Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Estimation de la vitesse'
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Magnis, Lionel. "Estimation de vitesse de rotation par mesures de direction." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0039/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the general question of estimating the angular rate of a rigid body from on-board direction sensors (e.g. magnetometers, Sun sensors). The objective is to replace rate gyros which are very expensive compared to direction sensors, prone to saturation during high rate rotations and subject to failure. In a first part of the thesis, we address the specific cases of single-axis and slightly perturbed axis rotations.In a second part, we address the general case by an asymptotic non-linear observer. We build the observer from two non-collinear vector measurements or from a single vector measurements. The knowledge of the inertial coordinates of the reference vectors is not necessary. We then extend the observer to further estimate unknown torques and inertia parameters. The Euler’s equations play a central role in all the works developed in this thesis. It appears that, at least for the illustrative cases considered, rate gyros could be replaced with an estimation algorithm employing direction sensors which are much cheaper,more rugged and more resilient sensors
Billette, Frédéric. "Estimation de macro-modèles de vitesse en sismique réflexion par stéréotomographie." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077183.
Full textIooss, Bertrand. "Tomographie statistique en sismique réflexion : estimation d'un modèle de vitesse stochastique." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0827.
Full textChalard, Emanuel. "Estimation de macro-modèles de vitesse en sismique réflexion par stéréotomographie 3D." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1094.
Full textPerbal-Hatif, Séverine. "Estimation du temps, vitesse de traitement de l'information et mémoire : approche neuropsychologique." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066291.
Full textMousset, Stéphane. "Estimation de la vitesse axiale à partir d'une séquence réelle d'images stéréoscopiques." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES048.
Full textFerreyre, Frédéric. "Conception de commandes sécurisées de volet roulant sans capteur de vitesse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838016.
Full textOliveira, José Carlos Rodrigues de. "Contrôle d'un variateur asynchrone sans capteur de vitesse : estimation du flux, du couple et de la vitesse : réalisation de la commande numérique." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT105H.
Full textBeyou, Sébastien. "Estimation de la vitesse des courants marins à partir de séquences d'images satellitaires." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870722.
Full textNdao, Mamadou. "Estimation de la vitesse de retour à l'équilibre dans les équations de Fokker-Planck." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV036/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the Fokker-Planck équation partial_t f =∆f + div(E f).It is divided into two parts. The rst part deals with the linear problem. In this part we consider a vector E(x) depending only on x. It is composed of chapters 3, 4 and 5. In chapter 3 we prove that the linear operator Lf :=∆f + div(Ef ) is an in nitesimal generator of a strong continuous semigroup (SL(t))_{t≥0}. We establish also that (SL(t))_{t≥0} is positive and ultracontractive. In chapter 4 we show how an adequate decomposition of the linear operator L allows us to deduce interesting properties for the semigroup (SL(t))_{t≥0}. Indeed using this decomposition we prove that (SL(t))_{t≥0} is a bounded semigroup. In the last chapter of this part we establish that the linear Fokker-Planck admits a unique steady state. Moreover this stationary solution is asymptotically stable.In the nonlinear part we consider a vector eld of the form E(x, f ) := x +nabla (a *f ), where a and f are regular functions. It is composed of two chapters. In chapter 6 we establish that fora in W^{2,infini}_locthe nonlinear problem has a unique local solution in L^2_{K_alpha}(R^d); . To end this part we prove in chapter 7 that the nonlinear problem has a unique global solution in L^2_k(R^d). This solution depends continuously on the data
Plessix, René-Edouard. "Détermination de la vitesse pour l'interprétation de données sismiques très haute résolution à l'échelle géotechnique." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090067.
Full textZhou, Tianyou. "Analyse de vitesse par migration : choix des paramètres utilisateurs et introduction des ondes transmises." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM046.
