Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Estimation par horizon mobile'
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Eltrabyly, Akram. "Estimation and fault-tolerant control for safer quadrotor flights." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPAST149.pdf.
Full textQuadrotors have become increasingly present in our daily lives and are used in a wide range of applications, from delivery services to drone light shows. Many of its applications include close contact with humans. Should any fault occur to the quadrotor such on a motor, it could lead to catastrophic events, from injuries and expensive equipment loss to death. It is thus essential to focus on improving their safety and reliability through well-designed algorithms that can detect and compensate for faults affecting the drones.Another common source of drone failure is getting into a difficult orientation, such as an upside-down orientation, due to, for instance, strong wind disturbances or collision with a wall or with another drone. Linear controllers that are based on simplified models linearized around the hovering point and utilizing Euler angles for attitude representations are less likely to recover the drone from such orientation.The main objective of this thesis is to improve the safety and reliability of aerial robots by addressing the aforementioned problems. This is achieved by designing Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) algorithms that can achieve precise trajectory tracking under actuator constraints and in the presence of partial loss of effectiveness actuator fault and measurement noise. Furthermore, it expands on this goal by devising an algorithm that allows for recovery from random orientations, performing acrobatic flip maneuvers, and achieving precise trajectory following, all in the presence of actuator faults and constraints.First, quadrotor modeling and several attitude representations are investigated. Several nonlinear models based on various attitude representations, such as Euler angles, quaternions, and rotation matrices, are introduced.Additionally, an Active Fault-Tolerant Control (AFTC) framework is presented, which integrates a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) module based on a computationally cheap nonlinear algebraic observer and a fault-tolerant controller based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC). This framework can achieve precise trajectory tracking under actuator constraints and in the presence of actuator faults.The thesis also proposes an AFTC framework that is completely based on nonlinear constrained optimization. This framework combines Nonlinear Moving Horizon Estimation (NMHE) as an FDD module and NMPC as a fault-tolerant controller. NMHE is capable of simultaneously estimating states and actuator faults from noisy measurements while maintaining constraints, thus resulting in precise trajectory tracking under actuator faults and noisy measurements when combined with NMPC.Finally, a novel fault-tolerant geometric control algorithm is presented. It allows a quadrotor to recover from arbitrary orientations (almost upside-down), perform acrobatic flip maneuvers, and achieve precise trajectory tracking, all in the presence of actuator faults and constraints. The presented algorithm demonstrates superior performance and higher safety and reliability compared to a baseline geometric controller from the literature. Unlike the presented novel algorithm, the baseline controller fails to perform the same missions when under actuator faults. The results of this part are validated in a ROS-Gazebo simulation, and a proof of concept is validated through hardware experiments
Racine, Emmanuel. "Estimation efficace des paramètres de signaux d'usagers radio-mobile par traitement avec antenne-réseau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30193/30193.pdf.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of parameter estimation of radio signals from mobile users using an antenna array. A rigorous theoretical approach to the problem is adopted in an attempt to overcome the limitations and disadvantages of existing estimation methods in this field. The main chapters have been written covering only the theoretical aspects related to the main contributions of the thesis, while at the same time providing an appropriate literature review on the considered topics. The thesis is divided into three main parts related to the aforesaid contributions. Following a review of the basics concepts in antenna array processing techniques for signal parameter estimation, we first present an improved version of an existing estimation algorithm expoiting higher-order statistics of the received signals. Subsequently, we show how a nonlinear estimation technique exploiting the specific statistical distributions of the received complex envelopes at the array can be developed in order to overcome the limitations of second and fourth-order algorithms. Finally, we present the development of an estimation algorithm exploiting the cyclostationary nature of communication signals in a natural asynchronous environment. We show how such an algorithm is able to estimate the channel matrix of the received signals independently of the spatial or temporal correlation structure of the noise, thereby enabling a full exploitation of the array’s degree of freedom. The estimation process is carried out by solving a joint diagonalization problem involving target matrices computed by a differential operation between autocorrelation matrices obtained by the sole use of second-order statistics. Various simulation experiments are presented for each contribution as a means of supporting and evidencing the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Ögren, Petter. "Formations and Obstacle Avoidance in Mobile Robot Control." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Mathematics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3555.
