Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Estimation du flux de passagers'
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Drosouli, Ifigeneia. "Multimodal machine learning methods for pattern analysis in smart cities and transportation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0028.
Full textIn the context of modern, densely populated urban environments, the effective management of transportation and the structure of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) are paramount. The public transportation sector is currently undergoing a significant expansion and transformation with the objective of enhancing accessibility, accommodating larger passenger volumes without compromising travel quality, and embracing environmentally conscious and sustainable practices. Technological advancements, particularly in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big Data Analytics (BDA), and Advanced Sensors (AS), have played a pivotal role in achieving these goals and contributing to the development, enhancement, and expansion of Intelligent Transportation Systems. This thesis addresses two critical challenges within the realm of smart cities, specifically focusing on the identification of transportation modes utilized by citizens at any given moment and the estimation and prediction of transportation flow within diverse transportation systems. In the context of the first challenge, two distinct approaches have been developed for Transportation Mode Detection. Firstly, a deep learning approach for the identification of eight transportation media is proposed, utilizing multimodal sensor data collected from user smartphones. This approach is based on a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network and Bayesian optimization of model’s parameters. Through extensive experimental evaluation, the proposed approach demonstrates remarkably high recognition rates compared to a variety of machine learning approaches, including state-of-the-art methods. The thesis also delves into issues related to feature correlation and the impact of dimensionality reduction. The second approach involves a transformer-based model for transportation mode detection named TMD-BERT. This model processes the entire sequence of data, comprehends the importance of each part of the input sequence, and assigns weights accordingly using attention mechanisms to grasp global dependencies in the sequence. Experimental evaluations showcase the model's exceptional performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, highlighting its high prediction accuracy. In addressing the challenge of transportation flow estimation, a Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Recurrent Network is proposed. This network learns from both the spatial stations network data and time-series of historical mobility changes to predict urban metro and bike sharing flow at a future time. The model combines Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks to enhance estimation accuracy. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world datasets from the Hangzhou metro system and the NY City bike sharing system validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, showcasing its ability to identify dynamic spatial correlations between stations and make accurate long-term forecasts
Guesdon, Romain. "Estimation de poses humaines par apprentissage profond : application aux passagers des véhicules autonomes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO20002.
Full textResearch into autonomous cars has made great strides in recent decades, focusing particularly on analysis of the external environment and driving-related tasks. This has led to a significant increase in the autonomy of private vehicles. In this new context, it may be relevant to take an interest in the passengers of these autonomous vehicles, to study their behavior in the face of this revolution in the means of transport. The AURA AutoBehave project has been set up to explore these issues in greater depth. This project brings together several laboratories conducting research in different scientific disciplines linked to this theme, such as computer vision, biomechanics, emotions, and transport economics. This thesis carried out at the LIRIS laboratory is part of this project, in which we focus on methods for estimating the human poses of passengers using deep learning. We first looked at state-of-the-art solutions and developed both a dataset and a metric better suited to the constraints of our context. We also studied the visibility of the keypoints to help estimate the pose. We then tackled the problem of domain generalisation for pose estimation to propose an efficient solution under unknown conditions. Thus, we focused on the generation of synthetic passenger data for pose estimation. Among other things, we studied the application of generative networks and 3D modeling methods to our problem. We have used this data to propose different training strategies and two new network architectures. The proposed fusion approach associated with the training strategies makes it possible to take advantage of both generic and specific datasets, to improve the generalisation capabilities of pose estimation methods inside a car, particularly on the lower body
Shahnaz, Sabina. "Gas flux estimation from surface gas concentrations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/55073.
Full textCordova, Vicente D. "Regional-scale carbon flux estimation using MODIS imagery." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1325989.
Full textDepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
Goel, Gautam. "Dynamic flux estimation a novel framework for metabolic pathway analysis /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31769.
Full textCommittee Chair: Voit, Eberhard O.; Committee Member: Butera, Robert; Committee Member: Chen, Rachel; Committee Member: Kemp, Melissa; Committee Member: Neves, Ana Rute. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Bonnefous, Odile. "Estimation des vitesses d'écoulement des flux sanguins par échographie ultrasonore." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077224.
