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1
El-Hage, Jaoudat. "Dynamique des spins electroniques dans deux unidimensionnels : le chac et le chab." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30200.
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Variation angulaire de la largeur de raie rpe, de facteur g en bande x pour c::(6)h::(11)nh::(3)cux::(3), pour x = cl, br. Mesure de la vitesse de relaxation longitudinale par la methode de modulation, effet d'un dopage par mn**(2+). Interpretation par les differentes interactions de spins
2
Sargent, Andrew William Steward. "Lichfield and the lands of St Chad." Thesis, Keele University, 2012. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/3838/.
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This thesis seeks to construct a history for the diocese of Lichfield during the early medieval period. The region is comparatively lacking in evidence, textual or archaeological, when compared to regions further east and south, and so provides a useful case study on which to test the applicability of narratives developed elsewhere. This study analyses what evidence there is from the region, textual (ninth-century episcopal lists, the Lichfield Chronicle, saints’ Lives), archaeological (ecclesiastical settlements, including Lichfield cathedral, and rural settlement) and topographical (distributions of settlement types, field systems and soils), and asks whether it can be interpreted with reference to two specific narratives: first, the ‘minster narrative’, in which a framework of minsters, established during the seventh and eighth centuries, provided pastoral care to the local population; and a territorial narrative based upon the ‘cultural province’, whereby a region defined topographically, usually along watersheds, persistently affected human activity within it, focussing it inwards. The study finds neither narrative entirely satisfactory: early minsters were clustered in the southern and eastern parts of the diocese, suggesting that episcopal agency was more important in ministering to the population than royal or noble minsters, which were founded for other reasons; and several different scales of territory are found to have been influential on the lives of those living in the region. A contextual interpretation is proposed, whereby nodes of habitual practice are identified throughout the landscape, by which people created and negotiated their identities at several different scales; a concept of ecclesiastical lordship is also recommended, by which the diocesan bishop’s relationships with other minsters in the diocese might be more fruitfully understood.
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Quarshie, Fredricka F. "Synthesis and Characterization of 2,2-cis-[Rh2(NPhCOCH3)4]•NCC6H4R where R = H, 2-CH3, 3-CH3, 4-CH3 and [Rh2(O2CCH3)(NPhCOCF3)3]." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2289.
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Five novel compounds were synthesized and characterized. Crystal structures were determined using Rigaku Mercury 375/MCCD(XtaLAB mini) diffractometer with graphite monochromated MoKα radiation. The crystal structures of [Rh2(NPhCOCH3)4•xNCC6H4R where x = 1 or 2 and R=H, 2-CH3,3-CH3 and 4-CH3 were solved to an R1 value of less than 5 (R1= Σ||Fo| - |Fc|| / Σ |Fo|). In each of the nitrile complexes, the rhodium is five or six coordinate and possesses pseudo D4h symmetry. The complexes were also characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. [Rh2(CO2CCH3)(PhCOCF3)3] was also synthesized. In this complex, each rhodium atom is six coordinate, thus each rhodium is in an octahedral environment. Details of each synthesized complex are discussed.
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Gorin, S. Steven. "Control of the effects of wind, sand, and dust by the citadel walls, in Chan Chan, Peru." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53698.
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Chan Chan, the prehistoric capital of the Chimu culture (ca. A.D. 900 to 1450), is located in the Moche Valley close to the Pacific Ocean on the North Coast of Peru. Its sandy desert environment is dominated by the dry onshore turbulent and gusty winds from the south. The nucleus of this large urban community built of adobe is visually and spatially dominated by 10 monumental rectilinear high walled citadels that were thought to be the domain of the rulers. The form and function of these immense citadels has been an enigma for scholars since their discovery by the Spanish ca. 1535. Previous efforts to explain the citadels and the walls have emphasized the social, political, and economic needs of the culture. The use of the citadels to control the effects of the wind, sand, and dust in the valley had not been previously considered.
Through the use of theoretical constructions and wind tunnel experiments, it is established that the form of the classic variant of the citadel was developed from a longtime interaction between the man—built environment and the natural environment. The Chimu had designed a courtyard system that reduced stress and discomfort from wind, sand, and dust by means of architectural features that included: the rectilinear citadel plan with the long axis parallel to the prevailing winds; the contiguous courtyards with the long axis in common; the high exterior walls; the high interior transverse walls; and the triangular cross section of the walls. It is demonstrated that these features kept out the blowing sand, reduced the wind speeds at pedestrian level, and kept dust, entrained in the airstream by the anthropogenic activity outside the walls, from entering the enclosures. It is also demonstrated that there is a correlation between the degree of protection afforded in a sector of the citadel and the social, political, and economic activities that took place in that sector.PH. D.
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Robison, Christopher Douglas. "Secure Browser-Based Instant Messaging." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3372.
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Instant messaging is a popular form of communication over the Internet. Statistics show that instant messaging has overtaken email in popularity. Traditionally, instant messaging has consisted of a desktop client communicating with other clients via an instant messaging service provider. However, instant messaging solutions are starting to become available in the web browser–services like Google Talk, Live Messenger and Facebook. Despite the work done by researchers to secure instant messaging networks, little work has been done to secure instant messaging in the browser. We present secure browser-based instant messaging overlays as a means to enable convenient, secure communication in existing browser-based instant messaging interfaces. Additionally, we present a prototype implementation of the secure messaging overlays and the results of two user studies--the first study focusing on user interest in secure chat and the second being a usability study of the prototype.
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Karrels, Daniel Robert. "Internet relay chat services framework GNUWorld /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002000.
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Wu, Ruochen. "Experimental and Modeling of Biomass Char Gasification." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8765.
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This investigation provides a comprehensive experimental dataset and kinetic model for biomass gasification, over a wide temperature range (1150-1350 °Ï¹) in CO2, H2O and the combination of these two reactant gases over the mole fraction ranges of 0 to 0.5 for H2O and 0 to 0.9 for CO2. The data come from a unique experimental facility that tracks continuous mass loss rates for poplar wood, corn stover and switchgrass over the size range of 6-12.5 mm. In addition, the data include char size, shape, surface and internal temperature and discrete measurements of porosity, total surface area, pore size distribution and composition. This investigation also includes several first-ever observations regarding char gasification that probably extend to char reactivity of all types and that are quantified in the model. These include: the effect of ash accumulation on the char surface slowing the apparent reaction rate, changes in particle size, porosity and density as functions of burnout, and reaction kinetics that account for all of these changes. Nonlinear least-squares regression produces optimized power-law model parameters that describe gasification with respect to both CO2 and H2O separately and in combination. A single set of parameters reasonably describes rates for all three chars. Model simulations agree with measured data at all stages of char conversion. This investigation details how ash affects biomass char reactivity, specifically the late-stage burnout. The ash contents ratios in the raw fuels in these experiments are as high as 40:1, providing a clear indication of the ash effect on the char reactivity. The experimental results definitively indicate a decrease in char reaction rate with increasing initial fuel ash content and with increasing char burnout -- most pronounced at high burnout. This investigation postulates that an increase in the fraction of the surface covered by refractory material associated with either higher initial ash contents or increased burnout decreases the surface area available for reaction and thus the observed reaction rate. A quantitative model that includes this effect predicts the observed data at any one condition within the data uncertainty and over a broad range of fuel types, particle sizes, temperatures, and reactant concentrations slightly less accurately than the experimental uncertainty. Surface area, porosity, diameter, and density predictions from standard models do not adequately describe the experimental trends. Total surface area increases slightly with conversion, with most of the increase in the largest pores or channels/vascules not measurable by standard surface area techniques but most of the surface area is in the small pores. Porosity also increases with char conversion except for abrupt changes associated with char and ash collapse at the end of char conversion. Char particle diameters decrease during these kinetically controlled reactions, in part because the reaction is endothermic and therefore proceeds more rapidly at the comparatively warmer char surface. SEM images qualitatively confirm the quantitative measurements and imply that the biomass microstructure does not appreciably change during conversion except for the large pore diameters. Extant char porosity, diameter, surface area, and related models do not predict these trends. This investigation suggests alternative models based on these measurements.
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Luibl, Chad. "Flame and Shadow: Selected Prose by Chad Luibl." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/628.
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The following is a collection of works of fiction set in Kazakhstan during World War II, modern-day Budapest, with one short story taking place in Richmond, Virginia. No characters in this collecting of fiction is meant to depict any real, live person, though some of the settings are real. These works were written between February, 2012, and April, 2014.
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Appiah, Kubi George. "Functionalization of Silica Surface Using Chan-Lam Coupling." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2335.
