Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Et l'Europe de l'Est'
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Pintilescu, Elena-Carmen. "Gouvernement et financement des entreprises dans les pays de l'Europe de l'Est." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT4002.
Full textLee, Kie-Young. "Concurrence et complémentarité entre la Corée du Sud et l'Europe de l'Est." Grenoble 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE21055.
Full textWüstefeld, Andreas. "Méthodes et applications des ondes des cisaillement : Le Craton de l'Europe de l'Est." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20081.
Full textMorar, Cristina. "Reconnaissance des minorités nationales et reconfiguration démocratique : les cas de l'Espagne et de l'Europe centrale et orientale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18530.
Full textTuan, Daniele. "Est ? Est ?? Est ??? : Récits de voyage dans les anciens pays de l'Europe de l'Est (1989-)." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0013.
Full textThe end of communism and the fall of the Berlin wall have drawn attention to the ancient countries of Eastern Europe. This geo-critical research aims at studying and understanding perceptions of this part of European continent from few travelling writers. These ones, as Rory MacLean with Stalin’s Nose (1992), Jason Goodwin with On Foot to the Golden Horn (1993), François Maspero with Balkans-Transit (1997), Wolfgang Büscher with Berlin-Moskau. Eine Reise zu Fuß (2004), Andrzej Stasiuk with Sur la route de Babadag (2004), Marco Belpoliti with La prova (2007) and Paolo Rumiz with Trans Europa Express (2012) did, have crossed this part of Europe, in one way or another, after the fall of the Berlin Wall. In a traditional view, this space was used to be associated with the cold war and communism. Today, it seems to be vague, unclear, ambiguous and uncertain; a space shared between post-communism and ultra-liberalism, between early and post-modernism, between the known and the unknown. In other words, Eastern Europe has become an exotic borders’ space
Semenescu, Danut. "Apparition des formes urbaines : institutions symboliques et structures matérielles au Sud-est de l'Europe." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010510.
Full textAxelova, Eleonora. "Les nouveaux comportements des consommateurs de l'Europe de l'Est face aux changements de l'offre marketing et de l'environnement : Application au cas de la Bulgarie." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090018.
Full textNovokmet, Filip. "Entre communisme et capitalisme Essais sur l’évolution des inégalités de revenus et de patrimoines en Europe de l’Est 1890-2015 (République Tchèque, Pologne, Bulgarie, Croatie, Slovénie, Russie)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0162/document.
Full textThis dissertation studies the evolution of income and wealth inequality in former communist countries in Eastern Europe from the nineteenth century up to the present. It brings together chapters that explore the historical inequality trends in six different countries: the Czech Republic, Poland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Slovenia and Russia. We construct novel datasets that allow detailed analysis of inequality trends, providing at the same time broad historical and international perspective
Condé, Médina Rosa Maria. "L' expansion internationale des firmes originaires des pays émergents : Une étude empirique couvrant l'Amérique latine, l'Asie et l'Europe de l'Est." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHEC0086.
Full textZaam, Houria. "Les relations commerciales du Maroc avec l'ex-URSS et les pays socialistes de l'Europe avant et après 1989-1990." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0041.
Full textLorenzi, Isabelle. "Les privatisations en Europe de l'est : étude comparative des privatisations (ex-RDA, la Bulgarie, la Hongrie, la Pologne, la République tchèque, la Roumanie, la Russie et l'Europe de l'Ouest)." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0066.
Full textFarolfi, Stefano. "Dynamique de la disponibilité et de la consommation alimentaire dans les pays de l'Europe de l'Est : le cas de la Pologne /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366599347.
Full textCIHEAM-IAMM = Centre international de hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes-Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier. Résumé en français. Bibliogr. p. 131-137.
Mima, Silvana. "Diffusion de la maîtrise de l'énergie dans les pays de l'Europe de l'Est : le cas de l'Albanie, de la Bulgarie, et de la Roumanie." Grenoble 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE21012.