Full textCooper, Daniel Ira. "Estimation of sensible heat flux from remotely sensed surface temperatures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185151.
Full textComanescu, Mihai. "Flux and speed estimation techniques for sensorless control of induction motors." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116338965.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 109 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-109). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Abareshi, Behzad. "Sensible heat flux estimation over a prairie grassland by neural networks." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23765.
Full textToffa, Ohini Kafui. "Estimation du flux optique en présence d'occultations par une approche TAC." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4807.
Full textHerig, Coimbra Pedro Henrique. "A whirlwind journey of wavelet turbulent flux mapping : estimation of spatialized turbulent flux on tall towers and its uncertainties." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASJ011.
Full textClimate and human activity are closely linked. Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions impact climate dynamics and air quality, affecting millions globally. Effective GHG monitoring is essential for informed policy decisions, yet it is complex due to spatial and temporal variability of sources and sinks, and atmospheric transport. Monitoring networks address this variability by deploying sensors across diverse geographic locations sampling continuously over time.Urban areas are key emission points, driving climate change. However, monitoring direct GHG changes over >5 km2 with varied sources and vegetated areas lacks a standard method. Eddy Covariance (EC) offers direct, continuous GHG net flux monitoring. Wavelet-based EC operates on the same principles as the standard method but calculates covariance using frequency decomposed time series. This approach does not require stationarity, leaving more data available for analysis, particularly beneficial in complex urban environments where non-stationary fluxes are common.Disentangling anthropogenic and biogenic components of a net CO2 flux is recognised as a key issue yet to be resolved in urbanised areas. Conventional ecosystem models used to partition gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) are not appropriate for urbanised areas. Direct partitioning using high-frequency correlations between tracer gases may help overcoming the limitations of standard partitioning methods.While Eddy Covariance remains standard for local studies, estimating larger-scale surface fluxes often involves assimilating background concentration measurements to prior estimations using transport models. The progress in satellite imagery and detailed inventories provides a new basis that helps improve these methods. However, inversion methods using tower flux data are still sparse and would be interesting to test in urbanised areas.The objective of this PhD was to evaluate wavelet-based EC combined with Bayesian inversion methods for CO2 flux mapping. During the course of the PhD I discovered a new direct partitioning method that was used with a combination of CH4 and CO to improve the overall inversion in the suburban area of the Saclay plateau.In the first paper of the PhD, we hypothesised that decomposing concentration and wind signals by frequency can capture individual gusts within each frequency, typically mixed in the original signal. We leveraged this feature to propose a new parameter-free direct partitioning method based on quadrant analysis of CO2 and water vapour frequency decomposed fluxes. We showed that this method could indeed provide unbiased estimates of GPP and Reco at a crop and a forest ecosystem site near Paris. We also found that wavelet eddy covariance further saved up to 30% of the non-stationary data in these sites.In the second paper, we proposed using tall towers equipped with high-precision but slow analysers for measuring fluxes. Despite slower acquisition frequencies, attenuation was limited to 20 % by a lower contribution of high frequencies at this height. Results encourage further collaboration between atmospheric and ecosystem networks for in-situ measurements.In the third paper, we combined the partitioning method proposed in the first paper with the flux from the second paper, including now more gases measured to partition CO2 fluxes in biogenic and anthropogenic components and assimilate them in previous spatially-explicit estimations of fluxes at few km2. The obtained flux maps offer the advantage of relying on direct flux measurements at the landscape scale and may be used to informing large-scale inversions at broader scales.Results focused on the Parisian region provide valuable insights for flux measurements at the landscape scale and beyond, and contributing to emission monitoring strategies. These advancements contribute to understanding and addressing environmental challenges at the temporal and spatial scales where decisions are made
Ertugrul, Baris Tugrul. "Sensorless Vector Control Of Induction Motor Based On Flux And Speed Estimation." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610297/index.pdf.