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The reaction of base-free Chan-Lam coupling was successfully used for functionalization of surface of mesoporous silica gel. Various aromatic, aliphatic, and heterocyclic compounds were immobilized by a copper-catalyzed reaction of corresponding boronic acids with surface amino groups at mild conditions. Obtained functionalized materials were mesoporous although their surface area decreased after immobilization. The reactivity of some surface functional groups was tested in their characteristic reactions.
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Chae, Ki Byung. "Development of the Chae Optimal Supervision Environment Test." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1550154036.
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Warwick, Charles A. "The role of complement component C5a in nociceptive sensitization." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5676.
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The complement system is a principal component of innate immunity. Recent studies have underscored the importance of C5a and other complement components in inflammatory and neuropathic pain, although the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In particular, it is unclear how the complement system communicates with nociceptors and which ion channels and receptors are involved. Here we demonstrate that inflammatory thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant were accompanied by C5a upregulation and were markedly reduced by C5a receptor (C5aR1) knockout (KO) or treatment with the C5aR1 antagonist PMX53. Direct administration of C5a into the mouse hindpaw produced strong thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, an effect that was absent in TRPV1 KO mice, and was blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist AMG9810. Immunohistochemistry of mouse plantar skin showed prominent expression of C5aR1 in macrophages. Additionally, C5a evoked strong Ca2+ mobilization in macrophages. Macrophage depletion in transgenic macrophage Fas-induced apoptosis (MAFIA) mice abolished C5a-dependent thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. Examination of inflammatory mediators following C5a injection revealed a rapid upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF), a mediator known to sensitize TRPV1. Pre-injection of an NGF-neutralizing antibody or Trk inhibitor GNF-5837 prevented C5a-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Notably, NGF-induced thermal hyperalgesia was unaffected by macrophage depletion. Collectively, these results suggest that C5a induces thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia by triggering macrophage-dependent signaling that involves mobilization of NGF and NGF-dependent sensitization of TRPV1. Our findings highlight the importance of macrophage-to-neuron signaling in pain processing and identify C5a, NGF and TRPV1 as key players in this cross-cellular communication.
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Chao, Lei. "Property taxes on agricultural assets." Thesis, Montana State University, 1990. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1990/chao/ChaoL1990.pdf.
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This thesis examines effective property tax rates on agricultural assets in the U.S., and attempts to use two models to explain why differences exist among states. One is the "majority rule voting model", and the other is the "special interest model." The former hypothesizes that political influence will increase with increases in the number of farmers, while the special interest model argues that small size will be more effective in exerting pressures on government because the smaller group is easier to organize and less susceptible to the free rider problem. Also, we analyze how tax differences affect land allocation between agricultural use and nonagricultural use. Some other variables besides group size are also considered to affect tax rates, such as proportion of the property tax base that is agricultural, homogeneity of an interest group and value of assets per farm. Regression analysis is used to determine what effects these factors have on tax rates and on whether a tax penalty must be paid when agricultural land is converted to an alternative use. We find that tax rates are inversely related to the number of farmers and positively related to the number of nonfarmers. The proportion of the tax base that is agricultural appears to have little influence on tax rates, given the numbers of farmers and nonfarmers. There is only weak evidence that tax rates are inversely related to the value of assets per farm. Tax rates are positively related to the homogeneity of the agricultural sector, as measured by the a Herfindahl index of the value of output from 12 sectors. Thus the results are broadly supportive of majority rule voting models, and broadly inconsistent with special interest models.
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Le, Quyet. "A study with a three-step method regarding countries happiness : An analysis with EFA, CFA AND MLR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385880.
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Mathias, James A. "High-Pressure Oxidation Rates for Large Coal and Char Particles." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1996. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8539.
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The main objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the oxidation rate of large (five to eight millimeters in diameter) coal and char particles. To accomplish this, experiments were performed in which the gas temperature, gas velocity, particle size, partial pressure of oxygen, and total pressure were varied. The experiments were performed with the cantilever balance attachment and the high pressure controlled profile reactor.
Approximately 90 combustion experiments were performed with Pittsburgh, Utah Blind Canyon, and Wyodak-Anderson coal. These experiments were performed at atmospheric pressure with air and varied gas temperature, gas velocity, and particle size. Following the experiments performed with coal, approximately 70 experiments were performed with char made from Pittsburgh coal. These experiments varied all the environmental conditions mentioned above as well as partial pressure of oxygen and total pressure.
After the experiments were completed, the data were analyzed and the following conclusions were made. An increase in the partial pressure of oxygen dramatically increased the oxidation rate when the total pressure remained constant. The oxidation rate was only slightly affected when the partial pressure of oxygen was raised by increasing the total pressure. The oxidation rate dramatically decreased when the partial pressure of oxygen was held constant and the total pressure was raised. The oxidation rate noticeably increased when the initial mass of the particle was decreased. The gas temperature and gas velocity did not affect the oxidation rate greatly for the experiments performed with coal. The oxidation rate increased for the experiments performed with char at the high gas temperature and high gas velocity conditions.
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Nemali, Sailasree. "Molecular and functional characterization of bovine C5a receptor." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/nemali/NemaliS0506.pdf.
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Dunks, Gillian. "Reading the field of Canadian poetry in the era of modernity : the Ryerson poetry chap-book series, 1925-1962." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44287.
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From 1925 to 1962, the Ryerson Press published 200 short, artisanally printed books of poetry by emerging and established Canadian authors. Series editor Lorne Pierce introduced the series alongside other nationalistic projects in the 1920s in order to foster the development of an avowedly Canadian literature. Pierce initially included established Confederation poets in the series, such as Charles G.D. Roberts, and popular late-romantic poets Marjorie Pickthall and Audrey Alexandra Brown. In response to shifting literary trends in the 1940s, Pierce also included the work of modernists such as Anne Marriott, Louis Dudek, and Al Purdy.
Following Pierre Bourdieu, I read the Ryerson series as a sub-field of literary production that encapsulates broader trends in the Canadian literary field in the first half of the twentieth century. The struggle between late-romantic and modernist producers to determine literary legitimacy within the series constitutes the history of the field in this period. Pierce’s decision to orient the series towards modernist innovation during the Second World War was due to late romantics’ loss of their dominant cultural position as a result of shifting literary tastes. Modernist poets gained high cultural capital in both the Ryerson series and the broader field of Canadian literary production because of their appeal to an audience of male academics whose approval ensured their legitimacy. Late-romantic poets, by contrast, lost cultural capital due to their inability to captivate an audience of academic “tastemakers” and, in some instances, due to their gender, as editors frequently framed female poets as opposed to emerging modernism to dismiss their work. My examination of Pierce’s editorial policies and the poetry in the series will re-contextualize a now-canonical Canadian modernism in relation to concurrent literary trends and will assert the importance of the chap-book genre for both late-romantic and modernist poets struggling to determine the shape of Canada’s poetry in the early to mid-twentieth century.
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Holland, Daniel L. "Abjection, Telesthesia, and Transnationalism: Incest in Park Chan-wook's Oldboy." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5492.
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Many consider Oldboy be the defining film of the most recent wave of South Korean cinema, with scholars such as Terrence McSweeney and Kim Kyun Hyun arguing the film's representation of South Korean culture through collective memory, trauma, and Westernization. However, most of the current scholarship that surrounds the film does not adequately address the film's prominent theme of incest. My thesis explores the anxious implications of the film's incestuous imagery and reads it as a figure for the film's transnational presence. Specifically, in my project, incest is the nucleus on which I build each argument outward. First through abjection and desire for self and other, onto telesthesia and desire for private and public, then finally, transnationalism and the desire for national and global. These desires we typically take as binaries, but in fact, we experience an anxiety of being simultaneously on both sides of the binary. I argue that attentiveness Oldboy`s representation of the incest taboo brings necessary nuances to the current scholarship that surrounds it: Contemporary South Korean culture cannot be a primary focus, as South Korea has always been entangled within an "other", be it through Colonization, Westernization, or more recently telecommunications. In conclusion, by closely examining the incest taboo in Oldboy, this project sheds light on the simultaneity within the desires of self and other, private and public, and finally, national and global.
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Han, Jinyi. "Kinetic and Morphological Studies of Pd Oxidation in O2-CH4 mixtures." Digital WPI, 2004. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/219.
