 0.01), and blocked renin inhibition by CHA (0.28 ± 0.06 μg AngI/ml/mg prot; P < 0. 005 vs. CHA alone). The intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM increased renin release by 55%, and blocked the inhibitory effect of CHA. Repeating these experiments in JG cells from A1R knockout mice using CHA or NECA demonstrated no effect on renin release. However, RT-PCR showed mRNA from TRPC isoforms 3 and 6 in isolated JG cells. Adding the TRPC blocker SKF-96365 reversed CHA-mediated inhibition of renin release. Thus A1R activation results in a calcium-dependent inhibition of renin release via TRPC-mediated calcium entry, but A2 receptors do not regulate renin release.
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조, 용란. "A study about the Daimyo-Cha in early Edo-era." Journal of Japanese Studies 44 (January 15, 2015): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18841/2015.44.05.
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Coskun, Kerem. "Development of facial emotion recognition and empathy test (FERET) for primary school children." Children Australia 44, no. 01 (February 18, 2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2018.51.
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AbstractThis article reports on the development of the Facial Emotion Recognition and Empathy Test (FERET) as a reliable and valid tool for assessing facial emotion recognition and empathy skills in primary school-aged children. Pictures of human faces developed by the researcher were used as response options for the children. The range of response options and their associated scores were constructed based on the Two Factorial Consensual Mood Structure, which indicates dimensions of emotions. Four hundred and twenty-two primary school children participated in the research. The children were asked to recognise emotions and display the appropriate empathetic response. Data were analysed through item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Item Response Theory (IRT). As a result of item analysis, FERET has been designed to include 6 items related to facial expressions of key emotions and has been found to have an internal consistency coefficient of .82 and be unidimensional. Results from the IRT indicated that all the items in FERET discriminate better responders from poor responders. It was concluded that FERET can produce reliable and valid results in measuring facial emotion recognition and empathy skills among primary school children.
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Kawamata, Takakazu, Yoshikazu Okada, Akitsugu Kawashima, Kohji Yamaguchi, and Tomokatsu Hori. "External Carotid Endarterectomy Followed by Superficial Temporal Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis for Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion with Advanced Ipsilateral External Carotid Stenosis." Operative Neurosurgery 62, suppl_5 (May 1, 2008): ONS395—ONS399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000326024.93724.16.
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Abstract Objective: For patients with internal carotid artery occlusion with advanced narrowing of the ipsilateral external carotid artery (ECA), we performed preventive carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for the ECA stenosis before superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis for internal carotid artery occlusion. Methods: Between August 2002 and July 2005, we treated seven patients with such lesions, six men and one woman, ranging in age from 52 to 66 years (median, 60 yr). Before STA-MCA anastomosis, we performed preventive CEA for advanced ECA stenosis (>70%) to ensure sufficient blood flow to the STA. STA-MCA double anastomoses were performed more than 1 month after the CEA. Postoperative cerebrovascular complications and carotid restenosis were investigated. Results: All patients in the present series had an excellent postoperative course without cerebrovascular complications during either the CEA or STA-MCA anastomosis phase. Furthermore, no postoperative carotid restenosis occurred, and all STA-MCA anastomoses were patent during a mean follow-up period of 35.6 months. Conclusion: The present study suggests that surgical management by external CEA followed by STA-MCA anastomosis is safe and effective for patients with internal carotid artery occlusion and advanced stenosis of the ipsilateral ECA.
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Martínez-Cruz, Jesús M., Álvaro Polonio, Riccardo Zanni, Diego Romero, Jorge Gálvez, Dolores Fernández-Ortuño, and Alejandro Pérez-García. "Chitin Deacetylase, a Novel Target for the Design of Agricultural Fungicides." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7121009.