Full textSeismic imaging is the technique used to determine the structures of the subsurface from seismic signals. One of the most important parameters is the velocity model, that can be split into the macromodel controlling the kinematics of wave propagation and velocity perturbations. Migration builds the image of velocity perturbation for a given macromodel. Migration Velocity Analysis estimates the quality of the macromodel with an objective function measuring the focusing in the image domain. The gradient of this objective function with respect to the macromodel allows to find the optimal macromodel in an iterative way. The method has been improved recently by replacing the migration operator by the asymptotic inverse in the subsurface offset domain. In this thesis, we show that the quality of the gradient is sensitive to the user parameters. We provide practical guidelines to ensure proper gradient. These guidelines are applied to the synthetic Marmousi model. Recent developments propose to take into account the transmitted waves. We compare different strategies for combining the two different kinds of waves and recommend to apply a separate workflow. We apply the method to a marine real data set provided by Total. We propose a two-step workflow: after a first try of several iterations, we adjust the parameters and restart the iterations
Hauet, Alexandre. "Estimation de débit et mesure de vitesse en rivière par Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116889.
Full textUne station LSPIV de mesure en continu et temps réel a été mise en place sur la rivière Iowa à Iowa City (USA). Les premières années de fonctionnement ont montré des estimations LSPIV de débit en bonne concordance avec la courbe de tarage du site et avec des mesures classiques réalisées au moulinet. L'établissement d'une importante base de données a permis une étude de sensibilité de la technique. Les sources d'erreur affectant la mesure ont été identifiées et quantifiées. L'étude de sensibilité a été affinée grâce à un simulateur numérique de la mesure LSPIV en rivière, outils capitalisant notre connaissance de la mesure et permettant d'évaluer l'importance relative de différentes sources d'erreur pour une situation donnée.
Une unité LSPIV motorisée (camionnette équipée d'un bras télescopique et d'une caméra) a été développée pour permettre l'application de la méthode en sites difficiles d'accès. Cette unité s'est montrée efficace, donnant des résultats d'excellentes qualités sur les différents sites testés. Des mesures LSPIV de champ de vitesse de surface ont été utilisées par ailleurs pour la validation de la modélisation hydraulique d'une zone d'écoulement complexe (la lône de Port-Galand sur l'Ain) et pour une étude de reconstitution de formes de fond de chenal en laboratoire.
Ghouili, Jamel. "Commande sans capteur d'une machine asynchrone avec estimation de la vitesse par réseaux de neurones /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24101164R.pdf.
Full textGhouili, Jamel. "Commande sans capteur d'une machine asynchrone avec estimation de la vitesse par réseaux de neurones." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1252/1/000123352.pdf.
Full textOrtiz, Cayón Rodrigo. "Amélioration de la vitesse et de la qualité d'image du rendu basé image." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4004/document.
Full textTraditional photo-realistic rendering requires intensive manual and computational effort to create scenes and render realistic images. Thus, creation of content for high quality digital imagery has been limited to experts and highly realistic rendering still requires significant computational time. Image-Based Rendering (IBR) is an alternative which has the potential of making high-quality content creation and rendering applications accessible to casual users, since they can generate high quality photo-realistic imagery without the limitations mentioned above. We identified three important shortcomings of current IBR methods: First, each algorithm has different strengths and weaknesses, depending on 3D reconstruction quality and scene content and often no single algorithm offers the best image quality everywhere in the image. Second, such algorithms present strong artifacts when rendering partially reconstructed objects or missing objects. Third, most methods still result in significant visual artifacts in image regions where reconstruction is poor. Overall, this thesis addresses significant shortcomings of IBR for both speed and image quality, offering novel and effective solutions based on selective rendering, learning-based model substitution and depth error prediction and correction
Godin, Olivier. "Information visuelle multirésolution pour l'estimation de la vitesse du trafic routier." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6583.
Full textMamfoumbi-Ocloo, Jean-Marcel. "Estimation de canaux de transmission respectant un modèle d'évolution temps/fréquence." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112072.
Full textThe aim of this work is to propose channel estimation methods in the context of wireless transmission for the IEEE802. 11a standard. Multicareers technics (OFDM) have already been accepted in such standards. Our approach is in the framework of multicareers systems and takes advatange of these techniques. We propose, in a first time, a new channel model which is piecewise constant. This model permits to increase the observations being used to estimate a given parameter and also to reduce the number of channel coefficients which must be estimated. The introduction of this model in the EM (Expectation-Maximization) algorithm procedure provides an algorithm which maximizes the likelihood and the arithmetical complexity is turned from exponential to linear. The performances of this new algorithm are satisfactory. Then, we propose a Maximum a posteriori (MAP) version which takes into account the output of an autoregressive filter as a channel evolution model. The resulting algorithm improves performances significantly but its complexity becomes important. The last part of this work consists in proposing a method maximizing the a posteriori probability with a linear arithmetical complexity. The proposed method has the same fixed points than the original MAP algorithm and the convergence of these algorithms is established
Leclerc-Carlhian, Joséphine. "Comportement limité fort (vitesse de convergence presque sure et loi du logarithme itéré) d'estimateurs non paramétriques du mode." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066276.