Full texta kind of sensorless closed loop estimation technique- and Kalman filters is given. With the comparison of sensorless closed-loop speed estimation techniques, it has been attempted to identify their superiority and inferiority to each other by the use of simulation models and real-time experiments. In the experiments, the performance of the techniques developed and used in the thesis has been examined under extensively changing speed and load conditions. The real-time experiments have been carried out by the use of TI TMS320F2812 digital signal processor, XILINX XCS2S150E Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), control card and the motor drive card Furthermore, Matlab &ldquo
Embedded Target for the TI C2000 DSP&rdquo
and &ldquo
Code Composer Studio&rdquo
software tools have been used. The simulations and experiments conducted in the study have illustrated that it is possible to increase the performance at low speeds at the expense of increased computational burden on the processor. However, in order to control the motor at zero speed, high frequency signal implementation should be used as well as a different electronic hardware.
Cumbria, Neil M. "Robust controlled flux estimation for indirect field-oriented controlled induction motor drives." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0023/MQ31386.pdf.
Full textAssaad, Aziz. "Pollution anthropique de cours d'eau : caractérisation spatio-temporelle et estimation des flux." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0054/document.
Full textThe Water Framework Directive demands a return to good condition for rivers in Europe. These rivers receive different types of pollution related to various economic activities of populations installed along their banks. We are often interested in an isolated manner to particular types of pollution: pollution due to agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and livestock waste in rural areas, pollution due to a specific industry (steel, paper mill, etc.), more or less well treated domestic pollution, etc. But in many cases, we are dealing with a mixture of pollutants. In the case of the Moselle, the pollution generated by human activities in the French part of the Moselle watershed impacts surface water quality downstream and therefore the Rhine. Our goal is to characterize the state of some tributaries of the Moselle (Madon, Meurthe, Vologne and Fensch) versus anthropogenic pressures and propose a strategy to calculate the flow of pollutants along these rivers. In this context, sampling campaigns with a dense spatial stations have been organized. In addition to the usual parameters characterizing water quality (conductivity, pH, dissolved organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, etc.) a particular attention has been given to optical properties (UV-visible absorbance, synchronous fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter in order to understand its origin. Synchronous fluorescence spectra were studied by deconvolution or by principal components analysis. A method has been developed, based on the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, to detect the presence of optical brighteners. Finally, a methodology has been developed in Madon watershed in order to calculate the mean daily pollution flux at each sampling station for each sampling period from geographic data
Joshi, Bhaskar. "Estimation of diffuse vadose zone soil-water flux in a semi-arid region." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23996.pdf.
Full textXue, Xingjian. "IMPROVEMENTS ON HEAT FLUX AND HEAT CONDUCTANCE ESTIMATION WITH APPLICATIONS TO METAL CASTINGS." MSSTATE, 2003. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-08042003-091324/.
Full textKumar, Vijay. "Estimation of absorptivity and heat flux at the reheat phase of thermoforming process." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83870.
Full textHenry, Pierre. "Circulation des fluides dans les prismes d'accretion : estimation du flux sortant et modelisations." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066157.
Full textBourras, Denis. "Estimation par satellite du flux de chaleur latente a la surface des oceans." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066073.
Full textHorincar, Roxana Gabriela. "Refresh Strategies and Online Change Estimation for Highly Dynamic Web Content." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066210.
Full textRahman, Md Tajminur Rahman. "Evapotranspiration Estimation from MOD16 MODIS Data Product and Compared with Flux Tower Observations of Toledo." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1503504745619541.
Full textRobinson, Paul S. "Development of Methodologies for the Noninvasive Estimation of Blood Perfusion." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46476.
Full textMaster of Science
Aouad, Hazar. "Transport de Flux Temps Réels dans un Réseau IP Mobile." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0002.
Full textIn this thesis, we study several implementation methods of the QoS (Quality of Service) in an IP network. As a first step, we model outgoing/entering flows of a mobile wireless network. We model the inter arrival law of the aggregation of the flows entering the UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) network, the UMTS (Mobile Universal Telecommunication Service) access network. We determine also the characterizing law of the inter arrival aggregated traffic leaving a WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) network, using the 802. 11 protocol. For these two networks, we propose various models of aggregation of voice, Web, file transfer flow and a multiplexing of these various classes. In a second step, we develop the equations determining the stationary probabilities of a queue implementing a GPS (Generalised Processor Sharing) scheduler with three classes of services. By using the DiffServ mechanism to differentiate flows, we measure the QoS at the output of a single queue or a network using WRR (Weighted Round Robin), one of the algorithms approximating GPS. We then plot the various curves of delays and loss probabilities observed at the output of this queue according to weight and the load created by each class. In a third step, we develop a method of dynamic adaptation of the routing. We propose it in order to solve the problem with the variations of the delay distribution on the links forming the end to end path. This mechanism is based on network tomography techniques in order to estimate the delay distribution on the various sections of the paths observed
Okumus, Halil Ibrahim. "Improved direct torque control of induction machine drives." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364958.