Full textThe problem of improving energy efficiency in the central and eastern european countries is an very important and difficult one. It is important because of the huge potential of energy conservation existing in these countries, that makes efficiency improvements crucial for bridging the gap between energy supply and demand in the region and for reducing environmental impacts. It is a difficult issue because of traditional barriers to financing energy efficiency projects, because of lacl of capital in these countries and because of their specific economic environment. Firstly the thesis review more recent theoretical developments of neo-institutionalistes dynamics giving a view over the optimal level of enekrgy efficiency and the complementarity of the role of the governments and markets for a genuine energy management policy. This thesis provides also an overview of the principal barriers for different actors concerned by energy efficiency : enterprises, households, governments, domestic banks, international finacial institutions. It then discuss a range of possibilities for the governements, international financial institutions and utilities to alleviate them in the case of albanie, bulgarie and romania. International institutions and governements are locking at joint financing schemes bringing together different actors concerned by energy efficiency as a new opportunity of promoting energy efficiency. A range of proper financial schemes such as third party financing, "revolving funds" that package efficiency schemes together to achive sufficient critical mass to meet banks'lending criteria, incorporating finance for energy efficiency into existing supply-sdie utility loans and constraint them to provide cost-effective demand-side solutions, etc. . . , must be further expanded throughout the region
Chalikia, Martha. "Corps, art et société : l'identité féminine dans l'art contemporain russe avant et après la chute du mur de Berlin et ses répercussions dans les autres pays orthodoxes de l'Europe de l'Est." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010704.
Full textBen, Arfa Nabil. "Mécanismes de propagation et politiques de gestion des chocs exogènes dans les petites économies ouvertes : étude de cas de la France et de quelques pays du Centre et de l'Est de l'Europe." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0023.
Full textThe concept of fluctuations resulting from the interaction of endogenous dynamic of an economic system and exogenous impulses occupies an important place in the analysis of economic disturbances. It is within this framework of analysis in terms of impulse and propagation mechanisms that our research work takes place. We proposed throughout this thesis, empirical exercises (SVAR models, DSGE models) whose objective is to identify the nature of shocks which caused economic fluctuations in small open economies -France and the Central and Eastern European countries candidates to membership-, to check the mechanisms of their propagation and to underline the principal recommendations as regards to economic policies. The results raised from empirical application relating to the French economy reveal a rather serious vulnerability to domestic shocks with a prevalence of supply shocks. Nevertheless, and in spite of the mitigated role of external shocks, the French economy remains sensitive to international disturbances in particular those relating to prices of imported energies. Concerning the small economies of Central and Eastern Europe, the results of our investigations show that joining the E. M. U is not yet possible. Indeed, exercises of identification of the nature of shocks to which these countries are exposed lead us to think that they are rather asymmetric and that business cycles of the majority of countries sample are rather divergent from those of euro area. The considerable efforts on adaptation of their policies with those of E. M. U are unfortunately insufficient
Zaïdi, Hassan al. "Les relations internationales des pays arabes avec les pays de l'Europe de l'Ouest, de l'Est et les puissances régionales moyen-orientales depuis la première guerre mondiale jusqu'à nos jours." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010608.
Full textThe principal idea of my thesis is that, all the states which we call now "the Arab states" were before Islam under the influence of the regional powers, (Persia and Byzance). The rise of Islam was an important factor to obtain their independence and political unity. They have conquered several peoples in Asia, in Africa, where the Islam became strong, and several territories in the west of Europe. During the domination of the ottoman empire on the majority of the Arab states, by the name of Islam, from 1516 to 1918, long and heavy period, the west entered also in Arab countries (colonial period). Now 21 Arab independents states exist but all of them are continuing to depend of the military and technologic powers
Matei, Iuliana. "Rattachement de petites monnaies à l'euro." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140522.
Full textMitrache, Marius-Mircea. "L'enjeu de l'Europe Centrale-Orientale pour la diplomatie française sous François Mitterand, dans le contexte de la question allemande." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0096.
