Relevant bibliographies by topics / Estonia – History – 20th century

Academic literature on the topic 'Estonia – History – 20th century'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Estonia – History – 20th century"

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Kõvamees, Anneli. "Literature Defined by Language? Some Remarks on the Definition of Estonian Literature." Interlitteraria 24, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 236–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2019.24.1.17.

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In the era when multiculturalism is one of the key concepts and the relationship between foreign and own is shifting, the definition of national literature has been in the centre of discussions. In Estonia the issue has been raised most prominently in connection with the Estonian Russianlanguage writer Andrei Ivanov (born 1971) whose works have turned out to be difficult to classify. How to define Estonian literature? Is it a literature written in the Estonian language, literature written by Estonians, literature associated with Estonia or is it a literature written in Estonia? Especially small nations like Estonians tend to define one’s identity according to the language spoken and ethnicity, not the citizenship. There are various significant shifts in Estonian literary history, for example, when the beginning of Estonian literature is discussed, then Baltic German authors are included but when the Estonian literature made by Estonians is born in the 19th century, Baltic German literature disappears from Estonian literature, although Baltic German literature continued until the 20th century. The aspect of value plays a significant role, as what is included or excluded in the literary history is associated with ideological choices. It is only recently that the inclusion of Baltic German literature into Estonian literature is taking place. The position of Estonian Russian literature has also shifted from rejection and periphery in the spotlight and the works by Andrei Ivanov have played a crucial role in that process. Taking the Estonian Russian-language literature and Baltic German literature as examples, the article addresses the question of defining (national) literature.
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Kisłacz, Halina. "Polish Community in Estonia." Studia Polonijne 43, Specjalny (December 20, 2022): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/sp2243.3s.

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This article presents the history of Poles living in Estonia, dating back to the 16th century, when the territory of Livonia (today’s Estonia) was incorporated into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. For centuries, Poles were important members of the local community, mainly at the University of Dorpat (Tartu). In the 19th and 20th centuries, they created many organisations; the article briefly describes the activities of some of them. The author also presents the current activity of Estonian Polonia in organising various events, meetings or stimulating economic ties between Poland and Estonia, as well as cooperation with Polish institutions.
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Jaago, Tiiu. "Discontinuity and Continuity in Representations of 20th Century Estonian History." Culture Unbound 6, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 1071–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1461071.

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The theme of this article is how Estonians have described political changes in their autobiographical narratives. The discussion is based on the observation that the establishment of Soviet rule in Estonia in the 1940s is construed in the studies of life stories, on the one hand, as a discontinuity of ‘normal life’, and on the other hand, as continuity. It is remarkable that irrespective of the demarcation of state borders by political decisions, Estonian territory is still perceived as a single and eternal whole. To what extent is the perception of discontinuity or continuity related to experiencing political change and to what extent is it related to the method of narration, and to what extent does it depend on the choices made by the researcher? An analysis of the three life histories discussed in the article indicates that experiencing discontinuity or continuity in a specific historical context does not coincide with its depiction in life histories. The texts reflect both the diversity of narrative methods (coherent representation of different layers of recollections, the comparison and contrast of different situations, etc.), and the context of narratives – for example the interviewer’s effect on discussing a topic or the relation of a story to publicly discussed topics. Recollections are characterised by variability, however this may not become evident as studies focus on certain aspects of the narrative or interrelations of the topic and public discourses. The polysemic and ambivalent nature of the ‘border’ unfolds through the entangled interplay of territorial, political and cultural borders, their narrative articulation in life story telling as well as researchers’ choices.
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Mezhevich, Nikolay M. "How a Big Strategy Led to the Emergence of a Small State: the Example оf Estonia." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016558-2.

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Strategies for moving towards independence are always of scientific interest, which naturally increases in cases where we are talking about a whole sequence of gains and losses of independence. In relation to Estonia, the relevance is due to the fact that the Republic of Estonia is our neighbor, the quality of relations with which is far from ideal. From the beginning of the 20th century until the signing of the Tartu Peace Treaty in 1920, the most complex political processes took place on the territory of the future Estonia, with the participation of a significant number of actors, not one of whom was not interested in Estonian independence. Why, in the first two twenties, Estonia became independent quite unexpectedly, not only for Berlin and Petrograd, but also for Tallinn itself.
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Raun, T. U. "CULTURE WARS IN ESTONIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY." Acta Historica Tallinnensia 4, no. 1 (2000): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/hist.2000.1.03.