Full textFarhadi, Leila. "Estimation of land surface water and energy balance flux components and closure relation using conditional sampling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70757.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 348-364).
Models of terrestrial water and energy balance include numerical treatment of heat and moisture diffusion in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum. These two diffusion and exchange processes are linked only at a few critical points. The performance and sensitivity of models are highly dependent on the nature of these linkages that are expressed as the closure function between heat and moisture dynamics. Land response to radiative forcing and partitioning of available energy into sensible and latent heat fluxes are dependant on the functional form. Since the function affects the surface fluxes, the influence reaches through the boundary layer and affects the lower atmosphere weather. As important as these closure functions are, they remain essentially empirical and untested across diverse conditions. It is critically important to develop observation-driven estimation procedures for the terrestrial water and energy closure problem, especially at the scale of modeling and with global coverage. In this dissertation a new approach to the estimation of key unknown parameters of water and energy balance equation and their closure relationship is introduced. This approach is based on averaging of heat and moisture diffusion equations conditioned on land surface temperature and moisture states respectively. The method is derived only from statistical stationarity and conservation statements of water and energy and thus it is scale free. The aim of this dissertation is to establish the theoretical basis for the approach and perform a global test using multi-platform remote sensing measurements. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated at point-scale using synthetic data and flux-tower field site data. The method is applied to the mesoscale region of Gourma (West Africa) using multi-platform remote sensing data. The retrievals were verified against tower-flux field site data and physiographic characteristics of the region. The approach is used to find the functional form of the Evaporative Fraction (ratio of latent heat flux to sum of latent and sensible heat fluxes) dependence on soil moisture. Evaporative Fraction is a key closure function for surface and subsurface heat and moisture dynamics. With remote sensing data the dependence of this function on governing soil and vegetation characteristics is established.
by Leila Farhadi.
Ph.D.
Lockwood, David F. (David Farias). "An analysis of a diffusive-flux-limited model for groundwater cleanup rate estimation using air sparging." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43436.
Full textChu, Yin. "Flux de polluants en crue sur des petits bassins versants côtiers méditerranéens : sources, estimation et modélisation." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20015.
Full textWang, Xiuquan. "Parameter Estimation in the Advection Diffusion Reaction Model With Mean Occupancy Time and Boundary Flux Approaches." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/976.
Full textMukherjee, Sandipan. "On the estimation of nitrous oxide flux from agricultural fields of Canterbury New Zealand using micro-meteorological methods." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8454.
Full textMessager, Cyril. "Estimation des flux de gaz à effet de serre à l'échelle régionale à partir de mesures atmosphériques." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077114.
Full textI build up a new System to measure continuously CO2 (or CO), CH4, N2O and SF6 mixing ratios. It is based on a commercial gas chromatograph (Agilent 6890N) which have been modified to reach better precisions. Reproducibility computed with a target gas on a 24 hours time step gives: 0. 06 ppm for CO2, 1. 4 ppb for CO, 0. 7 ppb for ChU, 0. 2 ppb for N2O and 0. 05 ppt for SF6. The instrument's run is fully automated, an air sample analysis takes about 5 minutes. In July 2006, I install instrumentation on a telecommunication tall tower (200m) situated near Orleans forest in Trainou, to monitor continuously greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6), atmospheric tracers (CO, Radon-222) and meteorological parameters. Intake lines were installed at 3 levels (50, 100 and 180 m) and allow us to sample air masses along the vertical. Continuous measurement started in January 2007. I used Mace Head (Ireland) and Gif-sur-Yvette continuous measurements to estimate major greenhouse gases emission fluxes at regional scale. To make the link between atmospheric measurements and surface fluxes, we need to quantify dilution due to atmospheric transport. I used Radon-222 as tracer (radon tracer method) and planetary boundary layer heights estimates from ECMWF model (boundary layer budget method) to parameterise atmospheric transport. In both cases I compared results to available emission inventories
Carouge, Claire. "Vers une estimation des flux de CO2 journaliers européens à haute résolution par inversion du transport atmosphérique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066013.