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Fungicide resistance is a serious problem for agriculture. This is particularly apparent in the case of powdery mildew fungi. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new agrochemicals. Chitin is a well-known elicitor of plant immunity, and fungal pathogens have evolved strategies to overcome its detection. Among these strategies, chitin deacetylase (CDA) is responsible for modifying immunogenic chitooligomers and hydrolysing the acetamido group in the N-acetylglucosamine units to avoid recognition. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that CDA can be an appropriate target for antifungals using the cucurbit powdery mildew pathogen Podosphaera xanthii. According to our hypothesis, RNAi silencing of PxCDA resulted in a dramatic reduction in fungal growth that was linked to a rapid elicitation of chitin-triggered immunity. Similar results were obtained with treatments with carboxylic acids such as EDTA, a well-known CDA inhibitor. The disease-suppression activity of EDTA was not associated with its chelating activity since other chelating agents did not suppress disease. The binding of EDTA to CDA was confirmed by molecular docking studies. Furthermore, EDTA also suppressed green and grey mould-causing pathogens applied to oranges and strawberries, respectively. Our results conclusively show that CDA is a promising target for control of phytopathogenic fungi and that EDTA could be a starting point for fungicide design.
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fang, yujiang, and helen Braley-Mullen. "Expression of transgenic FLIP on thyroid epithelial cells in CBA/J mice inhibits induction and promotes resolution of granulomatous experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (G-EAT) (129.17)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S221. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.129.17.
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Abstract G-EAT is induced by transfer of thyroglobulin-primed in vitro activated splenocytes. In EAT susceptible DBA/1 and CBA/J mice, inflammation either resolves or progresses to fibrosis by day 60 depending on the extent of damage at day 20. Depletion of CD8+ T cells inhibits G-EAT resolution. We previously showed that FLIP transgene (Tg) expressed on thyroid epithelial cells (TEC) of DBA/1 mice had no effect on induction, but promoted earlier resolution of G-EAT. However, when Tg+ CBA/J mice expressing FLIP on TEC were used as recipients of WT donor splenocytes, they developed less severe G-EAT than FLIP Tg− littermates (average severity score of 1.3 vs. 4.5 at day 20), although both strains had similar levels of FLIP transgene. Following transient depletion of CD8+ T cells, FLIP Tg+ and Tg− CBA/J recipients both developed severe G-EAT (severity score of 4.4) at day 20. Lesions in CD8-depleted Tg+ recipients were resolving by day 60, whereas lesions in Tg− littermates did not resolve and most were fibrotic. FLIP and FasL were mainly expressed by TEC in FLIP Tg+ recipients and by inflammatory cells in Tg− recipients. mRNA expression of IL-10 and IL-13 was higher, and IFN-γ and TNF-α were lower, in FLIP Tg+ compared to Tg− recipients. The results support the hypothesis that transgenic FLIP expressed on TEC in CBA/J mice promotes G-EAT resolution, but induction of G-EAT is inhibited unless CD8+ T cells are depleted (NIH Grant DK35527).
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Schulz, Ursula Gr, and Peter M. Rothwell. "Variations in Carotid Bifurcation Anatomy: Differences within and between individuals." Stroke 32, suppl_1 (January 2001): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.364-a.
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P139 Carotid plaque formation is thought to depend on haemodynamic factors related to vessel anatomy. Side differences in bifurcation anatomy could explain the frequent asymmetry in the extent of carotid plaque within individuals. Differences between individuals could account for variation in the tendency to develop carotid atheroma. However, there are very few data on the extent of variation in bifurcation anatomy. We studied the inter- and intra-individual variability of bifurcation anatomy in 5395 angiograms from the 3007 patients in the European Carotid Surgery Trial. To minimise changes in bifurcation anatomy secondary to atherosclerosis, we excluded angiograms of vessels with ≥30% NASCET stenosis. We measured the arterial diameters at disease free points and calculated the following ratios: internal to common carotid (ICA/CCA), external to common carotid (ECA/CCA) and external to internal carotid (ECA/ICA). We calculated the 95% ranges to describe the variability of the ratios. To ascertain intra-individual differences we compared the ratios on the symptomatic side with those on the contralateral side in individual patients. Among the 2201 bifurcations with <30% stenosis there was considerable inter-individual variation in the ratios. The 95% ranges were: ICA/CCA (0.44–0.86); ECA/CCA (0.34–0.80) and ECA/ICA (0.55–1.33). Among the 767 patients with <30% stenosis bilaterally we found considerable intra-individual asymmetry in the vessel diameter ratios. Side differences of ≥25% were present in 17% (95% CI 15–20) of angiograms for the ICA/CCA ratio, 27% (24–30) for the ECA/CCA ratio and 32% (28–35) for the ECA/ICA ratio. There are large inter-individual differences in carotid bifurcation anatomy. For example, the normal range of the ECA diameter varies from half that of the ICA to a third more than the ICA. Intra-individual variability is equally considerable. This variability has not been documented previously. It may partly explain why the extent of carotid atheroma is often highly asymmetrical within individuals and why some individuals are more prone to develop carotid disease than others. Prospective studies are required to confirm this.