Full textAmorino, Chiara. "Bias correction for drift and volatility estimation of jump diffusion processes and non - parametric adaptive estimation of the invariant measure." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2020/2020UPASE006.pdf.
Full textThe thesis deal with the parametric and non-parametric inference in jump process models.It consists of 3 parts which gather 4 chapters.The first part, which contains 2 chapters, focuses on the estimation of the drift and volatility parameters via some contrast function methods starting from a discretely observed process.The main goal is to minimise the conditions on the discretization step so that it can go to $0$ arbitrarily slowly.The second part of the thesis regards some asymptotic developments, and bias correction, for the estimation of the integrated volatility.The third part of the thesis is about the adaptive estimation of the invariant measure for jump processes
Villette, Sylvain. "Estimation de vitesse par analyse d'images acquises en filé : Application à la caractérisation de la distribution centrifuge de granules d'engrais." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496311.
Full textVillette, Sylvain. "Estimation de vitesse par analyse d'images acquises en file : application à la caractérisation de la distribution centrifuge de granules d'engrais." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS042.
Full textThis dissertation demonstrates that motion blurred images acquired in the vicinity of the spinning disc of a fertiliser centrifugal spreader can be used to estimate the outlet velocity components of the granules. First, a recursive linear filter is applied to the image to detect the streak axes corresponding to the granule trajectories. This filter was specifically developed for our research by means of the Canny method and an edge model based on an experimental approach. Secondly, the trajectories are identified and characterised using the Hough Transform. Its computation is based on mechanical knowledge derived from spreading analysis. Next, the outlet velocities are deduced from the outlet angle measurements using kinematic relationships. The fertiliser angular distribution is also estimated using the frequency of trajectory identifications in the image. Finally, the spread pattern is computed by means of a ballistic flight model using the above parameters
Baral-Baron, Grégory. "Traitements avancés pour l’augmentation de la disponibilité et de l’intégrité de la mesure de vitesse 3D par LiDAR, dans le domaine aéronautique." Thesis, Supélec, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014SUPL0016/document.
Full textThe method use to respect security requirements in civil aviation consists in multiplying measuring chains for the same information. Now, it is recommended to add a dissimilar measuring chain, based on a different physical principle, in order to improve security level. Thus, Thales works on the development of a laser Doppler anemometer embedded on aircraft. This sensor is composed by four LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) axis distributed around the aircraft and air speed is estimated by the analysis of the reflection of the emitted laser wave on particles.This thesis objective is to design a LiDAR signal processing chain adapted to an aircraft sensor. The process is based on a time-frequency representation and it includes methods for signal detection in low concentrated air mass, useful particles selection in clouds and robust estimation to control measure reliability. The process has been evaluated during a test campaign realized at the Pic du Midi observatory. Its performances are greatly improved, especially in critical situations.The system architecture has also been studied. An estimation method designed from estimations performed on different LiDAR axis and an aerodynamic model of an aircraft is proposed in order to compensate for air mass perturbations close to the aircraft. Then, an optimization process is presented to improve sensor performances.The signal processing chain will have to be evaluated by flight tests, to explore a large atmospheric conditions variety and to quantify its strengths and weaknesses depending on conditions
Limido, Jérôme. "Étude de l'effet de l'usinage grande vitesse sur la tenue en fatigue de pièces aéronautiques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/753/.