Full textThis thesis consists of four independent papers concerningthe control of mobile robots in the context of obstacleavoidance and formation keeping.
The first paper describes a new theoreticallyv erifiableapproach to obstacle avoidance. It merges the ideas of twoprevious methods, with complementaryprop erties, byusing acombined control Lyapunov function (CLF) and model predictivecontrol (MPC) framework.
The second paper investigates the problem of moving a fixedformation of vehicles through a partiallykno wn environmentwith obstacles. Using an input to state (ISS) formulation theconcept of configuration space obstacles is generalized toleader follower formations. This generalization then makes itpossible to convert the problem into a standard single vehicleobstacle avoidance problem, such as the one considered in thefirst paper. The properties of goal convergence and safetyth uscarries over to the formation obstacle avoidance case.
In the third paper, coordination along trajectories of anonhomogenuos set of vehicles is considered. Byusing a controlLyapunov function approach, properties such as boundedformation error and finite completion time is shown.
Finally, the fourth paper applies a generalized version ofthe control in the third paper to translate,rotate and expanda formation. It is furthermore shown how a partial decouplingof formation keeping and formation mission can be achieved. Theapproach is then applied to a scenario of underwater vehiclesclimbing gradients in search for specific thermal/biologicalregions of interest. The sensor data fusion problem fordifferent formation configurations is investigated and anoptimal formation geometryis proposed.
Keywords:Mobile Robots, Robot Control, ObstacleAvoidance, Multirobot System, Formation Control, NavigationFunction, Lyapunov Function, Model Predictive Control, RecedingHorizon Control, Gradient Climbing, Gradient Estimation.
EUVRARD, GUILLAUME. "Estimation d'une regression non lineaire par reseaux de neurones; application a un probleme de robotique mobile." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066087.
Full textVentura, Raphaël. "Estimation de la pollution sonore en milieu urbain par assimilation d'observations mobiles." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS387.
Full textNoise pollution is a major environmental health problems, and the determination of populations exposure is needed. This can be done through noise mapping. Usually, maps are simulation-based, and subject to high uncertainties. Observational data is distributed in space and time and hence conveys information that is complementary to simulation data. In this thesis, we propose data assimilation methods that allow one to merge prior noise maps issued by numerical simulation with phone-acquired (via the Ambiciti app) noise observations. We run a performance analysis that addresses the range, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of measurements. Conclusions of this evaluation lead us to the proposition of a calibration strategy that has been embedded in Ambiciti. The result of the prior map and observations merging is called an analysis, and is designed to have minimum error variance, based on the respective uncertainties of both data sources that we evaluated: spatial correlations for the prior error; measurement errors, time and location representativeness for the observations. We address the estimation problem on two different scales. The first method relies on the so-called ``best linear unbiased estimator''. It produces hourly noise maps, based on temporally averaged simulation maps and mobile phone audio data recorded at the neighborhood scale. The second method leverages the crowd-sensed Ambiciti user data available throughout the covered city. The observations set must be filtered and pre-processed, in order to only select the ones that were generated in adequate conditions. The prior simulation map is then corrected in a global fashion
Wallner, Frank. "Estimation de position d'un robot mobile par utilisation des composantes principales des données d'un capteur télémétrique laser." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0158.
Full textLecrosnier, Louis. "Estimation de pose multimodale- Approche robuste par les droites 2D et 3D." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR089.
Full textCamera pose estimation consists in determining the position and the orientation of a camera with respect to a reference frame. In the context of mobile robotics, multimodality, i.e. the use of various sensor types, is often a requirement to solve complex tasks. However, knowing the orientation and position, i.e. the pose, of each sensor regarding a common frame is generally necessary to benefit multimodality. In this context, we present two major contributions with this PhD thesis. First, we introduce a pose estimation algorithm relying on 2D and 3D line and a known vertical direction. Secondly, we present two outliers rejection and line pairing methods based on the well known RANSAC algorithm. Our methods make use of the vertical direction to reduce the number of lines required to 2 and 1, i.e. RANSAC2 and RANSAC1. A robustness evaluation of our contributions is performed on simulated and real data. We show state of the art results
Cannelle, Bertrand. "Estimation de pose de grands blocs d'images panoramiques issues de systèmes de numérisation mobile." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1164/document.