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The oxidation of Pd single crystals: Pd(111), Pd(100) and Pd(110) was studied using Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), Low Electron Energy Diffraction (LEED) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) as they were subjected to O2 in the pressure range between 1 and 150 Torr at temperatures 600-900 K. The oxygen species formed during oxidation, the oxygen uptake dependence on the sample history, the Pd single crystal surface morphology transformations, and the catalytic methane combustion over Pd single crystals were investigated in detail. The Pd single crystal oxidation proceeded through a three-step mechanism. Namely, (1) oxygen dissociatively adsorbed on Pd surface, forming chemisorbed oxygen and then surface oxide; (2) atomic oxygen diffused through a thin surface oxide layer into Pd metal, forming near surface and bulk oxygen; (3) bulk PdO formed when a critical oxygen concentration was reached in the near surface region. The diffusion of oxygen through thin surface oxide layer into Pd metal decreased in the order: Pd(110)>Pd(100)>Pd(111). The oxygen diffusion coefficient was estimated to be around 10-16 cm2 s-1 at 600 K, with an activation energy of 80 kJ mol-1. Once bulk PdO was formed, the diffusion of oxygen through the bulk oxide layer was the rate-determining step for the palladium oxidation. The diffusion coefficient was equal to 10-18 cm2 s-1 at 600 K and the activation energy was approximately 120 kJ mol-1. The oxygen diffusion through thin surface oxide layer and bulk PdO followed the Mott-Cabrera parabolic diffusion law. The oxygen uptake on Pd single crystals depended on the sample history. The uptake amount increased with the population of the bulk oxygen species, which was achieved by high oxygen exposure at elevated temperatures, for example in 1 Torr O2 at above 820 K. Ar+ sputtering or annealing in vacuum at 1300 K depleted the bulk oxygen. The Pd single crystal surface morphology was determined by the oxidation conditions: O2 pressure, treatment temperature and exposure time. When bulk PdO was formed, the single crystal surface was covered with semi-spherical agglomerates 2-4 nm in size, which tended to aggregate to form a“cauliflower-like" superstructure. The single crystal surface area during oxidation, determined by integrating the STM image, experienced three major expansions in consistent with a three-step oxidation mechanism. The surface area on the oxidized single crystals increased in the order: Pd(110)
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Brown, Avery B. "Development and utilization of a Raman characterization method for Hydrothermal char." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/562.
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Hydrothermal carbonization is a process by which biomass in water is thermochemically converted to a brown activated carbon known as hydrothermal char. As a biomass upgrading process hydrothermal carbonization has several advantages, the process is conducted in liquid water meaning pretreatment in the form of drying is not required. The process is normally conducted in batch reactors at temperatures ranging from 180 to 350°C and reactions of 0.5 to 24 hours. These mild conditions are not energy intensive and allow for the technique to deployed cheaply. The process involves no dangerous solvents or chemicals, and the liquid product has potential applications as a liquid fuel. Hydrothermal carbonization is a cost-effective technology that provides a solution to the growing waste and biomass production of the United States. However, there is a growing interest in the processes potential to produce a material that can be utilized for advanced materials. Hydrothermal chars have been shown to be highly susceptible to post-treatment by acid, temperature and mechanical methods. With a wide variety of potential feedstocks, treatment and post-treatment conditions a deeper understanding of the structure of material and how this structure is impacted by these conditions is needed to allow for its optimal use. Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful tool for elucidating the structure of materials. Specifically, Raman spectroscopy is largely untapped method for the characterization of Hydrothermal chars. Raman spectroscopy is a scattering method that like IR spectroscopy utilizes an incident laser to produce vibrational responses in the molecule being studied. Raman spectroscopy can potentially be used to observe the carbon structure of a molecule. Typically, observations of this structure are conducted using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, which is a relatively slow an expensive technique. Previous use of Raman spectroscopy in the field of hydrothermal carbonization has either underutilized the technique making observations of the presence of carbon or has been mischaracterized incorrectly stating the structure. In this work we have used Density Functional Theory to elucidate the Raman patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as the ones that are the building blocks of hydrothermal chars. As a result of this work we have established a fitting method that explains the origins of Raman bands that are consistent with the structural motifs observed by more expensive techniques. The theoretical method is next deployed to the Raman spectrum of hydrothermal char derived from the treatment of glucose, a common model biomass. It is shown that common Raman spectroscopy methods when applied to hydrothermal char severely change the surface of material. How Raman spectroscopy impacts the surface of hydrothermal chars was studied and methods of mitigating these changes were developed. With a full compliment of theoretical and practical tools at our disposal we then apply these methods in attempt to understand the changes that occur to the structure of glucose based hydrothermal chars as a function of temperature and time.
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Brown, Avery B. "Development and utilization of a Raman characterization method for Hydrothermal char." Digital WPI, 2020. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/618.
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Hydrothermal carbonization is a process by which biomass in water is thermochemically converted to a brown activated carbon known as hydrothermal char. As a biomass upgrading process hydrothermal carbonization has several advantages, the process is conducted in liquid water meaning pretreatment in the form of drying is not required. The process is normally conducted in batch reactors at temperatures ranging from 180 to 350°C and reactions of 0.5 to 24 hours. These mild conditions are not energy intensive and allow for the technique to deployed cheaply. The process involves no dangerous solvents or chemicals, and the liquid product has potential applications as a liquid fuel. Hydrothermal carbonization is a cost-effective technology that provides a solution to the growing waste and biomass production of the United States. However, there is a growing interest in the processes potential to produce a material that can be utilized for advanced materials. Hydrothermal chars have been shown to be highly susceptible to post-treatment by acid, temperature and mechanical methods. With a wide variety of potential feedstocks, treatment and post-treatment conditions a deeper understanding of the structure of material and how this structure is impacted by these conditions is needed to allow for its optimal use. Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful tool for elucidating the structure of materials. Specifically, Raman spectroscopy is largely untapped method for the characterization of Hydrothermal chars. Raman spectroscopy is a scattering method that like IR spectroscopy utilizes an incident laser to produce vibrational responses in the molecule being studied. Raman spectroscopy can potentially be used to observe the carbon structure of a molecule. Typically, observations of this structure are conducted using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, which is a relatively slow an expensive technique. Previous use of Raman spectroscopy in the field of hydrothermal carbonization has either underutilized the technique making observations of the presence of carbon or has been mischaracterized incorrectly stating the structure. In this work we have used Density Functional Theory to elucidate the Raman patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as the ones that are the building blocks of hydrothermal chars. As a result of this work we have established a fitting method that explains the origins of Raman bands that are consistent with the structural motifs observed by more expensive techniques. The theoretical method is next deployed to the Raman spectrum of hydrothermal char derived from the treatment of glucose, a common model biomass. It is shown that common Raman spectroscopy methods when applied to hydrothermal char severely change the surface of material. How Raman spectroscopy impacts the surface of hydrothermal chars was studied and methods of mitigating these changes were developed. With a full compliment of theoretical and practical tools at our disposal we then apply these methods in attempt to understand the changes that occur to the structure of glucose based hydrothermal chars as a function of temperature and time.
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Jambeck, Jenna Romness. "The disposal of CCA-treated wood in simulated landfills potential impacts /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006647.
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Wanyonyi, David Wafula. "Mobile presentations with interactive chat for m-Learning." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5136_1319004472.
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Using presentations in an m-Learning environment enables delivery of rich content to a mobile phone learner. This study investigated how to prepare and stream presentations from a desktop computer to a mobile phone in near-realtime. It also addressed communication between users using interactive text chat in the same environment. Our analysis of text/podcast-based m-Learning applications revealed limited interactivity and lack of diversity in content streamed. To address this, we developed a mobile-based application that uses a task-timer model to synchronize with a server every n units of time to enable near-realtime streaming of presentation slides between mobile and desktop users. The application included text-based instant messenger. Laboratory experiments investigated the use OpenOffice and PowerPoint presentations and techniques used to convert these presentations into mobile phone compatible formats. Experiments were carried out with smart mobile phones running on a third generation cellular network. We employed transaction-logging techniques in addition to automated image analysis techniques to observe and record data. Analysis of the results revealed using presentations enabled more rich content than text-based models such as short message service-based frameworks and podcasts. Although m-Learning is not yet widely adopted, applications such as the one developed in the study offer high hopes for m-Learning because of the use of rich content and interactivity between users.
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Albright, Eric V. B. "Activation energy of Douglas fir char gasification by carbon dioxide." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10312009-020158/.
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Sun, Fangzheng. "Kernel Coherence Encoders." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/252.
