Journal articles: 'Estrogenic endocrine disruptors'

1

Munteanu, Constantin, and Mihai Hoteteu. "Estrogenic compounds – endocrine disruptors." Balneo Research Journal 2, no. 4 (December 20, 2011): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12680/balneo.2011.1021.

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Liu, Yan Qun, and Xiong Bing Lu. "Establishing a Assay for Detection of Nonylphenol Estrogenic Effects." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3003.

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Environmental estrogen could mimic natural estrogens thereby disrupting the endocrine systems of human and animals. The actions of such endocrine disruptors have been studied mainly on reproduction and development. To explore the estrogenic effects of NP by reporter genebased assays we developed. pERE-GFP plamid was generated by inserting estrogen response element fragment into pGADD153-GFP. the recombinant was confirmed by restriction enzyme map and transfected into SPC-A1 cells to ensure the expression of green fluorescent protein．The assay we established in usful, NP could induce the estrogenic activities at any of the tested concentrations.

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Santti, Risto, Sari Mäkelä, Leena Strauss, Johanna Korkman, and Marja-Lsa Kostian. "Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males." Toxicology and Industrial Health 14, no. 1-2 (January 1998): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379801400114.

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Exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) induces persistent structural and functional alterations in the developing reproductive tract of males. It is possible that xenoestrogens other than DES alter sexual differentiation in males and account for the increasing incidence of developmental disorders of the reproductive tract in men and wild animals. Phytoestrogens (coumestans, isoflavonoids, flavonoids, and lignans) present in numerous edible plants are quantitatively the most important environmental estrogens when their hormonal potency is assessed in vitro. They exert their estrogenic activity by interacting with estrogen receptors (ERs) in vitro. They may also act as antiestrogens by competing for the binding sites of estrogen receptors or the active site of the estrogen biosynthesizing and metabolizing enzymes, such as aromatase and estrogen-specific 17β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (type 1). In theory, phytoestrogens and structurally related compounds could harm the reproductive health of males also by acting as antiestrogens. There are very little data on effects of phytoestrogens in males. Estrogenic effects in wildlife have been described but the evidence for the role of phytoestrogens is indirect and seen under conditions of excessive exposure. In doses comparable to the daily intake from soy- based feed, isoflavonoids such as genistein were estrogen agonists in the prostate of adult laboratory rodents. When given neonatally, no persistent effects were observed. In contrast, the central nervous system (CNS)-gonadal axis and the male sexual behavior of the rat appear to be sensitive to phytoestrogens during development. The changes were similar but not identical to those seen after neonatal treatment with DES, but higher doses of phytoestrogens were needed.There are no data on effects of phytoestrogens given as pure compounds to humans, and all evidence currently available is indirect and based on experiments with phytoestrogen- rich diets. The hormonal effects have so far been marginal. It is known that the intake of phytoestrogens is higher in countries where the incidence rates of clinical conditions linked to estrogen exposure, such as hypospadia or testicular and prostatic cancers, are low. This makes it unlikely that phytoestrogens, or structurally related compounds in amounts present in Asian diets, would have DES-like actions. This does not exclude possibilities that they influence concentrations of endogenous sex hormones and interact with the ER, and that through these mechanisms they alter male sex differentiation, and consequently increase the risks of male genital tract tumors or developmental disorders, particularly in doses exceeding the daily intake of phytoestrogens in Asian diets.

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Gea, Marta, Chao Zhang, Roberta Tota, Gianfranco Gilardi, Giovanna Di Nardo, and Tiziana Schilirò. "Assessment of Five Pesticides as Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Effects on Estrogen Receptors and Aromatase." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 1959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19041959.

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Pesticides are widely applied all over the world, and pesticide exposure can induce different biological effects posing a possible threat to human health. Due to their effects on the endocrine system, some pesticides are classified as endocrine disruptors. The aim of the study is to assess the interference of five pesticides on estrogen biosynthesis and estrogen signaling. Three neonicotinoid insecticides (Acetamiprid, Clothianidin, and Thiamethoxam), a carbamate insecticide (Methiocarb) and a herbicide (Oxadiazon) were tested. The effect of pesticides on estrogen biosynthesis was studied through an ELISA assay using a recombinant form of human aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of androgens to estrogens. Moreover, the effect of pesticides on estrogen signaling was assessed using a gene reporter assay on MELN cells, which measures estrogen receptor-mediated estrogenic activity. The results of the ELISA assay showed that the pesticides did not alter aromatase activity (no interference with estrogen biosynthesis), while the results of the gene reporter assay showed that only Methiocarb was able to alter estrogen signaling at high doses. The estrogenic activity of Methiocarb, expressed as 17β-estradiol equivalency factor (EEF), was equal to 8.0 × 10−8. In conclusion, this study suggested that Methiocarb should be considered a potential endocrine disruptor.

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Schooling, C. M., and J. Zhao. "Estrogenic endocrine disruptors and autoimmune disease." International Journal of Epidemiology 44, no. 1 (July 4, 2014): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu133.

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Kiyama, Ryoiti, and Yuko Wada-Kiyama. "Estrogenic endocrine disruptors: Molecular mechanisms of action." Environment International 83 (October 2015): 11–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.012.

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Nekvapil, Tomáš, Ivana Borkovcová, Miriam Smutná, and Zdeňka Svobodová. "Estrogenic Profile of the Svratka and Svitava Rivers in the Brno Area." Acta Veterinaria Brno 78, no. 2 (2009): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200978020313.