Full textCherrered, Marzouk. "Elaboration d'une méthodologie pour la détermination des flux rejetés par les réseaux d'assainissement unitaires." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0002.
Full textThere are about twenty years ago, nobody was interested by combined sewer overflow phenomenas in storm weather. The water or urban runoff have been supposed "clean" and one considered that the dilution of dry weather effluent in the storm water decrease the impact of the pollution generated by overflows. The recent quality studies about water runoff have showed the importance of this water's pollution. So, actually it is admited that combined se~er systems represent an important source of pollution for the natural environment. In this thesis, methodology to estimate combined overflows has been elaborated after exploitation of data resulted from french concrete case studies where such problems a're observed. The study has been realised in four steps: -A bibliography study have allowed to discover the actual state of the problem in terms of existant methods conceming both experimentation and modelling, and to definie the research needs. -Studies french have been analysed and exploited to definie the differents methods used by study offices, and to show methodological lacunas from the observations made and the got results. - Methods and new propositions have been defined and coherent methodological diagram has been realized to compar and test these methods. - A computer tool have been conceived to make the simulations and the defined tests. New methods about the simulation of rainfall and the use of polluant concentrations, have been defined
Simsek, Gunay. "Sensorless Direct Field Oriented Control Of Induction Machine By Flux And Speed Estimation Using Model Reference Adaptive System." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604965/index.pdf.
Full textindirect and direct field oriented. The field to be oriented may be rotor, stator, or airgap flux-linkage. In the indirect field-oriented control, the slip estimation based on the measured or estimated rotor speed is required in order to compute the synchronous speed. There is no need for the flux estimation in such a system. For the direct field oriented case the synchronous speed is computed with the aid of a flux estimator. In DFO, the synchronous speed is iv computed from the ratio of dq-axes fluxes. With the combination of a flux estimator and an open-loop speed estimator one can observe stator-rotor fluxes, rotor-flux angle and rotor speed. In this study, the direct (rotor) flux oriented control system with flux and-open-loop speed estimators is described and tested in real-time with the Evaluation Module named TMS320LF21407 and the Embedded Target software named Vissim from Visual Solutions Company.
Ricketts, Patricia Lynn. "Development of the Passive Perfusion Probe for Non-Invasive Blood Perfusion Measurement." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32959.
Full textMaster of Science
Klimpt, Johannes [Verfasser], Hendrik [Gutachter] Elbern, and Susanne [Gutachter] Crewell. "CO2 State and Flux Estimation by Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation / Johannes Klimpt ; Gutachter: Hendrik Elbern, Susanne Crewell." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1129356884/34.
Full textCezar, Vinicius Oiring de Castro. "Contribution au renvoi de tension et à la reconstitution du réseau. Estimation des flux rémanents dans un transformateur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT046/document.
Full textDuring the re-energization of the auxiliaries of a nuclear or hydraulic power plant, the most dangerous step is the re-energization of the power transformer, because of the temporary overvoltage and inrush currents. These transients phenomenon causes undesirable effects for both network and for the power transformer (electrodynamic forces over the windings, the magnetic circuit’s vibration, noise and the premature aging of the transformer). The goal of these thesis is to suggest new methodologies allowing us to evaluate unknown parameters (the residual flux’s values in the magnetic circuit before transformer’s energization). According to the latest problems in order to evaluate it (no direct method, derivation, voltage measurement error, etc) two new methods based on the previous magnetization of the magnetic circuit (prefluxing method) and on the leakage flux measurement of the magnetic circuit (direct measurement of the flux by measuring the magnetic induction method) are proposed
Unnikrishnakurup, Sreedhar. "Etude expérimentale et numérique d'un essai de soudage TIG statique et estimation des paramètres du flux de chaleur." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20013/document.
