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AlFakhri, Marwa, and Janice Compton. "Life Expectancy of Couples in Canada." Canadian Public Policy 49, S1 (February 1, 2023): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-028.
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Si l’on trouve facilement des estimations de l’espérance de vie individuelle, ce n’est pas le cas des estimations pour le couple. L’absence de ces estimations peut être préjudiciable aux couples qui prennent ensemble des décisions importantes concernant notamment la retraite, l’épargne et d’autres considérations qui viennent avec l’âge. De plus, l’utilisation des mesures disponibles pour les individus peut conduire à des erreurs, car cela produit une surestimation du nombre d’années que le couple peut s’attendre à vivre ensemble (espérance de vie commune) et une sous-estimation du nombre d’années que la personne veuve peut s’attendre à survivre à son conjoint ou à sa conjointe (espérance de vie du conjoint survivant ou de la conjointe survivante). Dans cet article, nous utilisons les données de la Banque de données administratives longitudinales pour fournir des estimations de référence quant à l’espérance de vie commune et à l’espérance de vie du conjoint survivant ou de la conjointe survivante des couples canadiens, et montrer que ces estimations varient selon le revenu et la situation d’emploi des couples qui approchent de la retraite.
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Al-Saleh, Mohammad Fraiwan, and Fatima Khalid AL-Batainah. "Estimation of the Proportion of Sterile Couples Using the Negative Binomial Distribution." Journal of Data Science 1, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.6339/jds.2003.01(3).130.
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Kimhi, Ayal. "Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Multivariate Probit Models: Farm Couples' Labor Participation." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 76, no. 4 (November 1994): 828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1243744.
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Molina-Fernández, Manuel, and Manuel Mota-Medina. "Parametric Inference in Biological Systems in a Random Environment." Axioms 13, no. 12 (December 20, 2024): 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms13120883.
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This research focuses on biological systems with sexual reproduction in which female and male individuals coexist together, forming female–male couples with the purpose of procreation. The couples can originate new females and males according to a certain probability law. Consequently, in this type of biological systems, two biological phases are involved: a mating phase in which the couples are formed, and a reproduction phase in which the couples, independently of the others, originate new offspring of both sexes. Due to several environmental factors of a random nature, these phases usually develop over time in a non-predictable (random) environment, frequently influenced by the numbers of females and males in the population and by the number of couples participating in the reproduction phase. In order to investigate the probabilistic evolution of these biological systems, in previous papers, by using a methodology based on branching processes, we had introduced a new class of two-sex mathematical models. Some probabilistic properties and limiting results were then established. Additionally, under a non-parametric statistical framework, namely, not assuming to have known the functional form of the offspring law, estimates for the main parameters affecting the reproduction phase were determined. We now continue this research line focusing the attention on the estimation of such reproductive parameters under a parametric statistical setting. In fact, we consider offspring probability laws belonging to the family of bivariate power series distributions. This general family includes the main probability distributions used to describe the offspring dynamic in biological populations with sexual reproduction. Under this parametric context, we propose accurate estimates for the parameters involved in the reproduction phase. With the aim of assessing the quality of the proposed estimates, we also determined optimal credibility intervals. For these purposes, we apply the Bayesian estimation methodology. As an illustration of the methodology developed, we present a simulated study about the demographic dynamics of Labord’s chameleon populations, where a sensitivity analysis on the prior density is included.
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BEILINA, LARISA, and CLAES JOHNSON. "A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATION IN COMPUTATIONAL INVERSE SCATTERING." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 15, no. 01 (January 2005): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202505003885.
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We prove an a posteriori error estimate for an inverse acoustic scattering problem, where the objective is to reconstruct an unknown wave speed coefficient inside a body from measured wave reflection data in time on parts of the surface of the body. The inverse problem is formulated as a problem of finding a zero of a Jacobian of a Lagrangian. The a posterori error estimate couples residuals of the computed solution to weights the reconstruction reflecting the sensitivity of the reconstruction obtained by solving an associated linaerized problem for the Hessian of the Lagrangian. We show concrete examples of reconstrution including a posteriori error estimation.
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Houédanou, Koffi Wilfrid, and Jamal Adetola. "Error Estimation of Euler Method for the Instationary Stokes–Biot Coupled Problem." Journal of Mathematics 2021 (November 25, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5982948.
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In this paper, we study a finite element computational model for solving the interaction between a fluid and a poroelastic structure that couples the Stokes equations with the Biot system. Equilibrium and kinematic conditions are imposed on the interface. A mixed Darcy formulation is employed, resulting in continuity of flux condition of essential type. A Lagrange multiplier method is used to impose weakly this condition. With the obtained finite element solutions, the error estimators are performed for the fully discrete formulations.
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Rosen, Natalie O., Gentiana Sadikaj, and Sophie Bergeron. "Within-person variability in relationship satisfaction moderates partnersʼ pain estimation in vulvodynia couples." PAIN 156, no. 4 (April 2015): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000101.
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Hammond, John L. "Wife's Status and Family Social Standing." Sociological Perspectives 30, no. 1 (January 1987): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389184.
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In this article, I analyze the effect of husbands' and wives' statuses on class self-placement. While the effect of wife's occupation is greater for employed wives than it is for their husbands, both employed women and their husbands attribute far greater importance to the husband's occupation. For couples in which the wife is a housewife, the class self-placement of both husbands and wives is far more strongly affected by husband's status than by wife's education. Overall, wives' characteristics make little difference either to husbands' or to wives' estimation of their social standing. The somewhat higher class self-placement of members of couples in which the wife has no paid job suggests the persistence of a patriarchal one-earner norm.
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Nanjundan, G. "On the Computation of the Maximum Likelihood Estimates of the Parameters in a Mixture Model." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2007): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.11.4.
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A social group may consist of sterile and fertile couples where sterile couples cannot reproduce. When the number of children for a fertile couple is distributed according to a Poisson distribution, the probability distribution of the number of children per couple in the social group is a mixture of a distribution singular at zero and a Poisson distribution. The estimation of the parameters in the mixture distribution is considered in this paper. Since the maximum likelihood (ML) metod does not provide estimates in closed forms, it is proposed to obtain the estimates using the EM algorithm. A stepwise procedure for computing the estimates is presented. A stepwise procedure for computing the estimates is presented. A numerical study is carried out to compare these estimates with the conditional ML estimates determined using Newton-Raphson iterative procedure.
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Stykes, J. Bart. "Gender, Couples’ Fertility Intentions, and Parents’ Depressive Symptoms." Society and Mental Health 9, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 334–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156869318802340.