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In this thesis, we introduce a novel model based on the idea of autoencoders. Different from a classic autoencoder which reconstructs its own inputs through a neural network, our model is closer to Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (KCCA) and reconstructs input data from another data set, where these two data sets should have some, perhaps non-linear, dependence. Our model extends traditional KCCA in a way that the non-linearity of the data is learned through optimizing a kernel function by a neural network. In one of the novelties of this thesis, we do not optimize our kernel based upon some prediction error metric, as is classical in autoencoders. Rather, we optimize our kernel to maximize the "coherence" of the underlying low-dimensional hidden layers. This idea makes our method faithful to the classic interpretation of linear Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). As far we are aware, our method, which we call a Kernel Coherence Encoder (KCE), is the only extent approach that uses the flexibility of a neural network while maintaining the theoretical properties of classic KCCA. In another one of the novelties of our approach, we leverage a modified version of classic coherence which is far more stable in the presence of high-dimensional data to address computational and robustness issues in the implementation of a coherence based deep learning KCCA.
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Zeng, Dong. "Effects of Pressure on Coal Pyrolysis at High Heating Rates and Char Combustion." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd994.pdf.
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Hernandez-Cartaya, Rebecca A. "Help Me Chat: Eliciting Communicative Acts from Young Children Using Speech-Generating Devices." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2538.
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Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an evidence-based practice targeting the communication deficits of children with complex communication needs (CCN). While young children with communication disorders are attending preschool and using AAC, and specifically speech-generating devices (SGDs), with increasing frequency, best practices for implementation with this population are largely unexplored. In an effort to contribute to the knowledge base for teachers, the essential communication partners for children in the classroom setting, this research explored the interactions of four teacher-child dyads and analyzed the prompts and cues used to elicit communicative acts from the children.
Results of statistical and descriptive analyses revealed that, while teachers overwhelmingly favor and use verbal prompts over other stimuli, these prompts were no more effective in eliciting communicative acts. These results indicate that teachers would benefit from instruction in a variety of techniques for enhancing communication via AAC; future research directions towards this purpose are detailed.
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Ha, Jongbum. "Developing English determiners through Internet chat an experiment with Korean EFL students /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011355.
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SOUZA, Wagner Mcklayton Alves de. "Avaliação In vitro do EHA de Lippia sidoides Cham sobre ovos e larvas de nematódeos gastrintestinais da família Trichostrongylidae de caprinos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5882.
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In vitro was evaluated the activity ovicidal and larvicidal of the extract dry Hidroalcoólico of alecrim pepper (Lippia sidoides Cham) on the development of eggs and larval of third apprenticeship L3 of nematódeos gastrintestinais (family Trichostrongylidae) of goats. The action ovicidal was accomplished through analysis probabilístic of evolution of the egg in its embryonic phases, it was used 50μL of saturated solution of sugar contends 40 buoyant eggs approximately in the extract with concentration of 1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 20mg, 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 150mg/ml, 250mg/ml and 500mg/ml, being appraised in the period of time of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, water distilled in the negative control and febendazole for 33mg/ml as positive control, all three times in a row. The results demonstrated that the concentration of 500mg/ml presented a probability of 2% of happening evolution of the egg of goat gastrointestinal nematodes. This result went superior to all the other tested groups, andsuperior to the group it controls positive. The activity larvicidal was evaluated through tests of efficiency of the extract Hidroalcoólico on buoyant larval of third stadium L3 in aqueous solution of 50μL and being applied on them the extract of alecrim pepper in the concentrations of 1mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 20mg, 50mg/ml, 100mg/ml, 150mg/ml, 250mg/ml and 500mg/ml, evaluated to the period time of 24, 48 and 72 hours, water distilled in the negative control and febendazole for 33mg/mL was used as positive control, being twice repeated. After the exhibition period to the extract the larval were counted and separated among alive and dead larval. The results revealed that again the concentration of 500mg/ml really presented result effective with action of 95,89%, that activity went superior again to all the tested groups, getting to overcome in a lot the group controls positive that in function of activity ovicidal already can it is demonstrating resistance anthelminthic. The crossing of the data of the two studies in vitro can reveal a possible activity anthelminthic of the EHA of Lippia sidoide Cham on gastrointestinal nematodes (family Trichostrongylidae).
Avaliou-se in vitro a atividade ovicida e larvicida do EHA de alecrim pimenta (Lippia sidoides Cham) sobre o desenvolvimento de ovos e larvas de terceiro estágio L3 de nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos (família Trichostrongylidae). A ação ovicida foi realizada através de análise probabilística de evolução do ovo em suas fases embrionária, foi utilizado 50μL de solução saturada de açúcar contendo aproximadamente 40 ovos imersos em diferentes concentrações do EHA (1mg/mL 2mg/mL, 5mg/mL, 10mg/mL, 20mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 100mg/mL, 150mg/mL, 250mg/mL e 500mg/mL), sendo avaliadas no período de tempo de 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 e 72 horas, água destilada no controle negativo e febendazole 33mg/mL como controle positivo, todos em triplicata. Os resultados demonstraram que a concentração de 500mg/ml apresentou uma probabilidade de 2% de ocorrer evolução do ovo de nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos. Este resultado foi superior a todos os outros grupos testados, e superior ao grupo controle positivo. A atividade larvicida foi avaliada através de testes de eficiência do EHA sobre larvas de terceiro estágio L3 imersas em solução aquosa de 50μL e sendo aplicada sobre elas o extrato de alecrim pimenta nas concentrações de 1mg/mL, 2mg/mL, 5mg/mL, 10mg/mL, 20mg/mL, 50mg/mL, 100mg/mL, 150mg/mL, 250mg/mL e 500mg/mL e avaliadas ao período tempo de 24, 48 e 72 horas, foi utilizado água destilada no controle negativo e febendazole 33mg/ml como controle positivo, sendo repetidos mais duas vezes. Após o período de exposição ao EHA as larvas vivas foram contadas e separadas entre mortas. Os resultados revelaram que novamente a concentração de 500mg/ml apresentou resultado realmente efetivo com ação de 95,89%, essa atividade foi novamente superior a todos os grupos testado, conseguindo superar em muito o grupo controle positivo que em função de atividade ovicida já pode está demonstrando resistência anti helmíntica. O cruzamento dos dados dos dois estudos in vitro sugere significante atividade ovicida e larvicida do EHA de Lippia sidoide Cham sobre nematóideos gastrintestinais de caprinos (família Trichostrongylidae).
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Jareczek, Francis Josef. "Mechanistic bases for the adverse interaction of nicotine and chronic pain." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6148.
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The adverse interaction between smoking and chronic pain has been known for decades. A variety of chronic pain conditions – ranging from headache to low back pain to fibromyalgia – markedly exacerbate smoking prevalence and intensity in packs per day among multiple patient populations. In patients seeking pain treatment, the prevalence of smoking approaches 50%, compared to less than 20% in the general population. Perhaps not surprisingly, the relationship is bidirectional: not only does persistent pain increase rates and intensity of smoking, but smoking also appears to exacerbate both the intensity and associated impairment of chronic pain. In fact, smoking appears to place individuals at risk for developing a chronic pain condition and may also facilitate the transition from acute to chronic pain. The growing body of literature documenting these associations has led to the proposition of a positive feedback loop: individuals smoke in part to cope with their pain, but smoking actually worsens the pain. Despite the strong evidence for the existence of this adverse interaction, the mechanisms responsible for it remain poorly understood.
A number of preclinical and clinical studies have documented that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, e.g., nicotine, have analgesic efficacy in the acute pain setting, such as that produced experimentally in the research laboratory or experienced by patients postoperatively. In contrast, the role of nAChR activation in modulating chronic pain is less well characterized. The experiments described in this thesis determine whether persistent pain diminishes the antinociceptive (analgesic) efficacy of an α4β2 nAChR agonist in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a key brainstem pain modulatory nucleus, and subsequently begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which persistent pain elicits this plasticity.
The complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) model of chronic pain was employed to test the hypothesis that persistent inflammatory injury diminishes the antinociceptive efficacy of the selective and potent α4β2 nAChR agonist epibatidine in key brainstem pain modulatory nuclei. Paw withdrawal latency to a noxious heat stimulus was used to evaluate the anti-hyperalgesic and antinociceptive effects of epibatidine microinjected in the RVM or periaqueductal gray (PAG) of male rats. The effects of epibatidine were assessed both in uninjured animals and in animals at different times after intraplantar CFA injection. Interestingly, pretreatment with an α4β2-selective antagonist demonstrated that the antinociceptive effects of epibatidine in naïve rats were mediated by α4β2 nAChRs in the RVM but not in the PAG. While the antinociceptive effects of epibatidine in the RVM were abolished after two weeks of inflammatory pain, the anti-hyperalgesic effects remained unchanged. Surprisingly, epibatidine no longer appeared to be acting primarily at α4β2 nAChRs as early as four hours after injury. Persistent inflammation did not alter the anti-hyperalgesic or antinociceptive effects of epibatidine in the PAG.