Full textThe aim of this study is to describe the influence of the high speed machining conditions on the fatigue life of aeronautical alloy parts (AA-7010 aluminium). The approach suggested comprises three principal parts. In the first part, a 3D numerical model was developed to predict the 3D geometry of milled surface. This model takes into account the defects of the tool, the defects of assembly as well as the deflection of the tool due to the cutting forces. The 3D cutting forces are obtained thanks to a 2D SPH model. This method based on a particulate representation (therefore without grid) allows a new approach of the chip separation. The second part attempts to determine the life spans associated with the numerical surfaces obtained with the first part. The dominating influence of the surface texture on the fatigue life span is represented by the local stress concentration which it generates. The third part attempts to develop the articulation of the two preceding parts to obtain a life span prediction model starting from the machining parameters and the intrinsic properties of part material. The predicted life spans were compared with measurements resulting from milling tests representative of current machining conditions. The maximum error is approximately 15% compared to the tests. The model thus validated was used in trial cases to optimize the machining parameters compared to fatigue life. We show that it is possible to soften the machining constraints while preserving the desired fatigue life
Valeau, Vincent. "Mesure de la vitesse particulaire acoustique par anémométrie laser Doppler : estimation de fréquence instantanée à variation sinusoi͏̈dale, validation de la mesure." Le Mans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEMAA006.
Full textHamon, Abdellatif. "Estimation d'une densité de probabilité multidimensionnelle par dualité." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES055.
Full textDegroot, Anne. "Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler & Application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193066.
Full textL'application de la VLD à l'acoustique de l'audible pour des niveaux allant de 60 à 120 dBSPL en présence de faibles écoulements (quelques mm/s) constitue le domaine d'investigation du Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine depuis le milieu des années 90. Les méthodes de traitement du signal aujourd'hui implémentées sur le banc de mesure appartiennent à la famille des méthodes temps-fréquence donnant accès à la loi de fréquence instantanée (proportionnelle à la vitesse) de la particule lors de son passage dans le volume de mesure. Ces méthodes ont été développées et validées expérimentalement sur une seule bouffée Doppler en présence de très faible écoulement conduisant à une loi de variation de la vitesse de plusieurs périodes acoustiques.
L'objectif de cette thèse est double. Dans un premier temps, il vise à développer un traitement de signal qui permette d'estimer la vitesse acoustique à partir de l'analyse de plusieurs bouffées. Dans un deuxième temps, il vise à utiliser la VLD pour estimer une pression acoustique à partir des vitesses acoustiques mesurées au voisinage d'un structure (d'un microphone).
La première partie du travail consiste à développer et valider une méthode de traitement du signal, basée sur l'utilisation de la transformée en ondelette, capable de détecter, localiser, classifier (simple ou multiple) les bouffées contenues dans un signal bruité et propose une méthode d'estimation des paramètres acoustiques et de vitesse d'écoulement par utilisation d'une méthode des moindres carrés appliquée au signal de fréquence instantanée estimé suite à la détection des bouffées.
La deuxième partie de cette thèse permet d'initialiser des travaux, en collaboration avec le laboratoire d'acoustique d'Edimbourg, sur l'étalonnage de microphone en champ libre par mesures de vitesses acoustiques VLD.
Une première étude de faisabilité d'estimation de la pression à partir de mesures de vitesses à une dimension est menée, permettant d'envisager un étalonnage des microphones à réponse en pression. Puis, dans un second temps, une approche analytique basée sur la formulation intégrale de Green propose de développer un modèle à deux dimensions du champ de pression en fonction de la vitesse au voisinage très proche du microphone dans le but d'étalonner les microphones en champ libre.
Thiam, Baba. "Estimation récursive de fonctionnelles." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131199.
Full textBertin, Karine. "Estimation asymptotiquement exacte en norme sup de fonctions multidimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008028.
Full textGIAT, PASCAL. "Caracterisation ultrasonore de l'os par imagerie parametrique d'attenuation, de vitesse de propagation et par estimation de la retro diffusion : application a l'osteoporose." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066093.
Full textRivoirard, Vincent. "Estimation bayésienne non paramétrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002149.
Full textDegroot, Anne. "Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler et application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre." Le Mans, 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1005.pdf.
