Relevant bibliographies by topics / Estuarine and freshwater ecology

Academic literature on the topic 'Estuarine and freshwater ecology'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Estuarine and freshwater ecology"

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Tittley, Ian. "Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 155, no. 3 (November 2007): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00701.x.

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Huxham, Mark. "Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands." Freshwater Biology 53, no. 3 (March 2008): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01910.x.

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Moore-Maley, Benjamin L., Debby Ianson, and Susan E. Allen. "The sensitivity of estuarine aragonite saturation state and pH to the carbonate chemistry of a freshet-dominated river." Biogeosciences 15, no. 12 (June 20, 2018): 3743–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3743-2018.

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Abstract. Ocean acidification threatens to reduce pH and aragonite saturation state (ΩA) in estuaries, potentially damaging their ecosystems. However, the impact of highly variable river total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on pH and ΩA in these estuaries is unknown. We assess the sensitivity of estuarine surface pH and ΩA to river TA and DIC using a coupled biogeochemical model of the Strait of Georgia on the Canadian Pacific coast and place the results in the context of global rivers. The productive Strait of Georgia estuary has a large, seasonally variable freshwater input from the glacially fed, undammed Fraser River. Analyzing TA observations from this river plume and pH from the river mouth, we find that the Fraser is moderately alkaline (TA 500–1000 µmol kg−1) but relatively DIC-rich. Model results show that estuarine pH and ΩA are sensitive to freshwater DIC and TA, but do not vary in synchrony except at high DIC : TA. The asynchrony occurs because increased freshwater TA is associated with increased DIC, which contributes to an increased estuarine DIC : TA and reduces pH, while the resulting higher carbonate ion concentration causes an increase in estuarine ΩA. When freshwater DIC : TA increases (beyond ∼ 1.1), the shifting chemistry causes a paucity of the carbonate ion that overwhelms the simple dilution/enhancement effect. At this high DIC : TA ratio, estuarine sensitivity to river chemistry increases overall. Furthermore, this increased sensitivity extends to reduced flow regimes that are expected in future. Modulating these negative impacts is the seasonal productivity in the estuary which draws down DIC and reduces the sensitivity of estuarine pH to increasing DIC during the summer season.
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Matich, Philip, Robert J. Nowicki, Jonathan Davis, John A. Mohan, Jeffrey D. Plumlee, Bradley A. Strickland, Thomas C. TinHan, R. J. David Wells, and Mark Fisher. "Does proximity to freshwater refuge affect the size structure of an estuarine predator (Carcharhinus leucas) in the north-western Gulf of Mexico?" Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11 (2020): 1501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19346.

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The life histories of estuarine species are often adapted to the environmental variability they experience. However, estuaries are increasingly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic changes, necessitating an understanding of how shifting conditions affect the survival, behaviour and population structure of estuarine-dependent animals. In this study we used data from fisheries-independent surveys collected across six estuaries with variable salinity regimes in Texas, USA, from 1975 to 2016 to investigate the role sources of freshwater inflow play in shaping juvenile bull shark Carcharhinus leucas size structure. High frequencies of co-occurrence with similarly sized conspecifics (59% of capture events) suggest bull sharks segregated within Texan estuaries based on body size. Bull shark sizes increased with distance to the nearest source of freshwater inflow, although effect sizes were small and access to freshwater habitats may be more important in shaping size-dependent distribution patterns. River mouths were disproportionately used by smaller juveniles (<90-cm total length, TL) and avoided by larger juveniles (>135cm TL). However, the use of river mouths decreased in estuaries characterised by limited freshwater inflow and greater variability in salinities at river mouths, highlighting geographic differences in the functions these habitats provide as potential environmental and predator refugia. Young-of-the-year (i.e. age-0) sharks also increased their use of river mouths throughout the 40-year study period, revealing the growing importance of river mouths as potential nursery habitats.
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Mai, Ana Cecilia Giacometti, and João Paes Vieira. "Review and consideration on habitat use, distribution and life history of Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz, 1829) (Actinopterygii, Clupeiformes, Engraulididae)." Biota Neotropica 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032013000300015.

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In this paper, we present a summary of the current knowledge of Lycengraulis grossidens, a widely distributed coastal fish that occurs from Belize to Argentina. This species is abundant in estuaries along the Southwest Atlantic Coast and is important for recreational fishing, and as bycatch of shrimp fisheries. We compiled data available on taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology, fisheries and organized conceptually the life cycle of the species according to modern estuarine-use classification. Our review showed that along its geographic distribution and inside some particular environments (i.e., estuaries and costal lagoons) the species have been classified in a variety of ways in order to describe the remarkable complexity of habitat use that varies from freshwater resident, anadromous, marine migrant, estuarine resident, marine stragglers, catadromous to semi-catadromous. We conclude that L. grossidens is able to reproduce either in freshwater or estuarine water and postulate that it has a high plasticity in habitat use and life history, with migratory and resident contingents in the same local population. There seems to be a latitudinal change in migratory behavior of this species along the South America Coast, prevailing anadromous or semi-anadromous pattern at higher latitudes and marine migrants at the tropical northeast coast of Brazil.
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Sheaves, Marcus, Ross Johnston, and Kátya Abrantes. "Fish fauna of dry tropical and subtropical estuarine floodplain wetlands." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 10 (2007): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06246.