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Unintended childbearing is associated with poorer parental well-being, but most scholarship in this area takes an individual-level approach to unintended childbearing. Drawing on couple data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), I treat unintended childbearing as a couple-level construct to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how individuals’ intentions, partners’ intentions, and gender are linked with psychological distress in the transition to parenthood. I make two chief contributions to prior research. First, the inclusion of fathers’ perspectives provides an important addition to research, which primarily focuses on mothers’ unintended childbearing. Second, I assess gender differences in the association between couples’ intentions and health. For mothers, one’s own intentions appeared most closely tied to distress regardless of the father’s intentions, whereas fathers reported more depressive symptoms if either parent did not intend the birth. Formal post-estimation tests of differences in the magnitude of coefficients for mothers and fathers suggest few gender differences exist in the association between couples’ intentions and psychological distress. For mothers and fathers alike, belonging to a couple where neither parent intended the birth was consistently associated with the highest levels of distress. Implications for policy and research are discussed in relation to findings.
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Naseri, Hasan, Vahideh Babakhani, Mojtaba Amiri Majd, and Alireza Jafari. "Comparing the effectiveness of McMaster's functional model and Gottman's cognitive-systemic model in marital conflicts and emotional divorce of divorce applicants." Applied Family Therapy Journal 4, no. 1 (2023): 466–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.aftj.4.1.23.
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Aim: McMaster's functional model and Gottman's cognitive-systemic model in marital conflicts and emotional divorce of divorce applicants. Method: The current research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. In this research, from the number of 85 couples who referred to the psychodynamic psychological interventions clinic due to marital disputes and divorce requests during the year 2020, according to the conditions of the research and with the available sampling method, 21 couples were selected as the research sample. They were randomly placed in three groups (experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and control group). Then, the first experimental group was trained in the McMaster model (Epstein et al., 1978) during ten sessions, and the second experimental group was trained in Gottman's systemic approach (Gottman, 2019) during ten sessions. The tools used in this research were Gottman's Emotional Divorce Scale (Gottman, 2008) and Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (Sanaei, 1996), which was used in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up test (three months). Results: The findings obtained from the two-way analysis of variance test (mixed) showed that both therapeutic approaches used in the research (McMaster and Gottman) reduced emotional divorce (F=1598.03; P>0.001) and the reduction of marital conflicts (F=207.14; P>0.001) in couples, and on the other hand, in measuring the durability of the effect, which was followed up, both approaches showed positive results. In the estimation of Bonferroni’s post hoc test, it was found that there is a significant difference between the two approaches, and this means that the effectiveness of McMaster's approach in reducing emotional divorce as well as reducing conflicts between couples is higher compared to Gottman's approach. Conclusion: According to the research findings, counselors and psychologists are suggested to pay attention to McMaster's functional approach in working with couples requesting divorce.
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A K Tiwari and Shivam Mishra. "Estimation of Total Fertility Rate by using Stopping Behavior of Females." Journal of Scientific Research 67, no. 03 (2023): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2023.670308.
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The peculiarity of parity-specific fertility decisions plays an important role in determining the family size. Couples control their family size by keeping the desirable number of children in mind. When women quit having children at younger ages, overall fertility begins to decline. As a result, information on stopping behavior of females is regarded critical in the assessment of fertility. In the present study, authors have analyzed stopping behavior of females for 1991 & 2014 and proposed two predictors based on stopping behavior of females for the estimation of total fertility rate. For the analysis, the datasets of National Family Health Survey i.e. NFHS-I and NFHS-IV have been used. Both the proposed predictors provide reasonably good estimates of total fertility rate.
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Rix, H., O. Meste, and W. Muhammad. "Estimation of Scale Factors in Presence of Multiple Signals: Application to sEMG Analysis." Methods of Information in Medicine 39, no. 02 (2000): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634276.
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Abstract:When several realizations of an unknown recurrent signal are observed apart from a time expansion or compression, the classical way of estimating these time scaling factors is to take one signal as reference for the estimation. This approach does not take into account the common information between all possible couples of realizations. To achieve this task we use a Maximum-Likelihood based method, in a sub-optimal manner. Using some realistic assumptions and simplifications, we propose a tractable solution. The improvement of classical results is shown through a simulation whose conclusion is that the larger the number of realizations, the more correct the estimation. Finally, we apply the method to electrically evoked sEMG.
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Ayiad, Motaz, Helder Leite, and Hugo Martins. "State Estimation for Hybrid VSC Based HVDC/AC Transmission Networks." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 20, 2020): 4932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184932.
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As the integration of High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems on modern power networks continues to expand, challenges have appeared in different fields of the network architecture. In the Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) field, software and toolboxes are expected to be modified to meet the new network characteristics. Therefore, this paper presents a unified Weighted Least Squares (WLS) state estimation algorithm suitable for hybrid HVDC/AC transmission systems, based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC). The mathematical formulas of the unified approach are derived for modelling the AC, DC and converter coupling components. The method couples the AC and DC sides of the converter through power and voltage constraints and measurement functions. Two hybrid power system test cases have been studied to validate this work, a 4-AC/4-DC/4-AC network and Cigre B4 DC test case network. Furthermore, comparison between the fully decentralized state estimation and the unified method is provided, which indicated an accuracy improvement and error reduction.
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Yu, Xiaolin, Shaoqing Zhang, Xiaopei Lin, and Mingkui Li. "Insights on the role of accurate state estimation in coupled model parameter estimation by a conceptual climate model study." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 24, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-125-2017.
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Abstract. The uncertainties in values of coupled model parameters are an important source of model bias that causes model climate drift. The values can be calibrated by a parameter estimation procedure that projects observational information onto model parameters. The signal-to-noise ratio of error covariance between the model state and the parameter being estimated directly determines whether the parameter estimation succeeds or not. With a conceptual climate model that couples the stochastic atmosphere and slow-varying ocean, this study examines the sensitivity of state–parameter covariance on the accuracy of estimated model states in different model components of a coupled system. Due to the interaction of multiple timescales, the fast-varying atmosphere with a chaotic nature is the major source of the inaccuracy of estimated state–parameter covariance. Thus, enhancing the estimation accuracy of atmospheric states is very important for the success of coupled model parameter estimation, especially for the parameters in the air–sea interaction processes. The impact of chaotic-to-periodic ratio in state variability on parameter estimation is also discussed. This simple model study provides a guideline when real observations are used to optimize model parameters in a coupled general circulation model for improving climate analysis and predictions.
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Amusa, Lateef B., Temesgen Zewotir, and Delia North. "A Weighted Covariate Balancing Method of Estimating Causal Effects in Case-Control Studies." Modern Applied Science 13, no. 4 (March 13, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n4p40.
