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Academic literature on the topic 'Estimations des émissions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Estimations des émissions"
Pinet, Camille, Suspense Averti IFO, Benoit Mertens, Gabriel Jaffrain, Christophe Sannier, and Stoffenne BINSANGOU1. "ANALYSE ET CONSOLIDATION DES RESULTATS SUR LES ESTIMATIONS DE SUPERFICIE DU COUVERT FORESTIER ET DE SES CHANGEMENTS ENTRE 2000 ET 2016 EN REPUBLIQUE DU CONGO." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection 223 (August 25, 2021): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2021.587.
Full textLarivière, Jean-Michel, and Jie He. "L’impact de la taille des firmes industrielles sur la courbe de Kuznets environnementale : le cas des émissions de SO2 en Chine." Articles 88, no. 1 (February 11, 2013): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014025ar.
Full textTallec, Gaëlle, Olivier Rousselot, Josette Garnier, and Michel Gousailles. "Émissions d’oxyde nitreux lors du traitement de l’azote des eaux usées de l’agglomération parisienne : état actuel et prévisions." Revue des sciences de l'eau 20, no. 1 (May 7, 2007): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/015742ar.
Full textCiais, Philippe, Michel Ramonet, Thomas Lauvaux, François-Marie Bréon, Jinghui Lian, Olivier Laurent, Delphine Combaz, et al. "Suivi atmosphérique des émissions de CO2 de la région parisienne." La Météorologie, no. 114 (2021): 030. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0070.
Full textBourbier, Lucas, Guillaume Cornu, Alexandre Pennec, Christine Brognoli, and Valéry Gond. "Estimation à grande échelle de l'ouverture du couvert forestier en Afrique centrale à l'aide de données de télédétection." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 315, no. 315 (March 1, 2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2013.315.a20537.
Full textMeyssignac, Benoît, Jonathan Chenal, Robin Guillaume-Castel, Alejandro Blazquez, and Sébastien Fourest. "Mesurer le déséquilibre énergétique de la planète pour évaluer la sensibilité du climat aux émissions de gaz à effet de serre." La Météorologie, no. 122 (2023): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2023-0069.
Full textBaoula, Kodjo. "Énergie renouvelable, croissance économique et atténuation des émissions de dioxyde de carbone dans les pays de l’UEMOA." Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française 7, no. 2 (2022): 114–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2022.2.5.
Full textWanigaratne, S., E. Holowaty, H. Jiang, TA Norwood, R. Pietrusiak, and R. Brown. "Estimation du risque de cancer lié à l'exposition au tritium dans le cadre des activités courantes de la centrale nucléaire de Pickering (Ontario)." Maladies chroniques et blessures au Canada 33, no. 4 (September 2013): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.33.4.06f.
Full textLoubota Panzou, Grace Jopaul. "Biomasse et stocks de carbone en Afrique centrale : importance de l’allométrie des arbres." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 343 (March 31, 2020): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2020.343.a31853.
Full textDABILGOU, Téré, Oumar SANOGO, S. Augustin Zongo, Tizane Daho, Belkacem Zeghmati, Jean KOULIDIATI, and Antoine BERE. "Modélisation thermodynamique de combustion mono-zone de biodiesels dans un moteur diesel et estimation théorique des émissions potentielles." Journal de Physique de la SOAPHYS 2, no. 1a (February 13, 2021): C20A10–1—C20A10–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46411/jpsoaphys.2020.01.10.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Estimations des émissions"
Largeron, Chloé. "Représentation des tourbières des hautes latitudes nord dans un modèle de surface : développement d’un schéma hydrologique et estimations des émissions de méthane." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU045/document.
Full textPeatlands are widely present in northern latitudes and especiallyin permafrost regions. They contain a high carbon stock and are one ofthe greatest natural sources of methane. Their representation in a climate model is crucial to improve the one of the carbon cycle. Moreover, the contribution of methanepeatland emissions remains uncertain.Methane emissions from peatlands strongly depend on the climate and are influenced primarily by temperature and soil moisture. Meanwhile, climate change is particularlysevere at these latitudes and leads to thawing permafrost with increasing the active layer depth. This large carbon reservoir may be partially mobilized and emitted asCO2 or CH4, depending on hydrological conditions at the surface.The aim of this PhD thesis is to represent northern peatlands in the ORCHIDEE land surface model. This development is carried out in the version of the model that incorporatesprocesses in high latitudes such as the soil freezing. Peatlands are represented by a specific hydrological scheme which improves the exchange of energy and water. The difficulty isbased on the representation of local peatlands processes across a global climate model. Some biological properties were also considered to represent bettervegetation of these environments. To do so, peatlands are integrated as a new type ofvegetation and represented by a fraction of a grid, based on observations. Thehydrological behaviour and the impact of this integration are estimated at the boreal scale as well asregionally. This development then allows estimate changes in the hydrology of peatlands due to global warming. Studying the changes in hydrology of peatlands by the end of th 21st century will improve the prediction of future changes in their CH4 emissions.This development work was then applied to determine the evolution of methane emissions. Peatlands are one of the largest natural sources of methane and control more than 70% interannual variability of atmospheric concentration of CH4. Methane emissions result from various physical and biological processes such as methanogenesis and the methanotrophy. To represent these processes, a flux density model, integratedin ORCHIDEE, was adapted for peatlands to estimate their methane emissions. The evolution of these emissions is studied between the early 20th and late 21st centuries under different climate scenarios
Liu, Yunsong. "Characterizing methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions through mobile platforms from local to national scale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASJ021.