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Takeuchi, Yousuke, Haruhiko Suzuki, Tsutomu Numata, Takeshi Hino, Akiyoshi Konno, and Toshio Kaneko. "Hemodynamic Changes in the Head and Neck after Ligation of the Unilateral Carotid Arteries: A Study Using Color Doppler Imaging." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 1 (January 1994): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949410300107.
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For evaluation of the hemodynamics of the collateral circulation to the ligated external carotid artery (ECA) region, we measured the blood flow direction and volume in branches of the ECA in patients with unilateral carotid artery ligation before and during digital suppression of the common carotid artery (CCA) on the ligated and nonligated sides with color Doppler imaging and angiography. The main collateral pathway to the ligated ECA region was the ipsilateral occipital artery through Richter's anastomosis from the vertebral artery in the case of unilateral ECA ligation, and was the contralateral carotid artery in the case of unilateral CCA, ECA, and internal carotid artery resection. The superior and inferior labial arteries were important as the collateral pathway from the contralateral ECA.
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Marques, C., A. T. Pereira, M. Marques, M. J. Soares, C. Roque, and A. Macedo. "Confirmatory factor analysis of the eating attitudes test short version in a sample of Portuguese women." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.797.
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IntroductionThe Eating Attitudes Test-40 (EAT-40) is a valid index of symptoms frequently observed in eating disorders. The EAT-40 was adapted and validated for the Portuguese population. Thereafter a short-version composed of 25 items selected from the exploratory factor analysis (EAT-25) was developed. Apart from the total score, the TAA-25 evaluates three dimensions: Diet, Bulimic Behaviours and Social Pressure to Eat.ObjectiveTo examine the factor structure of the EAT-25 using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a sample of Portuguese women.MethodsThe sample was composed of 433 women (mean age = 36.07; SD = 15.15). CFA was used to test the model suggested by prior exploratory factor analyses of EAT-25. AMOS software was used.ResultsAfter four items were deleted and some errors were correlated, CFA indicated a good fit for the second-order factor (χ2/df = 3.066; CFI = 0.918; GFI = 0.883, RMSEA = 0.069; P[rmsea ≤ 0.05] < 0.001). The 19-item TAA showed excellent internal consistency (α = 0.91) and the three dimensions presented good Cronbach's alphas (α > 0.80).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the 21-item TAA model obtained through CFA is a reliable and valid measure to assess disordered eating attitudes among women.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hansen, H. J., G. LaFontaine, E. S. Newman, M. K. Schwartz, A. Malkin, K. Mojzisik, E. W. Martin, and D. M. Goldenberg. "Solving the problem of antibody interference in commercial "sandwich"-type immunoassays of carcinoembryonic antigen." Clinical Chemistry 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.1.146.