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Estrogens are chemical compounds considered to be endocrine disruptors. They are thought to affect the endocrine system even at low concentrations found in water (ng l-1). The aim of this work was to determine estrogenic compound levels in the rivers in the Brno area. The concentration of 17β-estradiol, ethynylestradiol, estrone and diethylstilbestrol was estimated in the water samples collected in the Svratka and Svitava rivers. Estrogens were isolated from the samples using solid-phase extraction with Oasis HLB cartridges and determined by means of reversed phase HPLC with UV detection. The detection limit of the method used was 6 ng l-1, repeatability expressed as RSD was 11%, and recovery was 87 - 103%. Estrogen values detected ranged in the interval of 6-209 ng l-1, depending on the sampling site. After treatment in the sewage water treatment plant, the water displayed markedly lower levels of estrogenic compounds. The results of the experiment demonstrate that HPLC-UV is a suitable method for determination of low concentrations of estrogens in water. The sewage water treatment plant reduces concentrations of estrogens but not sufficiently to prevent their estrogenic effect on fish.

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Sikka, Suresh C., and Run Wang. "Endocrine disruptors and estrogenic effects on male reproductive axis." Asian Journal of Andrology 10, no. 1 (January 2008): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00370.x.

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9

Wormsbaecher, Clarissa, Andrea R. Hindman, Alex Avendano, Marcos Cortes-Medina, Jonathan W. Song, and Craig J. Burd. "Abstract 2687: The estrogenic activities of endocrine disruptors alter the extracellular matrix and tissue stiffness in the mammary gland." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2687.

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Abstract In utero exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) increases a woman’s lifetime risk of breast cancer. Similarly, mice exposed in utero to the estrogenic EDC bisphenol A (BPA) have increased susceptibility to mammary gland tumors. It is unclear which BPA-induced alterations predispose the mammary gland to cancer transformation. There is a critical need to understand the mechanisms that drive increased cancer risk in order to assess the impact of BPA and BPA alternatives that retain estrogenic activity. We have utilized in utero BPA exposure as a model system for in utero estrogenic endocrine disruption to study the long-term consequences to the mouse mammary stroma. We found that BPA exposed fibroblasts showed significant transcriptional deregulation, with the extracellular matrix being the most altered cellular component and multiple collagen genes being more highly expressed. The fibroblasts from the BPA exposed mice decreased fluid permeability of the extracellular matrix, indicative of an increased density in the extracellular matrix. Also, in utero BPA exposure increased mammary gland stiffness. Changes to breast density, stiffness, and collagen deposition are all associated with breast cancer risk. Further, we test BPA alternative compounds with varying affinities for the estrogen receptor in our in utero model to assess the phenotypes in the mouse mammary stroma which are associated with breast cancer risk. Additionally, we use a mesenchymal estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) knockout mouse model to dissect the in utero cellular target of EDCs. Citation Format: Clarissa Wormsbaecher, Andrea R. Hindman, Alex Avendano, Marcos Cortes-Medina, Jonathan W. Song, Craig J. Burd. The estrogenic activities of endocrine disruptors alter the extracellular matrix and tissue stiffness in the mammary gland [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2687.

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Jung, Eui-Man, Beum-Soo An, Hyun Yang, Kyung-Chul Choi, and Eui-Bae Jeung. "Biomarker Genes for Detecting Estrogenic Activity of Endocrine Disruptors via Estrogen Receptors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9, no. 3 (February 24, 2012): 698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9030698.

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11

Doke, Mayur, Vincent Avecilla, and Quentin Felty. "Inhibitor of Differentiation-3 and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors: Implications for Susceptibility to Obesity and Metabolic Disorders." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6821601.

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The rising global incidence of obesity cannot be fully explained within the context of traditional risk factors such as an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, aging, or genetics. Adipose tissue is an endocrine as well as a metabolic organ that may be susceptible to disruption by environmental estrogenic chemicals. Since some of the endocrine disruptors are lipophilic chemicals with long half-lives, they tend to bioaccumulate in the adipose tissue of exposed populations. Elevated exposure to these chemicals may predispose susceptible individuals to weight gain by increasing the number and size of fat cells. Genetic studies have demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator inhibitor of differentiation-3 (ID3) promotes high fat diet-induced obesity in vivo. We have shown previously that PCB153 and natural estrogen 17β-estradiol increase ID3 expression. Based on our findings, we postulate that ID3 is a molecular target of estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs) in the adipose tissue and a better understanding of this relationship may help to explain how EEDs can lead to the transcriptional programming of deviant fat cells. This review will discuss the current understanding of ID3 in excess fat accumulation and the potential for EEDs to influence susceptibility to obesity or metabolic disorders via ID3 signaling.

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12

Chang, Jia, Jianhua Zhou, Mingyang Gao, Hongyan Zhang, and Tian Wang. "Research Advances in the Analysis of Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Milk and Dairy Products." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 3057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193057.

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Milk and dairy products are sources of exposure to estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (e-EDCs). Estrogenic disruptors can accumulate in organisms through the food chain and may negatively affect ecosystems and organisms even at low concentrations. Therefore, the analysis of e-EDCs in dairy products is of practical significance. Continuous efforts have been made to establish effective methods to detect e-EDCs, using convenient sample pretreatments and simple steps. This review aims to summarize the recently reported pretreatment methods for estrogenic disruptors, such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid phase microextraction (LPME), determination methods including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), Raman spectroscopy, and biosensors, to provide a reliable theoretical basis and operational method for e-EDC analysis in the future.

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13

Handam, Natasha Berendonk. "Estrogenic activity in reused water: comparison of concentration methods." International Journal of Hydrology 5, no. 3 (June 16, 2021): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2021.05.00274.