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Propensity score methods have dominated the estimation of treatment effects based on observational data and particularly in the health and medical sciences. We propose a weighting method based on rank-based Mahalanobis distance, namely the covariate balancing rank-based Mahalanobis distance method, to estimate causal effects for observational data. Using Monte Carlo simulations, under different data structures and type of outcome variables, the proposed method is shown to have better performance, in terms of bias reduction and treatment effect estimation. Specifically, under the generalized linear model framework, we simulated datasets based on the Lalonde-PSID study, for linear link function; while datasets were simulated based on the Lindner study, for non-linear link functions. We further apply the proposed method to data extracted from the Nigeria Demographic Health Survey (2013), to investigate the effect of educational exposure on ideal family size among married couples in Nigeria. The proposed method is a viable alternative method that can improve covariates balance, bias reduction, and efficient estimation of treatment effects.
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Matsumoto, Mitsuru, Toshiyasu Tarumi, Isao Takahashi, Shigenobu Funahashi, Toshiaki Noda, and Hideo D. Takagi. "Pressure Dependence of the Electrode Potentials of Some Iron(III/II), Cobalt(III/II), and Ni(III/II) Couples in Aqueous Solution: Estimation of the Reaction Volumes for M(III)/M(II) Couples." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 52, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 1087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1997-0913.
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Abstract Pressure dependence of the electrode potentials for various M 3+/2+ couples (M = Fe, Co, and Ni with o-phenanthroline, bipyridine, terpyridine, 1,4,7-triazacyclononane, and 1,4,7-tri-thiacyclononane) was measured by cyclic voltammetry in aqueous solution vs. a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The reaction volume of the Ag/AgCl reference electrode was estimated from the change in the partial molar volumes of Feaq3+/2+ and Co(terpyridine)23+/2+ couples, and the volumes for the formation of M2+ from M3+ were determined. The electrostrictive component for the change in the oxidation state for the M3+/2+ couple was calculated on the basis of the Drude-Nernst equation and by the mean spherical approximation (MSA). The isolated volumes for the formation of M2+ from M3+ were compared with the values predicted by theory.
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Morneau, François, Pierre Wery, and Donald Rodrigue. "Densité de population de la chouette rayée (Strix varia) au mont Saint-Bruno." Le Naturaliste canadien 146, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1091887ar.
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L’ écologie de la chouette rayée (Strix varia) est peu documentée bien que l’espèce soit largement répandue en Amérique du Nord. L’ abondance des couples territoriaux de cette espèce a été estimée au mont Saint-Bruno (Québec) pendant 6 années (2016-2021), principalement par la recherche de nids. Elle a fluctué quelque peu durant l’étude, pour atteindre un maximum de 24 en 2020 et en 2021. Cela correspond à une densité de population qui varie de 2,2 couples territoriaux/ km2 pour l’aire d’étude à 3,0/km2 dans sa partie centrale. Ces valeurs sont les plus élevées rapportées pour l’espèce. La distance moyenne séparant les nids voisins se chiffrait pour ces 2 années à 622 m et à 640 m respectivement (minimum : 332 m). Ces fortes densités peuvent s’expliquer par plusieurs facteurs, notamment l’âge avancé des peuplements forestiers et l’éclaircissement du sous-bois résultant du broutage par le cerf de Virginie. La présence d’individus non territoriaux suggère une légère sous-estimation de l’abondance et donc de la densité, de même que leur stabilité.
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Cerutti, C., M. Ducher, P. Lantelme, M. P. Gustin, and C. Paultre. "Assessment of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in rats a new method using the concept of statistical dependence." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): R382—R388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.2.r382.
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A new method was developed to evaluate the cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) from spontaneous mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) changes in conscious rats. It relies on the determination of the statistical dependence between MAP and HR values. In 13 control rats, 12 rats with a pharmacologically induced hypertension, and 7 rats with a chronic sinoaortic denervation (SAD), dependent (MAP, HR) couples related to the baroreflex activity were selected to determine the spontaneous BRS (Sp-BRS). In control and hypertensive rats, pharmacological BRS (Ph-BRS) was estimated using graded bolus intravenous doses of vasoactive drugs. Ph-BRS was significantly lower in hypertensive than in control rats. Sp-BRS was determined in 10 control and 10 hypertensive rats and was strongly correlated with Ph-BRS (r = 0.83, n = 20, P < 0.0001). Sp-BRS could be evaluated in six SAD rats and was profoundly decreased (-86%, P < 0.001) compared with control rats. In conclusion, this work validates the estimation of the cardiac BRS from spontaneous MAP and HR variations with use of (MAP, HR) couples of values that are statistically dependent.
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COMHAIRE, F. H. "Simple model and empirical method for the estimation of spontaneous pregnancies in couples consulting for infertility." International Journal of Andrology 10, no. 5 (October 1987): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.1987.tb00368.x.
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VERSYCK, KARINA J., and JAN F. VAN IMPE. "OPTIMAL DESIGN OF A CLOSED LOOP CONTROLLER FOR ESTIMATION OF PARAMETER COUPLES OF MICROBIAL GROWTH KINETICS." Chemical Engineering Communications 180, no. 1 (July 2000): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440008912201.
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Flicker, Jack, Jay Johnson, Peter Hacke, and Ramanathan Thiagarajan. "Automating Component-Level Stress Measurements for Inverter Reliability Estimation." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 4828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134828.
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In the near future, grid operators are expected to regularly use advanced distributed energy resource (DER) functions, defined in IEEE 1547-2018, to perform a range of grid-support operations. Many of these functions adjust the active and reactive power of the device through commanded or autonomous operating modes which induce new stresses on the power electronics components. In this work, an experimental and theoretical framework is introduced which couples laboratory-measured component stress with advanced inverter functionality and derives a reduction in useful lifetime based on an applicable reliability model. Multiple DER devices were instrumented to calculate the additional component stress under multiple reactive power setpoints to estimate associated DER lifetime reductions. A clear increase in switch loss was demonstrated as a function of irradiance level and power factor. This is replicated in the system-level efficiency measurements, although magnitudes were different—suggesting other loss mechanisms exist. Using an approximate Arrhenius thermal model for the switches, the experimental data indicate a lifetime reduction of 1.5% when operating the inverter at 0.85 PF—compared to unity PF—assuming the DER failure mechanism thermally driven within the H-bridge. If other failure mechanisms are discovered for a set of power electronics devices, this testing and calculation framework can easily be tailored to those failure mechanisms.
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Williams, Brian J., W. Patrick Brug, Emily M. Casleton, Ellen M. Syracuse, Philip S. Blom, Collin S. Meierbachtol, Richard J. Stead, et al. "Multiphenomenology explosion monitoring (MultiPEM): a general framework for data interpretation and yield estimation." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab087.
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SUMMARY An underground nuclear explosion (UNE) couples mechanical energy into crustal rock, which propagates as seismic and acoustic waves. These different physical phenomena transport, by different pathways, to standoff detectors at varying distances. The transport pathways attenuate the original signal but in different ways. Enabled by correct statistical weighting, signal attenuation models can be used to combine these disparate sensor data to estimate the yield of an UNE. Contemporaneous statistical models, used in yield estimation, can be improved with an advanced partition of error for these physical signal propagation models. We present an advanced multivariate approach to error modelling of multiphenomenology physical signatures. In addition to measurement error, our error model represents physical model biases as random with a physics-based covariance structure. To illustrate this proposed framework, we demonstrate the estimation of explosion yield using openly available seismic and acoustic data from chemical single-point explosions.