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Abstract We evaluated the effect of human anti-murine antibodies (HAMA) on apparent concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as measured in serum with commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits manufactured by Abbot ("two-step" double monoclonal antibody assay), Roche, and Hybritech (room-temperature protocol). In sera from patients given parenteral murine monoclonal antibody for experimental diagnostic and immunotherapy studies, HAMA titers were determined with Immunomedics' "ImmuSTRIP HAMA-EIA" kit reagents. "True" CEA titers were established by using the ImmuCEA/MA-EIA and heat-extraction to destroy HAMA before assay for CEA. The concordance of the ImmuCEA/MA assay with the Abbott and Roche CEA EIAs was established with sera from normal individuals and from patients who had not received parenteral injections of murine monoclonal antibody. At high (100 mg/L) concentrations of HAMA, false-positive results were observed with all three kits. The Hybritech and Roche assays were more sensitive to interference by HAMA than was the Abbott CEA-EIA, false-positive results being observed at HAMA concentrations between 1 and 10 mg/L. Similar sensitivity of the three kits to interference by primate anti-MAb sera was demonstrated. Use of primate anti-MAb sera to create controls with HAMA activity and of analyte is recommended to evaluate MAb assays for potential HAMA interference and for use to devise methods to eliminate HAMA interference.
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Price, Theresa, Barbara G. Beatty, J. David Beatty, and Alan J. McNally. "Human anti-murine antibody interference in measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen assessed with a double-antibody enzyme immunoassay." Clinical Chemistry 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/37.1.51.
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Abstract Fifty-eight plasma specimens from 30 patients who had undergone presurgical radioimmunoscintigraphy with 111In-labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) murine monoclonal antibody (Mab) and who had no clinical evidence of disease after surgical resection showed increased concentrations of CEA (greater than or equal to 5 micrograms/L) in plasma when studied with the previously available commercial CEA enzyme immunoassay (EIA) from Roche. The possible role of anti-murine antibody (HAMA) interference was addressed by adding mouse IgG (mIgG) to the plasma (2 g/L) before assay. Fifteen specimens (26%) showed no change in CEA (reflecting a true increase as shown by the original results), 22 (38%) showed a decrease in CEA of greater than 15% but remained positive (reflecting an artefactual increase), and 21 (36%) became CEA-negative (less than or equal to 5 micrograms/L; reflecting a false increase). Subsequently, we assayed the same samples with a modified version of this CEA EIA kit and 47 specimens remained CEA positive (greater than 5 micrograms/L): 25 (53%) were truly increased, 12 (26%) remained artefactually increased, and 10 (21%) continued to show a false increase. The degree of interference in the original EIA kit correlated with the plasma concentration of HAMA (P less than 0.005). All artefactually and falsely increased CEA values observed in both kits were corrected by addition of polyclonal mIgG or of a mixture of IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b Mabs before assay. This correction is important in the follow-up of patients who receive murine Mabs for treatment or diagnosis.
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Robbins, R. A., K. J. Nelson, G. L. Gossman, S. Koyama, and S. I. Rennard. "Complement activation by cigarette smoke." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 260, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): L254—L259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1991.260.4.l254.
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Lung disease secondary to cigarette smoking is associated with an influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the lower respiratory tract. To determine whether cigarette smoke can generate chemotactic activity, human serum was exposed to cigarette smoke and evaluated for neutrophil and monocyte chemotactic activity. Serum exposed to cigarette smoke attracted significantly greater numbers of neutrophils and monocytes compared with normal human serum exposed to air (P less than 0.01, both comparisons). The increase in chemotactic activity was partially attenuated by EDTA but not by ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and MgCl2 (P greater than 0.05, both comparisons), suggesting activation of the alternate complement pathway. To evaluate the capacity of cigarette smoke to activate the complement system, smoke-exposed serum was evaluated for cleavage of properdin factor B and C3 using immunoelectrophoresis and for C5a using a radioimmunoassay. Cleavage of properdin factor B and C3 was observed in the smoke-exposed serum and C5a was detected in the smoke-exposed serum (112 +/- 31 ng/ml). These data suggest that complement activation may play a role in directing the influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the lungs of cigarette smokers.