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Determining the presence of endocrine disrupting substances in waters is a relevant aspect for monitoring environmental health. Given its relevance, it is important to use methods that can make the total concentration of substances with estrogenic activity (eg endocrine disruptors), being faster, and without the use of compounds that pollute the environment. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the methods of concentration by lyophilization and by vacuum concentration of substances with estrogenic activity present in reused water, using the commonly used methodology, solid phase extraction. Three methods were compared: solid phase extraction, lyophilization, and vacuum centrifugation. Sample aliquots of reused water received 17β-estradiol at a final concentration of 2 μg L-1 and were concentrated by the three methods. The analysis of estrogenic activity was performed by the in vitro YES (Yeast Estrogen Screen) assay. The results showed that the vacuum centrifugation, solid phase extraction and lyophilization methods had different percentages in the recovery of substances with estrogenic activity, being 45%, 40%, and 31%, respectively. The study pointed out that the lyophilization and vacuum centrifugation methods were effective as alternative methods for concentrating samples containing substances with estrogenic activity.

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Das, Diptatanu, and Shantanu Das. "Endocrine Disruptor—A threat to the animal world." International Academic Publishing House 24 (April 30, 2021): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2021.v24.002.

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Various types of naturally occurring and artificially made chemicals cause disruption of endocrine processes among animals. They mimic biochemically with hormones and interfere with the normal signaling and activity of the endocrine system, causing enormous changes at the cellular level of animals from lower to higher organisms, including human being. These modified regulations of cellular activities as a result of endocrine disruptors have severe implications at the organismal level. Types and adverse effects of these natural and synthetic agents, especially estrogenic compounds causing biological threats have been discussed in details in this review.

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Tang, Zi-Run, Xue-Ling Xu, Shou-Long Deng, Zheng-Xing Lian, and Kun Yu. "Oestrogenic Endocrine Disruptors in the Placenta and the Fetus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 23, 2020): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041519.

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Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with the stability and regulation of the endocrine system of the body or its offspring. These substances are generally stable in chemical properties, not easy to be biodegraded, and can be enriched in organisms. In the past half century, EDCs have gradually entered the food chain, and these substances have been frequently found in maternal blood. Perinatal maternal hormone levels are unstable and vulnerable to EDCs. Some EDCs can affect embryonic development through the blood-fetal barrier and cause damage to the neuroendocrine system, liver function, and genital development. Some also effect cross-generational inheritance through epigenetic mechanisms. This article mainly elaborates the mechanism and detection methods of estrogenic endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), diethylstilbestrol (DES) and phthalates (PAEs), and their effects on placenta and fetal health in order to raise concerns about the proper use of products containing EDCs during pregnancy and provide a reference for human health.

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Fiocchetti, Marco, Giovanna Bastari, Manuela Cipolletti, Stefano Leone, Filippo Acconcia, and Maria Marino. "The Peculiar Estrogenicity of Diethyl Phthalate: Modulation of Estrogen Receptor α Activities in the Proliferation of Breast Cancer Cells." Toxics 9, no. 10 (September 25, 2021): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9100237.

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Phthalates comprise a group of synthetic chemicals present in the environment because of their wide use as plasticizers and as additives in products for personal care. Among others, diethyl phthalate (DEP) is largely used in products for infants, children, and adults, in which its exposure has been correlated with an increased risk of breast cancer. The adverse health outcomes deriving from phthalate exposure have been associated with their activity as endocrine disruptors (EDCs) of the steroid and thyroid hormone signaling by affecting developmental and reproductive health, and even carcinogenicity. However, the estrogen disruptor activities of DEP are still controversial, and the mechanism at the root of the estrogenic-disrupting action of DEP remains to be clarified. Here, we evaluated the DEP mechanism of action on the activation status of estrogen receptor α (ERα) by analyzing the receptor’s phosphorylation as well as both nuclear and extra-nuclear pathways triggered by the receptor to modulate the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Although DEP does not bind to ERα, our results suggest that this phthalate ester exerts multiple parallel interactions with ERα signaling and emphasize the importance to determine an appropriate battery of in vitro methods that will include specific molecular mechanisms involved in the endocrine disruption.

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Gimiliani, Giovana Teixeira, Roberto Fioravanti Carelli Fontes, and Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa. "Modeling the dispersion of endocrine disruptors in the Santos Estuarine System (Sao Paulo State, Brazil)." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 64, no. 1 (March 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592016072806401.

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Abstract Estrogens are hormones responsible for growth and reproduction. They are naturally synthesized by animals and humans alike. Xenoestrogens are identical to natural hormones, but they are man-made and used as oral contraceptives. Xenoestrogens are a specific group of drugs found in domestic wastewater and some environmental matrices. These compounds remain after conventional sewage treatment and, consequently, affect both the environment and non-target aquatic organisms. In this study, we used the Delft3D hydrodynamic model to estimate the amount of both natural and synthetic estrogens that have been released in the Estuarine System of Santos and São Vicente and the Santos Bay. The data on flow from the sewage treatment plants and on average concentrations of natural and synthetic estrogens released in aquatic environments were obtained from the literature. The results of the modeling showed higher concentrations of estrogens in the estuarine waters of the Largo Pompeba region, the São Vicente Canal, and the Santos Bay, which are regions that receive greater inflows of domestic sewage. The results also suggest that higher concentrations of estrogenic compounds are expected to be found in areas with higher levels of salinity.

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Tanaka, H., Y. Yakou, A. Takahashi, T. Higashitani, and K. Komori. "Comparison between estrogenicities estimated from DNA recombinant yeast assay and from chemical analyses of endocrine disruptors during sewage treatment." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0081.