Full textMethane and carbon dioxide are the most abundant human-induced greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. Their increasing atmospheric concentration is the main driver of climate change. Therefore, it is critical to monitor the evolution of their sources and sinks. Accurate characterization and quantification of their territorial emissions from different sectors are required in order to determine and manage efficient mitigation actions and policies. The main goal of this Ph.D. is to improve the characterization of CH4 and CO2 sectoral emissions from local to national scale through the development of mobile observation strategies including platforms such as car, drone and aircraft.This study consists of three parts. The first part aims at verifying a national CH4 inventory with a replicable method. I focus on surveying and quantifying significant methane emitters that represent 28% of national (Cyprus) methane emissions. These are essentially landfills and cattle farm areas. The approach is based on car-based mobile measurements and Gaussian plume dispersion modelling. The calculated methane emissions from landfills and enteric fermentation of cattle were about 160% and 40% larger, respectively, than the bottom-up sectoral estimates used in the national inventory. These mobile surveys show that an ensemble of in situ measurements targeting representative methane emission hotspots with consistent temporal and spatial coverage can largely improve national bottom-up emission inventories.The second part focuses on methods to quantify CH4 emissions for the oil and gas industry. It compares ten state-of-the-art commercial methane quantification systems through a series of controlled release experiments at an inert compressor station. The controlled releases covered a range of situations including various leak rates and wind conditions. The results indicated that ‘source-level' systems (close to single leak) generally underestimate emissions, while ‘site-level' systems (integrating emissions for the site) relying on atmospheric dispersion slightly overestimate emission rates. The analysis of this part highlights that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have the potential to bridge the gap between ground-based and airborne observations but are strongly wind sensitive.The last part focused on the development of UAV GHG measurements. I have developed and validated a novel portable UAV-CO2 sensor system that is lightweight but remains sufficiently precise. Through a careful sensor characterization, correction and calibration procedure, we reach an in-flight precision of ± 2 ppm (1σ) at 1 Hz and ± 1 ppm (1σ) at 1 min. This system is relatively inexpensive and easy to reproduce, and has the potential to perform a wide range of field applications, such as urban and point source emissions monitoring.In short, this Ph.D. makes a step forward for future reconciliation of GHG emission estimates based on various observation systems and different approaches, and seeks methods that are easily duplicated and applicable to other regions and emission sectors. While mobile approaches presented here clearly represent important monitoring options, significant challenges remain in current capacity to estimate routinely anthropogenic GHG emission trajectories with sufficient precision and at large scale
Bay, Xavier. "Estimation non paramétrique de projections en tomographie par émission de photons simples." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10096.
Full textAllam, Nadine. "Estimation des émissions surfaciques du biogaz dans une installation de stockage des déchets non dangereux." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0187/document.
Full textLandfill sites produce biogas by degradation of biodegradable organic matter. Biogas mainly composed of CH4 and CO2 represents a major environmental challenge. This study propose a method to estimate biogas surface emissions in landfill sites using atmospheric dispersion modeling of a tracer gas, in this case, methane. The spatial and temporal dynamics of CH4 and VOC concentrations have been followed on the studied landfill site (Séché Environnement) for several weather conditions. Measurement results show low atmospheric VOC and CH4 concentrations on the studied landfill site which validates low emissions of these compounds. Detected VOC are emitted by different sources, excluding the landfill site. The contribution of these sources on VOC concentrations is more important than that of the landfill site and no VOC could be identified as tracer of biogas emitted by landfill site. However, CH4 is emitted by the landfill site, its principal source. Two methods are proposed to estimate methane surface emissions using a Gaussian atmospheric dispersion model ADMS. Gaussian model is validated by comparison of the temporal dynamics and atmospheric concentrations of methane measured on the site and those modeled. The first method is based on an inverse approach and the second one is a statistical regression approach. CH4 emissions are estimated for the exposure period of the laser diode to the site emissions and for 4 weather scenarios identified by a hierarchical classification. Results validate the influence of meteorological parameters, especially the stability of the atmosphere, on the atmospheric dispersion and methane surface emissions
Jouvie, Camille. "Estimation de la fonction d'entrée en tomographie par émission de positons dynamique : application au fluorodesoxyglucose." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966453.