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Juul, Roar, Stig A. Slørdahl, Hans Torp, Bjørn A. J. Angelsen, and Alf O. Brubakk. "Flow Estimation Using Ultrasound Imaging (Color M-Mode) and Computer Postprocessing." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 11, no. 5 (September 1991): 879–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1991.149.
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We have developed a method to calculate flow noninvasively in blood vessels using color Motion-mode (M-mode) and computer postprocessing. The velocity of each point in the cross-sectional area of the vessel was found from the color M-mode recording by correcting for angle both distances and velocities and by assuming a symmetrical circular velocity field. Volume flow was then found by integrating the velocity field at 5-ms intervals through the cardiac cycle. In a cardiovascular hydromechanical model, a correlation of 0.99 and p value of <0.001 were found between estimated and measured flow in the model (n = 8). In 20 healthy individuals, we made 31 investigations in the common carotid (CCA), internal carotid (ICA), and external carotid (ECA) artery, comparing flow in the CCA with the added flow in the ICA and ECA. The values (CCA versus ICA + ECA) correlated with r = 0.91 and p < 0.01. Repeated investigations (n = 8) in one individual gave flow estimates of 495 ± 50 ml/min in the CCA, 304 ± 45 ml/min in the ICA, and 165 ± 37 ml/min in the ECA (means ± SD). This article shows that this system can make accurate estimation of blood flow to the brain noninvasively.
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Salima, Baississe, Dridi Seloua, Fahloul Djamel, and Mezdour Samir. "Structure of pumpkin pectin and its effect on its technological properties." Applied Rheology 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arh-2022-0124.
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Abstract The aim of this work is to investigate the structural features, physicochemical, rheological, and emulsifying properties of pectin extracted from pumpkin “Cucurbita maxima” pulp and peel. After the peel and pulp of fresh pumpkin were solubilized in water at high temperature (80°C) and clarification, the obtained filtrate was treated with aluminum sulphate, which precipitates a fibrous coagulum. The results found that the major functional groups of pectin isolates identified by Fourier transform infrared are: –OH, CH2, C═C, –C–O–C–, and CH3. The results obtained using nuclear magnetic resonance methods suggest that these polysaccharides consist of two domains: the first one is homogalacturonan and the second is formed by rhamnogalacturonan. Mineral and metal ions on pectin surface detected using scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray analysis were different pulp and peel pectin. Rheological behavior of these biopolymers is suitably represented by the Herschel–Bulkley and power law models. The extracted pectin has a viscosity spectrum expressed by the following properties: G′, G′′, G*, and ∣ η ̇ ∣ ( ω ) | \dot{\eta }| (\omega ) which, respectively, have the following values: 0.28–57.63, 0.15–34.38, 0.39–67.12, and 1.82–831.08 Pa s. These macromolecules have a negative charge on their surface. Rheological properties and emulsifying activity are significantly influenced by the structural composition and physicochemical properties.
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Wilmoth, Marie A., Randal J. Bernhardt, Darrell P. Eyman, and John C. Huffman. "Carbonylation of [.eta.6-C6(CH3)6]Mn(CO)2H." Organometallics 5, no. 12 (December 1986): 2559–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00143a030.
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Simon, Cedric J., Ha Truong, Natalie Habilay, and Barney Hines. "Feeding Behaviour and Bioavailability of Essential Amino Acids in Shrimp Penaeus monodon Fed Fresh and Leached Fishmeal and Fishmeal-Free Diets." Animals 11, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030847.