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McKenzie, Brent. "Remembrance Tourism: Maarjamäe Memorial Versus The Estonian Victims of Communism Memorial." International Conference on Tourism Research 15, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ictr.15.1.374.

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The people of the Republic of Estonia experienced severe oppression and terror during the latter half of the 20th century following their forced annexation into the Soviet Union. Additionally, the Soviet military can rightfully be credited with decisively driving Nazi Germany out of Estonia, during World War II. These related, but conflicting results, has resulted in two different memorials, and two radically different perspectives, located within 500 meters of each other, in the Estonian capital city of Tallinn. This research examines the impact of such confrontation in ideals and remembrance, through the promotion (or lack of), funding, and maintenance of history, through memorials in public space. This research addresses these questions through a comparison of two Memorials located within sight of each other, the Maarjamäe Memorial and the Estonian Victims of Communism Memorial, in Tallinn, Estonia. The comparison of the two Memorials highlights the challenges involved in the construct of remembrance, as well as the related construct of nostalgia, within markets such as Estonia that has two distinct ethnic groups, Estonian, and Russian, and how their respective views of the constructs shape the success or failure of such tourism attractions. The findings of this research will be of benefit to other regions with a similar past, when it comes to remembrance and reflection through tourism.
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Selart, Anti. "Lembitu: A medieval warlord in Estonian culture." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 29, no. 1 (2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.101.

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The 13th century was undoubtedly a period of upheaval in Baltic history. From the traditional «Estonian» point of view, between 1208 and 1227 ancient Estonians heroically defended their political and personal freedom and native religion, but unfortunately they had to surrender to German invaders and the Catholic Church. This interpretation was adopted by the Estonian audience by the end of the 19th century. However, there were not many individual historical heroes to find in medieval history who could fit the national narrative. The 13th-century sources mention very few Estonians by their names. There is one exception: Lembitu, the leader of Sakala province. In 1217 he was killed in battle; his head was cut off and taken away by crusaders. Numerous artistic presentations popularised the person of Lembitu in the 19th and 20th century and shaped the public image of Lembitu as a king-like leader of the resistance in the name of freedom and independence. At the same time, in the early 2000s parallelly an ironic or critical attitude towards traditional presentations of the medieval warlord developed. A new turn in the presentations of Lembitu in Estonian media happened in the 2010s. The topic then became connected to the question of the fate of the skull of the medieval warlord. In Estonia in the 1960s, a report began to circulate that somewhere in Poland the head of Lembitu still existed. The Estonian Ministry of Culture initiated in 2014 contact between the Estonian and Polish ministries of culture, which resulted in some investigations in Polish museums with the aim of locating the artefact. The initiative was renewed in 2017, and in 2018–2019 the Estonian Ministry of Culture funded the research of the sources of Estonian history in Poland. Although the aim of the research in Poland was defined broadly and had real scholarly results, for the media and public audience it was definitely the project «searching for the skull of Lembitu». The public need for a historical hero, local patriotism combined with tourism marketing, and at least during the last decades the playful handling of history or historical stereotypes shape in combination the presentations of Lembitu in Estonian media and culture today.
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Dmitrieva, N. V. "Sacred New Building: Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Reval and the Spread of Orthodoxy in the Governorate of Estonia at the End of the 19th — Beginning of the 20th Century." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 4 (2022): 906–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2022.406.