Full textMobile mapping technology has grown exponentially the last ten years, particularly due to advances in computer and sensor performances. However, the very accurate positioning of data generated by such technique remains a crucial issue. The first part of this thesis presents the mobile mapping system that has been designed in the MATIS lab of IGN as well as its operational use. A detailed analysis of image data is proposed and data used for this work is discussed. The second part tackles the standard calibration procedure. First, camera calibration is performed by using a panoramic-based acquisition geometry, which allows not to required ground control points. Secondly, a full calibration procedure dedicated to the Stéréopolis V2is proposed so as to determine accurately the position and orientation of all the cameras. For that purpose, two procedures are explained : one requiring an area with points positioned with high accuracy ,and the other one based only the data acquisition. The third section details the compensation applied to the mobile mapping car that allows to improve poses of a large number of images. The mathematical formulation is proposed, and various cases of the method are explained. Data management is also presented since it is a mandatory step for efficient large amount of data management The fourth and final part of the thesis presents different registration scenarii, where methods developed in this work can be used individually as well as combined with other ones so as to bring higher coherence between sequences of distinct images
Drocourt, Cyril. "Localisation et modélisation de l'environnement d'un robot mobile par coopération de deux capteurs omnidirectionnels." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1385.
Full textCannelle, Bertrand, and Bertrand Cannelle. "Estimation de pose de grands blocs d'images panoramiques issues de systèmes de numérisation mobile." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952252.
Full textBousbia-Salah, Ryad. "Optimisation dynamique en temps-réel d’un procédé de polymérisation par greffage." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0242/document.
Full textIn a schematic way, process optimization consists of three basic steps: (i) modeling, in which a (phenomenological) model of the process is developed, (ii) problem formulation, in which the criterion of Performance, constraints and decision variables are defined, (iii) the resolution of the optimal problem, in which the optimal profiles of the decision variables are determined. It is important to emphasize that these optimal profiles guarantee the optimality for the model used. When applied to the process, these profiles are optimal only when the model perfectly describes the behavior of the process, which is very rarely the case in practice. Indeed, uncertainties about model parameters, process disturbances, and structural model errors mean that the optimal profiles of the model-based decision variables will probably not be optimal for the process. The objective of this thesis is to develop a conceptual strategy for using experimental measurements online so that the process not only satisfies the necessary conditions, but also the optimal conditions. This conceptual development will in particular be based on recent advances in deterministic optimization (the stochastic methods will not be dealt with in this work) of processes based on the estimation of the state variables that are not measured by a moving horizon observer. A dynamic real-time optimization (D-RTO) methodology has been developed and applied to a batch reactor where polymer grafting reactions take place. The objective is to determine the on-line reactor temperature profile that minimizes the batch time while meeting terminal constraints on the overall conversion rate and grafting efficiency
Bellarbi, Abdelkader. "Vers l’immersion mobile en réalité augmentée : une approche basée sur le suivi robuste de cibles naturelles et sur l’interaction 3D." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE005/document.
