Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Estimation de la gravité des défauts'
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Yang, Junjie. "Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis in multivariate complex systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST001.
Full textFault diagnosis and prognosis have attracted huge attention in industry and academia for the increasing requirements on reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety.Despite the significant progress, the existing fault diagnosis methodologies still suffer from challenges, such as the lack of sufficient faulty data for training, ineffectiveness to complex distributed data, low sensitivity to incipient faults, and the interference of noise and outliers.Therefore, this work proposes a new one-class classification method implemented by generating anchors and selecting the region margin to determine a healthy region as a decision area.Then a particular distance measurement called local Mahalanobis distance is then defined to indicate the distance between a sample and the healthy region.Based on the proposed one-class classification method and the LMD index, this work first develops an incipient fault detection approach by combining the LMD index and the empirical probability density cumulative sum technique.This work also discusses the efficiency of LMD as a representative feature for fault detection.Secondly, this work proposes the faulty variable isolation method for single fault cases by combining the LMD technique with the contribution plot idea.Thirdly, an analytical expression of fault increasing rate is derived from the LMD index for the fault severity estimation task.Finally, we further develop a new reconstruction-based approach using the local Mahalanobis distance as a detection index to improve the isolation and estimation performance.The improved method can accurately isolate multiple faulty variables and estimate their fault amplitudes simultaneously.The case study based on the Continuous-flow Stirred Tank Reactor process data shows that the LMD technique has significant benefits for the fault diagnosis problem, such as high sensitivity to incipient faults, robustness to noise and outliers, and no distribution assumption.The fault diagnosis methods developed on LMD significantly outperform state-of-the-art solutions.The comparative study on the Case Western Reserve University bearing data indicates that the LMD technique can be used as a feature extraction approach and is more effective and robust than the other statistical techniques
Farhat, Ahmad. "Détection, localisation et estimation de défauts : application véhicule." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT056/document.
Full textModern vehicles are increasingly equipped with new mechanisms to improve safety, comfort and ecological impact. These active systems employ sensors, actuators and automatic control systems. However, in case of failure of one these components, the consequences for the vehicle and the passengers safety could be dramatic. In order to ensure a higher level of reliability within on board diagnosis, new methodologies for sensor or actuator fault detection, location and estimation are proposed. These model based approaches are extended for robust synthesis for switched uncertain systems. In addition, a method for detecting critical stability situation is presented. The validation of the different methods is illustrated with simulations using CarSim, and application on real vehicle data within the INOVE project
Ahmad, Iftikhar. "Attitude estimation of accelerated aerial vehicles using IMU/GPS." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0062.
Full textThis research work addresses the problems of attitude estimation of rigid bodies moving in 3D-space with an acceleration which is neither constant, nor negligible as compared to the gravity, using IMU and GPS. We propose an observer based on proportional-integral type second order sliding mode to estimate unknown bounded time-varying input to a nonlinear dynamical system. Exponential convergence on the observed is demonstrated using Lyapunov theory in a general case. This observer has been applied to estimate the unknown linear acceleration in the inertial frame from the equations of rigid bodies translational dynamics. We then propose a two-step observer for which the estimation of linear acceleration is the first step which is then used in the equations of rigid bodies rotational dynamics at second step. The exponentially convergence at first step is sufficient excuse to study the convergence analysis of the rigid bodies rotational dynamics separately. The combined system is found to be almost global asymptotic convergent by using separation principle. We also propose a complementary filter to filter raw measurements of two non-collinear vectors in the body frame, for which we get global asymptotic convergence. Note that we get global exponential convergence if gyro-bias is not considered. After filtering these directions, the doors of attitude estimation through using some algebraic algorithm, are open. The performance of the proposed observers is illustrated by simulation results as well
Touati, Youcef. "Diagnostic robuste et estimation de défauts à base de modèle Bond Graph." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10100/document.