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This study discusses the estrogenicity and the extent of estrogenic effects, of sewage and treated sewage in public sewage treatment plants in Japan. The estrogenicity in this study was measured with a DNA recombinant yeast strain. Using this method, 43 chemicals that are suspected to have estrogen-like effects were measured and their estrogenicities were evaluated in terms of 17β-estradiol equivalents by comparison with the estrogenicity of 17β-estradiol. 17β-estradiol equivalents of influent and effluent sampled from 20 sewage treatment plants (STPs) were measured with this method. Because the concentrations of endocrine disruptors (EDs) in the STPs were monitored by the Ministry of Construction (MOC), the estrogenic effects estimated from the chemical data were obtained as a theoretical estrogenicity in terms of 17β-estradiol equivalent. The results suggest that STPs effectively reduce the estrogenicity and the theoretical estrogenicity during treatment, and that there were some differences between the estrogenicity assayed by the yeast and the theoretical estrogenicity in many STPs, particularly in influent sewage. Therefore, it is implied that unknown estrogen-like substances or antagonists might exist in influent sewage and treated sewage in STPs.

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Avecilla, Andrea, Mayur Doke, Jeremy Jovellanos, and Vincent Avecilla. "Contribution of Inhibitor of Differentiation and Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors to Neurocognitive Disorders." Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (August 3, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci6030061.

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The devastating growth in the worldwide frequency of neurocognitive disorders and its allied difficulties, such as decline in memory, spatial competency, and ability to focus, poses a significant psychological public health problem. Inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins are members of a family of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors. ID proteins have been demonstrated to be involved in neurodevelopmental and depressive diseases and, thus, may influence neurocognitive deficiencies due to environmental exposure. Previously, it has been demonstrated that environmental factors, such as estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs), have played an essential role in the influence of various neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease. Based on this increasing number of reports, we consider the impact of these environmental pollutants on ID proteins. Better understanding of how these ID proteins by which EED exposure can affect neurocognitive disorders in populations will prospectively deliver valuable information in the impediment and regulation of these diseases linked with environmental factor exposure.

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Massart, S., S. Milla, and P. Kestemont. "Evaluation of estrogenic endocrine disruptors effects on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immunity." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 34, no. 6 (June 2013): 1723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2013.03.268.

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21

Wagner, Martin, and Jörg Oehlmann. "Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: Estrogenic activity in the E-Screen." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 127, no. 1-2 (October 2011): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.10.007.

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Heinze, John. "Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: Estrogenic activity in the E-Screen." Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 127, no. 1-2 (October 2011): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.06.004.

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Prokai, Laszlo, Fatima Rahlouni, Khadiza Zaman, Vien Nguyen, and Katalin Prokai-Tatrai. "Proteomics Complementation of the Rat Uterotrophic Assay for Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors: A Roadmap of Advancing High Resolution Mass Spectrometry-Based Shotgun Survey to Targeted Biomarker Quantifications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041686.

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The widely used rat uterotrophic assay to assess known and potential estrogenic compounds only considers uterine weight gain as endpoint measurement. To complement this method with an advanced technology that reveals molecular targets, we analyzed changes in protein expression using label-free quantitative proteomics by nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry from uterine protein extracts of ovariectomized rats after daily 17β-estradiol exposure for five days in comparison with those of vehicle-treated control animals. Our discovery-driven study revealed 165 uterine proteins significantly regulated by estrogen treatment and mapped by pathway analyses. Estrogen-regulated proteins represented cell death, survival and development, cellular growth and proliferation, and protein synthesis as top molecular and cellular functions, and a network found with the presence of nuclear estrogen receptor(s) as a prominent molecular node confirmed the relevance of our findings to hormone-associated events. An exploratory application of targeted proteomics to bisphenol A as a well-known example of an estrogenic endocrine disruptor is also presented. Overall, the results of this study have demonstrated the power of combining untargeted and targeted quantitative proteomic strategies to identify and verify candidate molecular markers for the evaluation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals to complement a conventional bioassay.

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Křížová, Ludmila, Kateřina Dadáková, Jitka Kašparovská, and Tomáš Kašparovský. "Isoflavones." Molecules 24, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061076.

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Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring nonsteroidal phenolic plant compounds that, due to their molecular structure and size, resemble vertebrate steroids estrogens. This review is focused on plant flavonoids isoflavones, which are ranked among the most estrogenic compounds. The main dietary sources of isoflavones for humans are soybean and soybean products, which contain mainly daidzein and genistein. When they are consumed, they exert estrogenic and/or antiestrogenic effects. Isoflavones are considered chemoprotective and can be used as an alternative therapy for a wide range of hormonal disorders, including several cancer types, namely breast cancer and prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, or menopausal symptoms. On the other hand, isoflavones may also be considered endocrine disruptors with possible negative influences on the state of health in a certain part of the population or on the environment. This review deals with isoflavone classification, structure, and occurrence, with their metabolism, biological, and health effects in humans and animals, and with their utilization and potential risks.

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Tabasso, Cassandra, Marie-Pauline Frossard, Camille Ducret, Hassib Chehade, Claire Mauduit, Mohamed Benahmed, Umberto Simeoni, and Benazir Siddeek. "Transient Post-Natal Exposure to Xenoestrogens Induces Long-Term Alterations in Cardiac Calcium Signaling." Toxics 10, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10030102.

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Today, non-communicable disorders are widespread worldwide. Among them, cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of death. At the origin of these diseases, exposure to challenges during developmental windows of vulnerability (peri-conception, in utero, and early infancy periods) have been incriminated. Among the challenges that have been described, endocrine disruptors are of high concern because of their omnipresence in the environment. Worrisomely, since birth, children are exposed to a significant number of endocrine disruptors. However, the role of such early exposure on long-term cardiac health is poorly described. In this context, based on a model of rats exposed postnatally and transiently to an estrogenic compound prototype (estradiol benzoate, EB), we aimed to delineate the effects on the adult heart of such transient early exposure to endocrine disruptors and identify the underlying mechanisms involved in the potential pathogenesis. We found that this transient post-natal exposure to EB induced cardiac hypertrophy in adulthood, with increased cardiomyocyte size. The evaluation of cardiac calcium signaling, through immunoblot approaches, highlighted decreased expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and decreased Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells (NFAT3) phosphorylation as a potential underlying mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the treatment of cardiomyocytes with EB in vitro induced a decrease in SERCA2 protein levels. Overall, our study demonstrates that early transient exposure to EB induces permanent cardiac alterations. Together, our data highlight SERCA2 down-regulation as a potential mechanism involved in the cardiac pathogenesis induced by EB. These results suggest programming of adult heart dysfunctions such as arrhythmia and heart failures by early exposure to endocrine disruptors and could open new perspectives for treatment and prevention.