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Park, Hayoung, Hey Jung Jun, and Susanna Joo. "Cross-Level Mediating Effects of Social Relationships between Religiosity and Successful Aging." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3337.
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Abstract This study aimed to analyze the cross-level mediating effects of social relationships on the association between religiosity and successful aging. The data was the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing and the sample was 1,191 couples aged 65 and above. Independent variables were the level of participation in religious activities at the individual level and religious similarity between couples at the couple level. The dependent variable was successful aging at the individual level, which consisted of physical, cognitive, social, and psychological dimensions. Mediating variables were two social relationships: frequency of social interaction at the individual level and marital satisfaction at the couple level. We applied Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation to include 8% of the sample with missing values in data. According to the multi-level mediation path analysis, both frequency of social interaction and marital satisfaction had mediating effects on the association between the level of participation in religious activities and successful aging; the more they participate in religious activities, the higher the frequency of social interaction and marital satisfaction, and this had positive effects on successful aging. Also, marital satisfaction had a mediating effect on the association between religious similarity and successful aging; when married couples have the same religion, marital satisfaction was higher than when they do not, and this had a positive effect on successful aging. This study is meaningful in presenting multi-dimensional discussions on religiosity and social relationships in later life and a new empirical model to promote successful aging at both individual and couple levels.
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Milewska, Anna Justyna, Dorota Citko, Dorota Jankowska, Rafał Milewski, Katarzyna Konończuk, Teresa Więsak, Allen Morgan, and Robert Milewski. "The Use of Log-linear Analysis for Pregnancy Prediction." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 56, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2018-0037.
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Abstract Log-linear analysis is a practical tool for examining relationships, successfully applied in many fields of science. This paper discusses the topic of estimation of the chance of getting pregnant in couples that underwent ART insemination. The authors focus on finding significant interactions between variables, on the basis of which statistical models are built. With the use of results of log-linear analysis, a model predicting the chances of achieving a clinical pregnancy that contained interactions was successfully built. Moreover, it was more complete than the model obtained with the use of logistic regression alone.
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Cherchye, Laurens, Bram De Rock, and Frederic Vermeulen. "Married with Children: A Collective Labor Supply Model with Detailed Time Use and Intrahousehold Expenditure Information." American Economic Review 102, no. 7 (December 1, 2012): 3377–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.7.3377.
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We propose a collective labor supply model with household production that generalizes a model of Blundell, Chiappori, and Meghir (2005). Adults' preferences depend not only on own leisure and individual private consumption of market goods. They also depend on the consumption of domestic goods, which are produced by combining market goods with individuals' time. A new identification result, which uses production shifters, is developed. We apply our model to unique data on Dutch couples with children. Our application uses a novel estimation strategy that builds upon the familiar two-stage allocation representation of the collective model. (JEL D12, J12, J22)
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Wojciechowski, Marek. "Plastic flow rule for sands with friction, dilation, density and stress state coupling." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Land Reclamation 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2015-0023.
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Abstract In this paper we propose a flow rule and failure criterion for sands in plane strain conditions based on Drucker-Prager formulation and enhanced with empirical Houlsby formula, which couples friction, dilation, density and stress state in the material. The resulting elasto-plastic, non-associated, shear hardening material model is implemented as a numerical procedure in the frame of finite element method and a simple compression example is presented. Because of the empirical nature of Houlsby formula, it is believed that results of numerical simulations will be more realistic both in deformation and shear strength estimation of sands.
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Nurunnabi, Abdul, Felicia Teferle, Ana Novo, Jesús Balado, and Emmett Ientilucci. "Derivation of Tree Stem Curve and Volume Using Point Clouds." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W11-2024 (June 27, 2024): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w11-2024-81-2024.
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Abstract. Developing a precise tree stem curve and robust estimation of stem volume are crucial for forest inventories with various applications. Laser scanned point clouds have been recognized as the most practical data for tree information modeling. Many methods for stem curve development involve estimating stem diameters at different heights and determining stem volume by utilizing fitted cylinders based on these diameters and the associated heights. The estimation of diameter depends on circle fitting. However, many circle fitting methods are non-robust and inaccurate in the presence of noise, outliers, and significant data gaps, resulting in faulty diameters and imprecise stem volume. Limited scanning, occlusions from the physical complexity, high tree density, and adjacent branches may cause data incompleteness, and generate outliers. To address these challenges, we employ robust statistical approaches to restrain the influence of outliers and data gaps. This paper contributes by (i) exploring the problems of robust diameter estimation for partial data, and in the presence of noise and outliers, (ii) understanding the impacts of using erroneous diameters in cylinder fitting, and later for stem curve and volume estimation, and (iii) developing a robust method that couples robust circle and cylinder fittings to derive precise stem curve and estimation of stem volume in the presence of outliers and partial data. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm through terrestrial laser scanning point clouds.
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Zhang, Wei, Ning Li, Zhiming Guo, Lei Kang, Xingyu Zhu, and Jun Qiu. "Fault Rate Estimation of Electric Energy Meter Based on WDPOD-NHBM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2400, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2400/1/012012.
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Abstract To solve the problems of the small amount of sample information in the original failure rate data of smart energy meters and the difficulty of mining under typical environmental stress, a smart energy meter failure rate prediction and reliability evaluation model based on double precision combined with nonlinear hierarchical Bayes is proposed. First, the KNN algorithm is used to test the outliers in the original data, and a double-precision outlier detection algorithm is further established to assign the weight to outliers. Then, a nonlinear hierarchical Bayesian model is built based on Weibull distribution, and couples the failure rate data of smart energy meters with various typical environmental stresses. Through multi-dimensional analysis of the data distribution rule, the most prior distribution is selected. Finally, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method is used to sample and solve the posterior condition distribution of the model parameters. The posterior parameters and confidence interval estimation are obtained, and the reliability of the smart energy meters is calculated as 95%. The experimental results show that the method can accurately predict the trend of the failure rate of smart energy meters over time in a typical environment.
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Dutournié, Patrick, T. Jean Daou, and Sébastien Déon. "A Novel Numerical Procedure to Estimate the Electric Charge in the Pore from Filtration of Single-Salt Solutions." Membranes 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100726.