Full textThis work deals with robust bond graph model-based fault diagnosis. The main objectives of this work are related to the generation of robust thresholds with respect to measurement uncertainties, and the creation of a systematic procedure for the generation of fault estimation equations. A procedure of thresholds generation based on a graphical representation of the measurement uncertainty has been developed and implemented on a real system. The Bond graph under LFT (linear fractional transformation) form has been used for the generation of fault estimation equations. These equations are used to improve the decision step concerning the isolation of the faults having the same signature and for analyzing the sensitivity of the residuals to faults affecting sensors, actuators and parameters. The algorithms developed in this work have been on a mechatronic system representing a mobile robot, called: Robotino
Gahlouz, Ibtiseme. "Estimation de défauts composants par un observateur à entrées inconnues : approche bond graph." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10005/document.
Full textThe thesis concerns the estimation of system components faults by using an unknown inputs observer. To reach this goal, we used the Bond Graph approach to physical modelling. We showed that this graphical tool is allowing the representation of system components faults as unknown inputs within the state representation of the considered physical system. The study of the causal and structural features of the system (controllability, observability, finite structure and infinite structure) based on the Bond Graph approach was hence fulfilled in order to design an unknown inputs observer which is used for the system component fault estimation. The component fault is considered as an unknown input. The approach proposed in this work wad validated through an application to a hydraulic system. The experimental results showed the effectiveness of this particular observer for the monitoring of the system components
Pirat, Christophe. "Structures d'un film visqueux bidimensionnel continûment alimenté sous gravité déstabilisante." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090041.
Full textOn observe, en fonction du débit d'alimentation et de la viscosité, une grande richesse de comportements spatio-temporels à travers trois régimes de référence, constitués de gouttes, de colonnes ou de nappes: réseaux hexagonaux centrés, défauts topologiques oscillant ou pas, nappes spiralantes...
L'étude théorique de la déstabilisation d'une structure hexagonale menée dans cette thèse, permet de prédire tous les vecteurs d'onde possibles de l'instabilité secondaire, en particulier le mode de doublement de période observé dans l'expérience.
L'étude de la transition au chaos spatio-temporel par intermittences, à partir du régime hexagonal et stationnaire de colonnes, est également menée. Selon la viscosité utilisée, la transition est du premier ou du deuxième ordre au sens des systèmes thermodynamiques.
Laboudi, Khaled. "Contribution à la détection et à l'estimation des défauts pour des systèmes linéaires à commutations." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS030/document.
Full textThis work deals with the problem of estimation of fault and hybrid state for a classof switched linear systems. The objective is to develop a method to synthesize anobserver and an estimator dedicated respectively to the estimation of the hybridstate and the faults. After presenting a state of the art for estimation, stabilityand diagnostic techniques for switched linear systems, the report is divided intotwo parts. The first part proposes a method for estimating the continuous stateand the faults in the case where the discrete state of the system is known. Basedon a coordinate transformation which decouples a subset of the state of the systemof faults, we first synthesized a hybrid observer to estimate the continuous stateof the system and, in a second step, an estimator allowing the reconstructionof faults. The proposed fault estimator depends on the derivative of the systemoutput. For this reason, a robust and accurate differentiator based on sliding modetechniques is used. In the second part of this paper, the discrete state of the systemis assumed unknown. An algebraic approach is proposed to estimate the switchingtimes between the different subsystems. Thereafter, the estimation of the hybridstate (continuous and discrete state) and of the faults is considered in the casewhere the discrete state of the system is unknown. The latter is reconstructedfrom the estimated switching times and on a known switching sequence. Thecontinuous state of the system is estimated using a pole placement method allowingimprove the performances of the transient phase. Finally, by exploiting the resultsfound in the first part, the estimation of the faults is considered by estimatingthe output of the system with an algebraic differentiator. This differentiator givesmore interesting results at the noise compared to the differentiator based on thesliding mode techniques used in the first part
Bachir, Smaïl. "Contribution au diagnostic de la machine asynchrone par estimation paramétrique." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2306.
Full textBara, Gabriela Iuliana. "Estimation d'état des systèmes linéaires à paramètres variants." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL591N.
Full textNguyen, Van Tho. "Estimation de la qualité de bois ronds et d'arbres sur pied par Lidar terrestre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AGPT0007.