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Estuarine floodplain wetland pools occur adjacent to marine coasts and estuaries throughout the world. In Australia’s dry tropics and sub-tropics, low and irregular rainfall means estuarine wetland pools are isolated for much of the time, resulting in varied within-pool conditions, with chemistry ranging from fresh to hypersaline, depending on the balance between freshwater and marine inputs and the time between connections. Varied physical conditions and irregular connectivity provide the potential for substantial faunal difference among pools. The present study compares the compositions and structures of the fish fauna of a broad cross section of estuarine wetland pools adjacent to the estuary of the Fitzroy River, one of the largest rivers in Australia’s dry tropical/subtropical zone. Ten pools were sampled between February 2004 and May 2005. The total species richness was low, with the 6123 fish recorded over the study, comprising only 44 species. This low species richness was reflected at the individual pool level, with a maximum total richness of 25 species in a single pool. Different pools had faunas that differed as a function of the proportion of the community comprised of marine spawned, compared with freshwater spawned, species. This was a reflection of the extent of connectivity to freshwater and marine systems, which determined both the physical nature of pools and the sources of faunal supply. Despite faunal differences among pools, at a functional level pool fish faunas were dominated by detritivores, regardless of pool type, size, season or connectedness.
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Pusey, Bradley J., Timothy D. Jardine, Stuart E. Bunn, and Michael M. Douglas. "Sea catfishes (Ariidae) feeding on freshwater floodplains of northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 12 (2020): 1628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf20012.

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Flooding of the terminal floodplains of northern Australian rivers provides a greatly expanded, productive habitat accessed by both freshwater and estuarine fishes. This study aimed to determine the extent to which sea catfishes (Ariidae) make use of floodplains and the reasons for doing so (i.e. spawning, feeding). Nine species were collected from floodplains and adjacent distributaries of the Mitchell and Flinders rivers; floodplain use was largely restricted to freshwater species. Evidence of prior wet season spawning was recorded for some species, and mesenteric lipid deposits indicated that fish were in good condition. However, little evidence of spawning on floodplains was found. Stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis indicated dietary partitioning, particularly between freshwater and estuarine species, but also within freshwater species, and indicated that some species were responsive to variations in food availability. Isotope analyses suggest extensive movement between freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats at different life history stages for the catfish assemblage studied. Terminal floodplains of northern Australian rivers provide important temporary habitat for adult sea catfishes to feed upon, but do not appear to be used as spawning grounds.
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Robins, Julie B., Ian A. Halliday, Jonathan Staunton-Smith, David G. Mayer, and Michelle J. Sellin. "Freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries in tropical Australia: a review of the state of knowledge and application of a suggested approach." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04087.

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The freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries in tropical areas are reviewed, with reference to species important to fisheries in northern Australia. Fisheries production, in terms of catch, is often elevated during, or as a consequence of, years with higher river flow, but the causality of these relationships often remains unproven. Scientific information on the freshwater-flow requirements important to fisheries production is increasingly being sought during the planning, allocation and management of water resources within Australia and in other countries around the world. Frequently, such advice is based on the analysis of catch and freshwater flow (or rainfall), or on life-history information. Clarifying fisheries-specific goals of water management would assist in prioritising research into the freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries. A framework that integrates life-history information and correlative analyses is suggested to assist in understanding the freshwater-flow requirements of estuarine fisheries. The framework is also useful in identifying knowledge gaps and pertinent research questions. The approach is illustrated through its application to identifying key freshwater-flow events likely to be important for fisheries production in a dry tropical estuary in Queensland, Australia.
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Mai, Ana C. G., Lizandra J. Robe, Luis F. Marins, and João P. Vieira. "Genetic relationships between landlocked and coastal populations of Lycengraulis grossidens (Engraulidae) in south-eastern South America: evidence for a continental colonisation route with secondary transitions to the coastal region." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 2 (2017): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15355.

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The anchovies of the genus Lycengraulis are the product of an evolutionary transition from a marine to freshwater environment that occurred in South America during the Miocene epoch. Lycengraulis grossidens originated from freshwater lineages and is currently distributed in estuaries and coastal zones. Nevertheless, based on otolith chemistry, there are landlocked individuals in the Uruguay River. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatiotemporal scenario by which these landlocked individuals reached their current distribution: whether through a north-to-south continental route based on the connection between basins or from the marine environment. To this end, a fragment of the mitochondrial (mt)DNA control region was analysed from individuals collected along freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. We found a significant genetic differentiation between freshwater and coastal (estuarine and marine) populations. Larger haplotype diversities and female effective population size values were found in the coastal population. Nevertheless, the outgroup rooting positioned some Uruguay River haplotypes as hypothetical ancestors in the directed network and as early offshoots in the phylogeny, suggesting the landlocked population as an ancestral lineage. Therefore, the phylogenetic history and biogeography are consistent with a north-to-south continental colonisation route putatively associated with ancient connections between the Amazon and Parana basins followed by new evolutionary transitions to the coastal region associated with Quaternary sea level oscillations.
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Adams, Aaron J., and R. Kirby Wolfe. "Occurrence and persistence of non-native Cichlasoma urophthalmus (family Cichlidae) in estuarine habitats of south-west Florida (USA): environmental controls and movement patterns." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 10 (2007): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07086.