Full textGas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process is generally used for assemblies that requires high quality weld joint. The microstructure and the weld joint relies mainly on the thermal cycle due to the welding operation, the chemical composition of the metallic material and the complex flow of molten metal in the weld pool. Moreover the fluid flow in the weld pool play a major role in the temperature distribution and the final weld pool shape. Better understanding of the physical phenomena involved in the welding operation, more exactly in the weld pool, are the fundamental step for improving the GTAW operation, for example increase the productivity or avoid defects. In the present research work, a two dimensional axi-symmetric multiphysics model was established in order to predict the weld pool shape evolution in the frame of a stationary Gas Tungsten Arc Welding using a finite element numerical approach. The weld pool model included various driving forces such as self-induced electromagnetic (Lorentz force), surface tension (Marangoni force), buoyancy and the arc plasma drag force. The stated GTAW model is used for predicting the velocity and temperature distribution in the fusion zone and the final weld pool shape. In order to validate the GTAW model, an experimental set up was defined for synchronizing the acquisition of time dependent data such as temperature, weld pool radius and welding process parameters (current and voltage). Image processing algorithms were developed for the time dependent weld pool size identification from the high speed camera images. Comparison between experimental and calculated data exhibited important discrepancies on the temperature field and weld pool radius. These discrepancies are due to the incoming heat flux from the arc plasma into the work piece. The heat flux was modeled with a Gaussian function itself described with few parameters;two of these required to be estimated: GTAW efficiency and Gaussian distribution.An inverse approach is used for estimating these parameters from the available experimental data: temperature, weld pool radius and macrographs. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is used to solve the inverse heat transfer problem coupled to an iterative process regularization. Afterward the inverse heat transfer problem was investigated through few numerical cases in order to verify its robustness to three sorts of error in the input data (measurement noise, sensor location error and inaccuracies associated with the thermophysical properties). The inverse approach was robust to errors introduced on measurement data. However, errors on the position of sensors or on the knowledge of material thermo-physical properties are problematic on the GTAW efficiency estimation. Finally the inverse problem was solved with experimental measurement. The estimated parameters are in good agreement with the literature. The evaluated error on the estimated parameters is less than 10%
Biletska, Krystyna. "Estimation en temps réel des flux origines-destinations dans un carrefour à feux par fusion de données multicapteurs." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1893.
Full textThe quality of the information about origins and destinations (OD) of vehicles in a junction influences the performance of many road transport systems. The period of its update determines the temporal scale of working of these systems. We are interested in the problem of reconstituting of the OD of vehicles crossing a junction, at each traffic light cycle, using the traffic light states and traffic measurements from video sensors. Traffic measurements, provided every second, are the vehicle counts made on each entrance and exit of the junction and the number of vehicles stopped at each inner section of the junction. Thses real date are subject to imperfections. The only existent method, named ORIDI, which is capable of resolving this problem doesn’t take into account the data imperfection. We propose a new method modelling the date imprecision by the theory of fuzzy subsets. It can be applied to any type of junction and is independent of the type of traffic light strategy. The method estimates OD flows from the vehicle conservation law represented by an underdetermined system of equations constructed in a dynamic way at each traffic light cycle using to the fuzzy a-timed Petri nets. A unique solution is found thanks to eight different methods which introduce estimate in the form of point, interval or fuzzy set. Our study shows that the crisp methods are accurate like ORIDI, but more robust when one of the video sensors is broken down. The interval and fuzzy methods, being less accurate than ORIDI, try to guarantee that the solution includes the true value
Theissing, Simon. "Supervision en transport multimodal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN076/document.