Full textTerrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technology is booming in forestry applications. It generates a cloud of tens of millions of 3D points corresponding to the obstacles encountered by a laser beam scanning a scene from several points of view. Its advantage lies in its ability to describe a forest plot or an individual tree by a point cloud with a high level of detail unusual for such a large object. This level of detail allows a fine analysis of the trunk surface to detect the defects that play an essential role in wood quality. In fact, several studies have shown that 80% of internal defects correspond to traces on the trunk surface, for example, branch scars.The objective of the thesis is to develop a method to automatically quantify defects on trunks of standing trees or logs, using TLS data. The defects included branches, branch scars, burls, bud cluster, and picots.The development is completed through 3 steps: (1) defect detection, (2) defect identification and (3) defect characterization.The detection of defects is based on an analysis of the bark roughness using an estimation of the reference distance to the trunk centerline. The principle of centerline computation is to find the points where the surface normal vectors converge. The reference distance of each point from the surface to this centerline is computed from the distribution of its neighboring points belonging to the elongated patch along the main axis of the trunk. The detection of defects is based on the idea that, for one point belonging to a defect, the difference between the real distance and the reference distance to the centerline exceeds a certain threshold value. The reference distance computation takes also into account the local roughness of the bark. The points supposed to correspond to a defect are obtained by an automatic thresholding of the statistical distribution of the differences. The defect detection method can take into account a large variety of shapes of the trunk or log; it uses a small number of parameters not sensitive to the nature of the bark.Then, the identification of defects is based on a machine learning approach using the Random Forests classifier, which not only classifies defects by type but also reduces the number of false positives resulting from the first step.The characterization of defects includes the estimation of their position and dimensions associated with their type.Experiments on logs or trunks of different species such as oak, beech, wild cherry, pine, fir, and spruce showed that we can detect defects with a size as small as 5 mm with sufficiently dense TLS data. When compared at the surface element level, the results were well consistent with the data observed visually on the meshes created from the TLS point cloud. The criterion chosen to evaluate the classification performance is the F1 score, which is the harmonic mean of the precision and the recall, two variables calculated from the false and true positives. Concerning the detection step, F1 was 0.76. The second step correctly classified 163 defects out of 185 but induced 75 false identifications of mostly small defects. The F1 score was 0.84.The latest experiments on oaks and beeches, designed to automatically evaluate the quality of standing trees, showed that the proposed method was robust and promising for these two species with very different bark structures.Compared to previous work on the use of TLS data for similar objectives, the developed tool considerably improves the automatic quantification of external defects and estimation of standing tree quality. The main perspectives of this work are: improve the variability of the defects contained in the training set and possibly separate the training set by species, and extend this tool to take into account other types of external defects, such as cracks, and the global attributes of the trunk or log to estimate log quality on the wood yard or in the forest
Ennaime, Salah-Eddine. "Contribution à l'identification de structures mécaniques : localisation des défauts dominants et réanalyse ; estimation des forces extérieures." Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2034.
Full textBoukhari, Mohamed Riad. "Architecture de commande tolérante aux défauts capteurs proprioceptifs et extéroceptifs pour un véhicule autonome." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS029.
Full textDriverless vehicle offers several advantages: comfort, reduced stress, and reduced road mortality. Nevertheless, fatal accidents involving its responsibility, have highlighted its limitations and imperfections. These accidents raise questions about autonomous vehicle reliability, and voices expressed a strong concern for the safety of users of the autonomous vehicle. Furthermore, the tasks of perception and localization of autonomous vehicles may have inconsistencies leading to errors that would affect the stability of the vehicle. The sources of these inconsistencies can be of different natures and act both on the sensor itself (Hardware), or on the post-processing of information (Software). In this context, several difficulties must be overcome to secure the interaction of automated driving systems with human drivers facing these problems, the adoption of a fault-tolerant control strategy is paramount. In this thesis, a fault detection and fault tolerant control strategies for perception and localization are implemented. In addition, fault estimation strategies for proprioceptive sensors are also proposed. The purpose is to have a reliable fault localization and ensure acceptable performance. Moreover, given the unpredictability and variety of road scenes, a fault-tolerant fusion based on voting algorithms is developed for a better perception. The fusion takes advantage of current obstacle detection technologies (radio, light beam or camera detection) and the voting algorithm provides an output that is closest to reality. Tests with real data from a demonstrator vehicle are used to validate the approaches proposed in this thesis
Nowakowski, Samuel. "Détection de défauts dans les séries temporelles." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10074.