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The geographic scope of species introductions has increased dramatically in the last 200 years. One of the greatest challenges to understanding the ecological consequences of non-native species is that it has been difficult to identify the attributes that allow them to become established outside their native range. This challenge is compounded by anthropogenic habitat alteration that often enhances the establishment and expansion of non-native species. Fishes in the family Cichlidae are notoriously adaptive, and contribute more non-native species to North America than any other fish family. This is especially true in Florida (USA), where 18 cichlid species have become established. The Mayan cichlid (Cichlasoma urophthalmus) was first documented in south Florida in 1983, and is present in many freshwater and estuarine habitats. This study reports a northward range expansion by C. urophthalmus, demonstrates the connectivity between altered freshwater habitats and tidal estuarine habitats, and suggests that the estuarine populations are ephemeral and dependent upon colonisation from populations in altered freshwater habitats.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Estuarine and freshwater ecology"

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Akoto, William. "Valuing preferences for freshwater inflows into selected Western and Southern Cape estuaries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/915.

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An estuary is the last stage of a river. It is where the river meets the sea. Estuaries are one of the most significant features of the South African coastline. In recent years, South Africa has witnessed an increase in the demand for freshwater for both industrial and domestic purposes. At the same time, there has been a gradual deterioration of river systems and their catchments. To add to this, there has been a gradual reduction in the amount of recorded rainfall, which is the primary source of freshwater for rivers. This has resulted in decreased freshwater inflow into estuaries, a situation which poses a serious threat to the biological functioning of these estuaries and the services rendered to its recreational users. A deterioration of estuary services reduces the yield for subsistence households and their appeal for recration. This study uses the contingent valuation method as its primary methodology to elicit users' willingness-to-pay to reduce the negative impacts of reduced freshwater inflow into selected western and southern Cape estuaries. Eight estuaries were selected for this study; the Breede, Duiwenhoks, Great Berg, Kleinemond West, Mhlathuze, Swartvlei and Olifants estuaries. The contingent valuation (CV) method is widely used for studies of this nature because of its ability to capture active, passive and non-use values. The CV method involves directly asking people how much they would be willing to pay for specific environmental services. In this case, users were asked what they would be willing to pay to sustain freshwater inflows into selected estuaries in order to prevent the negative impacts of reduced inflows. The travel cost method (TCM) was uesed to generate an alternative comparative set of values for the purposes of convergence testing. This is because convergence testing is highly desirable as a validity test for CV estimates.
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Chege, Jedidah. "Valuing preferences for freshwater inflows into five Eastern Cape and Kwazulu-Natal estuaries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/932.

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An estuary, according to the National Water Act of 1998, is a partially or fully enclosed body of water which is open periodically or permanently to the sea within which the sea water can be diluted, to an extent that is measurable with freshwater from inland. Estuaries and the lands surrounding them are places of transition from land to sea, and from freshwater to saltwater. Although influenced by the tides, estuaries are protected from the full force of ocean waves, winds, and storms by the reefs, barrier islands, or fingers of land, mud, or sand that surround them. South Africa’s estuaries are important and irreplaceable habitats, especially for prawns, fish, wading birds and mangroves. They are home to numerous plants and animals that live in water that is partly fresh and partly salty. Estuaries are also homes to growing coastal communities as increasing number of people occupy watersheds. However, estuaries are also threatened. One of the threats is reduced river water inflow. This study applies the contingent valuation method (CVM) to elicit user’s willingness to pay to mitigate the negative impacts of reduced freshwater inflow into selected five Eastern Cape and Kwazulu-Natal estuaries: the Sundays, Gamtoos, Mdloti, Mgeni and Mvoti estuaries. In addition to the contingent valuation method, the travel cost method was used to generate comparative values. The contingent valuation method is a technique to establish the value of a good (or service) that is not bought or sold in an actual market. The CVM establishes the economic value of the good by asking the users of an environmental good to state their willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical project to prevent, or bring about, a change in the current condition of the environmental good. The users’ WTP is aggregated to establish a total willingness to pay (TWTP) for the population of the users of the environmental good.
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Snow, Gavin Charles. "Contributions to the use of microalgae in estuarine freshwater reserve determinations." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/709.

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The ecologist Garrett Hardin (1968) introduced a useful concept called the tragedy of the commons, which describes how ecological resources become threatened or lost. The term “commons” is based on the commons of old English villages and is symbolic of a resource that is shared by a group of people. If every person were to use each resource in a sustainable fashion it would be available in perpetuity. However, if people use more than their share they would only increase their personal wealth to the detriment of others. In addition, an increase in the population would mean that the size of each share would have to decrease to accommodate the larger number of people. As a result, resources are threatened by personal greed and uncontrolled population growth. Freshwater is an example of a common resource that is under threat in South Africa where the average annual rainfall is less than 60 percent of the global average (Mukheibir & Sparks 2006). The increasing demands for freshwater as well as its eutrophication are major concerns with regards to estuarine health, environmental resource management and human health. The correct management of water is necessary to ensure that it is utilised in a sustainable manner. The National Water Act (No. 36 of 1998) has provided the rights to water for basic human needs and for sustainable ecological function; the Basic Human Needs Reserve and Ecological Reserve are both provided as a right in law. The amount of water necessary for an estuary to retain an acceptable ecological status, known as the Estuarine Ecological Reserve, is determined through the implementation of procedures (rapid, intermediate or comprehensive) compiled by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (1999) in its Resource Directed Measures (RDM) for the Protection of Water Resources. The impact of restricted flow on estuaries can be reduced by manipulating the water released from impoundments, the regulation of water abstractions within the river catchment or both (Hirji et al. 2002). The reserve assessment method is designed to evaluate ecosystem requirements by employing groups of specialists from different disciplines. In South Africa, this includes hydrologists, sedimentologists, water chemists and biologists (including microalgae specialists). The use of microalgae in ecological assessments has largely been based on research that was initiated at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (formerly University of Port Elizabeth) and subsequently at Rhodes University (Grahamstown) and the University of KwaZulu Natal (Durban). The microalgal research can be divided into two main focus areas; phytoplankton and benthic microalgae
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Norris, Alicia Jean DeVries Dennis R. Wright Russell A. "Estuaries as habitat for a freshwater species ecology of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) along a salinity gradient /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Theses/NORRIS_ALICIA_59.pdf.