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The complete replacement of fishmeal with terrestrial meals did not have a negative impact on the attractiveness, palatability, and apparent digestibility of the formulation. Shrimp were found on average to eat more and have similar appetite revival on the terrestrial meal-based formulation (TM) diet compared to the traditional fishmeal-based formulation (FM) diet. However, methionine (Met) and lysine (Lys) leached out rapidly from the TM diet, and as a result, this initially overfortified diet showed lower levels of those AA in comparison to FM after 60 min immersion. Both dietary Lys and Met were sub-optimal in TM within 120 min of immersion, whereas in comparison, the FM diet supplied consistent levels of EAA for up to 240 min immersion. Nonetheless, shrimp fed fresh TM had significantly higher peak haemolymph concentrations at 30 and 60 min for total AA, Met, and Lys than FM-fed shrimp. The over-supply of CAA far compensated leaching losses, and CAA were well absorbed and used by the shrimp within 120 min, with no obvious signs of asynchronous absorption of CAA to protein-bound AA. However, shrimp fed the TM diet that had leached out for 60 min, had haemolymph concentrations of Met and Lys that were only 41% and 44% of the ones on fresh feed respectively, while there was a negligible effect of leaching on FM. This study provides further insight into the feeding behaviour and bioavailability of dietary amino acids for P. monodon juveniles.
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Tanaskovic, Slobodan, Miodrag Ilic, Djordje Radak, Predrag Gajin, Vladimir Kovacevic, Srdjan Babic, and Nenad Ilijevski. "Antegrade dissection of external iliac artery after failed attempt of common femoral artery chronic total occlusion angioplasty." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh210218106t.
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Introduction. Endovascular treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) represents a true challenge even for experienced interventional radiologists. We are presenting a case of hidden antegrade dissection of external iliac artery (EIA) after failed attempt to recanalize CTO of common femoral artery (CFA). Case outline. Fifty-two-year-old male patient was admitted for multidetector computed tomography angiography. Left common iliac artery (CIA) stenting was performed followed by ?crossover? attempt of recanalization of right CFA CTO that failed. The next day, left femoral superficial artery angioplasty was performed and after one month, angioplasty of the left popliteal and bellow knee arteries. A month later the patient was readmitted for surgical reconstruction of the CFA. After desobstruction, excellent inflow was obtained and Dacron graft inserted. A few hours postoperatively, Fogarty catheter thrombectomy was performed. The next morning pulsations were weakened again and CT angiography showed antegrade dissection of the EIA. Stenting of the EIA was performed with two stents and favourable outcome. After detailed analysis of CT, hidden thrombosed antegrade dissection of EIA was noted in lateral view, that was not seen in posterior/anterior view and was presented as fibrous plaque with mural thrombosis. Dissection occurred after failed attempt of CFA recanalization and was clinically silent until flow was established triggering opening of the false lumen and release of thrombotic masses. Conclusion. In patients with failed angioplasty of chronic total occlusion of CFA and CT characteristics of fibrous plaque proximal of the site of attempted angioplasty, thrombosed antegrade dissection should be thought of.
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Harker, Karly J., Lauren Arnold, Ira J. Sutherland, and Sarah E. Gergel. "Perspectives from landscape ecology can improve environmental impact assessment." FACETS 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0049.
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The outcomes of environmental impact assessment (EIA) influence millions of hectares of land and can be a contentious process. A vital aspect of an EIA process is consideration of the accumulation of impacts from multiple activities and stressors through a cumulative effects assessment (CEA). An opportunity exists to improve the rigor and utility of CEA and EIA by incorporating core scientific principles of landscape ecology into EIA. With examples from a Canadian context, we explore realistic hypothetical situations demonstrating how integration of core scientific principles could impact EIA outcomes. First, we demonstrate how changing the spatial extent of EIA boundaries can misrepresent cumulative impacts via the exclusion or inclusion of surrounding natural resource development projects. Second, we use network analysis to show how even a seemingly small, localized development project can disrupt regional habitat connectivity. Lastly, we explore the benefits of using long-term historical remote sensing products. Because these approaches are straightforward to implement using publicly available data, they provide sensible opportunities to improve EIA and enhance the monitoring of natural resource development activities in Canada and elsewhere.
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Morrissey, N. E., S. F. Quadri, R. Kinders, C. Brigham, S. Rose, and M. J. Blend. "Modified method for determining carcinoembryonic antigen in the presence of human anti-murine antibodies." Clinical Chemistry 39, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/39.3.522.