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The article analyzes the formation of the imperial policy to spread Orthodox Christianity using the example of the construction of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Revel in the Governorate of Estonia. Late 19th — early 20th century was marked by significant changes in the governance of the region, not only in the administrative and legal sphere, but also in the religious one. Estonia administration viewed strengthening the presence of the Orthodox Church through the mass construction of churches and the symbolic development of space as one of the most effective means of integrating the province and the empire. The construction of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Reval was associated with significant historical events, including the 200th anniversary since Estonia became a part of Russian Empire. It determined its central role in the representation of the empire on the outskirts. At the same time, the prevalence of the Lutheran population in the province, as well as the economic dominance of the German nobility, caused difficulties with the construction process. The search for funds and the choice of a place for the Cathedral were the main reasons why the implementation of such a large-scale project took so long. Cathedral was designed to visually emphasize that the region was a part of the Russian Empire. The analysis of the preparatory work, using unpublished office materials from various departments, made it possible to identify contradictions between central and local authorities on this issue, as well as to understand the mechanisms of their interaction within the framework of existing practices. The materials of personal and official correspondence of key political and religious actors involved show different understanding of the goals and means how to spread Orthodox Christianity in the region at the turn of the 19th — 20th century.
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Paert, Irina. "“Keep Your Mind in Hell and Despair Not”: Dealing with the Wounds and Complicities of 20th Century Orthodoxy in Estonia Through the Theology of St Sophrony (Sakharov) and Arvo Pärt." Mission Studies 38, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 98–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341776.

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Abstract The story of Estonian Orthodoxy, as often told through the narrative of collective trauma, is not homogeneous and uncontested. The co-existence of two Orthodox communities in present-day Estonia, each insisting on exclusive canonical legitimacy and holding different views of the past, the incomplete work of transitional justice, and the untold story of political collaboration appear as irreconcilable differences that challenge the ideals of Christian unity. In order to address these unresolved problems of a traumatic past, the paper will turn to the ascetic theology of twentieth-century Orthodox saints St Silouan (1866–1938) and St Sophrony Sakharov (1896–1993) and to the musical oeuvres of the Estonian composer Arvo Pärt (b. 1935). The approach of these Orthodox ascetics, the article argues, provides an important perspective on Christian mission in a wounded world.
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Põltsam-Jürjo, Inna. "Paganate kookidest seakõrvadeni. Transkultuuriline rännak ühe toidu jälgedes läbi sajandite ja kokaraamatute." Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat, no. 60 (October 12, 2017): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33302/ermar-2017-001.

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From “heathens’ cakes” to “pig’s ears”: tracing a food’s journey across cultures, centuries and cookbooks It is intriguing from the perspective of food history to find in 19th and 20th century Estonian recipe collections the same foods – that is, foods sharing the same names – found back in European cookbooks of the 14th and 15th centuries. It is noteworthy that they have survived this long, and invites a closer study of the phenomenon. For example, 16th century sources contain a record about the frying of heathen cakes, a kind of fritter, in Estonia. A dish by the same name is also found in 18th and 19th century recipe collections. It is a noteworthy phenomenon for a dish to have such a long history in Estonian cuisine, spanning centuries in recipe collections, and merits a closer look. Medieval European cookbooks listed two completely different foods under the name of heathen cakes and both were influenced from foods from the east. It is likely that the cakes made it to Tallinn and finer Estonian cuisine through Hanseatic merchants. It is not ultimately clear whether a single heathen cake recipe became domesticated in these parts already in the Middle Ages. In any case, heathen cakes would remain in Estonian cuisine for several centuries. As late as the early 19th century, the name in the local Baltic German cuisine referred to a delicacy made of egg-based batter fried in oil. Starting from the 18th century, the history of these fritters in Estonian cuisine can be traced through cookbooks. Old recipe collections document the changes and development in the tradition of making these cakes. The traditions of preparing these cakes were not passed on only in time, but circulated within society, crossing social and class lines. Earlier known from the elites’ culture, the dish reached the tables of ordinary people in the late 19th and early 20th century. In Estonian conditions, it meant the dish also crossed ethnic lines – from the German elite to the Estonian common folk’s menus. In the course of adaptation process, which was dictated and guided by cookbooks and cooking courses, the name of the dish changed several times (heydenssche koken, klenätid, Räderkuchen, rattakokid, seakõrvad), and changes also took place in the flavour nuances (a transition from spicier, more robust favours to milder ones) and even the appearance of the cakes. The story of the heathen cakes or pig’s ears in Estonian cuisine demonstrates how long and tortuous an originally elite dish can be as it makes its way to the tables of the common folk. The domestication and adaptation of such international recipes in the historical Estonian cuisine demonstrates the transregional cultural exchange, as well as culinary mobility and communication.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Estonia – History – 20th century"

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Jörgensen, Hans. "Continuity or not? : Family farming and agricultural transformation in 20th century Estonia." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ekonomisk historia, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-382.