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Wildsmith, Michelle Deanne. "Relationships between benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages and habitat types in nearshore marine and estuarine waters along the lower west coast of Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081029.93910.

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Van, der Westhuizen Henri. "Valuing preferences for freshwater inflows into the Bira, Bushmans, Kasouga, Keiskamma, Kleinemond East, Nahoon and Tyolomnqa estuaries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/628.

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There are about 259 estuaries in South Africa that can be classified as “functioning” and their “health” status is directly related to the quantity and quality of freshwater that flows into them. Many of South Africa’s estuaries have become smaller due to a steady decrease in the amount of freshwater that flows into them. This reduction in freshwater inflows decreases their ecological functioning and undermines the recreational activities and subsistence services available from them. The National Water Act (ACT No. 36 of 1998) recognises the right of the environment to water, but a large amount of data is still needed to make management decisions on the allocation of freshwater. The objective of this research was to contribute to the management of the allocation of freshwater in the catchment areas of the Bira, Bushmans, Kasouga, Keiskamma, Kleinemond East, Nahoon and Tyolomnqa rivers by determining the recreational value of the freshwater flowing into their estuaries. This recreational value was established using the contingent valuation method. The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a technique to establish the value of a good (or service) that is not bought or sold in an actual market. This technique is frequently applied in the valuation of environmental goods, e.g. the freshwater that flows into an estuary. The CVM establishes the economic value by asking the users of an environmental good to state their willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical project to prevent or bring about a change in the current condition of the environmental good. The users’ WTP is then aggregated to establish a total willingness to pay (TWTP) for the population of the users of the environmental good. The hypothetical project presented in this study is that of an increase of freshwater inflows, that would prevent (bring about) predetermined changes in environmental services provided by the selected seven estuaries.
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Sale, Michael Charles. "The value of freshwater inflows into the Kowie, Kromme and Nahoon Estuaries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/599.

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An estuary can be defined as a partially enclosed, coastal body of water which is either permanently or periodically open to the sea and within which there is a measurable variation of salinity due to the mixture of sea water with fresh water derived from land drainage. Estuaries are extremely important environmental assets and the management of them is dependent on the active involvement of the people whose livelihoods depend on them. There have been steady decreases in freshwater inflows into them during the past century due to abstraction of river water for human consumption and alien tree and plant infestations. Due to these decreases in freshwater inflows, many estuaries have become smaller and are providing reduced recreational services to users, such as boaters, fishermen and birders. This reduction in recreational service provision has adverse economic consequences. The scale of these consequences have become of great interest to river catchment planners. Of particular interest is the value of the freshwater inflows into estuaries relative to other abstractions of this water. The value referred to here is in terms of the environmental services yielded to recreational users. From a management perspective, it is desirable that these marginal values be compared with marginal cost values of this water in its best alternative use in order to guide the allocation of inflows into the respective estuaries. The aim of this study is to place a monetary value on this freshwater inflow at the Kowie, Kromme and Nahoon estuaries. Due to the fact that the freshwater flowing into estuaries is not a traded good, an alternative method to market price must be used to value it. The method of valuation used in this study is the contingent valuation method. The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a survey technique which asks individuals to place values upon changes to environmental assets. The questionnaires used in the surveys differed slightly. The one administered at the Nahoon Estuary was revised in the light of experience gained at the administration of the ones at the Kowie and the Kromme estuaries. Some questions in the latter two surveys were found to be confusing to the respondents and were made clearer and some of the questions were found to yield little extra information and were scrapped from the Nahoon Estuary survey.
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Jud, Zachary R. "Anthropogenic Disturbances in Estuarine Ecosystems: The Effects of Altered Freshwater Inflow, Introduction of Invasive Species, and Habitat Alteration in the Loxahatchee River, FL." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1197.