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The assessment of physicochemical parameters governing the transport of ions through nanoporous membranes is a major challenge due to the difficulty in experimental estimation of the dielectric constant of the solution confined in nanopores and the volumetric membrane charge. Numerical identification by adjusting their values to fit experimental data is a potential solution, but this method is complicated for single-salt solutions due to the infinite number of couples that can describe a rejection curve. In this study, a novel procedure based on physical simplifications which allows the estimation of a range of values for these two parameters is proposed. It is shown here that the evolution of the interval of membrane charge with salt concentration can be described in all the experimental conditions by the Langmuir–Freundlich hybrid adsorption isotherm. Finally, it is highlighted that considering the mean dielectric constant and the adsorption isotherms assessed from a range of concentrations allowed a good prediction of rejection curves, irrespective of the salt and membrane considered.
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Sun, S., C. Chen, Z. Wang, J. Zhou, L. Li, B. Yang, Y. Cong, and H. Wang. "REAL-TIME UAV 3D IMAGE POINT CLOUDS MAPPING." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-1/W1-2023 (December 5, 2023): 1097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-1-w1-2023-1097-2023.
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Abstract. This paper proposes a real-time 3D image point clouds mapping algorithm for UAVs that is capable of mapping effectively in weak GNSS environments. And a UAV mapping system is integrated with a RGB camera, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a GNSS receiver, data transmission devices, and a DJI M300 flight platform. To achieve real-time and robust mapping, the system utilizes a visual-inertial odometry (VIO) that tightly couples GNSS, RGB image, and IMU, which provides stable state estimation information for mapping. Subsequently, a dense matching algorithm based on key frames is adopted to recover 3D mapping information with low-computational cost. Extensive experiments are conducted on our test site, demonstrating the system's ability to build maps stably, even under the effect of wind. The results compared with the trajectory reconstructed by Pix4D show that the system achieves competitive accuracy of pose estimation and is capable of real-time mapping.
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Huang, Yi-Yan, Rong Wang, Wei-Peng Huang, Tian Wu, Shi-Yun Wang, Sharon R. Redding, and Yan-Qiong Ouyang. "Effects of a Smartphone-Based Breastfeeding Coparenting Intervention Program on Breastfeeding-Related Outcomes in Couples During First Pregnancy: Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Medical Internet Research 26 (December 17, 2024): e51566. https://doi.org/10.2196/51566.
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Background A low breastfeeding rate causes an increased health care burden and negative health outcomes for individuals and society. Coparenting is an essential tactic for encouraging breastfeeding when raising a child. The efficacy of the coparenting interventions in enhancing breastfeeding-related outcomes is controversial. Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of coparenting interventions on exclusive breastfeeding rates, exclusive breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding knowledge, parenting sense of competence, coparenting relationships, depressive symptoms in new couples at 1 and 6 months post partum, and the BMI of infants 42 days post partum. Methods This was a randomized, single-blinded controlled clinical trial. Eligible couples in late pregnancy in a hospital in central China were randomly assigned to 2 groups. While couples in the control group received general care, couples in the intervention group had access to parenting classes, a fathers’ support group, and individual counseling. Data were collected at baseline (T0), 1 month post partum (T1), and 6 months post partum (T2). Data on exclusive breastfeeding rate and exclusive breastfeeding duration were analyzed using the chi-square, Fisher exact, or Mann-Whitney U tests; coparenting relationships and the infant’s BMI were analyzed using an independent samples t test; and breastfeeding knowledge, parenting sense of competence, and depressive symptoms were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation. Results A total of 96 couples were recruited, and 79 couples completed the study. The intervention group exhibited significantly higher exclusive breastfeeding rates at T1 (90% vs 65%, P=.02) and T2 (43.6% vs 22.5%, P=.02), compared with the control group. Exclusive breastfeeding duration was extended in the intervention group than in the control group at T1 (30, range 30-30 days vs 30, range 26.5-30 days; P=.01) and T2 (108, range 60-180 days vs 89, range 28-149.3 days; P<.05). The intervention group exhibited greater improvements in maternal breastfeeding knowledge (β=.07, 95% CI 0.006-0.13; P=.03) and maternal parenting sense of competence (β=5.49, 95% CI 2.09-8.87; P<.01) at T1, enhanced coparenting relationships at T1 (P<.001) and T2 (P=.02), paternal breastfeeding knowledge at T2 (β=.25, 95% CI 0.15-0.35, P<.001), paternal parenting sense of competence at T1 (β=5.35, 95% CI 2.23-8.47, P<.01), and reduced paternal depressive symptoms at T2 (β=.25, 95% CI 0.15-0.35, P<.001), and there was a rise in infants’ BMI at 42 days post partum (β=.33, 95% CI 0.01-0.64, P=.04). Conclusions An evidence-based breastfeeding coparenting intervention is effective in improving exclusive breastfeeding rate, prolonging exclusive breastfeeding duration within the initial 6 months post partum, enhancing parental breastfeeding knowledge, levels of parenting sense of competence and coparenting relationship, infant’s BMI, and reducing paternal depressive symptoms. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2300069648; https://tinyurl.com/2p8st2p8
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HIRSCH, DONALD, PIERRE CONCIALDI, ANTOINE MATH, MATT PADLEY, ELVIRA PEREIRA, JOSE PEREIRINHA, and ROBERT THORNTON. "The Minimum Income Standard and equivalisation: reassessing relative costs of singles and couples and of adults and children." Journal of Social Policy 50, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 148–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419001004.
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AbstractEquivalence scales, used to compare incomes across household types, strongly influence which households have low reported income, affecting public policy priorities. Yet they draw on abstract, often dated evidence and arbitrary judgements, and on comparisons across the income distribution rather than focusing on minimum requirements. Budget standards provide more tangible comparisons of the minimum required by different household types. The Minimum Income Standard (MIS) method, now established in several countries, applies a common methodological framework for compiling budgets, based on public deliberations. This article draws for the first time on results across countries. In all of the four countries examined, it identifies an under-estimation by the OECD scale of the relative cost of children compared to adults, and, in three of the four, an under-estimation of the cost of singles compared to couples. This more systematically corroborates previous, dispersed evidence, and helps explain which specific expenditure categories influence these results. These results have high policy relevance, showing greater proportions of low income households to contain children than standard income distribution data. While no single equivalence scale can be universally accurate, making use of evidence based directly on benchmarks such as MIS can help inform public priorities in tackling low income.
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Wardeh, Muhammad A., and Houssam A. Toutanji. "Parameter estimation of an anisotropic damage model for concrete using genetic algorithms." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 26, no. 6 (December 24, 2015): 801–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789515622803.
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This article presents an anisotropic damage model for concrete that couples between elasticity and continuum damage mechanics. The formulation of constitutive model is based on the elastic strain energy in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. The thermodynamic free energy is represented as a scalar function of elastic strain and damage tensors and used to derive the constitutive law and thermodynamic conjugate force of damage that is used to derive the dissipation potential. The damage evolution law is governed by the normality rule. The formulation of elastic strain energy of damaged material is capable of modeling the concrete anisotropic behavior under different loadings without decoupling the stress or damage release rate. A series of unknown parameters in the model formulation was used to control the constitutive behavior and damage surface. A Genetic algorithm FORTRAN subroutine is used to estimate these parameters based on the coupling between the constitutive and damage evolution equations. The performance of the damage model is verified with the experimental data from the literature. The model has shown a good agreement with the experimental results. It describes the anisotropy induced by the crack development within the concrete.