Full textPose estimation and 3D interaction are the essential basis for any Augmented Reality (AR) system. We aim to treat those two fields in order to offer a pertinent AR system that allows a mobile immersion and natural interaction. In this optic, this thesis provides an overall consistent state of the art in both pose estimation and 3D interaction for AR.In addition, this thesis details our contributions that consists of MOBIL: a binary descriptor that compares geometric moments of the patch through a binary test. Two improvements of this descriptor: MOBIL_2B and POLAR_MOBIL are proposed in order to enhance its robustness.We used this descriptor with PTAM technique to ensure the user pose estimation respectively for the selection/manipulation task and the navigation task.On the other hand, we proposed a novel 3D interaction technique called “Zoom-In”, designed for augmented reality applications. This technique is based on the zoom of the captured image. It calculates the 3D transformation relative to the selected object. This technique allows user selecting and manipulating distant virtual objects by bringing them within the user arm’s reach by zooming in the captured image, and re-estimating the user pose thanks to our proposed descriptor. Finally, we present a conclusion that describes the essential of this work and provide perspective and future work
Ma, Jianting. "Conception d’une plateforme mobile omnidirectionnelle pour l’analyse de l’équilibre postural dans les transports." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066175/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we achieved the development of a robotic system to reproduce in laboratory all the disturbances undergone by a human subject in public transport in order to make an analysis of postural balance. Reproductive simulated disturbances in laboratory require developing a dynamic platform unconstrained in its movement. Analysis of postural balance also requires the development of an inverted pendulum model to define quantitative indices of stability and to make comparative and statistical analysis. According the objectives of this research work, we realized a compact omnidirectional mobile platform capable of supporting a weight of about 120kg. This platform gives the subject placed on it a better perception of comfort and safety. Its performances in terms of trajectory tracking and acceleration control are carried out and evaluated. These performances are very satisfactory compared to experiments in the subway since the produced accelerations are higher than the values required by this means of transport. Thus, the platform is able to reproduce the perturbation compatible with the subway. We proposed two methods of analysis based on triaxial accelerometers connected and synchronized platform for evaluating torque and joint position of the ankle, knee and hip of the subject. The results obtained are comparable to those obtained by more expensive motion capture system with biomechanical software. New postural balance indices have been proposed from the biomechanical parameters of 22 subjects. These indices can be used by therapists to analyze and predict the ability of maintaining the balance of a passenger in the subway or more generally in public transport
Li, Gengxiang. "Rehaussement et détection des attributs sismiques 3D par techniques avancées d'analyse d'images." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731886.
Full textMartin, Lucile. "Contribution à la localisation d'un drone par vision stéréoscopique en intérieur texture." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066472.
Full textRoujol, Sébastien. "MR-guided thermotherapies of mobile organs : advances in real time correction of motion and MR-thermometry." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14263/document.
Full textMR-guided thermal ablation is a promising technique for the treatment of cancer and atrial fibrillation. MRI provides both anatomical and temperature information. The objective of this thesis is to extend and improve existing techniques for such interventions in mobile organs such as the kidney, the liver and the heart. A first part of this work focuses on the use of fast MRI (up to 10-15 Hz) for guiding the intervention in real time. This study demonstrated the potential of GPGPU programming as a solution to guarantee the real time condition for both MR-reconstruction and MR-thermometry. A precision in the range of 1°C and 2-3°C was obtained in abdominal organs and in the heart, respectively. Based on these advances, new methodological developments have been carried out in a second part of this thesis. New variational approaches have proposed to address the problem of motion estimation in presence of structures appearing transient and high intensity variations in images. A novel quality criterion to assess the motion estimation is proposed and used to autocalibrate our motion estimation algorithm. The correction of motion related magnetic susceptibility variation was extended to treat the special case of spontaneous motion. Finally, a novel temporal filter is proposed to reduce the noise of MR-thermometry measurements while controlling the bias introduced by the filtering process. As a conclusion, all main obstacles for MR-guided HIFU-ablation of abdominal organs have been addressed in in-vivo and ex-vivo studies, therefore clinical studies will now be realized. However, although promising results have been obtained for MR-guided RF-ablation in the heart, its feasibility in the atrium and in presence of arrhythmia still remains to be investigated
Boutteau, Rémi. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle de l'environnement d'un robot mobile, à partir d'informations de vision omnidirectionnelle, pour la préparation d'interventions." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711922.
Full textDeremetz, Mathieu. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la commande de robots mobiles autonomes et adaptables en milieux naturels." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC079/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the conceptualization, the modeling and the genericcontrol of mobile robots when moving in off-road contexts and facing slipperyterrains, especially for very accurate tracking and following applications. Thisthesis summarizes the proposed methods and the obtained results to addressthis research issue, first for path following applications (absolute localization)and then for edge and target tracking applications (relative localization). A finalsection of this thesis introduces an adaptive robotic concept and its associatedcontroller allowing the adaptation of the pose (position and orientation) of thechassis with respect to the environment topography.For each application, this thesis introduces a panel of innovative control algorithmsfor controlling skid-steering, two-wheel steering and four-wheel steeringmobile robots. Each algorithm of the panel is described, in this thesis, infour steps : modeling, estimation, control and experiments.The first main contribution of this thesis deals with the slippage estimation.The latter is adaptive and model-based. It also includes the extended kinematicmodeling only or together with the dynamic modeling of the mobile robot toensure a robust estimation of the slippage whatever the speed of the robot, encountereddynamic phenomena or even ground characteristics.The second main contribution deals with the design of a generic control approachfor mobile robots when path following and target tracking. The proposedstrategy is mostly based on a backstepping method and is illustrated inthis thesis via a panel of control laws. When combining this proposed controlapproach with the slippage estimation described above, significant improvedtracking and following performances are obtained (in term of stability, repeatability,accuracy and robustness) whatever the encountered context.All algorithms have been tested and validated through simulations and/orfull-scale experiments, indoor and off-road, with different mobile robots
Shu, Huaqiang. "Algorithmes de poursuite pour l'estimation de canal radio-mobile et performances asymptotiques : applications pour les systèmes OFDM." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918418.