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With the majority of Earth’s population living in coastal areas, estuarine ecosystems have been particularly affected by anthropogenic disturbances. My dissertation research focused on three interrelated types of human disturbance that affect estuaries: Anthropogenic alteration of freshwater inflow, the introduction of invasive species, and habitat alteration. Using the LoxahatcheeRiver(Jupiter, FL) as a model system, my goal was to understand how these disturbances affect estuarine organisms, particularly fishes. One of the most ecologically harmful disturbances affecting estuaries is anthropogenic alteration of freshwater inflow (and resulting changes in salinity patterns). To identify effects of freshwater inflow on the behavior of an ecologically and economically important fish (common snook Centropomus undecimalis), I conducted a 19-month acoustic telemetry study. Common snook were more abundant and made more frequent upstream migrations during the wet season, but freshwater inflow did not appear to be the proximate cause for these behaviors. Increased estuarine salinity resulting from anthropogenic flow alteration may have facilitated the second type of disturbance that I address in this dissertation; the invasion of non-native Indo-Pacific lionfish into estuarine habitats. During the course of my dissertation research, I documented the first ever estuarine invasion by non-native lionfish. Using mark-recapture, I identified high site fidelity in lionfish, a trait that may aid future control efforts. The extremely low minimum salinity tolerance that I identified in lionfish appears to have allowed the species to colonize far upriver in estuaries with anthropogenically modified salinity patterns. Anthropogenic salinity alteration has also led to a severe degradation of oyster reef habitats in theLoxahatcheeRiver. As a foundation species, oysters provide food, shelter, and nursery habitat for a wide variety of estuarine organisms, including many ecologically and economically important fishes. Increasingly, degraded oyster reef habitats have been the focus of restoration efforts. I identified a relatively rapid (< 2 years) convergence between restored and natural oyster reef communities, and documented the importance of vertical relief in restoration success. My dissertation research is critical for the management and conservation of coastal rivers inFlorida, while more broadly informing restoration and management decisions in many other estuarine and coastal ecosystems.
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Grange, Neil. "The influence of contrasting freshwater inflows on the feeding ecology and food resources of zooplankton in two eastern Cape estuaries, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005400.

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The trophodynamic implications of reduced freshwater inflow on the zooplankton of eastern Cape estuaries was investigated by a comparison of the community composition and standing stocks, grazing rates and food resources of zooplankton in two systems, the Kariega and the Great Fish estuaries, which are subject to contrasting freshwater inflow. The climate of South Africa is semi-arid, and the low rainfall, coupled with high evaporative loss, result in the region having one of the lowest conversions of rainfall to run-off in the world. In addition, many of the major rivers are extensively impounded, consequently, estuaries often experience prolonged periods of zero or reduced freshwater inflow. The amount of freshwater available for estuarine management in the future is expected to decline as the demand for domestic, agricultural and industrial use increases. The influence of climate, tidal amplitude and wave action are essentially constant, consequently, the individual characteristics of an estuary are determined largely by the indirect influences of catchment size and regulation. Estuaries along the eastern Cape coast range from negative hypersaline systems, to positive systems in which a salinity gradient is well established. The Kariega estuary is a homogeneous marine estuary as a result of minimal freshwater inflow, whereas the Great Fish estuary receives sustained freshwater inflow and is partially-stratified. The quality and quantity of particulate food resources for suspension-feeders depended to a large extent on the allochthonous import of material associated with freshwater inflow. Nutrients, rather than light penetration of the watercolumn are the major factor limiting phytoplankton standing stocks. In the Kariega estuary, phytoplankton standing stocks were low (up to 1.0 μg l⁻¹) and the estuary is classified as oligotrophic. Correlation analyses indicated that lower quality detritus, originating from fringing macrophytes, may contribute substantially to suspended particulate organic material. Phytoplankton food resources were considerably higher in the Great Fish estuary (up to 21.8 μg ⁻¹) which is classified as mesotrophic/eutrophic, and correlation analyses indicated that phytoplankton comprised the dominant fraction of the particulate organic material. Although this suggested that the organic material was of a higher quality, the seston was "masked" by a higher suspended inorganic load. Consequently, the organic fraction comprised between 13 and 22% of total particulate material in the Great Fish estuary, compared with between 20 and 39% in the Kariega estuary. Food resources demonstrated a fairly uniform distribution along the length of the Kariega estuary and exhibited a slight seasonal increase during warmer months. By contrast, the point source influence of freshwater inflow resulted in a spatial gradient of food resources in the Great Fish estuary with higher values recorded towards the upper reaches. There was evidence that higher concentrations of particulate material in the upper reaches are also a consequence of hydrodynamic trapping. There was no marked seasonal pattern in the availability of food resources which were generally elevated in response to sporadic pulses of freshwater inflow. Tidal currents were responsible for elevating suspended food resources by re-suspension of material from the sediments. This effect was probably of greater importance in the Kariega estuary where food resources were generally limiting. In the Kariega estuary, the zooplankton community was dominated by calanoid copepods of the genera Acartia and Pseudodiaptomus. However, in the Great Fish estuary, the community was dominated by the mysid Mesopodopsis siabberi, and the calanoid P. hessei. Community biomass generally reflected the trophic status of the estuary. The mean seasonal biomass recorded in the Kariega estuary was 38 mg m⁻³ compared with 1597 mg m⁻³ in the Great Fish estuary. Greater spatial variability in community biomass was evident in the Great Fish estuary, partly in response to the food resource gradient, but also due to the inability of the mysid shrimps, which dominated the community biomass, to penetrate the lower salinity water of the upper reaches. Zooplankton in the Kariega estuary demonstrated a seasonal pattern of abundance whereas in the Great Fish estuary, community biomass was elevated in response to sporadic pulses of freshwater inflow. Grazing rates, measured in situ using a modified Gliwicz-Haney chamber, indicated that the zooplankton communities were capable of "clearing" substantial proportions of the watercolumn at certain times of the year. The pattern of grazing pressure over a diel cycle was examined in relation to the diel vertical migration movements of the zooplankton. Higher nighttime grazing rates were generally associated with the greater abundance of zooplankton resulting from the movement of zooplankton into the watercolumn after dusk, and their return to the sediments at dawn. Seasonal estimates of diel grazing pressure, extrapolated from daytime and nighttime feeding rates, indicated that the zooplankton "cleared" up to 40% of the watercolumn in a day in the Kariega estuary, and up to 120% d⁻¹ in the Great Fish estuary. However, values of around 25% d⁻¹ in the Kariega estuary, and 50 to 80% d⁻¹ in the Great Fish estuary, were not uncommon. Multiple regression analyses were used in an attempt to explain the influence of environmental factors on the variation in in situ grazing rates. These attempts were largely unsuccessful and the possible reasons, as well as recommended improvements to the methods used, are discussed. Seston concentration in the estuaries was highly variable as a result of the effects of tidal re-suspension and freshwater inflow. Consequently, further laboratory-based experiments were carried out to examine the influence of seston concentration on the filtration rates of the dominant calanoid copepods. Results indicated that some of the unexplained variability in the community filtration rates may be attributed to differences in species-specific response to changes in seston concentration.
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Ruhl, Nathan A. "The Lotic-Lentic Gradient in Reservoirs and Estuaries." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339177201.