Full textBen, Chabane Sofiane. "Techniques de détection de défauts à base d’estimation d’état ensembliste pour systèmes incertains." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC007/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new Fault Detection approach for linear systems with interval uncertainties, bounded perturbations and bounded measurement noises. In this context, the Fault Detection is based on a set-membership state estimation of the system. The main contributions of this thesis are divided into three parts:- The first part proposes an improved method which combines the good accuracy of the zonotopic set-membership state estimation and the reduced complexity of the ellipsoidal set-membership estimation.- In the second part, a new ellipsoidal state estimation approach based on the minimization of the ellipsoidal radius is developed, leading to Linear Matrix Inequality optimization problems. In this context, both multivariable linear time-invariant systems and linear time-variant systems are considered. An extension of these approaches to systems with interval uncertainties is also proposed. - In the continuity of the previous approaches, two Fault Detection techniques have been proposed in the third part based on these set-membership estimation techniques. The first technique allows to detect sensor faults by checking the consistency between the model and the measurements. The second technique is based on Multiple Models. It deals with actuator/component/sensor faults in the same time. A Min-Max Model Predictive Control is developed in order to find the optimal control and the best model to use for the system in spite of the presence of these faults
Bazine, Imène. "Identification en boucle fermée de la machine asynchrone : application à la détection de défaut." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Ben-Ameur-Bazine/2008-Ben-Ameur-Bazine-These.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents the application of a closed loop identification technique to induction machines, including explicitly the control algorithm. Basically, direct identification is asymptotically biased by output disturbances and noises which are feedback to the control input via the control algorithm. In order to get rid of this bias problem, an indirect identification technique with explicit use of the controller is proposed. Moreover, a prior knowledge of the control algorithm is replaced by its identification with the help of an overparametrized least squares techniques, which avoids knowledge of the structure and the parameters of the controller. An equivalent minimal structure controller is estimated thanks to an original criterion based on discrete moments. The identification of induction machines is performed with this equivalent controller using an output error technique. Comparative studies performed by Monte Carlo simulations have exhibited bias rejection and better precision of indirect identification, while necessary excitation is only provided by torque variations of the machine load. Finally, this new closed loop identification technique has been applied to the diagnosis of induction machines, with the benefit of better detection of stator and rotor faults, thanks to better rejection of false alarms
Amoros, Emmanuelle. "Les blessés par accidents de la route : estimation de leur nombre et de leur gravité lésionnelle, France, 1996-2004." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511718.
Full textSy, Kombossé. "Étude et développement de méthodes de caractérisation de défauts basées sur les reconstructions ultrasonores TFM." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS040/document.
Full textIn non-destructive testing, with a view to improving defect images but also to simplify their interpretation by non-specialized operators,new ultrasonic imaging methods such as TFM imaging (Total Focusing Method ) have appeared for some years as an alternative to conventional imaging methods. They offer realistic images of defects and allow from the same acquisition to have a large number of images each that can carry different and complementary information on the characteristics of the same defect. When properly selected, these images are easier to analyze, they present less risk of misinterpretation and allow to consider faster fault characterizations by less specialized operators.However, for an industrial operation, it remains necessary to strengthen the robustness and ease of implementation of these imaging techniques. All the work carried out during the thesis allowed to develop new tools to improve the characterization of defects by TFM imaging techniques in terms of position,orientation and sizing
Xiong, Jun. "Set-membership state estimation and application on fault detection." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068054.
Full textKharrat, Dhouha. "Commande tolérante aux défauts des systèmes non linéaires : application à la dynamique du véhicule." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AMIE0012.