Full textLiu, Ming. "Analyse et optimisation du système asiatique de diffusion terrestre et mobile de la télévision numérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662247.
Full textGenchev, Svetoslav. "Localisation de robots mobiles dans des environnements inconnus a priori." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1961.
Full textThis work emphasizes on three utterly related subjects – resolving robot position by distance measurements to other robots, estimating the uncertainty of the computed position and planning the robot’s movement in order to minimize that uncertainty. The planning algorithm uses some of the robots as stationary beacons guiding the robots in motion, thus enabling long-term working in unstructured environments. The main purpose of the planning is not building collision-free paths, but maintaining the positioning accuracy during the motion. Two important optimality criteria are considered, related to specific aspects of the common motion – how to plan trajectories with good movement precision, how to choose which robots to use as beacons and how to position them, in order to form appropriate geometrical arrangements and thus maximize localization precision. To resolve the position, given the distance measurements, we introduce several novel methodologies – one real-time, low-computation technique and another two optimal, computation costly model. The methods and theirs statistical characteristics have been presented analytically, and compared numerically by graphical simulations. The uncertainty estimation is based on the Delta method for uncertainty propagation, which in our case produce very satisfying results, compared to numeric estimators. Good knowledge of the position’s uncertainty is important when combining it with information of other sources, when performing hybrid navigation. Furthermore, a fast and differentiable uncertainty estimator has been found, not depending on the number of beacons used. Maintaining minimal values for the position uncertainty is the first criterion for the optimal motion planning. As a second criterion, we developed a differentiable beacon configuration quality estimator that does not depend on the localized robot but only on the positions of the beacons used. The proposed solutions for the three tasks have been validated experimentally by computer simulation. A simulation platform has been implemented for this purpose. It has been programmed on C++, using the OpenGL graphic library
Chenu, Tournier Marc. "Contribution à l'utilisation des techniques de traitement d'antenne dans un système de radiocommunication numérique : application à l'UMTS et au GSM." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DENS0039.
Full textRodriguez, Delphy. "Caractérisation de la pollution urbaine en Île-de-France par une synergie de mesures de surface et de modélisation fine échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS341.
Full textThe harmful effects of air pollution need a high-resolution concentration estimate. Ambient pollutant concentrations are routinely measured by surface monitoring sites of local agencies (AIRPARIF in Paris area, France). Such networks are not dense enough to represent the strong horizontal gradients of pollutant concentrations over urban areas. And, high-resolution models that simulate 3D pollutant concentration fields have a large spatial coverage but suffer from uncertainties. Those both information sources exploited independently are not able to accurately assess an individual’s exposure. We suggest two approaches to solve this problem : (1) direct pollution measurement by using low cost mobile sensors and reference instruments. A high variability across pollution levels is shown between microenvironments and also in the same room. Mobile sensors should be deployed on a large scale due to their technical constraints. Reference instruments are very expensive, cumbersome, and can only be used occasionally. (2) by combining concentration fields of the Parallel Micro-SWIFT-SPRAY (PMSS) model over Paris at a horizontal resolution of 3 meters with AIRPARIF local ground stations measurements. We determined “representativeness areas” - perimeter where concentrations are very close to the one of the station location – only from PMSS simulations. Next, we developed a Bayesian model to extend the stations measurements within these areas
Valdes-Gonzalez, Héctor-Moisés. "Contribution à l'Estimation d'Etat à Horizon Glissant par Méthodes Ensemblistes : Applications à la Surveillance et Détection des Dysfonctionnements sur des Bioprocédés." Phd thesis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198362.
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