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This doctoral thesis explores the agrarian development in 20th Estonia and the role of family farming during three major agricultural transformations. It consists of four papers and an introductory chapter for which the common departure are the situation appearing in the Estonian farming landscape after the regained independence in 1991. The first three studies analyse comparative aspects on Estonia's interwar experiences with focus on land reform, agricultural co-operation, and agricultural export development. The fourth study focuses on the role of private plots during the Soviet period and the conversion of these into subsistence holdings after 1991. By merging the perspectives in these papers, the introductory chapter explores the impacts and legacies of previous transformations on the post-Soviet agricultural transformation up to 2004. The thesis specifically analyses the long-term effects of perceptions of markets and the role of agricultural production, changes in the agrarian property relations, organisation of agricultural production and co-operation. In analytical terms, this is discussed from the perspectives of continuity and discontinuity. Besides the several societal changes affecting the agrarian property relations in 20th century Estonia, the radical and decisive shifts have also affected markets, trade and economic integration. Since the end of the First World War, Estonia has been quickly thrown between different economic-political systems and legal environments. From the perspective of the small state’s dependence on trade and reliance on a few markets, the upheavals in the early 1920s, after World War II, and not least the fall of the Soviet Union, Estonia’s long-term economic development has been significantly affected. In this context the role of agriculture has changed. Most important, however, this dissertation shows how the idea of small-scale family farming survived throughout the planned economic period and became an indispensable production unit, even though it turned out to be a myth as soon as the Soviet system was dissolved and the exposure to international competition began after 1991.
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Eellend, Johan. "Cultivating the Rural Citizen : Modernity, Agrarianism and Citizenship in Late Tsarist Estonia." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Huddinge : Department of History, Stockholm university ; Södertörns högskola [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7026.

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Svanberg, Johan. "Arbetets relationer och etniska dimensioner : Verkstadsföreningen, Metall och esterna vid Svenska Stålpressnings AB i Olofström 1945-1952." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6239.

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Labour migration to Sweden is analysed from a labour perspective. As regards theory, the thesis focuses on how class and ethnicity intersect in a capitalistic setting, but it also gives attention to gender and age as structural principles. The main purpose is to analyse migrants in Sweden as a party in the relationship between labour and capital, and to explore how the immigration and the active recruitment of workers in other countries affected and was affected by the relative strengths of the parties on the labour market, covering the period 1945–1952. The relationship between labour and capital, regarding migration-related issues, is analysed from above and below on both national and local level, and the thesis discerns how the state mediated between the parties. It examines the first encounters between foreign-born and native-born workers at shop-floor level, how these encounters affected the relationship between the trade union and the industrial management concerned, and explores how all this, in turn, affected the relationship between the national parties on the Swedish labour market. A structural perspective is combined with micro analyses of narratives from the actors involved, which opens up for a study of the history of society. Firstly, the thesis addresses the relationship between the Swedish Engineering Employers’ Association and the Swedish Metalworkers’ Union, and secondly it is a local workplace study, focusing on Svenska Stålpressnings AB in Olofström (the Swedish Steel Pressing Company). The more precise focus of attention is on war refugees from Estonia employed by the company in Olofström between 1945 and 1947, and on Estonians recruited directly from West German refugee camps in the early 1950s. The study reveals that the Metalworkers’ Union at first opposed labour recruitment abroad – at both national and local level –, but also how coincident interests developed between labour, capital and the state regarding labour immigration. An important finding is that the Metalworkers’ Union had great influence considering which companies would be allowed to recruit foreign-born workers, and that the trade union could direct the migrations to workplaces with acceptable staff policies. A fundamental research problem for the thesis is, furthermore, how social groups construct ethnic boundaries between “us” and “the others”. It is stressed that Estonians’ background experiences and social memories differed from those of the Swedish workers, and that these differences affected the outcomes of the first encounters. But it is also pointed out that the Estonian group was internally divided, with a basis in interwar Estonian political history and in disparate class backgrounds among the Estonians.
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Läll, Markus. "Fertility Transition in 19th-20th century Estonia: An Individual Level Perspective." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-113615.