Full textThis work deals with the development of new technologies of fault tolerant control (FTC), state and sensor/actuator faults estimation for different classes of systems. The algorithm described in this manuscript improve and reduce the conservatism of existing results in the literature. Firstly, we were interested in the synthesis of adaptive observer-based FTC for Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) descriptor systems with time-delay in presence of actuator faults. The analysis and design conditions of observer-based FTC are formulated into a set of delay-dependent linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) which can be solved in a single step. Then, an adaptive observer-based FTC strategy is proposed for both T-S descriptor systems and T-S fuzzy systems subject to simultaneous actuator and sensor faults under external disturbances. The last part of this work concerns the issue of the lateral vehicle and rollover dynamics which is approximated by the T-S fuzzy model under the influence of actuator and sensor faults with external disturbances. Using the cone complementarity linearization algorithm, the proposed method offers less restrictive LMI conditions than those established in the literature. The proposed approach is validated in simulation on the Carsim software as an application of the dynamics of the vehicle in presence of sensor, actuator faults and external disturbances
Meguellati, Fatima. "Estimation par approximation de Laplace dans les modèles GLM Mixtes : application à la gravité corporelle maximale des accidents de la route." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10204/document.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the construction of statistical methods for the evaluation (modeling and estimation) of some indices used to analyze the injury severity of road crashes. We focus on four points during the development of the adopted methodology: the random variables (or factors) selection, the construction of mixed logistic-Normal model, the parameters estimation by Laplace approximation and PQL (penalized quasi-likelihood) and the performance comparison of the estimation methods. In a first contribution, a logistic-Normal model is constructed with "collision type" as random variable to analyze the maximum injury severity observed in a sample of crashed vehicles. Estimation methods based on the Laplace approximation of the log-likelihood are proposed to estimate and analyze the contribution of variables in the model. We compare, by simulation, this Laplacian approximation to those based on the adaptation of Gauss-Hermite polynomials (AGH). We show that the two approaches are equivalent with respect to the accuracy of the estimate although AGH is superior. A second contribution is to adapt some algorithms of PQL family to estimate the parameters of a second model and compare its performance to Laplace and AGH methods in terms of bias. Two examples of simulated data illustrate the obtained results. In a third and dense contribution, we identify several mixed logistic-Normal models with more than one random effect. The convergence of the algorithms (Laplace, AGH, and PQL) and the precision of the estimates are investigated. Simulations as well as a database of detailed crash data are used to analyze the models performance to detect vehicles containing users with maximum injury severity. Programming oriented R accompany all results. The thesis concludes with perspectives on GLM Mixed models selection criteria and the extension of these models to the multinomial family
Eltrabyly, Akram. "Estimation and fault-tolerant control for safer quadrotor flights." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPAST149.pdf.
Full textQuadrotors have become increasingly present in our daily lives and are used in a wide range of applications, from delivery services to drone light shows. Many of its applications include close contact with humans. Should any fault occur to the quadrotor such on a motor, it could lead to catastrophic events, from injuries and expensive equipment loss to death. It is thus essential to focus on improving their safety and reliability through well-designed algorithms that can detect and compensate for faults affecting the drones.Another common source of drone failure is getting into a difficult orientation, such as an upside-down orientation, due to, for instance, strong wind disturbances or collision with a wall or with another drone. Linear controllers that are based on simplified models linearized around the hovering point and utilizing Euler angles for attitude representations are less likely to recover the drone from such orientation.The main objective of this thesis is to improve the safety and reliability of aerial robots by addressing the aforementioned problems. This is achieved by designing Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) algorithms that can achieve precise trajectory tracking under actuator constraints and in the presence of partial loss of effectiveness actuator fault and measurement noise. Furthermore, it expands on this goal by devising an algorithm that allows for recovery from random orientations, performing acrobatic flip maneuvers, and achieving precise trajectory following, all in the presence of actuator faults and constraints.First, quadrotor modeling and several attitude representations are investigated. Several nonlinear models based on various attitude representations, such as Euler angles, quaternions, and rotation matrices, are introduced.Additionally, an Active Fault-Tolerant Control (AFTC) framework is presented, which integrates a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) module based on a computationally cheap nonlinear algebraic observer and a fault-tolerant controller based on Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC). This framework can achieve precise trajectory tracking under actuator constraints and in the presence of actuator faults.The thesis also proposes an AFTC framework that is completely based on nonlinear constrained optimization. This framework combines Nonlinear Moving Horizon Estimation (NMHE) as an FDD module and NMPC as a fault-tolerant controller. NMHE is capable of simultaneously estimating states and actuator faults from noisy measurements while maintaining constraints, thus resulting in precise trajectory tracking under actuator faults and noisy measurements when combined with NMPC.Finally, a novel fault-tolerant geometric control algorithm is presented. It allows a quadrotor to recover from arbitrary orientations (almost upside-down), perform acrobatic flip maneuvers, and achieve precise trajectory tracking, all in the presence of actuator faults and constraints. The presented algorithm demonstrates superior performance and higher safety and reliability compared to a baseline geometric controller from the literature. Unlike the presented novel algorithm, the baseline controller fails to perform the same missions when under actuator faults. The results of this part are validated in a ROS-Gazebo simulation, and a proof of concept is validated through hardware experiments
Timsit, Jean-François. "Estimation de la mortalité attribuable aux infections nosocomiales en réanimation : prise en compte de l'évolution de la gravité des patients en réanimation." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0243_TIMSIT.pdf.