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Briz, V., J. M. Molina-Molina, B. Caballero, M. Fernández, N. Olea, E. Rodríguez-Farre, and C. Suñol. "Estrogenic effects of the endocrine disruptors dieldrin, endosulfan and lindane in neuronal cultures." Toxicology Letters 196 (July 2010): S317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1002.

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Kozlowska-Tylingo, Katarzyna, Jacek Namieśnik, and Tadeusz Górecki. "Determination of Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors in Environmental Samples—A Review of Chromatographic Methods." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 40, no. 3 (July 30, 2010): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408347.2010.490488.

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Plotan, Monika, Christopher T. Elliott, Caroline Frizzell, and Lisa Connolly. "Estrogenic endocrine disruptors present in sports supplements. A risk assessment for human health." Food Chemistry 159 (September 2014): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.153.

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Kawai, Shin'ichiro, M. Kobayashi, and Hideo Kaneko. "Effects of endocrine active substances in wildlife species: Genetic, biochemical, and physiological factors in variable susceptibility to endocrine disruptors." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112335.

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Responses to endocrine active substances (EASs) in animals are various, and differences between the responses among individuals, populations and species are well known. These differences are observed not only in EASs but in most environmental chemicals including synthetic and naturally occurring ones. The basic differences in sensitivity to EASs are attributed to that of affinity or specificity of the receptors to EASs at the cellular level. Although the nucleotide sequences encoding for estrogen receptor proteins have been documented in several species and the functions of the receptors are the same, the ability to bind the natural hormones and the estrogenic xenobiotics is not necessarily identical. The reproductive endocrine system is basically common among vertebrates, but chemical types of hormones, physiological roles of hormones and the basal blood levels of hormones differ among each species, especially in sex steroids. These differences cause various types of responses and sensitivity to EASs among animal species. Xenobiotic metabolism is important for the genetical, biochemical and physiological factors concerning the influence of EASs. Some EASs directly inhibit cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity as was reported in tributyltin that inhibits CYP19 (aromatase) activity causing imposex in neogastropods. Some organochlorines including dioxins stimulate aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated xenobiotic metabolism, and result in the metabolic disruption of steroid hormones such as estrogen as were reported in eggshell thinning in birds of prey and uterus occlusion in seals. CYP activity greatly differs among wildlife species in both terrestrial and aquatic organisms, and these differences are significantly responsible for the multiple effects or toxicity of EASs. Sex and age differences also cause different responses to EASs and are largely due to the differences in xenobiotic metabolizing activities.

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Wang, Li-Hsuan, Li-Ru Chen, and Kuo-Hu Chen. "In Vitro and Vivo Identification, Metabolism and Action of Xenoestrogens: An Overview." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22084013.

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Xenoestrogens (XEs) are substances that imitate endogenous estrogens to affect the physiologic functions of humans or other animals. As endocrine disruptors, they can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds derived from diet, pesticides, cosmetics, plastics, plants, industrial byproducts, metals, and medications. By mimicking the chemical structure that is naturally occurring estrogen compounds, synthetic XEs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bisphenol A (BPA), and diethylstilbestrol (DES), are considered the focus of a group of exogenous chemical. On the other hand, nature phytoestrogens in soybeans can also serve as XEs to exert estrogenic activities. In contrast, some XEs are not similar to estrogens in structure and can affect the physiologic functions in ways other than ER-ERE ligand routes. Studies have confirmed that even the weakly active compounds could interfere with the hormonal balance with persistency or high concentrations of XEs, thus possibly being associated with the occurrence of the reproductive tract or neuroendocrine disorders and congenital malformations. However, XEs are most likely to exert tissue-specific and non-genomic actions when estrogen concentrations are relatively low. Current research has reported that there is not only one factor affected by XEs, but opposite directions are also found on several occasions, or even different components stem from the identical endocrine pathway; thus, it is more challenging and unpredictable of the physical health. This review provides a summary of the identification, detection, metabolism, and action of XEs. However, many details of the underlying mechanisms remain unknown and warrant further investigation.

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Walker, Benjamin S., Alexander G. Kramer, and Christopher S. Lassiter. "Atrazine affects craniofacial chondrogenesis and axial skeleton mineralization in zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Toxicology and Industrial Health 34, no. 5 (March 25, 2018): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233718760419.

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Atrazine is a commonly used herbicide that has previously been implicated as an endocrine-disrupting compound. Previous studies have shown that estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds affect the development of the heart, cartilage, and bone in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). To determine whether atrazine has effects similar to other endocrine disruptors, zebrafish embryos were treated with a range of atrazine concentrations. Atrazine treatment at a low concentration of 0.1 µM resulted in significant differences in craniofacial cartilage elements, while concentrations ≥1 µM led to decreased survival and increased heart rates. Fish treated with ≥1 µM atrazine also developed with delayed vertebrae mineralization. Higher concentrations of atrazine caused gross craniofacial defects and decreased hatching rates. Further studies into the molecular pathways disrupted in these developmental processes could shed light on a link between endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental abnormalities.