Full textLaser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) is a non intrusive technique widely used in fluid mechanics, but still marginal in acoustics, for measuring the particle velocimetry. Accessing to the acoustic particle velocity allows to characterize complex acoustics fields to study phenomena close to vibrating surfaces or around geometrical discontinuities for example. Research works of LDV applications to audible acoustics levels going from 60 to 120 dBsPL in presence of weak flows (a few mm/s) has been investigated by the Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine for the middle of the nineteens. Signal processing methods nowadays implement on the measurement bench belong to time-frequency methods allowing to get the instantaneous frequency (proportional to the velocity) of the particle during its crossing of the measuring probe. These methods have been developed and validated experimentally on one single burst for weak flow leading to a velocity variation of several acoustics periods. The objective of this Ph. D thesis is dual. In a first time, this thesis develops a new signal processing to get an estimation of the acoustic velocity parameters thanks to a large number of bursts. In a second time, this works presents the use the LDV sensor to estimate the acoustic pressure thanks to the measurement of the acoustic velocities. The first part of this study consists in developing and validating a signal parametric method, based on the use of a wavelet transform, able to detect, localize, classify (single or overlap) bursts present on the noisy Doppler signal and in processing an estimation method of acoustics parameters and flow velocities estimation with the help of a least mean square method on the instantaneous frequency after the detection process of bursts. The second part of this thesis allows to initiate new works, in collaboration with the Acoustics and Fluid dynamics group of Edinburgh, on free field microphone calibration thanks to acoustic velocities measurements by LDV. A first study investigates the possibility of getting an accurate pressure estimation thanks to acoustic velocities measurement to calibrate at first pressure microphones. Then, in a second time, an analytic approach based on the Green integral formulation proposes a two dimensional model of the acoustic pressure field function of the velocity close to the microphone membrane to hope a future calibration of free-field microphone
Degroot, Anne Simon Laurent. "Contribution à l'estimation de la vitesse acoustique par vélocimétrie laser Doppler et application à l'étalonnage de microphones en champ libre." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2007/2007LEMA1005.pdf.
Full textLecué, Guillaume. "Méthodes d'agrégation : optimalité et vitesses rapides." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00150402.
Full textcette thèse porte sur l'étude des méthodes d'agrégation sous
l'hypothèse de marge. Nous avons mis en avant que l'hypothèse de
marge améliore les vitesses d'agrégation. Un autre résultat de
cette thèse montre que certaines méthodes de minimisation du risque
empirique pénalisé sont sous-optimales quand le risque est convexe,
même sous l'hypothèse de marge. Contrairement aux procédures
d'agrégation à poids exponentiels, ces méthodes n'arrivent pas à
profiter de la marge du modèle. Nous avons ensuite appliqué les
méthodes d'agrégation à la résolution de quelques problèmes
d'adaptation. Une dernière contribution apportée dans cette thèse a
été de proposer une approche du contrôle du biais en classification
par l'introduction d'espaces de règles de prédiction parcimonieuses.
Des vitesses minimax ont été obtenues pour ces modèles et une
méthode d'agrégation a donné une version adaptative de ces
procédures d'estimation.
Autin, Florent. "Point de vue maxiset en estimation non paramétrique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008542.
Full textAgrebi, Zorgani Youssef. "Estimation adaptative de la vitesse et de la résistance rotorique pour la commande par orientation du flux statorique d’un moteur asynchrone sans capteur mécanique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4360.
Full textThe research developed in this PhD report deal with indirect stator field oriented control (ISFOC) of an induction motor drive (IM), with and without speed sensor. The developed approach uses the method with Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS). The reference model and the adjustable one, which are developed in stationary stator reference frame, are used to estimate the rotor speed, the rotor resistance and the simultaneous estimation of speed and rotor resistance of the (IM) from the knowledge of the stator currents and voltages. To cancel the static error in the speed control and ameliorate subsequently the performance results, the load torque, which can be considered as a disturbance, has been estimated based on the state variables of the motor to be controlled. For this, a procedure was developed to estimate the torque of the same machine based on a Luenberger observer. The numerical simulations results obtained with Matlab-Simulink software package as well as the experimental results, obtained on two platforms for testing asynchronous machines each equipped with a real time controller board of dSPACE, validate the developed algorithms
Delalondre, Fabien. "Modélisation et étude 3D des phénomènes adiabatiques dans les procédés de mise en forme à grande vitesse." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408755/en/.
Full textCorpetti, Thomas. "Estimation et analyse de champs denses de vitesses d'écoulements fluides." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005351.
Full textBonnefous, Odile. "Estimation des vitesses d'écoulement des flux sanguins par échographie ultrasonore." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077224.
Full textGendre, Xavier. "Estimation par sélection de modèle en régression hétéroscédastique." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00397608.