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Zhou, Yanlai, Shenglian Guo, Chong-Yu Xu, Hua Chen, Jiali Guo, and Kairong Lin. "Probabilistic prediction in ungauged basins (PUB) based on regional parameter estimation and Bayesian model averaging." Hydrology Research 47, no. 6 (January 5, 2016): 1087–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2016.058.
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Predictions in ungauged basins (PUB) are widely considered to be one of the fundamentally challenging research topics in the hydrological sciences. This paper couples a regional parameter transfer module with a probabilistic prediction module in order to obtain probabilistic PUB. Steps in the proposed probabilistic PUB include: (1) variable infiltration capacity-three layers (VIC-3L) model description; (2) three regional parameter transfer schemes for ungauged basins, i.e., regression analysis, spatial proximity, and physical similarity; (3) probabilistic PUB using Bayesian model averaging (BMA); and (4) performance evaluation for probabilistic PUB. The study is performed on 12 sub-basins in the Hanjiang River basin, China. The results demonstrate that the mean prediction of BMA is much closer to the observed data compared with its associated individual parameter transfer scheme (physical similarity approach), and the probabilistic predictions of BMA can effectively reduce the uncertainty in runoff PUB better than any associated individual parameter transfer schemes for two ungauged sub-basins.
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Gennarelli, Gianluca, Andrea Carosso, Stefano Canosa, Claudia Filippini, Sara Cesarano, Carlotta Scarafia, Nicole Brunod, Alberto Revelli, and Chiara Benedetto. "ICSI Versus Conventional IVF in Women Aged 40 Years or More and Unexplained Infertility: A Retrospective Evaluation of 685 Cycles with Propensity Score Model." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101694.
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This study compared the cumulative live birth rates following Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) versus conventional in vitro fertilization (cIVF) in women aged 40 years or more and unexplained infertility. A cohort of 685 women undergoing either autologous conventional IVF or ICSI was retrospectively analyzed. The effects of conventional IVF or ICSI procedure on cumulative pregnancy and live birth rates were evaluated in univariate and in multivariable analysis. In order to reduce potential differences between women undergoing either IVF or ICSI and to obtain unbiased estimation of the treatment effect, propensity score was estimated. ICSI was performed in 307 couples (ICSI group), whereas cIVF was performed in 297 couples (cIVF group), resulting in 45 and 43 live deliveries, respectively. No differences were observed in morphological embryo quality, in the number of cleavage stage embryos, in the number of transferred embryos, and in the number of vitrified embryos. As for the clinical outcome, no differences were observed in pregnancy rate, cumulative pregnancy rate, live birth rate, cumulative live birth rate, and abortion rate. The present results suggest that ICSI is not associated with increased likelihood of a live birth for unexplained, non-male factor infertility, in women aged 40 years or more.
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Salsabila, Rizqia, Atus Amadi Putra, Nonong Amalita, and Fadhilah Fitri. "Analysis of Factors Influencing the Population Growth Rate in West Sumatra Using Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression." UNP Journal of Statistics and Data Science 1, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ujsds/vol1-iss3/59.
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The model of Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression (GWLR) was the development of a model of logistic regression that was implemented to data in spatial. GWLR model parameter estimation was carried out at each location for observation using spatial weighting. The research purposes was to reveal the GWLR model on the dichotomous data of the Population Growth Rate (PGR) indicator in each Districts/Cities in West Sumatra in 2020 and learn more factors that influence the probability that the population growth rate will increase in 19 Districts/Cities in West Sumatra in 2020. The parameters estimation of the GWLR model uses the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. Spatial weighting for parameter estimation is determined using the Fixed Gaussian Kernel weighting function and determining the optimal bandwidth using Akaike's Information Citerion (AIC) criteria. The variable of response that is categorical in this study is the rate of population growth in each districts/cities in West Sumatra in 2020 and the predictor variables are the couples number of childbearing age, the live births number, the in-migration number, and the out-migration number. The reseacrh result obtained from research were that the GWLR model is better than the logistic regression model and 4 groups of Districts/Cities are formed based on factors that affect the increase in population growth rate.
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Tchakounté Tchuimi, Dimitri, and Benjamin Fomba Kamga. "The effect of women’s bargaining power within couples on contraceptive use in Cameroon." Gates Open Research 4 (February 10, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13100.1.
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Background: The prevalence of contraception among married women, evaluated at 23%, is low in Cameroon. Maternal death rates, estimated at 782 deaths per 100,000 live births, are very worrying. The National Strategic Plan for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (2015-2020) focuses on increasing contraceptive prevalence as a means to reduce maternal death. This paper identifies women’s bargaining power as a factor that may stimulate contraceptive use. The objective of this study is to measure the effect of women's bargaining power within couples on contraceptive use. Methods: The data used come from the Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicators (DHS-MICS) conducted in 2011. Women’s bargaining power within couples is measured by a Woman Bargaining Power Composite Index (WBPCI) built through a multiple correspondence analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, cross tabulation, chi-square test) and the probit model were used to analyze the relationship between WBPCI and contraceptive use. Additionally, since the target population for this study is couples in which women were not pregnant, a Heckman probit model was also estimated to address the potential selection bias. Results: The results of the descriptive statistics show that women's bargaining power is higher among women who use contraception than for those who do not. The results of the probit model show that women's bargaining power significantly increases the probability of contraceptive use by 3.4%. In addition, the probability of using contraception also increases with the education of women. The estimation of the Heckman probit model illustrates that the effect of women's bargaining power on the probability of contraceptive use remains virtually unchanged. Conclusions: To reduce high maternal death rates in Cameroon, public health policies should not only focus on the health system itself but should also focus on social policies to empower women in the household.
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Shen, Keji, Qiang Zhang, and Xin-He Meng. "Influence from cosmological uncertainties on galaxy number count at faint limit." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 28 (August 17, 2015): 1550139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501394.
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Counting galaxy number density with wide range sky surveys has been well adopted in researches focusing on revealing evolution pattern of different types of galaxies. As understood intuitively the astrophysics environment physics is intimately affected by cosmology priors with theoretical estimation or vice versa, or simply stating that the astrophysics effect couples the corresponding cosmology observations or the way backwards. In this paper, we try to quantify the influence on galaxy number density prediction at faint luminosity limit from the uncertainties in cosmology, and how much the uncertainties blur the detection of galaxy evolution, with the hope that this trying may indeed help for precise and physical cosmology study in near future or vice versa.