Full textFrançois Mitterrand loved history, and history definitely loved Mitterrand, and because of this maybe it is not by chance that he governed the destinies of France at a great turning point in European history. If the German historian Tilo Schabert called him ”le président-philoshophe”, then one might ask what has been the response in front of the Sphynx of History in 1989. Was he for or against the reunification of Germany? Indeed, the status quo of the Cold War and the existence of two Germanys in the heart of Europe suited perfectly for France. The writer François Mauriac famously once said:”I love Germany so much that I want to have two.” A divided Germany has enabled France to consolidate the leadership of West European. With active participation in European integration, a special relationship with Moscow, with its popularity among the Eastern European capitals, and its independence in NATO, France seemed to have everything it takes to be the first power of the Western Europe. To understand it, the diplomacy of Mitterrand must be seen in the context of a changing world, where the status quo was challenged. Starting from this premises we can understand his diplomatic tour in the capitals of the East, the project for the Maastricht Treaty ( with its historic stake - the adoption of a single currency), the ratification of 2+4 treaty consenting to the reunification of Germany, his support for Gorbachev and finally his project for a major pan- European confederation on the mold of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe , echoing the ambition of Charles de Gaulle to build a Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals. In this maze of events the common thread was Mitterrand's a clear insight of the consequences the will follow the reunification. Those who understand everything before others will always be misunderstood by the majority. Mitterrand knew that Germany was a country at risk, especially for the French hegemony and then to European construction, the great European project started since 1945. It is the goal of our research to show the source and the form of Mitterrand's foreign policy toward East Central Europe in the context of the German question, towards a region that once again will become for France a geographic mental map. Mitterrand's diplomatic approach finds itself at a crossroads between a Gaullist approach, a realist one, and the one pursued by Pompidou and Giscard d'Estaing, a constructivist approach. Only through the grid of a realistic - constructivist analysis one can decipher the milestones of its foreign policy regarding the German reunification (2 +4 Treaty in September 1990), the European integration (the stake European Council in Strasbourg in1989) and finally East-Central Europe's post-communist architecture (through project of the pan European confederation he unveiled on 31 December 1989). Only in this way we can understand Mitterrand's desire to accelerate the integration of the European community, the need to find a framework for the peaceful reunification of Germany by anchoring it its Western commitments, and at the same time avoiding the disintegration of East-Central Europe
Madrane, Ahmed. "La fiscalité des pays de l'Europe de l'Est." Montpellier 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON10034.
Full textEarly marx and engels put aside taxation as measures better able to perfect socialism than dealing with a function in accessing to power. Since the russian revolution of october 1917, taxation was used by socialists, principally when socialist enterprises were concerned. Such taxation -usually called taxation on the economyrepresents more than 60% of all budgetary receipts and almost 90% of fiscal revenue. Like in liberal countries, we can find a turnover tax, a profit and enterprise's funds levies (capital or salaries). However, the originality lies in the application of these taxes. More, socialist countries have a disguised form of a generalised urtholding at source system. Fiscal contestation by population in fact very limited because the lacking of interest to act. According to the new economic mechanisms, started at the end of the seventies, the wage tax is paid by enterprises in some countries from that's time, the socialist states are looking for a just way between a tax satisfying for the budget and effective in the enterprises management, by the intermediate of a very complex economic calculation. Meanwhile, sectorial experiences are blocked by a too heavy bureaucracy, that same staff that doesn't lease denouncing the irresponsible practices that stop the fully development of socialist enterprises
Goulène, Alain. "La Joint Venture, une technique juridique de coopération avec l'Europe de l'Est : l'exemple roumain." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0021.
Full textThe international joint venture is the best legal device to point out the movement toward a transnational trend of the law. This operation sets up a legal entily, controlled by two or several partners bound together bw deep mutual trust. As a legal entity, joint ventures may have any corporate shape provided for by national law. The corporation, as an insturment, is governed by corporation law, that is only national law. On the other hand, as the legal ties which are set up between parners are affected through international agreements, the latter are submitted to any legal system chosen by the parties and are also characterized by the parties'wide freedom. Joint venture therefore include a twofold resulting from linked on the one hand to national corporation law and and the other hand to international agreements. This aspect can be found in any joint venture, specially those set up in eastem european countries, which are said to be countries in transition. Rumania is the most significant illustration to this political, economical and legal transition. Indeed, on the one side, because thue joint venture is a corposation under national law, ot enables the state's economic intervention through enactment of corporation law. This intervention is more significant when the rumanian partner is itself controlled by the state, which is the most frequent case today. On the other side, it will be possible to limit the effects of national public policy with the internationalizing of the operation. This internationalizing is done troblic policy with the internationalizing of the operation. This internationalizing
Andrianasoloarijaona, Serge. "Nietzsche et l'Europe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10116.