Full textLa première partie de cette thèse consiste dans l'étude du problème d'estimation de la moyenne et de la variance d'un vecteur gaussien à coordonnées indépendantes. Nous proposons une méthode de choix de modèle basée sur un critère de vraisemblance pénalisé. Nous validons théoriquement cette approche du point de vue non-asymptotique en prouvant des majorations de type oracle du risque de Kullback de nos estimateurs et des vitesses de convergence uniforme sur les boules de Hölder.
Un second problème que nous abordons est l'estimation de la fonction de régression dans un cadre hétéroscédastique à dépendances connues. Nous développons des procédures de sélection de modèle tant sous des hypothèses gaussiennes que sous des conditions de moment. Des inégalités oracles non-asymptotiques sont données pour nos estimateurs ainsi que des propriétés d'adaptativité. Nous appliquons en particulier ces résultats à l'estimation d'une composante dans un modèle de régression additif.
Boukhezzar, Boubekeur. "Sur les stratégies de commande pour l'optimisation et la régulation de puissance des éoliennes à vitesse variable." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272933.
Full textA l'heure actuelle, les commandes des systèmes éoliens sont réalisées à l'aide de régulateurs classiques PI ou PID. Leurs performances sont satisfaisantes lorsque le vent n'est pas trop turbulent mais cependant celles-ci se dégradent notablement lors des variations rapides de la vitesse du vent. Par conséquent, il est nécessaire de disposer de systèmes de commande plus performants afin de prendre en compte la forte non-linéarité de l'aérodynamique de l'éolienne, son aspect dynamique et la nature turbulente du vent.
Pour cela, nous avons étudié différentes stratégies de commande, en soulignant leurs avantages et inconvénients par rapport aux performances attendues. Parmi les contrôleurs que nous avons développés, si certains sont une adaptation de techniques bien connues pour les modèles de l'éolienne, en revanche les autres apparaissent pour la première fois dans ce domaine.
A vents faibles, nous avons élaboré des commandes non linéaires, avec estimateur de la vitesse du vent, qui permet d'obtenir la vitesse du vent fictif qui ne peut pas être mesurée, vu la variabilité spatiotemporelle du profil du vent autour du rotor.
Pour la commande à vents forts, il est montré qu'une commande monovariable en calage ou en couple du générateur ne permet pas d'atteindre le double objectif de réguler à la fois la puissance électrique et la vitesse du rotor. Par conséquent, notre idée est de combiner une commande non linéaire par retour d'état dynamique en couple et une commande linéaire en pitch. Cette stratégie s'avère être la meilleure.
La validation des performances des contrôleurs a été réalisée avec des simulateurs aéroélastiques d'éoliennes, développés par NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO) en utilisant des profils de vent de forte turbulence. Les résultats sont satisfaisants aussi bien en termes d'optimisation de la capture de l'énergie du vent qu'en régulation de puissance.
Poilleux-Milhem, Hélène. "Test de validation adaptatif dans un modèle de régression : modélisation et estimation de l'effet d'une discontinuité du couvert végétal sur la dispersion du pollen de colza." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112297.
Full textThis thesis framework is the spread of genetically modified organisms in the environment. Several parametric models of the individual pollen dispersal distribution have already been proposed for homogeneous experiments (plants emitting marked pollen surrounded by the same unmarked plants). In order to predict the "genetic pollution" in an agricultural landscape, a discontinuity effect on pollen flows in a cultivated area (e. G. A road crosses a field) has to be taken into account. This effect was modelled and estimated: according to the size of the discontinuity, it may correspond to a significant acceleration of the pollen flow. Graphical diagnosis methods show that the modelling of the individual pollen dispersal distribution and of the discontinuity effect, is best fitting the data when using constant piecewise functions. Prior to using parametric models to predict genetic pollution, goodness-of-fit tools are essential. We therefore propose a goodness-of-fit test in a nonlinear Gaussian regression model, where the errors are independent and identically distributed. This test does not require any knowledge on the regression function and on the variance of the observations. It generalises the linear hypothesis tests proposed by Baraud et al (Ann. Statist. 2003, Vol. 31) to the nonlinear hypothesis. It is asymptotically of level α and a set of functions over which it is asymptotically powerful is characterized. It is rate optimal among adaptive procedures over isotropic and anisotropic Hölder classes of alternatives. It is consistent against directional alternatives that approach the null hypothesis at a rate close to the parametric rate. According to a simulation study, this test is powerful even for fixed sample sizes
Darwich, Mohamad Ayham. "Caractérisation locale des propriétés dynamiques artérielles par IRM haute résolution." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1868.