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Books on the topic "Estuarine and freshwater ecology"

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Batzer, Darold P., and Rebecca R. Sharitz, eds. Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118.

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Alimov, A. F. Zakonomernosti gidrobiologicheskogo rezhima vodoemov raznogo tipa. Moskva: Nauchnyĭ mir, 2004.

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Flint, R. Warren. Freshwater inflow and estuarine dynamics as characterized by benthic processes. College Station, Tex: Sea Grant College Program, Texas A&M University, 1986.

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St. Johns River Water Management District (Fla.). Water resource and human-use values assessment: Lake Monroe, Volusia and Seminole Counties, Florida. Palatka, Florida: St. Johns River Water Management District, 2008.

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L, Evenhuis N., and Fitzsimmons J. Michael, eds. Biology of Hawaiian streams and estuaries: Proceedings of the Symposium on the Biology of Hawaiian Streams and Estuaries : Hilo, Hawaiʻi, 26-27 April 2005. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 2007.

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Stoker, Yvonne E. Salinity distribution and variation with freshwater inflow and tide, and potential changes in salinity due to altered freshwater inflow in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Florida. Tallahassee, Fla: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Project, San Francisco Estuary. Managing freshwater discharge to the San Francisco Bay/Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary: The scientific basis for an estuarine standard : conclusions and recommendations of members of the scientific, policy, and management communities of the Bay/Delta Estuary. San Francisco, CA: San Francisco Estuary Project, 1993.

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1926-2007, Vallentyne John R., ed. The algal bowl: Overfertilization of the world's freshwaters and estuaries. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2008.

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F, Dame Richard, and Olenin Sergej, eds. The comparative roles of suspension-feeders in ecosystems. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005.

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Regional Symposium on In-Stream Gravel Extraction and Its Effects on Fish Habitats (2006 Charleston, Or.). Regional Symposium on In-Stream Gravel Extraction and Its Effects on Fish Habitats: Wednesday-Thursday, April 12-13, 2006, South Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, Charleston, OR. [Corvallis, OR]: Oregon State University, Oregon Sea Grant, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Estuarine and freshwater ecology"

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Hodda, Mike, and Walter Traunspurger. "Nematodes from extreme and unusual freshwater habitats." In Ecology of freshwater nematodes, 109–50. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243635.0004.

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Abstract This chapter discusses the ecology and biogeography of nematodes from freshwater environments that are extreme in temperature, chemical composition, variability, or isolation. Described and compared are the compositions of nematode faunas from hot or mineral springs, pools and bogs in polar regions, intermittent lakes or pools or streams, freshwater pools in bromeliads or tree hollows, stemflow, fresh groundwaters, and caves. Comparisons of the nematode faunas from these extreme habitats with those from more typical freshwater environments are also provided. Also discussed are nematodes with evolutionary affinities to freshwaters that are found in estuarine sediments along with nematodes from freshwaters with evolutionary affinities to otherwise marine taxa. The emphasis is on broad ecological patterns rather than on detailed species interactions with the various freshwater environments. Thus, the chapter focuses on genera or higher taxa rather than species.
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Bianco, Pier Giorgio, and Valerio Ketmaier. "Nature and status of freshwater and estuarine fisheries in Italy and Western Balkans." In Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, 283–91. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118394380.ch24.

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Batzer, Darold P., Robert Cooper, and Scott A. Wissinger. "6. Wetland Animal Ecology." In Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands, edited by Darold P. Batzer and Rebecca R. Sharitz, 151–84. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118-008.

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Boon, Paul I., Peter C. Pollard, and Darren Ryder. "4. Wetland Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry." In Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands, edited by Darold P. Batzer and Rebecca R. Sharitz, 87–132. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118-006.

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Sharitz, Rebecca R., Darold P. Batzer, and Steven C. Pennings. "1. Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands: An Introduction." In Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands, edited by Darold P. Batzer and Rebecca R. Sharitz, 1–22. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118-003.