Full textWithout any doubt, modern multimodal transportation systems are vital to the ecological sustainability and the economic prosperity of urban agglomerations, and in doing so to the quality of life of their many inhabitants. Moreover it is known that a well-functioning interoperability of the different modes and lines in such networked systems is key to their acceptance given the fact that (i) many if not most trips between different origin/destination pairs require transfers, and (ii) costly infrastructure investments targeting the creation of more direct links through the construction of new or the extension of existing lines are not open to debate. Thus, a better understanding of how the different modes and lines in these systems interact through passenger transfers is of utmost importance. However, acquiring this understanding is particularly tricky in degraded situations where some or all transportation services cannot be provided as planned due to e.g. some passenger incident, and/or where the demand for these scheduled services deviates from any statistical long term-plannings. Here, the development for and integration of sophisticated mathematical models into the operation of such systems may provide remedy, where model-predictive supervision seems to be one very promising area of application which we consider here. Model-predictive supervision can take several forms. In this work, we focus on the model-based impact analysis of different actions, such as the delayed departure of some vehicle from a stop, applied to the operation of the considered transportation system upon some downgrading situation occurs which lacks statistical data. For this purpose, we introduce a new stochastic hybrid automaton model, and show how this mathematically profound model can be used to forecast the passenger numbers in and the vehicle operational state of this transportation system starting from estimations of all passenger numbers and an exact knowledge of the vehicle operational state at the time of the incident occurrence. Our new automaton model brings under the same roof, all passengers who demand fixed-route transportation services, and all vehicles which provide them. It explicitly accounts for all capacity-limits and the fact that passengers do not necessarily follow efficient paths which must be mapped to some simple to understand cost function. Instead, every passenger has a trip profile which defines a fixed route in the infrastructure of the transportation system, and a preference for the different transportation services along this route. Moreover, our model does not abstract away from all vehicle movements but explicitly includes them in its dynamics, which latter property is crucial to the impact analysis of any vehicle movement-related action. In addition our model accounts for uncertainty; resulting from unknown initial passenger numbers and unknown passenger arrival flows. Compared to classical modelling approaches for hybrid automata, our Petri net-styled approach does not require the end user to specify our model's many differential equations systems by hand. Instead, all these systems can be derived from the model's predominantly graphical specification in a fully automated manner for the discrete time computation of any forecast. This latter property of our model in turn reduces the risk of man-made specification and thus forecasting errors. Besides introducing our new model, we also develop in this report some algorithmic bricks which target two major bottlenecks which are likely to occur during its forecast-producing simulation, namely the numerical integration of the many high-dimensional systems of stochastic differential equations and the combinatorial explosion of its discrete state. Moreover, we proof the computational feasibility and show the prospective benefits of our approach in form of some simplistic test- and some more realistic use case
Brut, Aurore. "Mesure des échanges surface-atmosphère : paramétrisation des flux sur l'océan et mise au point d'un instrument pour la détermination de flux d'espèces en trace." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30146.
Full textInteractions between the huge oceanic surfaces and the atmosphere involve substantial amount of energy and material. So, taking these exchanges into account in a more realistic way is essential to improve numerical weather forecasting as well as our knowledge of climate. An efficient mean to precisely estimate the transfer of gas and energy above the sea surface is still the local measurement. With this aim in view, the EQUALANT99 experiment, which took place in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean in summer 1999, allowed to gather a large meteorological dataset. First, turbulent fluxes above the ocean have been estimated with both inertial dissipation and eddy correlation methods. .
Noumonvi, Koffi Dodji. "Estimation of carbon fluxes from eddy covariance data and satellite-derived vegetation indices in a karst grassland (Podgorski Kras, Slovenia)." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17944.
Full textThe Eddy covariance method is a widespread method used for measuring carbon fluxes between the atmosphere and the ecosystem. It provides a high temporal resolution of measurements, but it is restricted to an area around the tower called footprint, and other methods are usually used in combination with eddy covariance data in order to estimate carbon fluxes for larger areas. Spectral vegetation indices derived from increasingly available satellite data can be combined with eddy covariance data to estimate carbon fluxes outside of the tower footprint. Following that approach, the present study attempted to model carbon fluxes for a karst grassland in Slovenia. Three types of model were considered: (1) a linear relationship between NEE or GPP and each vegetation index, (2) a linear relationship between GPP and the product of a vegetation index with PAR, and (3) a simplified LUE model assuming a constant LUE. We compared the performance of several vegetation indices from two sources (Landsat and SPOT-Vegetation) as predictors of NEE and GPP, based on three accuracy metrics (R², RMSE and AIC). Two types of aggregation of flux data were explored, midday average fluxes and daily average fluxes. The Vapor Pressure Deficit was used to separate the growing season in two phases, a greening phase and a dry phase, which were considered separately in the modelling process, in addition to the growing season as a whole. The results showed that NDVI was the best predictor of GPP and NEE during the greening phase, whereas water related vegetation indices, namely LSWI and MNDWI were the best predictors during the dry phase, both for midday and daily aggregates. Model type 1 (linear relationship) was found to be the best in many cases. The best regression equations obtained were used to illustrate the mapping of GPP and NEE for the study area
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Mudaliar, Ashvinikumar. "Development of a Phantom Tissue for Blood Perfusion Measurements and Noninvasive Blood Perfusion Estimation in Living Tissue." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26435.