Full textArterial pathologies can often represent serious clinical situations which require an immediate medical examination. Although the modification the structure and the vascular geometry is relatively slow and is carried out during years, the consequences can appear, suddenly, fatal. This work represents a contribution to the methodology of the exploration of the movement of blood, and walls arterial for the characterization of arterial elasticity, and to measure the deterioration of the arterial walls in a noninvasive way. We present two protocols of dynamic imagery based on a bared echo of gradient sequence, with a high temporal resolution (- 5 ms). The relation between MR signal and liquid speed is elucidated via an experimental study, testing the influence of the parameters of imagery and the physical properties of circulation liquid. The reproducibility of MR signal behavior encouraged to propose an estimator based on the speed of blond. Further tests of the feasibility were carried out experimentally and on healthy volunteers, andvelocity results were compared with the technique of phase contrast. The application of the sequence on two close planes made it possible to carry out the second estimator based the speed of pulse wave. A pulsatile hydraulique circuit was implemented, and used to estimate this speed in vitro. The protocol was applied in vivo to estimate the speed of the blood pulse wave of the common carotid, with a distance of 5 cm between the planes. Results of these 2 estimators were experimentally verified, and reproducibility was tested
Zine, Wided. "Commande sans capteur mécanique d'une MSAP appliquée à une chaine de traction d'un VE en utilisant les techniques injection d'un signal HF et Machine Learning." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0914/document.
Full textIn EV traction applications, most of the mentioned criteria are inescapable, in particularthose related with cost (real-time implementation, additional hardware, etc.), those relatedwith functional requirements (torque ripple, motor efficiency, etc.) not to mention thatsensorless operation must cover the complete speed range
Hawwari, Yasmine. "Developement of some signal processing tools for vibro-acoustic based diagnosis of aeronautic machines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2022. https://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2022ISAL0131/these.pdf.
Full textPre-processing vibration signals in harsh conditions such as the aeronautic conditions seems a complicated task. The operating conditions are nonstationary and the motor exhibits at least two harmonic non-linear families related to low and high pressure shaft. Furthermore, the design constraints impose a reduced number of accelerometers (generally two) which is unfortunately insufficient to detect all the shaft related phenomena. The acoustic signals are not subjected to the latter constraint. However, they are very noisy in comparison to vibration signals and may not detect low energy problems and very low frequency phenomena. Besides, the obtained signals depend strongly on the microphone position and its directivity in addition to the problem of clipping with medium to high acoustic pressure values. Thus, the PhD objective is to propose methods robust to mainly (i) the interference between different linear and non-linearly related phenomena, (ii) the nonstationary operating conditions and (iii) the broadband noise phenomena. These scientific difficulties are considered through (1) a blind detection of spectral peaks, (2) the estimation of the instantaneous speed and (3) the estimation of the deterministic/tonal component
Adon, Marcellin. "Etude des concentrations de gaz atmosphériques et estimation des flux de dépôt sec à l'échelle des principaux écosystèmes africains." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650079.
Full textAdon, Attoh Marcellin. "Étude des concentrations de gaz atmosphériques et estimation des flux de dépôt sec à l'échelle des principaux écosystèmes africains." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1356/.