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Jackson, C. Rhett, James A. Thompson, and Randall K. Kolka. "2. Wetland Soils, Hydrology, and Geomorphology." In Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands, edited by Darold P. Batzer and Rebecca R. Sharitz, 23–60. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118-004.

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Mendelssohn, Irving A., Darold P. Batzer, Courtney R. Holt, and Sean A. Graham. "3. Abiotic Constraints for Wetland Plants and Animals." In Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands, edited by Darold P. Batzer and Rebecca R. Sharitz, 61–86. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118-005.

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Sharitz, Rebecca R., and Steven C. Pennings. "5. Development of Wetland Plant Communities." In Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands, edited by Darold P. Batzer and Rebecca R. Sharitz, 133–50. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118-007.

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Bridgham, Scott D. "7. Carbon Dynamics and Ecosystem Processes." In Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands, edited by Darold P. Batzer and Rebecca R. Sharitz, 185–202. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118-009.

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Cole, C. Andrew, and D. Eric Somerville. "8. United States Wetland Regulation, Policy, and Assessment." In Ecology of Freshwater and Estuarine Wetlands, edited by Darold P. Batzer and Rebecca R. Sharitz, 203–24. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520959118-010.

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Conference papers on the topic "Estuarine and freshwater ecology"

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Schindler, Rob, Sean Comber, and Andrew Manning. "METAL POLLUTANT PATHWAYS IN COHESIVE COASTAL CATCHMENTS: INFLUENCE OF FLOCCULATION ON PARTITIONING AND FLUX." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/09.

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Potentially toxic metals (PTMs) dispersed within catchments from land-based sources pose serious, long-term threats to aquatic ecology and human health. Their chemical state or form affects the potential for transportation and bioavailability and ultimate environmental fate. PTMs are transported either as (1) particulates adsorbed onto sediments, or 2) solutes in groundwater and open channel flow. Cohesive sediment occupies a major part of the world’s coastlines. PTMs are readily sorbed onto clay/silt and consequently particulate-borne PTMs dominate in estuaries and coastal waters. Sediments also represent a considerable ‘sink’ of contaminants which can be periodically remobilized. The role of suspended particulates in the uptake, release, and transport of heavy metals is thus a crucial link in understanding PTM dispersion in these environments. Cohesive sediment is subject to flocculation which dictates the behaviour of suspended sediment. PTM partitioning, flocculation and particulate-borne PTM dynamics are spatially and temporally variable in response to a complex array of inter-related physical and chemical factors exhibited within tidal catchments. However, knowledge of the dispersion and accumulation of both particulate and soluble forms of PTMs within cohesive coastal catchments is limited by little understanding of the association of PTMs with flocculated sediments and their subsequent deposition. This study investigates the influence of changing hydrodynamics and salinities to reveal the partitioning coefficients (Kp) and PTM settling flux (PTMSF) for different spatial and temporal locations within an idealized mesotidal catchment. The data show that the ratio of soluble and particulate-borne PTMs are dependent on salinity and flocculation, and that PTMSF is dependent upon partitioning and flocculation dynamics. Kp is largely dictated by salinity, but floc size and suspended particulate matter concentration (SPMC) are also influential, particular for PTMs with low chloride complexation and in freshwater. PTMSF is a function of Kp, floc size and settling velocity and varies by up to 3 orders of magnitude in response to changing environmental conditions. Findings will improve our ability to predict and monitor contaminant transport for PTMs generated by industries such as agriculture, mining, fisheries, aquaculture & marine engineers. They can be incorporated in existing decision making tools, and help improve numerical modelling parameteristion, to maintain environmental quality standards and limit the impacts of bioavailability of metals in aquatic environment.
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Duarte, A. A. L. S., and J. M. P. Vieira. "Mitigation of estuarine eutrophication processes by controlling freshwater inflows." In RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/rm090311.

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Breithaupt, Stephen, and Tarang Khangaonkar. "Forensic Hydrodynamic Evaluation Following the Restoration of a Tidal Freshwater Wetlands." In 10th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40990(324)34.

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Кремез, В., V. Kremez, В. Островерх, and V. Ostroverh. "ON THE METHODS OF ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MORPHODYNAMICS WITH NUMERICAL AND GEOINFORMATICAL SYSTEMS." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce3cca6d662.10106976.

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The questions on kinematics and morphodynamics of estuarine zones assessment are considered with help of numerical and GIS methods for natural and construction systems monitoring. The monitoring is fulfilled on the basis of the time-spatial database for estuarine part of Danube to Black Sea navigational canal trough the Bystry branch of Cilia delta. To the database we include not only river and reservoir shores and depth but the constantly acting hydrometeorogical parameters as well. The database is used for river and canal navigation analysis, coastal line and fairway stability.As a result we propose the recommendations on protection and training dike structures due to the principle of natural analog type constructures for dredging, seawater rejection and soil deposits utilization as material for artificial offshore structures
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Демиденко, Н., and N. Demidenko. "COASTAL AND ESTUARINE SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN THE MEZEN BAY AND ESTUARIES MEZEN AND KULOY." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce39a80e646.57291683.