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Ertek, Talip Murat. "Speed Estimation Techniques For Sensorless Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606863/index.pdf.
Full textAdon, Marcellin. "Etude des concentrations de gaz atmosphériques et estimation des flux de dépôt sec à l'échelle des principaux écosystèmes africains." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650079.
Full textRobinson, Marie-Claire. "Validating the use of airborne remote sensing in the coastal zone and its application to suspended sediment flux estimation." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1930.
Full textLENA, PHILIPPE. "Estimation du flux de chaleur latente a la surface des oceans : applications a des echelles temporelles de cinq jours." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077087.
Full textMANCIER, CHRISTELLE. "Variabilite spatiale et temporelle de l'occurrence des foliations de tropopause : estimation du flux regional d'ozone a travers la tropopause." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077098.
Full textAdon, Attoh Marcellin. "Étude des concentrations de gaz atmosphériques et estimation des flux de dépôt sec à l'échelle des principaux écosystèmes africains." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1356/.
Full textThis research, conducted as part of IDAF (IGAC/DEBITS/AFrica*) program, is a contribution to the study of atmospheric constituent deposition on the surface of the earth, in tropical Africa. It concerns the study of atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen gases (ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid), sulfur dioxide and ozone, and their dry deposition in West and Central Africa. The gases were measured on a monthly basis by the technique of passive samplers over a ten year period (1998-2007) at seven remote sites within the framework of the IDAF network. The sites are located to represent a transect of African ecosystems, i. E. , dry savanna-wet savanna - forest. The validation and the analysis of the decadal IDAF database of " IDAF gases " allowed to establish (1) the levels of surface gaseous concentration characteristic of each major ecosystem and (2) to study their monthly, seasonal, annual and interannual mean variations on the transect of ecosystems. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by the inferential method based on dry deposition velocities (Vd) calculated using the "big leaf" model of Zhang et al. (2003b). In the model of deposition, surface and meteorological conditions specific to IDAF sites have been adapted and validated in order to simulate Vd representative of major African ecosystems. The monthly, seasonal and annual mean variations of gaseous dry deposition fluxes (NO2, HNO3, NH3, O3, and SO2) are analyzed. A budget of total nitrogen atmospheric deposition (dry + wet) is proposed at the African ecosystem scale. The total nitrogen deposition estimated is around 6-9 kgN. Ha-1. Yr-1, 7-10 kgN. Ha-1. Yr-1 and 13 kgN. Ha-1. Yr-1 respectively in dry savannas, wet savannas and forests, with a relative contribution of dry deposition in the gaseous form to the total nitrogen deposition between 46 and 71% for all ecosystems. We have also established an emission-deposition budget of oxidized and reduced nitrogen compounds for each IDAF station. This budget shows that the total emission flux have the same order of magnitude of annual mean nitrogen deposition for the savannas ecosystems but is lower in the forested ecosystem. Finally, a comparative analysis between IDAF measurements of nitrogen deposition and (1) a global multi-model exercise and (2) critical loads of eutrophication is presented over the African tropical ecosystems
Cole, Kevin Conrad. "Estimation of mass flux and aquifer properties using Global Positioning System and microgravity in the Tucson Basin, southern Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185397.
Full textMarion, Adrien. "Filtrage spatiotemporel orienté de séquences d'images : application à l'estimation du mouvement des flux sanguins en imagerie ultrasonore." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00432802.
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