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Background Fertility transition has yet to accumulate a large set of studies withindividual level data to allow to make wide generalizations. Recently theavailability of data has become better. The current thesis is one step in thedirection of looking into the fertility transition as a whole with individuallevel data and by using event-history methods on the case of Estonia. Objective The study takes the cohort perspective to find out which birth cohorts at whichparities started the fertility transition, what were the different paths takenby urban and rural populations and how did birth spacing change over time. Methods We use register data collected by the First Estonian Republic, which has thefertility histories of birth cohorts of Estonian women born between 1845 and 1919,and fertility processes lasting until the year 1949. We analyse these withpiece-wise constant survival models separately for each parity; having birth cohort,urban-rural residency and piece-wise constant durations since previous birth asthe main variables. Results We find that that probability to next birth starts to decline earlier for thehigher parities and moves to lower parities for later cohorts. For parities 3-7women born in 1873-1880 are first with significantly lower hazard to next birth.For parity 2 the 1880-1887 birth cohort starts the transition. All paritiescontribute to the fertility decline. For the urban population the fertilitydecline is greater in proportion and also lasts less in birth cohorts, while forthe rural population the decline is more gradual and lasts longer. In the birthspacing dimension we find that the average interval between births becameshorter over time across all parities, and for both the urban and the ruralpopulation.
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Jörgensen, Hans. "Continuity or not? : family farming and agricultural transformation in 20th century Estonia /." Umeå : Institutionen för ekonomisk historia, Umeå universitet, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-382.

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Cao, T. Y. "The intellectual history of 20th century field theories." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383778.

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Baumer, Andreas. "Urban rejuvenation : a contemporary urban topology for the information age." Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137647.

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A changing perception based on the appreciation for information in our era allows a broader idea and different understanding of life as a system driven by the flow of information. Simultaneously, our understanding of 'the' urban was broadened. It enabled us to perceive urban structures as living organisms beyond their physical manifestation and separated from human control. Like species, our cities are great products of evolutionary forces and contain invaluable information worth preserving.When writing about urban spaces, urban is understood as a system which is constituted not so much by built forms and infrastructures, but as a heterogeneous field that is constituted by intervention and lines of forces and action. These lines form the coordinates of an urban topology that is not based on the human body and its movements in space alone, but also on relational acts and events within the urban system. These relational acts can be economic, political, technological or tectonic processes, as well as acts of communication. The urban is therefore quite different from the physically defined spaces of events and movements.The focal point of this paper is to explore the relationship between the spaces of movement, the spaces of events and the relational systemic 'spaces'. It will be attempted to identify fundamental processes behind urban design. Rules are derived from connective principles in complexity theory, systems theory, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence.
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Braun, Ramona. "Laparoscopy as a neo-eugenic practice, 1940s-60s." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708461.

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Ng, Kin-yuen. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13280181.

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Ng, Kin-yuen, and 吳健源. "Constitutional developments in China and Japan from the mid 19th century to the early 20th century." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31950395.

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Books on the topic "Estonia – History – 20th century"

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Lerner Publications Company. Geography Dept., ed. Estonia. Minneapolis: The Company, 1992.

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Kändler, Tiit. A hundred great Estonians of the 20th century. Tallinn: Estonian Encyclopaedia Publishers, 2002.

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1952-, Salmon Patrick, ed. The Baltic nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania in the twentieth century. London: Longman, 1994.

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20th century. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2012.

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20th century fashion. London: Thames & Hudson, 1999.

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20th century Korea. Seoul, Korea: NANAM Pub. House, 1994.

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1978-, Snow Dan, ed. 20th century battlefields. [London]: BBC Books, 2008.