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In the Mezen bay and estuaries Mezen and Kuloy can be high concentrations of mud suspension there, involving the formation at times mobile suspensions and settled mud. Within estuaries the river water is mixed with the sea water by the action of tidal motions, by waves on the sea surface and by the river discharge forcing its way to the sea. Nearly all shallow tidal estuaries, where currents exceed about 1,0m s-1 and where sand is present, have sand waves. Sand waves have a variety of cross-sectional and plan forms.
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Itskovich, Valeria, O. Kaluzhnaya, R. Prathiviraj, G. Seghal Kiran, and J. Selvin. "Microbiome Analysis of Healthy and Bleached Freshwater Sponges." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09511.

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Kalita, T. L., O. N. Mingaleova, D. S. Khatuntsov, and A. N. Zhavnerov. "Freshwater Artificial Reefs As A Way To Increase Of The Productivity." In International Scientific and Practical Conference "Biotechnology, Ecology, Nature Management". European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epls.22011.8.

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Kuchikhin, Yu A. "Determination Of The Threshold Concentration Of Anolyte For Freshwater Fish Species." In International Scientific and Practical Conference "Biotechnology, Ecology, Nature Management". European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epls.22011.11.

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He, Ding, Yanzhen Zhang, Qingyuan Lu, Penghui Li, Chen He, Yuntao Wang, Quan Shi, and Yongge Sun. "Eutrophication and Tidal Marshes Shape Dissolved Organic Matter Chemistry along Two Freshwater-Estuarine Transects." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.991.

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Grabowska, Magdalena. "The Role of Springs in Maintaining the Biodiversity of Freshwater Algae." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09510.

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Reports on the topic "Estuarine and freshwater ecology"

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Valenzuela, Nicole M. Evolutionary Ecology of Freshwater Turtles. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-298.

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Ray, Gary L. Invasive Animal Species in Marine and Estuarine Environments: Biology and Ecology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430308.

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Johnson, Gary E., Adam Storch, J. R. Skalski, Amanda J. Bryson, Christine Mallette, Amy B. Borde, E. Van Dyke, et al. Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Shallow Tidal Freshwater Habitats of the Lower Columbia River, 2007?2010. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1009747.

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Sobocinski, Kathryn L., Gary E. Johnson, Nichole K. Sather, Adam Storch, Tucker A. Jones, Christine Mallette, Earl M. Dawley, John R. Skalski, David Teel, and Paul Moran. Ecology of Juvenile Salmonids in Shallow Tidal Freshwater Habitats in the Vicinity of the Sandy River Delta, Lower Columbia River, 2007. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/947922.

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Sather, Nichole K., Gary E. Johnson, Adam Storch, David Teel, John R. Skalski, Tucker A. Jones, Earl M. Dawley, et al. Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Shallow Tidal Freshwater Habitats in the Vicinity of the Sandy River Delta, Lower Columbia River, 2008. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/962847.

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Diefenderfer, Heida L., Gary E. Johnson, Ronald M. Thom, Amy B. Borde, Christa M. Woodley, Laurie A. Weitkamp, Kate E. Buenau, and Roy K. Kropp. An Evidence-Based Evaluation of the Cumulative Effects of Tidal Freshwater and Estuarine Ecosystem Restoration on Endangered Juvenile Salmon in the Columbia River: Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1113603.

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Garono, Ralph, and Rob Robinson. Estuarine and Tidal Freshwater Habitat Cover Types Along the Lower Columbia River Estuary Determined from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) Imagery, Technical Report 2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/962829.

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Sather, NK, GE Johnson, and AJ Storch. Ecology of Juvenile Salmon in Shallow Tidal Freshwater Habitats in the Vicinity of the Sandy River Delta, Lower Columbia River, 2008 Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/961983.

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Sobocinski, Kathryn, Gary Johnson, and Nichole Sather. Ecology of Juvenile Salmonids in Shallow Tidal Freshwater Habitats in the Vicinity of the Sandy River Delta, Lower Columbia River, 2007 Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/961989.

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Pokrzywinski, Kaytee, Kaitlin Volk, Taylor Rycroft, Susie Wood, Tim Davis, and Jim Lazorchak. Aligning research and monitoring priorities for benthic cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins : a workshop summary. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41680.

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In 2018, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center partnered with the US Army Corps of Engineers–Buffalo District, the US Environmental Protection Agency, Bowling Green State University, and the Cawthron Institute to host a workshop focused on benthic and sediment-associated cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins, particularly in the context of harmful algal blooms (HAB). Technical sessions on the ecology of benthic cyanobacteria in lakes and rivers; monitoring of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins; detection of benthic and sediment-bound cyanotoxins; and the fate, transport, and health risks of cyanobacteria and their associated toxins were presented. Research summaries included the buoyancy and dispersal of benthic freshwater cyanobacteria mats, the fate and quantification of cyanotoxins in lake sediments, and spatial and temporal variation of toxins in streams. In addition, summaries of remote sensing methods, omic techniques, and field sampling techniques were presented. Critical research gaps identified from this workshop include (1) ecology of benthic cyanobacteria, (2) identity, fate, transport, and risk of cyanotoxins produced by benthic cyanobacteria, (3) standardized sampling and analysis protocols, and (4) increased technical cooperation between government, academia, industry, nonprofit organizations, and other stakeholders. Conclusions from this workshop can inform monitoring and management efforts for benthic cyanobacteria and their associated toxins.
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