Full textThe main theme of this work is that of the “political” aspects of Nietzsche’s philosophy, particularly in terms of its European dimension and the issues at stake. The aim here is not to label Nietzsche as a political philosopher or his philosophy as political philosophy in the academic sense of the term. Rather, the aim is to show, through his philosophy of meaning and value, and his genealogical method, the approaches adopted and proposals made by this philosopher and his “hammer”, as a means of eradicating nihilism in order to work towards “greater politics” and thus encourage the arrival of a “new European” in a “new Europe”. This Europe of which Nietzsche spoke had nothing in common with what is generally perceived as being the West. His Europe, and its Europeans, do not really exist, and, from a geographical and geopolitical point of view, have no easily identifiable borders. In this work, we underline the restrictions of secularisation, and other aspects that go beyond nationalism, which is in itself a concept that goes beyond that of nihilism. It may be said that Nietzsche had the most acerbic contempt for European illusions, showing – and hoping to thus eradicate – the fiction of a “non-contradictory” Europe, a Europe that is blandly conciliatory but also both individualistic and demanding of equal rights. Such behaviour was denounced by Nietzsche because this wind of change, polluted by nationalism and mercantile industrial power to the detriment of vital creation, can only end in catastrophe, suffocating and preventing the resurgence or appearance of the individual creator, the artist. Values have thus already been adopted in a negative, unhealthy sense and denigrating life in this way is not indifferent from a political point of view. It is not a question of simplistic vitalism. Modern Western man is the result of this history. And this history is the result of the inverted “hominisation” produced by the herd effect, and which is also a sort of programmed dehumanisation. The cure for this ill is Dionysus, the Greek god who was the hero that conquered European centricity and chauvinism. It should be stressed that this project, which consists in criticising egalitarianism as a form of “domestication”, favours a return to the text, and not “conceptual construction”. This theme has also been studied by other authors, such as Patrick Wotling, Paolo D’Iorio, Giuliano Campioni, Wolfgang Müller-Lauter and Peter Sloterdijk, to name but a few.To avoid any confusion, and despite the section on the “characteristics of the philosophy of meaning and values” which will identify the “greater politics”, we would like to stress the following points: first of all, the departure from Schopenhauer’s will to live, followed by an evaluation of the transcendence of instinct which shows that Nietzsche moved away from the level of furious irrationalism and, finally, the form taken by the refusal of Darwinism. It is thus possible to speak of a desire for power which is no longer reduced to being a volitional category, but which has become motivated (for example, physical and military oppression, or the accumulation of capital).Nietzsche’s reconquest of values needs to be approached within a context that is better understood, starting with a re-evaluation of our own. This recalls Sloterdijk’s Rules for the Human Zoo, written in response to Heidegger, but which is merely an extension of the domestication/breeding opposition (Zähmung/Züchtung) that Nietzsche conceptualised in favour of what would make “good Europeans”.It is thus that we can understand that the “political” stakes are, in reality, civilisation choices (Kultur), which require a purely anthropological conception of man. Only the metaphysics of culture can thus make it possible to go beyond European nihilism and its many eco-theo-logical versions
Pautot, Michel. "Le sport et l'Europe." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0057.
Full textJaafri, Hafid. "José Marti et l'Europe." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT5018.
Full textThis study deab with the relationship between the hispano-americans and the europeans based on the fascination that the culture, the way of life and the literary or philosophical patterns of west exert on the elite of the new continent. This can be partly explained by the desire to be integrated into the wide movement of progress and modernity which characterizes the last years of the nineteenth century. This behaviour induces the american intellectuals to consider their own culture as inferior and to take as an example the european culture, dominant at that time. This will provoque the critic of the cuban jose marti who aims at an intelligent imitation rather than at a blind dependence. For him, the imitation and the inspiration of the foreign patterns have to be limited and useful in order to result in an intelligent, productive assimilation leading to an absolutely hispano-american literature, an authentic creation which will make the independence of latin america felt
Boyer, Jean-Yves. "La contribution du Conseil de l'Europe à la sauvegarde du "patrimoine constitutionnel européen" à l'aune de son élargissement à l'Est." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21011.