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Mitnik, Pablo A. "Intergenerational Income Elasticities, Instrumental Variable Estimation, and Bracketing Strategies." Sociological Methodology 50, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081175019887992.
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The fact that the intergenerational income elasticity (IGE)—the workhorse measure of economic mobility—is defined in terms of the geometric mean of children’s income generates serious methodological problems. This has led to a call to replace it with the IGE of the expectation, which requires developing the methodological knowledge necessary to estimate the latter with short-run measures of income. This article contributes to this aim. The author advances a “bracketing strategy” for the set estimation of the IGE of the expectation that is equivalent to that used to set estimate (rather than point estimate) the conventional IGE with estimates obtained with the ordinary least squares and instrumental variable (IV) estimators. The proposed bracketing strategy couples estimates generated with the Poisson pseudo–maximum likelihood estimator and a generalized method of moments IV estimator of the Poisson or exponential regression model. The author develops a generalized error-in-variables model for the IV estimation of the IGE of the expectation and compares it with the corresponding model underlying the IV estimation of the conventional IGE. By considering both bracketing strategies from the perspective of the partial-identification approach to inference, the author specifies how to construct confidence intervals for the IGEs, in particular when the upper bound is estimated more than once with different sets of instruments. Finally, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the author shows that the bracketing strategies work as expected and assesses the information they generate and how this information varies across instruments and short-run measures of parental income. Three computer programs made available as companions to the article make the set estimation of IGEs, and statistical inference, very simple endeavors.
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Pettinari, Matteo, and Lorenzo Ferrari. "Time-of-flight estimation in acoustic pyrometry: sensitivity to pulse characteristics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2511, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2511/1/012009.
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Abstract Acoustic pyrometry is a non-intrusive measurement technique that may have several applications in turbomachinery. This methodology estimates the gas temperature by measuring the time of flight of an acoustic wave moving through a medium. It can be accomplished by placing a sound source (emitter) and a set of microphones (receivers) on opposite sides of a section. The emitter generates a sound pulse, and the receivers detect it. Since the emitter-receiver distances are known and fixed, the average temperatures of the paths traversed by the acoustic pulse can be computed by estimating the time-of-flight through deconvolution techniques. However, despite the straightforward principle, an acoustic wave suffers a variation of amplitude when propagating within a medium because of energy losses and ambient noise. Hence, time-of-flight estimation becomes a critical task, especially when considering high-frequency waves or short distances between sensors. It is then fundamental to select proper acoustic waves to maximise the cross-correlation between the signals of the emitter-receiver couples, thus improving the accuracy of the time-of-flight measurements and, consequently, the estimation of the spatial temperature distribution within a specific area. This study is a preliminary investigation, based on a modelling approach, to estimate the impact of different acoustic waves on the accuracy of the time-of-flight measurement. The results of this analysis will be useful to design and setup an acoustic pyrometry application.
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Ranjit S. Ambad, Lata Kanyal Butola, Archan Dhok, and Nandkishor Bankar. "Role Of Prolactin And B-Hcg In Female Infertility." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4118.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) describes infertility as a disability for couples in childbirth to attain pregnancy within 12 months of daily sexual intercourse. The reproductive years of women starts when she starts her menstrual cycle during puberty and capacity to have a child typically ends about age (45) years. However, it may be possible for a woman to become pregnant before her cycles end with menopause. Infertility affects 13–20 per cent of couples worldwide, regardless of race or ethnicity. The present study aim was To study the levels of prolactin and beta hCG in female infertility. And To correlate the levels of prolactin and beta hCG in infertile womens and healthy controls. The present study was conducted in the departments of biochemistry and dept. of obstetrics and gynaecology. The study was conducted on two groups of 40 infertile Females and 40 healthy controls. Serum sample used for estimation of prolactin and hCG, assessed by dry chemistry analyzer. Serum prolactin levels in infertile females is 33.96±11.46 and hCG levels was 86.38±12.45, which was higher in infertile female as compared to healthy control with a p-value of<0.05. The present study concludes that Hyperprolactinemia is a major contributing hormonal factor in infertility among infertile women and, as such, prolactin and hCG should be measured in infertile women.
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KULATHINAL, SANGITA, DARIO GASBARRA, SANJAY KINRA, SHAH EBRAHIM, and MIKKO J. SILLANPÄÄ. "Estimation of additive genetic and environmental sources of quantitative trait variation using data on married couples and their siblings." Genetics Research 90, no. 3 (June 2008): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672308009348.
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SummaryTwin studies have been used to understand the sources of genetic and environmental variation in body height, body weight and other common human quantitative traits. However, it is rather unclear whether these two sources of variation could be really separated in practice. Here, we consider a special study design where phenotype data from married couples and their siblings have been collected. The marital status gives information about the shared environment, while siblings give information about both genetic and environmental variation. To dissect sources of variation and to allow some deviations and pedigree errors in the data, we model such data using a robust polygenic model with finite genome length assumption. As a summary, we provide the estimates for age-dependent proportions of total variation which are due to polygenic and environmental effects. Here, these estimates are provided for body height, weight, systolic blood pressure and total serum cholesterol measured from subjects of the Indian Migration Study.
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XIA, Yuanxin, Nikolas BORREL-JENSEN, Allan P. ENGSIG-KARUP, and CHEOL-HO JEONG. "Neural Impedance Boundary (NeIB): a neural-network based framework for acoustic surface impedance estimation utilizing sparse measurement data." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 4 (October 4, 2024): 7392–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_3955.
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Amidst recent advancements in the 3D digital representation that have significantly enhanced the modeling of geometric attributes of pre-existing environments, accurate estimation of acoustic boundary conditions remains a complex challenge. This paper presents a novel way to determine what we refer to as a neural boundary field, using physics-informed neural networks (PINN). The aim is to estimate the surface impedance measured in-situ by utilizing several points of sound field pressure. This approach couples the Helmholtz equation with automatic differentiation in the PINN framework to estimate accurately the surface impedance using a hybrid modeling approach where measurement data and domain knowledge in the form of equations for the acoustic waves are combined. As a proof-of-concept, we train the neural networks using 2D sound field data obtained from high-fidelity numerical acoustical simulations that incorporate actual surface materials parameters. We discuss the measurement techniques associated with this method and outline our vision for its application to 3D scene reconstructions in the future.
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Magdaleno, Alvaro, Cesar Pelaez, Alvaro Iglesias-Pordomingo, and Antolin Lorenzana. "On the Estimation of the Moving Mass of a TMD Installed on a Lively Structure." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 4712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104712.