Radioligand binding studies were conducted to test the most parsimonious hypothesis that a global reduction in α4β2 nAChR number or binding affinity during persistent injury was in part responsible for the decreased efficacy of epibatidine in the RVM after intraplantar CFA. Saturation binding using [3H]-epibatidine in membrane homogenates prepared from RVM and PAG tissue revealed no differences in receptors between saline- and CFA-treated rats at any time after injury, suggesting that a whole-nucleus reduction in nAChRs could not explain the observed behavioral phenomena.
To query functional changes with greater resolution, whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology was employed to begin assessing the consequences of nAChR activation by nicotine at the level of the neuron. Initial studies performed in the locus coeruleus demonstrated that all neurons responded to nicotine with an inward current that desensitized with continued exposure to the drug. Neurons in the RVM exhibited significantly more heterogeneity in their response to nicotine: desensitizing inward currents were seen in some; sustained outward currents in others; inward currents followed by outward currents in a third population; and still others had no response to nicotine exposure. The sustained outward currents persisted in the presence of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin, were not blocked by an α4β2 nAChR-selective antagonist, and appeared to be mediated by G protein-coupled receptors and potassium channels.
Taken together, the present results demonstrate that persistent inflammatory injury produces adaptive changes in nicotinic signaling in the RVM such that the antinociceptive effects of epibatidine activation are abolished in a time-dependent manner. These changes cannot be attributed to a whole-nucleus reduction in α4β2 nAChRs. However, nicotinic signaling in the RVM is complex, and small alterations in the pre- or postsynaptic actions of nicotine may have significant ramifications for the overall nociceptive sensitivity of an animal. The data presented here suggest that plasticity in nicotinic signaling within the bulbospinal pain modulatory pathways may in part explain the adverse interaction between smoking and chronic pain observed in humans.
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Cummins, Laurel. "Marriage and the City: Fatal Displacement in La Maison du chat-qui-pelote." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4408.
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The following is a meta-commentary of the article, “Marriage and the City: Fatal Displacement in La Maison du chat-qui-pelote,” co-authored by Dr. Anca Mitroi Sprenger and myself, Laurel Cummins. The article will soon be submitted for publication, and this commentary contains an annotated bibliography of all our primary and secondary sources as well as an account of the origin of the argument and the process of writing the article. Our article is based upon an analysis of La Maison du chat-qui-pelote, a story authored by Honoré de Balzac within his seminal collection La Comédie humaine. In the article, we analyze the theme of fatal displacement in La Maison du chat-qui-pelote as an allegory of the repressions of nineteenth-century modernity. The theme is presented through the tumultuous marriage of the bourgeois protagonist, Augustine Guillaume, to the aristocrat artist, Théodore de Sommervieux, and through Augustine's literal movement within the city of Paris that ensues after their marriage (from her home, the Chat-qui-Pelote, to her husband's home, her attempted return to the Chat-qui-Pelote, and her visit to her husband's mistress). We demonstrate that these displacements are not only the source of Augustine's premature death but are emblematic of the perishing past in a post-revolutionary, modern Paris. Our development of this conclusion comes through a close analysis of the principal text itself as well as of the literal and figurative displacements that occur throughout to the main character, Augustine. In studying these displacements, we consider not only the social structures and institutions at the time of the novel but the detailed images of the past that anchor Augustine in traditions that do not let her transition into modernity. We examine the portrayal of marriage in La Maison du chat-qui-pelote as it coincides to the ideals of marriage in pre and post-Revolution periods. We likewise consider the various geographical areas (as pinpointed by specific roads provided by the author) as a way of understanding the historical background and the effect of displacement from various areas of Paris to others. The title of the story (which references the sign outside of the protagonist's house), the Chat-qui-Pelote, also offers rich symbolism that, when deciphered, substantiates our claim that this story goes far beyond an unfortunate marriage caused by class disparity. Instead, Augustine's trajectory in the story, she being the human embodiment and relic of ancient French traditions, alludes to a foundational inability for past ways of French life to survive in modernity.
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Lee, Hsiung Hseng. "A study of SO₂ removal with char from flash carbonization process at Ohio University." Ohio : Ohio University, 1986. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1184012532.
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Alalwan, Hayder Abdulkhaleq Khudhair. "Fundamental insights into chemical looping combustion (CLC): a materials characterization approach to understanding mechanisms and size effects in oxygen carrier performance." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6357.
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This work aims to develop fundamental insights about the underlying surface and bulk chemical processes instrumental to the efficiency of chemical looping combustion (CLC). CLC, which uses a solid-state oxygen carrier (e.g., metal oxides) to drive hydrocarbon combustion, is a promising combustion alternative that minimizes byproduct formation and facilities capture of CO2. In this work, we compare the performance of different transition metal oxides, namely iron, copper, cobalt, manganese, and nickel oxides, as oxygen carriers in CLC using CH4 as the reducing agent. Experiments used a continuous flow reactor across temperatures ranging from 500 to 800 oC and feed flowrates from 12.5 to 250 h-1. In addition to monitoring size-, temperature- and flow rate-dependent performance trends for CH4 conversion to CO2, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the solid-state mechanism of oxygen carrier reduction and the coupled surface chemical and bulk material processes influencing performance. Bulk (XRD) and surface (XPS) analysis reveal that oxygen carrier reduction can be generally represented by two models, the unreacted shrinking core model (USCM) and the nuclei growth model (NNGM). The reduction of some metal oxides can also proceed via a two-stage solid-state mechanism; for example, hematite reduction to magnetite follows USCM, while the subsequent reductions of magnetite to wustite and wustite to iron metal follow NNGM. Furthermore, our results reveal that minimizing the particle size promotes oxygen carrier performance, but only for metal oxides reduced according to the USCM, where metal oxide reduction initiates on the particle surface. In contrast, no benefit of decreasing particle size was observed for materials reduced according to the NNGM because the reaction initiates in the particle bulk, such that a more critical determinant of reactivity may be the available oxygen carrier volume rather than surface area. Beyond these fundamental insights, cycling experiments were also performed to provide more practical information about the effect of oxygen carrier particle size on their long-term performance in CLC applications.
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Wilhite, Matthew Jonathon. "The dharma of obedience: Yunqi Zhuhong's realist interpretation of the Brahma Net Sutra." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1801.
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The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) saw China transition from the medieval to the early modern period. This transition was marked by rampant piracy, a boom in book publishing, and other developments that challenged traditional social and economic habits, thereby forcing China to evolve. Buddhism during the time was similarly stressed, facing government suppression early in the Ming, and facing steeper competition for donations and patronage throughout the dynasty. In response, Ming Buddhism adapted itself to the changing times in numerous ways: the rise of lay societies and an increase in devotional practice being two important examples. One of the most prominent figures of late Ming Buddhism is Yunqi Zhuhong (1535-1615). In 1587 Zhuhong wrote the "Fanwangjing xindipin pusajie yishu fayin," a commentary on the Brahma Net Sutra, which contains a list of ten major and forty-eight minor "bodhisattva precepts" taken by both lay and monastic Buddhists in East Asia. Therefore, Zhuhong's commentary allowed him to interpret the common moral framework of all Buddhists in his local and extended community.
This dissertation offers a translation and analysis of key portions of Zhuhong's commentary on the Brahma Net Sutra in order to understand his philosophy of violence. By unearthing Zhuhong's arguments regarding when killing is or is not acceptable this dissertation aims to begin bringing Chinese philosophies of violence into conversation with western just war thought. Additionally, Zhuhong's philosophy of violence demonstrates what I term "Chan realism," which is an amalgam of moral and political realism. Understanding Zhuhong's philosophy of violence therefore also allows us to better understand the competing religious and political loyalties faced by those living in the late Ming. Lastly, by translating Zhuhong's philosophy of violence and analyzing his realism, this dissertation aims to increase our understanding of the novelty and innovation occurring within Chinese Buddhism during the Ming Dynasty.
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Alselmi, André Luiz. "A palavra arbitrária : estudo e tradução de Fenêtres dormantes et porte sur le toit, de René Char /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91580.