Full textMarquet, Jeannine M. "Les céréaliers français et l'Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213307.
Full textCalimache, Stéphane. "L'Europe et la sécurité civile." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D006.
Full textRouach, Daniel. "Management du transfert de technologie international dans le cadre de joint-ventures : application à l'Europe de l'Est-Pologne." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO33006.
Full textConducted during a period of more than five years, and benefiting from an experience starting early 1980's, these research studies stem from reflexions the author started on transfers of technology conducted in eastern europe. The approach has been particularly focused on poland, which, albeit still suffering from deep technological gaps, finds itself now, like its central european neighbours, in a tremendous phase of restructuration of its economy and industry. With our state of the art and our field researches, we tried to define the fundamental elements from which the success of transfers of technology and know how realised in eastern europe depends. Our study lies on two main hypothesis: hypothesis 1: the international joint venture seems still to be the mode of international development the most appropriate for transfer of technology. We will try to show that this hypothesis is right, providing the emitter respects the elementary and essential rules of progressivity of transfers in time, and of control from diffusion/absorption from technologies and know how by the receptor. Hypothesis 2: in eastern european countries, the key success factors for transfers of technologies, within joint ventures with a high technological and know how content, lie on ancient and established relationships becoming tighter and tighter between the partners
McVickar, Bruce. "Voltaire, aubergiste de l'Europe." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040167.
Full textIn this dissertation we study the life of Voltaire as host in his two luxurious residences in Geneva, "les Délices", and at Ferney. The most celebrated man of his time, he attracts visitors from all over Europe. A detailed chronology (from 1755 to 1778) of these travellers with a brief commentary on their visits is followed by a typology of the pilgrims (as most of them travel to pay homage to the great man) to better explain what they expect of Voltaire and what he expects of them. Aristocrats, artists and young visitors are studied. Then we consider the reception at the chateau, beginning with a description of Ferney and the different stages of the reception. The customs of the time and the originality of Voltaire are not neglected, in order to better understand his character. We also refer to his work, a fecund field for understanding his ideal of the aristocratic country host. Finally, Voltaire’s table gives us a picture of eighteenth country taste and encourages conversation, one of the principal activities that allows him to better seduce the visitor and to make life an art, which sustains and extends his work
GARVANESE, MARIE-JOSE. "L'evolution de l'union de l'europe occidentale : defense et edification de l'europe. ( 1955-1988 )." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA111012.
Full textModified brussels treaty 1954. The agency for the control of armaments of weu, whose "charter" is covered by protocol no iv, has been given a twofold mission. The standing armaments committee was set up by a decision of the weu council of 7th may 1955, in application of article viii of the modified brussels treaty. Its aim is to develop, in close liaison with nato, consultations and co-operation in the armaments field with a view to finding "joint solutions which would assist governments of member countries in meeting their (military) equipment requirements" by "agreements or arrangements on such subjects as the development, standardisation, production and procurement of armaments" concluded between all or some weu countries and open to participation by other nato member countries. - reactivation of weu. - disarmament, east-west relations as they affect the defence of europe. - participation to the negociations on mutual balance forces reduction. Intermediaterange nuclear forces, strategic defence initiative. - weu and the political union of europe ; policy and defence. The european pillar of the atlantic alliance. European armaments co-operation. Foreign policy, co-opera- tion between europe and the soviet union. Co-operation between europe and the united states. European policy in the field of technology. Technological collaboration in a european framework. European space policy ; european programmes up to 2000. An aviation policy for europe and co-operation with the united states. Prospects for the weu
Matala-Tala, Léonard. "Esquisse de l'Europe politique." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN20014.