Full textAllys, Erwan. "Au-delà des modèles standards en cosmologie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066141/document.
Full textThe current description of fundamental interactions is based on two theories with the status of standard models. The electromagnetic and nuclear interactions are described at a quantum level by the Standard Model of particle physics, using tools like gauge theories and spontaneous symmetry breaking by the Higgs mechanism. The gravitational interaction is described on the other hand by general relativity, based on a dynamical description of space-time at a classical level.Although these models are verified to high precision in the solar system experiments, they suffer from several theoretical weaknesses and a lack of predictive power at the Planck scale as well as at cosmological scales; they are thus not viewed anymore as fundamental theories. As its phenomenology involves both these extreme scales, cosmology is then a good laboratory to probe theories going beyond these standard models.The first part of this thesis focus on cosmic strings, topological defects forming during the spontaneous symmetry breaking of grand unified theories in the early universe. I show especially how to study these defects while taking into account the complete structure of the particles physics models leading to their formation, going beyond the standard descriptions in terms of simplified toy-models. The second part is devoted to the construction and the examination of different theories of modified gravity related to the Galileon model, a model which tries in particular to explain the dark energy phenomenology
Hocine, Abdelfettah. "Estimation d'état et diagnostic de systèmes à commutation par filtrage multi-modèle." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135049.
Full textHouarche, Nicolas. "Modélisation de défauts paramétriques en vue de tests statiques et dynamiques." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20248.
Full textHouarche, Nicolas. "Modélisation de défauts paramétriques en vue de tests statiques et dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481534.
Full textBezzaoucha, Souad. "Commande tolérante aux défauts de systèmes non linéaires représentés par des modèles de Takagi-Sugeno." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00948345.
Full textCuevas, Salvatierra Mauricio Andrés. "Méthodes non-invasives de diagnostic de défauts et d'analyse thermique des machines synchrones à pôles saillants." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0209/document.
Full textThis work aims to develop non-invasive monitoring techniques on AC rotating machines so that their implementation is easy in an industrial environment. For this purpose, two independent methods are described: a fault diagnosis in alternators connected to the local power gird and an exploratory study to evaluate the internal temperature of AC rotating machines.The first method relies on the analysis of two physical magnitudes: the stray magnetic field radiated outside from the external frame and the vibrations content of machine structure. Mathematical models have been developed in order to correlate magnetic and mechanical phenomena which occur in three different machine states: healthy and in two winding short-circuit faults both in the stator and in the rotor. These results were then validated experimentally in laboratory as well as on large machines in industrial environment. A first diagnostic prototype is presented capable to be implemented in industrial environment in order to detect short-circuit faults in larges alternators.In a second time, a temperature estimation method is proposed based on observations concerning variations in material characteristics of windings as temperature increases. Thus, the localizations of impedance resonant frequencies are impacted, which was verified experimentally as well.This thesis work allowed to verify diagnostic feasibility and on-line monitoring methods in rotating machines in a non-invasive way in industrial environments
Boutayeb, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'estimation de l'état et des paramètres des systèmes singuliers : application au diagnostic." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10004.