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Tuned Mass Dampers are devices which can be assimilated to single-degree-of-freedom systems with a certain amount of moving mass, a natural frequency and a damping ratio intended to be installed on lively structures to reduce the contribution of a certain mode to their response. Once placed on the structure, the movement of the mass damper couples to the structural response and determines its properties as an isolated system becomes challenging. The authors have previously presented a methodology to estimate the natural frequency and damping ratio of an SDOF system installed on a structure and not necessarily tuned to a certain mode. It was based on a transmissibility function and, thus, the moving mass could not be estimated. With this work, the authors go one step further and present a novel procedure to estimate the moving mass value by means of the same transmissibility function and two well selected frequency response functions. The methodology is applied to estimate the properties of a real single-degree-of-freedom system placed on a lively timber platform. The results are compared with the mass modification technique to show that the proposed methodology provides better estimations in a more efficient way.
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Jiang, Yangming, Xiaodong Shao, Liping Li, Tuo Wang, Huihui Zhao, Qiuqiang Hou, Xin Du, and Fulati Gulimire. "Remote Sensing Monitoring Model of Tobacco Growth and Yield Based on Ecological Process and Carbon Cycle." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2257.
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Tobacco growth monitoring and yield estimation are very important for tobacco planting control and allocation. However, traditional tobacco yield estimation models have not considered the light energy utilization, carbon cycle, and ecological processes, resulting in the mechanisms poorly explained and the reduced monitoring accuracy. To address these limitations, a tobacco yield remote sensing monitoring model based on ecological process and carbon cycle was proposed. The model couples the Carbon Exchange between Vegetation, Soil, and Atmosphere (CEVSA) ecosystem process model and the global production efficiency model (GLO-PEM), to simulate effective solar radiation and tobacco light energy utilization, stress effects of surface air temperature, water vapour pressure deficit and photosynthetic effective radiation. Then the tobacco gross primary production (GPP), net primary productivity (NPP), tobacco biomass were estimated. Finally, the tobacco yield estimation model based on the correlation between tobacco yield and NPP was proposed. The results showed that there was a significant correlation (correlation= 0.94) between NPP and tobacco leaves weight at 99% confidence level, and the yield estimated by the remote sensing monitoring model was in good agreement with the measured results, with errors of Class I, II, III were 9.644%, 4.316%, and 8.495% respectively. In conclusion, the proposed model can be used to estimate tobacco yield, support decision-making of tobacco planting plan, and strengthen purchasing management.
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Kountchev, Roumen, Rumen Mironov, and Roumiana Kountcheva. "Complexity Estimation of Cubical Tensor Represented through 3D Frequency-Ordered Hierarchical KLT." Symmetry 12, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12101605.
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In this work is introduced one new hierarchical decomposition for cubical tensor of size 2n, based on the well-known orthogonal transforms Principal Component Analysis and Karhunen–Loeve Transform. The decomposition is called 3D Frequency-Ordered Hierarchical KLT (3D-FOHKLT). It is separable, and its calculation is based on the one-dimensional Frequency-Ordered Hierarchical KLT (1D-FOHKLT) applied on a sequence of matrices. The transform matrix is the product of n sparse matrices, symmetrical at the point of their main diagonal. In particular, for the case in which the angles which define the transform coefficients for the couples of matrices in each hierarchical level of 1D-FOHKLT are equal to π/4, the transform coincides with this of the frequency-ordered 1D Walsh–Hadamard. Compared to the hierarchical decompositions of Tucker (H-Tucker) and the Tensor-Train (TT), the offered approach does not ensure full decorrelation between its components, but is close to the maximum. On the other hand, the evaluation of the computational complexity (CC) of the new decomposition proves that it is lower than that of the above-mentioned similar approaches. In correspondence with the comparison results for H-Tucker and TT, the CC decreases fast together with the increase of the hierarchical levels’ number, n. An additional advantage of 3D-FOHKLT is that it is based on the use of operations of low complexity, while the similar famous decompositions need large numbers of iterations to achieve the coveted accuracy.
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Zheng, Kangning, Enjian Yao, and Yongsheng Zhang. "A joint model of household time use and task assignment for elderly couples with multiple constraints." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 11, 2021): e0247187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247187.
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Household time-use patterns are expected to reflect each household member’s daily activity participation and duration with intra-household interactions constrained by multiple budgets. Among various activities, the allocated activity derived from undertaking a household task is studied relatively less in the literature. Who will take an allocated activity is a discrete choice problem of household task assignment, and once a household member is assigned with one household task, other members will have more time to do other activities. To better understand household time-use patterns affected by household task assignment, this paper proposed a joint household-level multiple discrete-continuous extreme value-multinomial logit (MDCEV-MNL) model with multiple constraints. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) method combined with the simulation-based maximum likelihood estimation method is proposed to estimate the proposed model. Based on the household activity-travel data from Beijing of China, the proposed model is customized to explore elderly couples’ time-use patterns with intra-household interactions affected by household task assignment. Following the findings, policy implications are suggested to build an age-friendly society.
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Naranjo, Steven E., and Alan J. Sawyer. "A TEMPERATURE- AND AGE-DEPENDENT SIMULATION MODEL OF REPRODUCTION FOR THE NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA BARBERI SMITH AND LAWRENCE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 120, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1201-1.
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AbstractBased on data collected at seven constant temperatures, a temperature- and age-dependent model for reproductive development and oviposition by Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence was developed. The model couples temperature-dependent rate and temperature-independent distribution models to represent the observed variability in developmental times for pre-reproductive, reproductive, and post-reproductive females. Using a cohort approach to maintain a physiological age structure, development was coupled with a temperature- and age-dependent model of oviposition. The model was validated at one constant-temperature and three variable-temperature regimes in the laboratory. The time spent in the pre-reproductive stage was slightly underestimated by the model, but the development of mature females and both the timing and magnitude of oviposition under fluctuating-temperature regimes were accurately predicted. The model was relatively insensitive to errors in estimation of the rate of development in the pre-reproductive stage but sensitive to errors in estimation of developmental rate of the reproductive stage and fecundity. Errors in input temperatures were found to be very important, stressing the need for accurately measuring temperature, The major driving variable. The model should be a valuable aid toward understanding oviposition by D. barberi in the field.
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Adityawan, Mohammad Bagus, Hitoshi Tanaka, and Pengzhi Lin. "BED STRESS INVESTIGATION UNDER BREAKING SOLITARY WAVE RUNUP." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.23.
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The bed stress under breaking solitary wave runup was investigated in this study using the Simultaneous Coupling Method (SCM). The SCM couples the shallow water equation (SWE) with k-w model. The depth averaged velocity from SWE is applied as the upper boundary condition in k-w model for bed stress assessment from the boundary layer. It was found that the boundary layer approach provides more accurate bed stress estimation than the empirical method, which leads to a more accurate prediction of runup and wave profile. The accumulation of bed stress in during solitary wave runup was evaluated. The bed stress on the direction leaving the shoreline will have more impact in the overall process. However, during a short period of run up process, bed stress toward the shoreline may have significant effect as well.