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Orientador: Adalberto Luis VicenteBanca: Gloria Carneiro do Amaral
Banca: Guacira Marcondes Machado Leite
Resumo: René Char (1907-1988) deu início à sua vida literária no momento de uma estreita ligação com o movimento surrealista, no início da década de 30. No entanto, logo o poeta desligou-se do grupo liderado por Breton, engajou-se na Resistência Francesa e trilhou um caminho próprio que o levou a produzir uma poesia única, marcada pela associação de técnicas surrealistas a um certo rigor formal, dois elementos aparentemente opostos, mas cuja união produziu textos de intenso efeito poético. Char deixou uma vasta produção poética, ainda pouco estudada (sobretudo no Brasil), fato que se deve à difícil compreensão da obra do poeta, considerada muito hermética. Entretanto, ela tem despertado cada vez mais o interesse da crítica e, pouco a pouco, vem conquistando o espaço merecido: começa a transpor os limites territoriais e lingüísticos, fazendo-se conhecida e acolhida pelos espíritos agraciados pela receptividade e empenho na decifração de mensagens poéticas. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo da estética de René Char acompanhado da tradução comentada de Fenêtres dormantes et porte sur le toit e da análise das dificuldades encontradas durante a prática tradutória. A análise da obra centra-se no estudo de questões estilísticas, formais, bem como na herança surrealista presente na obra do poeta. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em duas grandes frentes de estudo que deram os subsídios para o trabalho de tradução. A primeira delas centrou-se no estudo de textos sobre teoria da poesia, sobre história literária do século XX e sobre a obra de René Char. A segunda etapa centrou-se no estudo teórico da tradução, possibilitando um aprofundamento das principais questões envolvidas no ato de traduzir tanto no seu aspecto teórico quanto prático.
Abstract: René Char (1907-1988) began his literary life at the time of close liaison with the surrealist movement at the beginning of the 30's. However, once the poet is disconnected from the group led by Breton, engaged in the French Resistance and decided to work by his own, which made him produce a singular poetry, marked by the association of surrealistic techniques and formal traces - two opposite elements, whose mixture produced texts of intense poetic effect. Char left a huge poetic work, yet little studied (especially in Brazil) a fact which is due to the difficulty of understanding his work, considered very hermetic. Neverthless, his work has increasingly aroused the interest of the critical and, little by little, has been conquering the space deserved: it begins to cross the boundaries and language, making itself known and accepted by the spirits given by the receptiveness and commitment to the deciphering of the poetic messages. This research aims at studying the esthetics of René Char by the commented translation of Fenêtres dormantes et porte sur le toit and analysis of the difficulties faced during the translation work. The analysis of this book focuses on the study of the esthetic and formal issues and on the surreal legacy in the poet's work. The survey was developed in two main fronts of study that allowed the translation work. The first one focused on the study of texts on the theory of poetry, literary history in the twentieth century and René Char's work. The second one focused on the translation theory, what made possible a deeper knowledge about the main questions concerned with the translation act, both theoretical and practical. At the end of this work, we not only demonstrate the importance of Char as one of the most significant poets of the twentieth century, but also open the possibility of presenting to the Brazilian reader an author still little known and poorly translated.
Mestre
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Grimm, Gunter E. "Der Dschingis-Chan der Ballade. Gottfried August Bürger zum 200. Geburtstag." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2002. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-09172002-145815/.
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Lee, Choong-Soo. "A Credit-based Home Access Point (CHAP) to Improve Application Quality on IEEE 802.11 Networks." Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/315.
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"Increasing availability of high-speed Internet and wireless access points has allowed home users to connect not only their computers but various other devices to the Internet. Every device running different applications requires unique Quality of Service (QoS). It has been shown that delay- sensitive applications, such as VoIP, remote login and online game sessions, suffer increased latency in the presence of throughput-sensitive applications such as FTP and P2P. Currently, there is no mechanism at the wireless AP to mitigate these effects except explicitly classifying the traffic based on port numbers or host IP addresses. We propose CHAP, a credit-based queue management technique, to eliminate the explicit configuration process and dynamically adjust the priority of all the flows from different devices to match their QoS requirements and wireless conditions to improve application quality in home networks. An analytical model is used to analyze the interaction between flows and credits and resulting queueing delays for packets. CHAP is evaluated using Network Simulator (NS2) under a wide range of conditions against First-In-First- Out (FIFO) and Strict Priority Queue (SPQ) scheduling algorithms. CHAP improves the quality of an online game, a VoIP session, a video streaming session, and a Web browsing activity by 20%, 3%, 93%, and 51%, respectively, compared to FIFO in the presence of an FTP download. CHAP provides these improvements similar to SPQ without an explicit classification of flows and a pre- configured scheduling policy. A Linux implementation of CHAP is used to evaluate its performance in a real residential network against FIFO. CHAP reduces the web response time by up to 85% compared to FIFO in the presence of a bulk file download. Our contributions include an analytic model for the credit-based queue management, simulation, and implementation of CHAP, which provides QoS with minimal configuration at the AP."
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AL, SENAIDI YAQOOB SALIM. "EVALUATION OF THE ENGLISH AND MATHEMATICS COMPONENTSOF THE GENERAL FOUNDATION PROGRAM (GFP): OMANI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ LEARNING SATISFACTION OUTCOMES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent157608179817989.
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Shurtz, Randy C. "Effects of Pressure on the Properties of Coal Char Under Gasification Conditions at High Initial Heating Rates." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2877.
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The effects of elevated pressure and high heating rates on coal pyrolysis and gasification were investigated. A high-pressure flat-flame burner (HPFFB) was designed and built to conduct these studies. The HPFFB was designed to provide an environment with laminar, dispersed entrained flow, with particle heating rates of ~10^5 K/s, pressures of up to 15 atm, and gas temperatures of up to 2000 K. Residence times were varied from 30 to 700 ms in this study. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at particle heating rates of ~10^5 K/s and maximum gas temperatures of ~1700 K at pressures of 1 to 15 atm. A new coal swelling correlation was developed that predicts the effects of heating rate, pressure, and coal rank on the swelling ratio at heating rates above ~10^4 K/s. A coal swelling rank index system based on 13C-NMR chemical structural parameters was devised. The empirical swelling model requires user inputs of the coal ultimate and proximate analyses and the use of a transient particle energy balance to predict the maximum particle heating rate. The swelling model was used to explain differences in previously reported bituminous coal swelling ratios that were measured in facilities with different heating rates. Char gasification studies by CO2 were conducted on a subbituminous coal and 4 bituminous coals in the HPFFB. Pressures of 5, 10, and 15 atmospheres were used with gas compositions of 20, 40, and 90 mole % CO2. Gas conditions with peak temperatures of 1700 K to 2000 K were used, which resulted in char particle temperatures of 1000 K to 1800 K. Three gasification models were developed to fit and analyze the gasification data. A simple 1st-order model was used to show that the measured gasification rates were far below the film-diffusion limit. The other two models, designated CCK and CCKN, were based on three versions of the CBK models. CCKN used an nth-order kinetic mechanism and CCK used a semi-global Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic mechanism. The two CCK models fit the HPFFB gasification data better than the 1st-order model. The fits of the gasification data with CCK and CCKN were comparable to each other. The fit of the data in CCK suggests that Knudsen diffusion may have influenced the gasification rates in the HPFFB experiments. The gasification rate parameters in each of the three models were correlated with coal rank. 13C-NMR parameters were used to estimate a structural parameter of the coal char. Char-CO2 gasification rate coefficients correlated better with this NMR-based char structure index than it did with the carbon and oxygen content of the parent coal.
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Cano, Marlene. "Pharmacological dissection of the actions of the Mu opioid receptor in the Rostroventral medial medulla." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1561.
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Chronic pain is a significant healthcare problem. It is disabling and diminishes quality of life. Opioids, such as morphine, remain a primary pharmacologic management for chronic pain. Opioids act at mu opioid receptors (MOPr) in the rostroventral medial medulla (RVM) to produce their analgesic effect. The RVM is a critical relay in pain inhibitory and facilitatory pathways of pain modulation. Furthermore, chronic inflammatory pain, produced by CFA hindpaw injection, leads to adaptive changes in the RVM that change the balance of these pathways and increase the potency of opioids.
MOPr are known to produce their effects via Gi/o proteins.
Pretreatment of several pain modulatory regions with pertussis toxin (PTX) effectively attenuates the antinociceptive effects of MOPr agonists, such as DAMGO. In the RVM, PTX effectively reduced DAMGO stimulated GTPãS binding in uninjured rats. However, despite their effective inactivation of Gi/o proteins, PTX did not diminish the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO in the RVM of uninjured rats. In contrast, in rats with a chronic inflammatory injury, PTX completely abolished the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO. These results suggest a transition from Gi/o independent to Gi/o dependent mechanisms following CFA treatment. In addition, the anti-hyperalgesic effects of DAMGO were not inhibited by PTX, suggesting that DAMGO produces anti-hyperalgesia and antinociception by different mechanisms.