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Kuwada, Masahiro, Rei Kawashima, Kazuo Nakamura, Hideyo Hasumi, and Jun Maki. "Study of Neonatal Exposure to Estrogenic and Androgenic Endocrine Disruptors by Normal-Phase HPLC." Drug Delivery Letterse 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303111202020126.

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Kuwada, Masahiro, Rei Kawashima, Kazuo Nakamura, Hideyo Hasumi, and Jun Maki. "Study of Neonatal Exposure to Estrogenic and Androgenic Endocrine Disruptors by Normal-Phase HPLC." Drug Delivery Letters 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210304x11202020126.

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Rocha, Maria João, Tânia V. Madureira, Carla Sofia Venade, Irene Martins, Joana Campos, and Eduardo Rocha. "Presence of estrogenic endocrine disruptors in three European estuaries in Northwest Iberian Peninsula (Portugal)." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 101, no. 3-6 (July 3, 2019): 244–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248.2019.1692019.

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Wagner, Martin, and Jörg Oehlmann. "Endocrine disruptors in bottled mineral water: total estrogenic burden and migration from plastic bottles." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 16, no. 3 (March 10, 2009): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-009-0107-7.

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Hiramatsu, Naoshi, Takahiro Matsubara, Toshiaki Fujita, Craig V. Sullivan, and Akihiko Hara. "Multiple piscine vitellogenins: biomarkers of fish exposure to estrogenic endocrine disruptors in aquatic environments." Marine Biology 149, no. 1 (January 25, 2006): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0214-z.

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Ruffinatti, Federico Alessandro, Alessandra Gilardino, Valter Secchi, Erika Cottone, Davide Lovisolo, and Patrizia Bovolin. "Bisphenol A Activates Calcium Influx in Immortalized GnRH Neurons." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092160.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used chemicals worldwide, e.g., as a component of plastic containers for food and water. It is considered to exert an estrogenic effect, by mimicking estradiol (E2) action. Because of this widespread presence, it has attracted the interest and concern of researchers and regulators. Despite the vast amount of related literature, the potential adverse effects of environmentally significant doses of BPA are still object of controversy, and the mechanisms by which it can perturb endocrine functions, and particularly the neuroendocrine axis, are not adequately understood. One of the ways by which endocrine disruptors (EDCs) can exert their effects is the perturbation of calcium signaling mechanisms. In this study, we addressed the issue of the impact of BPA on the neuroendocrine system with an in vitro approach, using a consolidated model of immortalized Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) expressing neurons, the GT1–7 cell line, focusing on the calcium signals activated by the endocrine disruptor. The investigation was limited to biologically relevant doses (nM–µM range). We found that BPA induced moderate increases in intracellular calcium concentration, comparable with those induced by nanomolar doses of E2, without affecting cell survival and with only a minor effect on proliferation.

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Mallia, Vittoria, Lada Ivanova, Gunnar S. Eriksen, Emma Harper, Lisa Connolly, and Silvio Uhlig. "Investigation of In Vitro Endocrine Activities of Microcystis and Planktothrix Cyanobacterial Strains." Toxins 12, no. 4 (April 4, 2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040228.

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Cyanobacteria are cosmopolitan photosynthetic prokaryotes that can form dense accumulations in aquatic environments. They are able to produce many bioactive metabolites, some of which are potentially endocrine disrupting compounds, i.e., compounds that interfere with the hormonal systems of animals and humans. Endocrine disruptors represent potential risks to both environmental and human health, making them a global challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential endocrine disrupting activities with emphasis on estrogenic effects of extracts from cultures of Microcystis or Planktothrix species. We also assessed the possible role of microcystins, some of the most studied cyanobacterial toxins, and thus included both microcystin-producing and non-producing strains. Extracts from 26 cyanobacterial cultures were initially screened in estrogen-, androgen-, and glucocorticoid-responsive reporter-gene assays (RGAs) in order to identify endocrine disruption at the level of nuclear receptor transcriptional activity. Extracts from selected strains were tested repeatedly in the estrogen-responsive RGAs, but the observed estrogen agonist and antagonist activity was minor and similar to that of the cyanobacteria growth medium control. We thus focused on another, non-receptor mediated mechanism of action, and studied the 17β-estradiol (natural estrogen hormone) biotransformation in human liver microsomes in the presence or absence of microcystin-LR (MC-LR), or an extract from the MC-LR producing M. aeruginosa PCC7806 strain. Our results show a modulating effect on the estradiol biotransformation. Thus, while 2-hydroxylation was significantly decreased following co-incubation of 17β-estradiol with MC-LR or M. aeruginosa PCC7806 extract, the relative concentration of estrone was increased.

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Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia, Jean-Pierre Bourguignon, Linda C. Giudice, Russ Hauser, Gail S. Prins, Ana M. Soto, R. Thomas Zoeller, and Andrea C. Gore. "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement." Endocrine Reviews 30, no. 4 (June 1, 2009): 293–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0002.

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Abstract There is growing interest in the possible health threat posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which are substances in our environment, food, and consumer products that interfere with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting in a deviation from normal homeostatic control or reproduction. In this first Scientific Statement of The Endocrine Society, we present the evidence that endocrine disruptors have effects on male and female reproduction, breast development and cancer, prostate cancer, neuroendocrinology, thyroid, metabolism and obesity, and cardiovascular endocrinology. Results from animal models, human clinical observations, and epidemiological studies converge to implicate EDCs as a significant concern to public health. The mechanisms of EDCs involve divergent pathways including (but not limited to) estrogenic, antiandrogenic, thyroid, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, retinoid, and actions through other nuclear receptors; steroidogenic enzymes; neurotransmitter receptors and systems; and many other pathways that are highly conserved in wildlife and humans, and which can be modeled in laboratory in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, EDCs represent a broad class of molecules such as organochlorinated pesticides and industrial chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, fuels, and many other chemicals that are present in the environment or are in widespread use. We make a number of recommendations to increase understanding of effects of EDCs, including enhancing increased basic and clinical research, invoking the precautionary principle, and advocating involvement of individual and scientific society stakeholders in communicating and implementing changes in public policy and awareness.