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L, Chapman Victoria, Lindroth David, and Diagram Group, eds. The 20th century. New York, NY: Facts On File, 1999.

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Caroline, Pullée, ed. 20th century jewellery. London: Apple, 1990.

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Pullee, Caroline. 20th century jewellery. London: Grange, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Estonia – History – 20th century"

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Bergmann, Karl-Christian. "Milestones in the 20th Century." In History of Allergy, 27–45. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000358478.

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Abrams, Jesse. "Late 20th-Century Forest History." In Forest Policy and Governance in the United States, 51–71. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003043669-4.

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Varvoglis, Harry. "Physics of the 20th Century." In History and Evolution of Concepts in Physics, 105–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04292-3_5.

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Welch Guerra, Max. "Interpreting 20th Century European Planning History." In European Planning History in the 20th Century, 268–71. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003271666-28.

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Rao, J. S. "20th Century Graphical and Numerical Methods." In History of Mechanism and Machine Science, 99–114. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1165-5_11.

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Blaauw, Adriaan. "Earlier 20th Century Developments; World War I." In History of the IAU, 15–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0978-9_2.

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Larkham, Peter J. "History and Heritage." In European Planning History in the 20th Century, 139–52. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003271666-15.

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Roberts, Adam. "The Early 20th Century, 2: The Pulps." In The History of Science Fiction, 253–85. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56957-8_10.

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Brosens, Ivo, and Giuseppe Benagiano. "History of Endometriosis: A 20th-Century Disease." In Endometriosis, 1–18. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444398519.ch1.

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Lopez, Gary C. "A History of 20th-Century Safety Metrics." In Safety Metrics for the Modern Safety Professional, 9–16. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003088332-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Estonia – History – 20th century"

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Romanovska, Alina. "20TH CENTURY HISTORY OF LATVIA IN LITERARY NARRATIVES." In 3rd Arts & Humanities Conference, Barcelona. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/ahc.2018.003.002.

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Szoro, Ilona. "READING CIRCLES IN HUNGARY IN THE 20TH CENTURY." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.072.

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Zhou, Dian. "THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN ETCHING OF THE 20th CENTURY." In VI Международная научно-практическая конференция "Искусствознание и педагогика. Диалектика взаимосвязи и взаимодействия". Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Книжный дом», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/pbh.978-5-94777-431-3.134.138.

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Munhanova, Yu A. "HISTORY OF THE MONGOLIAN AGITPROP POSTER OF THE 20TH CENTURY." In Искусство и дизайн: история и практика. Санкт-Петербург: Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургская государственная художественно-промышленная академия имени А.Л. Штиглица», 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54874/9785604868829_258.

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BARBOSA, Helena. "The signature of Portuguese posters from 17th Century to 20th Century: one history of identities." In Design frontiers: territories, concepts, technologies [=ICDHS 2012 - 8th Conference of the International Committee for Design History & Design Studies]. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/design-icdhs-035.

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KURAS, L. V., and B. D. TSYBENOV. "KYAKHTA IN 20th – THE BEGINNING OF 21 CENTURY: HISTORY, PRESENT, PROSPECTS." In Scientific conference, devoted to the 95th anniversary of the Republic of Buryatia. Publishing House of the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.30792/978-5-7925-0521-6-2018-81-84.

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Bosak, Martin. "SLOVAK NATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN AMERICA AT THE BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.074.

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NECHITA, Constantin. "DECLINE HISTORY OF OAKS IN 20TH CENTURY FOR ROMANIAN EXTRA-CARPATHIAN REGIONS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/3.2/s14.087.

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Cooke, Gilmore G. "Fred Stark Pearson, the AIEE, and Transnational Engineering in the Early 20th Century." In 2009 IEEE Conference on the History of Technical Societies. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hts.2009.5337842.

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Simonova, Natalya B. "Formation of professional ethical standards in journalism: internal corporate necessity and external influence (early 20th century)." In Communication and Cultural Studies: History and Modernity. Novosibirsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1258-1-90-95.

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Reports on the topic "Estonia – History – 20th century"

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Kempgen, Sebastian. Was Postkarten erzählen können… Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-49498.

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