In the RVM, MOPr are present both postsynaptically and presynaptically. Postsynaptic MOPr are thought to produce antinociception by activating GIRK channels, resulting in hyperpolarization and inhibition of pain facilitatory neurons. Indeed, inhibition of GIRK channels in the RVM, via microinjection of tertiapin-Q, attenuated the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO in uninjured rats, providing the first behavioral evidence that MOPr agonists produce analgesia via this proposed mechanism. Interestingly, however, tertiapin-Q did not block the anti-hyperalgesic effects of DAMGO, nor did it diminish the antinociceptive effects of DAMGO in the contralateral hindpaw of CFA treated rats. Furthermore, these differential effects of tertiapin-Q in the uninjured and injured rats are not the result of transcriptional down regulation of GIRK channels in the RVM. Finally, tertiapin-Q alone in the RVM produced a modest antinociception in uninjured rats, providing the first evidence of constitutive GIRK channel activity in the RVM and demonstrating a role for these in pain modulation.
Presynaptic MOPr are thought to produce antinociception by decreasing GABA release onto pain inhibitory neurons. Indeed, microdialysis studies demonstrated that levels of GABA release were decreased in response to DAMGO perfused into the RVM, as well as to high potassium after perfusion of DAMGO. However, they were not decreased in rats after CFA treatment. This suggests that chronic inflammatory injury alters the presynaptic actions of MOPr agonists in the RVM. Interestingly, levels of GLU release where not altered by DAMGO in uninjured or injured rats. Moreover, basal levels of GLU and GABA were also unaltered by CFA treatment.
In conclusion, although MOPr mediate their antinociceptive effects in other pain modulatory regions via Gi/o proteins, this is not the case in the RVM during an uninjured state. However, MOPr-induced antinociception transitions from Gi/o independent to Gi/o dependent mechanisms after CFA treatment. Additionally, these results support both the presynaptic and the postsynaptic postulates by which MOPr agonists are thought to produce their analgesic effects. However, although CFA treatment alters the activity of neurons in the RVM and promotes changes that result in an enhanced anti-hyperalgesic and antinociceptive response to DAMGO in the RVM, neither the postsynaptic nor the presynaptic mechanism, in isolation, seem to account for this enhancement.
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Dubbs, Lindsay L. Whalen Stephen Charles. "Persistence and potential causes of reduced net CH4 consumption under elevated CO2 in a temperate forest." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2859.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 4, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering." Discipline: Environmental Sciences and Engineering; Department/School: Public Health.
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Luo, Lili Pomerantz Jeffrey. "Towards sustaining professional development identification of essential competencies and effective training techniques for chat reference services /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1138.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Information and Library Science." Discipline: Information and Library Science; Department/School: Information and Library Science, School of.
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Alselmi, André Luiz [UNESP]. "A palavra arbitrária: estudo e tradução de Fenêtres dormantes et porte sur le toit, de René Char." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91580.
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René Char (1907-1988) deu início à sua vida literária no momento de uma estreita ligação com o movimento surrealista, no início da década de 30. No entanto, logo o poeta desligou-se do grupo liderado por Breton, engajou-se na Resistência Francesa e trilhou um caminho próprio que o levou a produzir uma poesia única, marcada pela associação de técnicas surrealistas a um certo rigor formal, dois elementos aparentemente opostos, mas cuja união produziu textos de intenso efeito poético. Char deixou uma vasta produção poética, ainda pouco estudada (sobretudo no Brasil), fato que se deve à difícil compreensão da obra do poeta, considerada muito hermética. Entretanto, ela tem despertado cada vez mais o interesse da crítica e, pouco a pouco, vem conquistando o espaço merecido: começa a transpor os limites territoriais e lingüísticos, fazendo-se conhecida e acolhida pelos espíritos agraciados pela receptividade e empenho na decifração de mensagens poéticas. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo da estética de René Char acompanhado da tradução comentada de Fenêtres dormantes et porte sur le toit e da análise das dificuldades encontradas durante a prática tradutória. A análise da obra centra-se no estudo de questões estilísticas, formais, bem como na herança surrealista presente na obra do poeta. A pesquisa desenvolveu-se em duas grandes frentes de estudo que deram os subsídios para o trabalho de tradução. A primeira delas centrou-se no estudo de textos sobre teoria da poesia, sobre história literária do século XX e sobre a obra de René Char. A segunda etapa centrou-se no estudo teórico da tradução, possibilitando um aprofundamento das principais questões envolvidas no ato de traduzir tanto no seu aspecto teórico quanto prático.
René Char (1907-1988) began his literary life at the time of close liaison with the surrealist movement at the beginning of the 30’s. However, once the poet is disconnected from the group led by Breton, engaged in the French Resistance and decided to work by his own, which made him produce a singular poetry, marked by the association of surrealistic techniques and formal traces – two opposite elements, whose mixture produced texts of intense poetic effect. Char left a huge poetic work, yet little studied (especially in Brazil) a fact which is due to the difficulty of understanding his work, considered very hermetic. Neverthless, his work has increasingly aroused the interest of the critical and, little by little, has been conquering the space deserved: it begins to cross the boundaries and language, making itself known and accepted by the spirits given by the receptiveness and commitment to the deciphering of the poetic messages. This research aims at studying the esthetics of René Char by the commented translation of Fenêtres dormantes et porte sur le toit and analysis of the difficulties faced during the translation work. The analysis of this book focuses on the study of the esthetic and formal issues and on the surreal legacy in the poet’s work. The survey was developed in two main fronts of study that allowed the translation work. The first one focused on the study of texts on the theory of poetry, literary history in the twentieth century and René Char’s work. The second one focused on the translation theory, what made possible a deeper knowledge about the main questions concerned with the translation act, both theoretical and practical. At the end of this work, we not only demonstrate the importance of Char as one of the most significant poets of the twentieth century, but also open the possibility of presenting to the Brazilian reader an author still little known and poorly translated.
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Du, Plessis A. S. "Travel information exchanges in a computer-mediated environment analysis of the Africa category on the departure lounge branch of the thorn tree /." Pretoria [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182006-154835.
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Dubey, Brajesh Kumar. "Comparison of environmental impacts of wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA)and three different arsenic-free preservatives." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013092.
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Rice, Homer J. "Before the Storm: Evacuation Intention and Audience Segmentation." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3604.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the predictors of evacuation intention among coastal residents in the State of Florida and to determine if there are meaningful segments of the population who intend to evacuate when told to do so by governmental officials because of a major hurricane. In the America’s and the Caribbean, 75,000 deaths have been attributed to hurricanes in the 20 th century. A well planned evacuation can reduce injury and death, yet many people do not have an evacuation plan and do not intend to evacuate when told to do so. The study used secondary data from the Harvard School of Public Health, Hurricane in High Risk Areas study, a random sample of 5,046 non-institutionalized persons age 18 and older in coastal counties of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Florida. Surveys for the State of Florida were segregated and used in this analysis, resulting in a study sample of 1,006 surveys from 42 counties. When asked if they would evacuate in the future if told to by government officials, 59.1% of Floridians surveyed said they would leave, 35.2% said they would not leave and 5.6% said it would depend. In Florida, 65.7% of the population had been threatened or hit by a major hurricane in the last three years and 26.6% of those had left their homes because of the hurricane. Of those whose
communities were threatened by a hurricane, 83.3% of the communities were damaged and 33.8% experienced major flooding associated with the hurricane. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression were used to explore the interactions of predictors and evacuation intention. The best predictor of evacuation intention was prior evacuation from a hurricane (chi-square= 45.48, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.266). Significant relationships were also demonstrated between evacuation intention and worry a future hurricane would hit the community (chi-square = 22.75, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.11), the presence of pets (chi-square = 6.57, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.084), concern the home would be damaged (chi-square = 19.41, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.10), belief the home would withstand a major hurricane (chi-square = 19.55, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.10), length of time in the community (chi-square = 26.59, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.12), having children in the household (chi-square = 11.13, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.11), having a generator (chi-square = 17.12, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.13), age (chi-square = 24, p < .01, Cramer’s V = 0.16) and race (chi-square = 12.21, p = .02, Cramer’s V = 0.12). Logistic regression of the predictors of evacuation intention resulted in significant relationships with previous evacuation experience (OR = 4.99, p < .001), age 30 to 49 compared to age over 65 (OR = 2.776, p < .01), the presence of a generator (OR = .447, p < .01), having a home not very likely to be damaged compared to a home very likely to be damaged (OR =.444, p = .018), and experiencing poor prior government and voluntary agency response to previous hurricanes compared to excellent response (OR = .386, p < .027). Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) was used to identify segments of the
population most likely and least likely to evacuate when told to do so. Those most likely to evacuate had evacuated due to a previous hurricane. Those least likely to evacuate when told to do so had not evacuated in a previous storm, do not own a generator and are over the age of 65. Information from this study can be used in planning for evacuation response by governmental entities. Available demographic information can be used to determine numbers of persons likely to evacuate before a storm. The results of this study can be used to inform a marketing strategy by government officials to encourage evacuation among those who say they would not evacuate when told to do so. Further research is needed to determine additional characteristics of the populations who say they will and will not evacuate when told to do so.