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Martins, Carla, Duarte Torres, Carla Lopes, Daniela Correia, Ana Goios, Ricardo Assunção, Paula Alvito, et al. "Food Consumption Data as a Tool to Estimate Exposure to Mycoestrogens." Toxins 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12020118.

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Zearalenone and alternariol are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium and Alternaria species, respectively, that present estrogenic activity and consequently are classified as endocrine disruptors. To estimate the exposure of the Portuguese population to these two mycotoxins at a national level, a modelling approach, based on data from 94 Portuguese volunteers, was developed considering as inputs: i) the food consumption data generated within the National Food and Physical Activity Survey; and ii) the human biomonitoring data used to assess the exposure to the referred mycotoxins. Six models of association between mycoestrogens urinary levels (zearalenone, total zearalenone and alternariol) and food items (meat, cheese, and fresh-cheese, breakfast cereals, sweets) were established. Applying the obtained models to the consumption data (n = 5811) of the general population, the median estimates of the probable daily intake revealed that a fraction of the Portuguese population might exceed the tolerable daily intake defined for zearalenone. A reference intake value for alternariol is still lacking, thus the characterization of risk due to the exposure to this mycotoxin was not possible to perform. Although the unavoidable uncertainties, these results are important contributions to understand the exposure to endocrine disruptors in Portugal and the potential Public Health consequences.

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Anukulthanakorn, Kanya, Sukanya Jareonporn, and Suchinda Malaivijitnond. "Simple, sensitive and reliable in vivo assays to evaluate the estrogenic activity of endocrine disruptors." Reproductive Medicine and Biology 13, no. 1 (July 18, 2013): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12522-013-0161-1.

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Laviola, Giovanni, Laura Gioiosa, Walter Adriani, and Paola Palanza. "d-Amphetamine-related reinforcing effects are reduced in mice exposed prenatally to estrogenic endocrine disruptors." Brain Research Bulletin 65, no. 3 (April 2005): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.11.015.

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Xu, Hui, W. Lee Kraus, and Michael L. Shuler. "Development of a stable dual cell-line GFP expression system to study estrogenic endocrine disruptors." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 101, no. 6 (December 15, 2008): 1276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.21991.

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Leese, Joseph M., Julia McMahon, and Joseph C. Colosi. "Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent in a Receiving Stream on Reproductive Behavior of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)." Fishes 6, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes6020014.

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Wastewater treatment plant effluents contain a variety of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including chemicals with estrogenic activity such as 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and nonylphenols. These substances can affect both behavior and physiology in vertebrate animals. To explore the presence and effects of these EDCs in a natural setting, juvenile and adult male fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were held in cages upstream and downstream of the effluent site of a wastewater treatment plant for 21 days and subsequently tested for changes in reproductive behaviors and production of vitellogenin. Additionally, estrogenic activity in the stream was measured using a yeast bioassay. Estrogenicity was found to be significantly higher downstream of the wastewater effluent when compared to levels upstream. Vitellogenin levels did not show a correlational pattern with levels of estrogenicity in the water, but two measures of reproductive behaviors occurred significantly less often in downstream males than upstream males. This suggests that a brief (three-week) exposure to stream water containing wastewater treatment plant effluent can bring about changes in reproductive behavior of fish and that behavior may be more sensitive to low levels of environmental endocrine disruptors than vitellogenin production.

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Aoyama, H., and K. Suzuki. "Enhanced one-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats for detecting endocrine-disrupting effects of chemicals." Pure and Applied Chemistry 75, no. 11-12 (January 1, 2003): 2497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200375112497.

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An enhanced one-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats without adjusting a litter size during the lactation period is proposed as a rapid and reliable bioassay for providing the data concerning adverse and/or low-dose effects of suspected endocrine disruptors. In this study, pregnant females are treated with the test substance from gestation day 0 through lactation day 21, in principle. F1 offspring from one-half of the litters in each dose group are killed and necropsied at weaning, while those from the remaining litters are examined for sexual maturation, estrous cyclicity, and/or sperm production. A series of pilot studies with ethynylestradiol as a reference chemical have suggested that the exposure of estrogenic chemicals during the early gestation period is critical for detecting effects on fertilization and/or implantation of eggs and survival of implants, and that expression of some genes including AR in the prostate and IGF-1 in the uterus of F1 offspring may be sensitive markers for monitoring potential estrogenic effects of the test compound.

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Zhang, Lian-Dong, He-Cheng Li, Tie Chong, Ming Gao, Jian Yin, De-Lai Fu, Qian Deng, and Zi-Ming Wang. "Prepubertal Exposure to Genistein Alleviates Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Induced Testicular Oxidative Stress in Adult Rats." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/598630.

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Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most widely used plastizer in the world and can suppress testosterone production via activation of oxidative stress. Genistein (GEN) is one of the isoflavones ingredients exhibiting weak estrogenic and potentially antioxidative effects. However, study on reproductive effects following prepubertal multiple endocrine disrupters exposure has been lacking. In this study, DEHP and GEN were administrated to prepubertal male Sprague-Dawley rats by gavage from postnatal day 22 (PND22) to PND35 with vehicle control, GEN at 50 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (G), DEHP at 50, 150, 450 mg/kg bw/day (D50, D150, D450) and their mixture (G + D50, G + D150, G + D450). On PND90, general morphometry (body weight, AGD, organ weight, and organ coefficient), testicular redox state, and testicular histology were studied. Our results indicated that DEHP could significantly decrease sex organs weight, organ coefficient, and testicular antioxidative ability, which largely depended on the dose of DEHP. However, coadministration of GEN could partially alleviate DEHP-induced reproductive injuries via enhancement of testicular antioxidative enzymes activities, which indicates that GEN has protective effects on DEHP-induced male reproductive system damage after prepubertal exposure and GEN may have promising future in its curative antioxidative role for reproductive disorders caused by other environmental endocrine disruptors.