Full textThe European integration is one of the major challenges Europe has ever faced. A draught of a political union is here undertaken as a distinctive policy response for the expected requirements. Within that framework, various aspects of the integration process are analysed: the extent of the EU's competence, its relationship with its member states and its citizens, as well as its own identity and external personality. In the background, the consequences for nation states of the internationalization of policy issues and growing mutual dependence of the states with a tendency towards a decay of their sovereignty. This context affects also the EU: the deficit in political legitimacy tends to increase, hereby threatening to ruin the whole process. The Europe-to-be-built must seriously consider citizen participation in decision-making, thus enhancing the so-long neglected human dimension. The views of the members of the European parliament were taken as a basis for this political draught. For the deputies not only represent the European nation, but they also defend its major philosophical concepts. The universal franchise grants them to weigh on the democratisation of the integration process. In order to put this political union in concrete form, we shall broach its jurisdiction, material and especially human competence. However, some reforms must be first undertaken before Europe becomes political, supranational, federal and democratic. This draught is deliberately positioned beyond any widening or other transitory phases. Indeed, once achieved, the political union is meant to be an actor on the international scene, being part of a shifting system. Hence, a new international society is shaping up; it would be composed by supranational bodies
Chevalérias, Claude. "Le conseil de l'Europe et l'environnement." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0490.
Full textLe, Poder Marie-Evelyne. "L'Espagne et l'Europe communautaire : 1977-1987." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10007.
Full textPereira, José Pedro Cantinho. "Le Portugal et l'Europe, 1947-1953." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010598.
Full textHueber, Olivier. "Inflation Forte et Transition à l'Est." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439632.
Full textM'Bringa-Takama, Maxime-Faustin. "L'Est centrafricain : sous-peuplement et marginalité." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30050.
Full textThe easterne part of central africa, situated between latitude 4 and 11. 20 north and between 18. 30 and 27. 25 longitude east, covers an aera of about 308,000 square kilometres. In 1988, there were 237,321 inhabitant, that is 0. 7 inhabitant for km2. Such a reduced numbes of people does not enable the whole region to be populated. The demographic pressure, which is very low, is more a lass important deperding on the areas, thers, some areas are largely populated while large others are deserted, and also, movements of the population de peopling or repeopling from time according to the seasons or other factors. The region is characterized by an external and internal isolation because is situated out of the economic net work and f ar away from the roads that are suitable for motor vehicules. The embryonic network of roads is so ruined that it is difficult to go from on place to another even within the region, people mustly go on foot or use bicycles or motocycles, and some very rare, cars. The result of the difficulties in transportation and communication is that the region is very inward-looking. Under such circonstances poverty forces the people to procude what they need for themselves, the result being
Dolbunova, Ekaterina. "Les premières traditions céramiques du Dnepr-Dvina bassin de VIIe-VIe millénaires av. J.-C. : (dans le contexte de la néolithisation de l'Europe de l'Est)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H094.
Full textPottery appearance investigation in the Dnepr-Dvina basin in the 7th-6th mill BC, its development and cultural traditions formation was the main subject of this paper. Several ceramic traditions existed here during early neolithic were distinguished. Their different origin, analogies with other various ceramic assemblages of Eastern Europe and the scheme of relative and absolute chronology were established. The analysis of 14C dates, spatial analysis, and analysis of distribution of vessels attributed to different ceramic phases on archaeological sites became the basis for relative and absolute chronology elaborated for this region. Also different other aspects were regarded, such as vessels’ function, technological, morphological and decor traditions, which reflected paflicularities of local cultures and processes of interaction between different communities. An important part of the thesis was devoted to the study of the place of early neolithic ceramic traditions of Dnepr-Dvina region in the context of ceramic assemblages of Eastern Europe. Thus severals models of neolithisation were proposed for this territory, also specifity of it was described. We might suppose transfer of only some components of ceramic traditions, and not the whole complex on new territories. Ceramic traditions of some of their particular constituents existed in different areas located far away from each other could indicate some commun cultural milieu, that united societies attributed now to different archaeological cultures
Courcelle, Thibault. "Le Conseil de l'Europe : enjeux et représentations." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083636.