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Sathyamurthi, Vijaykumar. "Pool boiling studies on nanotextured surfaces under highly subcooled conditions." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1155.
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Gervasoni, James Edmund Jr. "Degradation of Human Anaphylatoxin C3a by Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells: A Role for the Secretory Granule Enzyme Chymase and Heparin Proteoglycan." VCU Scholars Compass, 1986. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4623.
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Purified human C3a was iodinated (125I-C3a) and used to study the interaction of labeled peptide with rat peritoneal mast cells (RMC). Cellular binding of 125I-C3a occurred within 30 sec, followed by a rapid dissociation from the cell. Both the binding of 125I-C3a and the rate of dissociation from the cell were temperature dependent. At 0°C, the binding of 125I-C3a was increased and the rate of dissociation reduced, as compared to 37°C. Once 125I-C3a was exposed to RMC, it lost the ability to rebind to a second batch of RMC. Analysis of the supernatants by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation and electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels (SDS PAGE) revealed a decrease in the fraction of 125I precipitable by TCA and the appearance of 125I-C3a cleavage fragments. Pretreatment of RMC with enzyme inhibitors specific for chymotrypsin, but not trypsin, abrogated the degradation of 125I-C3a. Treatment of RMC bearing 125I-C3a with Bis (sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3) covalently crosslinked the 125I-C3a to chymase, the predominant enzyme found in the secretory granules. Antiserum directed against chymase precipitated 125I-C3a from extracts of RMC treated with BS3. Indirect immunofluorescence of RMC using the 1gG fraction of goat anti-rat chymase showed that chymase is present on the surface of unstimulated cells. Neither purified chymase nor heparin proteoglycan alone had any appreciable effect on 125I-C3a, but together they resulted in prompt degradation of the 125I-C3a. Immunoabsorption of RMC sonicates with specific antibody for chymase completely abrogated the ability of these sonicates to degrade 125I-C3a. Intact RMC were pretreated with serine esterase inhibitors prior to 125I-C3a and BS3 exposure. The cells to which 125I-C3a had been crosslinked to were solublized and analyzed by SDS PAGE and autoradiography. There were three bands visualized, a 35,000 dalton band which was defined as chymase, and two undefined 45,000 and 55,000 dalton bands. The results indicate that 125I-C3a binds to RMC and is promptly degraded by chymase in the presence of heparin proteoglycan. In addition, this proteolysis of 125I-C3a by chymase must be blocked in order to detect plasma membrane C3a binding components on RMC.
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Clarida, Jill Courtney. "Substance Abuse and Psychosocial Factors in the Hepatitis C Population: Identifying Risk Factors in Disease Severity and Quality of Life." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1531.
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Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the United States. Research has focused on contributing factors to the development and progression of liver disease, but few studies have considered nicotine use as a potential prognostic factor with CHC. Research has commonly found that CHC patients report with a diminished quality of life. Several factors have been proposed to account for a decrease in QOL; however, the mechanisms underlying the impairment in QOL have not yet been elicited. 76 CHC patients completed self-report measures on a variety of psychosocial variables and biochemical data for determining the patient's liver disease severity was obtained. The findings revealed strong support for the deleterious effects of smoking cigarettes on liver disease symptomatology and its progression. Smokers endorsed experiencing significantly more severe symptoms of fatigue, poor appetite, and headaches. The CHC smokers tended to present with higher scores on the Aspartate Arninotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). The smokers' mean score is above the cut-off value of 1.50 that indicates a .88 predictive value for the presence of hepatic fibrosis. The level of cigarette consumption could also be a factor in the progression of liver disease. Individuals smoking more than one pack per day tended to report more severe symptoms of fatigue and a poorer appetite. Heavy smokers presented with an APRI mean score above the cut-off value of 2.00 that indicates a .93 negative predictive value for the presence of cirrhosis below the cut-off value.General active coping moderated the relationship between liver disease severity and QOL. The results revealed that patients using more avoidant coping reported lower levels of QOL on the physical and mental component of the SF-36. Tobacco use moderated the relationship between liver disease severity and QOL. Interestingly, smokers reported a higher level of QOL compared to nonsmokers when experiencing more severe liver disease. CHC patients with higher levels of psychological distress reported lower QOL on both physical and mental functioning. Individuals smoking marijuana also tended to report lower levels of QOL on mental functioning. Information garnered from this study is aimed to help slow the progression of advanced liver disease in CHC patients in addition to improving their QOL.
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Misra, Anadi. "Evaluation of sorbent technology to prevent heavy metal emission and leaching from combustion of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0014900.
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Uribeetxebarria, Alonso de Armiño Asier. "Assessing soil and canopy spatial variability in fruit orchards to improve management and sampling by using auxiliary information provided by proximal and remote sensors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666921.
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Aquesta Tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en l’estudi de la variabilitat espacial present en parcel•les fructícoles de la zona central de la Vall de l’Ebre. En una primera part, i amb l’objectiu d’obtenir zones de maneig diferenciat, la variabilitat del sòl i el vigor dels presseguers (Prunus pèrsica (L.) Stokes) foren analitzats. En una segona part, la informació auxiliar aportada per diferents sensors fou utilitzada per estimar paràmetres quantitatius (kg/arbre) i qualitatius (fermesa i índex refractomètric) mitjançant tècniques de mostreig avançades (mostreig estratificat (StRS) i el ranked set sampling (RSS)).
Les dades utilitzades durant la Tesi foren recopilades en2 parcel•les agrícoles en el decurs de 2 campanyes, 2015 i 2016 en dos. A més dels mostreigs de camp, ambdues parcel•les van ser caracteritzades mitjançant diferents sensors (propers i remots) emprats en Agricultura de Precisió. El nou procediment desenvolupat possibilita delimitar zones de maneig basades en el NDVI i CEA que permeten realitzar la gestió diferenciada dels cultius. A més, s'ha demostrat que tant el STRS com l'RSS són més eficients que el mostreig aleatori simple (SRS).Esta Tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio de la variabilidad espacial presente en parcelas frutícolas de la zona central del Valle del Ebro. En un primera parte, y con el fin de obtener zonas de manejo diferenciado, la variabilidad del suelo y el vigor de los melocotoneros (Prunus pérsica (L.) Stokes) fueron analizados. En una segunda parte, la información auxiliar aportada por diferentes sensores fue utilizada para estimar parámetros cuantitativos (kg/árbol) y cualitativos) de los melocotoneros mediante técnicas de muestreo avanzadas (muestreo estratificado (StRS) y ranked set sampling (RRS)). Los datos utilizados durante la tesis fueron recopilados en 2 parcelas agrícolas durante el transcurso de 2 campañas, 2015 y 2016. Además de los muestreos de campo, ambas parcelas fueron caracterizadas mediante sensores (próximos y remotos) empleados en Agricultura de Precisión. El nuevo procedimiento desarrollado posibilita delimitar zonas de manejo basadas en el NDVI y CEa que permiten realizar la gestión diferenciada de los cultivos. Además, se ha demostrado que tanto el StRS como el RSS son más eficientes que el muestreo aleatorio simple (SRS)
The aim of the present Thesis is the analysis of spatial variability in fruit orchards of the central area of the Ebro Valley. In the first part, soil variability and peach trees (Prunus pérsica (L.) vigour were analysed with the objective to obtain differentiated management areas. In the second part, auxiliary information provided by different type of sensors was used to estimate quantitative (kg/tree) and qualitative parameters (fruit firmness and refractometric index) by using advanced sampling techniques (stratified sampling (StRS) and ranked set sampling (RSS)). During this Thesis, data corresponding to two agricultural campaigns (2015, 2016) were collected in two peach orchards. Moreover, to field sampling, both plots were characterized by different sensors (contact and remote) employed in Precision Agriculture. The information provides by NDVI and ECa, together with the new procedure developed makes it possible to delimit management areas that allow site-specific crop management. In addition, it has been shown that both StRS and RSS are more efficient than simple random sampling (SRS).