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Walker, Deena M., Bailey A. Kermath, Michael J. Woller, and Andrea C. Gore. "Disruption of Reproductive Aging in Female and Male Rats by Gestational Exposure to Estrogenic Endocrine Disruptors." Endocrinology 154, no. 6 (April 16, 2013): 2129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-2123.

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Abstract Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial contaminants and known endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Previous work has shown that gestational exposure to PCBs cause changes in reproductive neuroendocrine processes. Here we extended work farther down the life spectrum and tested the hypothesis that early life exposure to Aroclor 1221 (A1221), a mixture of primarily estrogenic PCBs, results in sexually dimorphic aging-associated alterations to reproductive parameters in rats, and gene expression changes in hypothalamic nuclei that regulate reproductive function. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were injected on gestational days 16 and 18 with vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide), A1221 (1 mg/kg), or estradiol benzoate (50 μg/kg). Developmental parameters, estrous cyclicity (females), and timing of reproductive senescence were monitored in the offspring through 9 months of age. Expression of 48 genes was measured in 3 hypothalamic nuclei: the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), arcuate nucleus (ARC), and median eminence (females only) by real-time RT-PCR. Serum LH, testosterone, and estradiol were assayed in the same animals. In males, A1221 had no effects; however, prenatal estradiol benzoate increased serum estradiol, gene expression in the AVPV (1 gene), and ARC (2 genes) compared with controls. In females, estrous cycles were longer in the A1221-exposed females throughout the life cycle. Gene expression was not affected in the AVPV, but significant changes were caused by A1221 in the ARC and median eminence as a function of cycling status. Bionetwork analysis demonstrated fundamental differences in physiology and gene expression between cycling and acyclic females independent of treatment. Thus, gestational exposure to biologically relevant levels of estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals has sexually dimorphic effects, with an altered transition to reproductive aging in female rats but relatively little effect in males.

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Bacle, Dupuis, Belmouaz, Bauwens, Cambien, Venisse, Pierre-Eugene, Potin, Migeot, and Ayraud-Thevenot. "Overexposure to Bisphenol A and Its Chlorinated Derivatives of Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease during Online Hemodiafiltration." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090403.

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The health safety conditions governing the practice of online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) do not yet incorporate the risks related to the presence of endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA). The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, the exposure to BPA but also to its chlorinated derivatives (ClxBPA) (100 times more estrogenic than BPA) during OL-HDF. We demonstrated that BPA is transmitted by the different medical devices used in OL-HDF: ultrafilters, dialysis concentrate cartridges (and not only dialyzers, as previously described). Moreover, BPA has been found in dialysis water as well as in ultrapure dialysate and replacement fluid due to contamination of water coming from municipal network. Indeed, due to contaminations provided by both ultrafilters and water, high levels of BPA were determined in the infused replacement fluid (1033 ng.L−1) from the beginning of the session. Thus, our results demonstrate that dialysis water must be considered as an important exposure source to endocrine disruptors, especially since other micropollutants such as ClxBPA have also been detected in dialysis fluids. While assessment of the impact of this exposure remains to be done, these new findings should be taken into account to assess exposure risks in end-stage renal disease patients.

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Ibero, Juan, Beatriz Galán, and José L. García. "Identification of the EdcR Estrogen-Dependent Repressor in Caenibius tardaugens NBRC 16725: Construction of a Cellular Estradiol Biosensor." Genes 12, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12121846.

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In this work, Caenibius tardaugens NBRC 16725 (strain ARI-1) (formerly Novosphingobium tardaugens) was isolated due to its capacity to mineralize estrogenic endocrine disruptors. Its genome encodes the edc genes cluster responsible for the degradation of 17β-estradiol, consisting of two putative operons (OpA and OpB) encoding the enzymes of the upper degradation pathway. Inside the edc cluster, we identified the edcR gene encoding a TetR-like protein. Genetic studies carried out with C. tardaugens mutants demonstrated that EdcR represses the promoters that control the expression of the two operons. These genetic analyses have also shown that 17β-estradiol and estrone, the second intermediate of the degradation pathway, are the true effectors of EdcR. This regulatory system has been heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, foreseeing its use to detect estrogens in environmental samples. Genome comparisons have identified a similar regulatory system in the edc cluster of Altererythrobacter estronivorus MHB5, suggesting that this regulatory arrangement has been horizontally transferred to other bacteria.

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Buoso, Erica, Mirco Masi, Marco Racchi, and Emanuela Corsini. "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals’ (EDCs) Effects on Tumour Microenvironment and Cancer Progression: Emerging Contribution of RACK1." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 9229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239229.

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Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) can display estrogenic and androgenic effects, and their exposure has been linked to increased cancer risk. EDCs have been shown to directly affect cancer cell regulation and progression, but their influence on tumour microenvironment is still not completely elucidated. In this context, the signalling hub protein RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1) could represent a nexus between cancer and the immune system due to its roles in cancer progression and innate immune activation. Since RACK1 is a relevant EDCs target that responds to steroid-active compounds, it could be considered a molecular bridge between the endocrine-regulated tumour microenvironment and the innate immune system. We provide an analysis of immunomodulatory and cancer-promoting effects of different EDCs in shaping tumour microenvironment, with a final focus on the scaffold protein RACK1 as a pivotal molecular player due to its dual role in immune and cancer contexts.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Estrogenic endocrine disruptors'

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