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Abstract The increasing use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for disease diagnosis and therapy has created a class of patients at risk for systematic error in clinical testing due to interference by human anti-murine antibodies (HAMA). HAMA interference is often difficult to detect and can cause either an increase or a decrease in apparent concentrations of antigen present. We undertook a clinical study to test a HAMA-resistant enzyme immunoassay (EIA) format for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination. Using the Food and Drug Administration-approved CEA-EIA Monoclonal One-Step Assay (Abbott) with the addition of an acid/heat extraction of patients' specimens, we found that the resulting CEA values accurately reflected the patients' status. We demonstrated that the acid/heat-extracted specimens yield linear dilution curves and show analytical recoveries of added CEA in the range of 76-123% in HAMA-positive specimens and 86-103% in HAMA-negative specimens. The correlation of CEA values in extracted vs unextracted specimens from 184 patients and control subjects was 0.9963. The CEA detection limit of the assay was 1.6 micrograms/L for the extracted samples.
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Forsyth, Peter, Hans-Martin Niemeier, and Eric Tchouamou Njoya. "Economic Evaluation of Investments in Airports: Recent Developments." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 12, no. 1 (2021): 85–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.31.
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AbstractThe problem of how to evaluate investments in airports has now been studied for over 50 years. This paper analyzes the use of different methods like cost–benefit analysis (CBA), economic impact analysis (EIA), and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models to address the question. It assesses the strength and weaknesses of each method, and it discusses which methods have been used in different countries. The paper argues that the CBA approach and the newer CGE modeling approach address the policy issue well and that both methods are appropriate, although improvements are possible, especially in the newer aspects of evaluation. Furthermore, more data intensive CGE models are able to analyze broader aspects of the evaluation question for which CBA has had difficulty. EIA does not address the problem satisfactorily, and it misleads air transport policy. But this evaluation contrasts sharply with practice. EIA has been extensively used to decide on airport investment. CGE approaches are very promising, though further work is needed for them to reach their full potential. This paper pays particular attention to the relationship between CBA and CGE in airport investment evaluation and also the possible role of wider economic benefits (WEBs) of aviation in evaluation.
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Kahn, Jeffrey H. "Factor Analysis in Counseling Psychology Research, Training, and Practice." Counseling Psychologist 34, no. 5 (September 2006): 684–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000006286347.
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Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have contributed to test development and validation in counseling psychology, but additional applications have not been fully realized. The author presents an overview of the goals, terminology, and procedures of factor analysis; reviews best practices for extracting, retaining, and rotating factors in EFA; describes issues related to CFA, including potential hypotheses, how parameters are estimated, and current guidelines regarding sample size and the use of fit indices; and reviews more sophisticated applications of CFA, including multiple-groups analysis and testing of hierarchical models. Finally, the author recommends how to increase the application of factor analysis to counseling psychologists’ work in research, training, and practice settings.
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Farzad, Maryam, Joy MacDermid, and Mehdi Rassafiani. "Factor structure of Participation Behavioural Questionnaire (PBQ) in patients with hand injuries." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e0267872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267872.
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Background Participation is considered a critical outcome of successful rehabilitation and should be evaluated. Objective We aimed to evaluate the structural validity of the Participation Behaviour Questionnaire (PBQ) in people with hand injuries. Methodology The PBQ contains 30 items that measure participation as conceptualized in the ICF. PBQ was developed with Rasch analysis to measure participation in hand injured. A sample of 404 patients with hand injuries and a mean age of 37 (16.0) participated and was randomly split for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA/CFA). Results Both EFA and CFA confirmed a four factor-solution. These factors were named: Social Participation and Interpersonal Relationships, Autonomy and Role, Subjective Satisfaction with Participation, Recreational, Sport, and Leisure Time. The value of Cronbach’s alpha was 0.96 for the total scale and >0.85 for each subscale. Conclusions The structural validity of the PBQ was confirmed using both EFA and CFA. The PBQ measures four dimensions of participation.