Full textThis research, conducted as part of IDAF (IGAC/DEBITS/AFrica*) program, is a contribution to the study of atmospheric constituent deposition on the surface of the earth, in tropical Africa. It concerns the study of atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen gases (ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, nitric acid), sulfur dioxide and ozone, and their dry deposition in West and Central Africa. The gases were measured on a monthly basis by the technique of passive samplers over a ten year period (1998-2007) at seven remote sites within the framework of the IDAF network. The sites are located to represent a transect of African ecosystems, i. E. , dry savanna-wet savanna - forest. The validation and the analysis of the decadal IDAF database of " IDAF gases " allowed to establish (1) the levels of surface gaseous concentration characteristic of each major ecosystem and (2) to study their monthly, seasonal, annual and interannual mean variations on the transect of ecosystems. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by the inferential method based on dry deposition velocities (Vd) calculated using the "big leaf" model of Zhang et al. (2003b). In the model of deposition, surface and meteorological conditions specific to IDAF sites have been adapted and validated in order to simulate Vd representative of major African ecosystems. The monthly, seasonal and annual mean variations of gaseous dry deposition fluxes (NO2, HNO3, NH3, O3, and SO2) are analyzed. A budget of total nitrogen atmospheric deposition (dry + wet) is proposed at the African ecosystem scale. The total nitrogen deposition estimated is around 6-9 kgN. Ha-1. Yr-1, 7-10 kgN. Ha-1. Yr-1 and 13 kgN. Ha-1. Yr-1 respectively in dry savannas, wet savannas and forests, with a relative contribution of dry deposition in the gaseous form to the total nitrogen deposition between 46 and 71% for all ecosystems. We have also established an emission-deposition budget of oxidized and reduced nitrogen compounds for each IDAF station. This budget shows that the total emission flux have the same order of magnitude of annual mean nitrogen deposition for the savannas ecosystems but is lower in the forested ecosystem. Finally, a comparative analysis between IDAF measurements of nitrogen deposition and (1) a global multi-model exercise and (2) critical loads of eutrophication is presented over the African tropical ecosystems
Yver, Camille. "Estimation des sources et puits du dihydrogène troposphérique : développements instrumentaux, mesures atmosphériques et assimilation variationnelle." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633825.
Full textZhou, Wei. "Velocity model building by full waveform inversion of early arrivals & reflections and case study with gas cloud effect." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU024/document.
Full textFull waveform inversion (FWI) has attracted worldwide interest for its capacity to estimate the physical properties of the subsurface in details. It is often formulated as a least-squares data-fitting procedure and routinely solved by linearized optimization methods. However, FWI is well known to suffer from cycle skipping problem making the final estimations strongly depend on the user-defined initial models. Reflection waveform inversion (RWI) is recently proposed to mitigate such cycle skipping problem by assuming a scale separation between the background velocity and high-wavenumber reflectivity. It explicitly considers reflected waves such that large-wavelength variations of deep zones can be extracted at the early stage of inversion. Yet, the large-wavelength information of the near surface carried by transmitted waves is neglected.In this thesis, the sensitivity of FWI and RWI to subsurface wavenumbers is revisited in the frame of diffraction tomography and orthogonal decompositions. Based on this analysis, I propose a new method, namely joint full waveform inversion (JFWI), which combines the transmission-oriented FWI and RWI in a unified formulation for a joint sensitivity to low wavenumbers from wide-angle arrivals and short-spread reflections. High-wavenumber components are naturally attenuated during the computation of model updates. To meet the scale separation assumption, I also use a subsurface parameterization based on compressional velocity and acoustic impedance. The temporal complexity of this approach is twice of FWI and the memory requirement is the same.An integrated workflow is then proposed to build the subsurface velocity and impedance models in an alternate way by JFWI and waveform inversion of the reflection data, respectively. In the synthetic example, JFWI is applied to a streamer seismic data set computed in the synthetic Valhall model, the large-wavelength characteristics of which are missing in the initial 1D model. While FWI converges to a local minimum, JFWI succeeds in building a reliable velocity macromodel. Compared with RWI, the involvement of diving waves in JFWI improves the reconstruction of shallow velocities, which translates into an improved imaging at greater depths. The smooth velocity model built by JFWI can be subsequently taken as the initial model for conventional FWI to inject high-wavenumber content without obvious cycle skipping problems.The main promises and limitations of the approach are also reviewed in the real-data application on the 2D OBC profile cross-cutting gas cloud.Several initial models and offset-driven strategies are tested with the aim to manage cycle skipping while building subsurface models with sufficient resolution. JFWI can produce an acceptable velocity model provided that the cycle skipping problem is mitigated and sufficient low-wavenumber content is recovered at the early stage of inversion. Improved scattering-angle illumination provided by 3D acquisitions would allow me to start from cruder initial models
Bouchou, Paul. "Quantification et éléments de paramétrisation du dépôt sec de l'ozone à l'interface sol/végétation-atmosphère au-dessus de trois écosystèmes méditerranéens (programme ESCOMPTE)." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30051.
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