Full textThe Council of Europe, created in 1949, is the oldest European political organization yet it is the most misunderstood. However, it plays an active role in shaping human rights policies, democratic regimes and the rule of law in Europe. Although all the decision-making power is in the hands of the member States, the Council of Europe progressively gains political leverage by generating a whole corpus of treaties and a set of implementation policies, putting serious constraints on the States which ratify them. The most famous is the European Court of Human Rights. This treaty not only deals with human rights policies but also relates to the organization of the territory, minority rights and languages as well as newer social issues such as bioethics, cybercrime and terrorism. The Council of Europe was the best suited European organization to integrate Central and Eastern Europe States (CEES) after the fall of the Berlin Wall, and to help them make the transition to democratic institutions, respectful of the fundamental European values in order to be able to join the European Union. These widenings continued to the Russian Federation and Caucasus. Since the integration of 10 CEES between 2004 and 2007 within the European Union, the Council of Europe has been confronted with a deep identity crisis which force the institution into redefining its position and its role in the construction of Europe, in a context of increasingly sharp ideological confrontation between Russia and European Union State members
BABELON, CHRISTINE. "L'europe et le marche mondial du logiciel." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21036.
Full textEurope considers its relative strength in software as one of its last opportunities to stop the process of dependance in electronics, that binds it to the united-states and japan. Indeed, the high profit and growth prospects, as well as the central situation of software within all new technologies confers a strategic character to this sector. But if we study the strategies of firms and the dependance of software on other economic sectors (such as hardware, civil or military aircraft industry, international banks. . . ), we realize that this sector is in fact dominated mostly by american manufacturers and multinational firms. As the latter are supported by the high military research and development budgets in the united-states, european programs are insufficient to re-establish equal forces between both continents. Moreover, the myth of a quasi-perfect competition in software is questionned by the existence of barriers to international exchanges : insufficient freedom of establishment abroad, inadequate protection of software products (organization of copying on a world basis), limitation of "strategic" exports by the united-states, which has repercussions on european ones. All these factors will probably force european software companies to orientate their strategies of specialization towards high-level engineering more than products aimed at a large diffusion
Kauffer, Hervé. "Les banques et l'Europe en droit privé." Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN20009.
Full textBuilding up the european banking market implies that all banks should enjoy two fundamental liberties : free activity and free competition. The recognition of the bank's establishment right and of free provision of services for their benefit, as well as the commission's work on mortgage and consumer credit, both contribute to the achievement of free activity. Furthermore, the work on harmonization of bank control rules, as well as the respect by credit institutions of the rules stated by articles 85 and 86 of the treaty, are the two necessary conditions for obtaining complete free competition. Each of the two fundamental liberties is submitted to careful examination, which emphasizes the difficulties in building up a european banking market
Morucci, Emmanuel. "L’Église catholique et l'Europe : l'européanisation du Finistère." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES1007.
Full textIn analysing territorialized religious identity references, the thesis introduces the model of Europeanisation as a socialisation process and as a construction of consciences. A survey taken of Finistère creates links between the Church of Rome and the local church, between the objective to be reached and the means put in practice. The Catholic Church plays a part in the emergence of a sentiment of belonging to Europe. What are the mechanisms implemented to form the idea of European citizenship in practices and representations? The notion of Europeanisation, a new theoretical and methodological form for the sociologist, is presented as a new field and topic for French sociology in Europe. The concept introduces the identity dimensions which complement those already in place. It institutionalises the European phenomenon. The EU is thus portrayed as a new area of socialisation and as an ordinary sphere of activity for politics/the politician and the church/religious
Kauffer, Hervé. "Les Banques et l'Europe en droit privé." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614719w.
Full textLevasseur, Sandrine. "Intégration économique et monétaire : théories et application à l'Europe." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUEL354.
Full textSojcher, Frédéric. "Le cinéma belge et l'Europe : institutions et identités culturelles." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010532.
Full textEconomic and aesthetic history of the Belgian cinema, from an European viewpoint. The original hypothesis is the following one : the structures of production determine, for the most part, the contents and the form of the films. From the example of a short cinematography, arise the questions of the pertinence of public grants and of the coproductions which may divert the meaning of identity. This study refers to the debates of the Gatt about the "cultural exception". It meets the problematic of the european diversity, within the "big market", and questions the "necessary" economical union in a field which so closely mingles "art and identity", to quote one of Malraux's most-known expressions
Yafimava, Hanna. "Le gaz russe et l'Europe : histoire, actualité et perspectives." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030069.