Full textJouvie, Camille. "Estimation de la fonction d’entrée en tomographie par émission de positons dynamique : application au fluorodesoxyglucose." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112303/document.
Full textPositron Emission Tomography (PET) is a method of functional imaging, used in particular for drug development and tumor imaging. In PET, the estimation of the arterial plasmatic activity concentration of the non-metabolized compound (the "input function") is necessary for the extraction of the pharmacokinetic parameters. These parameters enable the quantification of the compound dynamics in the tissues. This PhD thesis contributes to the study of the input function by the development of a minimally invasive method to estimate the input function. This method uses the PET image and a few blood samples. In this work, the example of the FDG tracer is chosen. The proposed method relies on compartmental modeling: it deconvoluates the three-compartment-model. The originality of the method consists in using a large number of regions of interest (ROIs), a large number of sets of three ROIs, and an iterative process. To validate the method, simulations of PET images of increasing complexity have been performed, from a simple image simulated with an analytic simulator to a complex image simulated with a Monte-Carlo simulator. After simulation of the acquisition, reconstruction and corrections, the images were segmented (through segmentation of an IRM image and registration between PET and IRM images) and corrected for partial volume effect by a variant of Rousset’s method, to obtain the kinetics in the ROIs, which are the input data of the estimation method. The evaluation of the method on simulated and real data is presented, as well as a study of the method robustness to different error sources, for example in the segmentation, in the registration or in the activity of the used blood samples
Le, Floch Martine. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et estimation des émissions particulaires métalliques de l'usine d'incinération d'ordures ménagères de Toulon dans l'air ambiant." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30018.
Full textThe aims of this study are the physico-chemical characterisation, the apportionment and the following of particulate heavy metals from MSWI emissions. Various methods (in situ data treatment, unmixing models and codes, UNMIX or CMB, sequential extractions and extented X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) agree in the following: - identification of the MSWI source in two profiles (Zn - Ca et Ba - Cu - Fe - Zn - Pb - Ca); - estimation of its contribution of up to 25% of the total sources contribution; - showing the seasonal variability in term of profile and contribution; - suggest the potential of emitted elements to enter the food chain; This EXAFS first approach on atmospheric particulate matter shows that zinc and lead are in an atomic environment with calcium, silicium and aluminum. In spite of disputable conclusions, isotopic lead ratios define a "MSWI" end-member and confirm that the town-center of Toulon is outside the MSWI plume influence
Lopez, Morgan. "Estimation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre à différentes échelles en France à l'aide d'observations de haute précision." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777476.
Full textPrud'homme, Julie. "Estimation et analyse spatiales des émissions de polluants de transports individualisés : évaluation des performances environnementales d'un Transport à la Demande." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992326.
Full textLopez, Morgan. "Estimation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre à différentes échelles en France à l’aide d’observations de haute précision." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112284/document.
Full textThe aim of my PhD is to use high precision measurements to evaluate greenhouse gas emissions at different scales in France, from local to regional. These measurements are made in the framework of the French greenhouse gases network operated by the RAMCES team. Three stations in France are equipped with gas chromatography measurement systems located at Gif-sur-Yvette, Trainou (Orléans forest) and on the summit of Puy-de-Dôme. They were optimized to measure continuously with high precision the main greenhouse gases: CO2 , CH4 , N2O and SF6. In July 2010, I have installed the gas chromatograph at Puy-de-Dôme and I present here the analysis of the past two years. I used an approach with measurements of greenhouse gases and related trace gases to constrain the emissions of greenhouse gases at different scales. At a regional scale, I used the 222Rn as an air mass tracer to quantify the monthly N2O fluxes at Gif-sur-Yvette and Trainou. Annual N2O emissions, derived from the atmospheric approach at Gif-sur-Yvette and Trainou are 0.34/0.51 and 0.52 g(N2O) m−2 a−1 , respectively. I found a clear seasonal cycle of N2O emissions with larger values in spring and summer, demonstrating the large contribution of agricultural emissions from fertilized soils. A correlation between annual N2O fluxes and annual precipitations was observed at Gif-sur-Yvette. At a local scale, I used carbon isotopes to estimate the fossil fuel CO2 contribution. Measurements were performed during a campaign in winter 2010 in Paris. Atmospheric 14 CO2 measurements showed that 77 % of total CO2 emissions are anthropogenic with a significant contribution of biospheric fluxes (23 %). Additionally, 13CO2 analysis showed that natural gas and fuel combustion amounted to 70 % and 30 %, respectively, of fossil fuel emissions
Books on the topic "Estimations des émissions"
Test n° 313: Estimation des émissions issues de bois traité par un produit de préservation dans l'environnement. OECD, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264067387-fr.
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