Full textNatural gas is not only a mainstay of the Russian economy, but also a major instrument of the Kremlin’s foreign policy. For Russia, the gas industry is used not only to sustain its economy and maintain high fiscal revenues but also to regain its place as a great power in world politics. Despite recent reforms, the domestic gas market in Russia still cannot substitute all benefits from exports. The new Russian gas strategy intends to promote Russia as a major producer, exporter and partner. These three characteristics will be the subject to this thesis. The European market remains a prime target for Moscow today, despite the efforts for exports diversification. This is proved by Gazprom's strategy of securing existing pipelines and building new gas routes to Europe. Energy links, established more than forty years ago, between Europe and Russia have led to a strong interdependence between the two partners. This interdependence is neither alarming, nor dangerous, it has to serve as a motivation for the establishment of a reliable energy partnership. Even though the two partners have divergent interests, the progress of the bilateral cooperation depends on their ability to adapt to this situation of interdependence
Decrop, Geneviève. "Anus Mundi : l'Europe et le système concentrationnaire et génocidaire nazi." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0014.
Full textThe thesis's main assumption is that the genocide perpetrated by the national-socialist germany and the concentrationary system it established is an political event. Neither purely economical nor military, culturel, ethic or religious, the genocide and the concentrationary system, that we joined in a single apparatus, take a part in each of these areas; but in its essential being, it belongs to the political field. But it is a paradoxical politic event as founded on a political strategy and ideology whose results carries to a massive collapse of the political stage in its traditionnal acception. This collapse we are trying to understand the ins and outs allowed that the concentrationnary and genocidary apparatus was accepted as well clearly as unclearly by the miscellaneous european organs. From this point of view, our work contains three parts : 1 - analysis ans theorical construction of the apparatus based on the genocidary process and the concentrationary system; 2 - analysis and interpretation of the political praxis, hitlerian and nazi praxis and also this one of the actors of the destruction distinguished in three types; executioners, victims, witnesses; at last a fast approach of the event remembrance and of the question of its posterity, i. E. . It founds in the contemporary europe
Nerguizian, Madelon. "Relations commerciales entre l'Europe et l'Aladi et dynamique du Mercosur." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21012.
Full textThis thesis first defines the concepts and tools and analyses the type of insertion of latin american countries in international and european trade, with emphasis on the aladi (latin american integration association) countries. The objectives of chapters one and two are the following : * first, detemine the causes of the deterioration of the position of latin american countries in international and european trade; * second, determine the contribution of the different latin american countries (aladi countries) in the evolution of the external trade structure of this region. In order to improve their insertion into international trade, the latin american countries are now involved in regional integration process. The mercosur is considered among the most promissing experiences of latin america. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to answer the following question : can the mercosur help its member states (argentina, brazil, paraguay and uruguay) to take up a challenge all latin american countries must deal with, i. E. Their integration to international trade as dynamic exporting countries. This issue is examined in the particular case of exchanges between the mercosur and europe, since the latter is the main extra-regional trading partner of the first. This leads to the second part of this study : "the mercosur a "new" answer to the challenges of the region". It identifies the elements which characterize this group as a new answer. The analysis of the mercosur evaluation in the actual context of internalization allows us to identify the conditions of an increase of the trading relations between europe and the mercosur
Gundermann, Suzann. "Romain Rolland et Stefan Zweig : l'Europe en conscience." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070102.
Full textJean, Patrick. "Perspectives françaises et francophones dans l'Europe de demain." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040271.
Full textHallair, Gaëlle. "Le géographe Emmanuel de Martonne et l'Europe centrale /." Paris : Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique : Géographie-cités, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb411847428.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 97-100. Bibliogr. des oeuvres de et sur E. de Martonne p. 15-26. Résumés en français, en allemand, en anglais, en roumain et en russe.
Blandin, Yann Ballereau Françoise. "L'Europe sanitaire et sociale face à la drogue." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/PHblandin.pdf.
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