Full textAit, Ladel Ayyoub. "Commande tolérante aux défauts des systèmes à multimodèles : application à des systèmes à multi-source d'énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/220330_AITLADEL_882kmyqu655hkbca383zrkcz402ihwf_TH.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the fault detection/estimation and fault-tolerant control challenges through integrated design. The aim is to design control strategies able to maintain robust and acceptable performance even in the presence of faults. The considered systems are dynamic in nature and are multi-model. The approaches proposed in this thesis consist in formalizing the integrated design of the detection/estimation and fault-tolerant control units in the form of linear matrix inequalities to overcome the difficulty posed by the observer/controller coupling. These approaches provide the ability to consider the different interactions between the system, the detection/estimation unit, and the control unit. Therefore, ensuring a global stability analysis of the closed-loop system and robust performances in terms of detection/estimation, control, and fault compensation. The thesis is mainly composed of three parts. In the first part, results on the control in the presence of sensor or actuator faults are established for switched linear systems. In the second part, extensions to switched nonlinear systems with sensor and actuator faults are proposed. Finally, the third part consists of a complete study of a renewable energy system. It is a multi-source/multi-load system designed to meet multiple demands and is subject to the intermittency of renewable energies
Vu, Dinh Toan. "Unification du système de hauteur et estimation de la structure lithosphérique sous le Vietnam utilisant la modélisation du champ de gravité et du quasigéoïde à haute résolution." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30050.
Full textThe goal of this work was twofold. The first part was devoted to the research of the size and physical shape of the Earth in Vietnam through the determination of a local gravimetric quasigeoid model. The second part was to better constrain the Earth's interior structure beneath Vietnam by determining the Moho and Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) depth models. For the first objective, a high-resolution gravimetric quasigeoid model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on new land gravity data in combination with fill-in data where no gravity data existed. The resulting quasigeoid model was evaluated using 812 GNSS/levelling points in the study region. This comparison indicates that the quasigeoid model has a standard deviation of 9.7 cm and 50 cm in mean bias. This new local quasigeoid model for Vietnam represents a significant improvement over the global models EIGEN-6C4 and EGM2008, which have standard deviations of 19.2 and 29.1 cm, respectively, when compared to the GNSS/levelling data. An essential societal and engineering application of the gravimetric quasigeoid is in GNSS levelling, and a vertical offset model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on the GNSS/levelling points and gravimetric-only quasigeoid model for this purpose. The offset model was evaluated using cross-validation technique by comparing with GNSS/levelling data. Results indicate that the offset model has a standard deviation of 5.9 cm in the absolute sense. Thanks to this offset model, GNSS levelling can be carried out over most of Vietnam's territory complying to third-order levelling requirements, while the accuracy requirements for fourth-order levelling networks is met for the entire country. To unify the height system towards the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF), the zero-height geopotential value for the Vietnam Local Vertical Datum W_0^LVD was determined based on two approaches: 1) Using high-quality GNSS/levelling data and the estimated gravimetric quasigeoid model, 2) Using the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP) approach based on the GOCE global gravity field model enhanced with terrestrial gravity data. This geopotential value can be used to connect the height system of Vietnam with the neighboring countries. Moreover, the GBVP approach was also used for direct determination of the gravity potential on the surface at three GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) stations at epoch 2018.0 in Vietnam. Based on time series of the vertical component derived from these GNSS observations as well as InSAR data, temporal variations in the geopotential were also estimated on these permanent GNSS stations. This enables monitoring of the vertical datum and detect possible deformation. These stations may thus contribute to increase the density of reference points in the IHRF for this region. For the second objective, the local quasigeoid model was first converted to the geoid. Then, high-resolution Moho and LAB depth models were determined beneath Vietnam based on the local isostatic hypothesis using the geoid height derived from the estimated geoid, elevation data and thermal analysis. From new land gravity data, a complete grid and map of gravity anomalies i.e., Free-air, Bouguer and Isostatic was determined for the whole of Vietnam. The Moho depth was also computed based on the gravity inversion using the Bouguer gravity anomaly grid. All new models are computed at 1' resolution. The resulting Moho and LAB depth models were evaluated using available seismic data as well as global and local lithospheric models available in the study region. [...]
El, Bouchikhi El Houssin. "Sur l'estimation spectrale paramétrique pour la détection des défauts dans les machines asynchrones en environnements stationnaire et non stationnaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019643.
Full textGohorianu, Gina. "Interactions entre les défauts d'usinage et la tenue en matage d'assemblages boulonnés en carbone/epoxy." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/248/.
Full textThe aim of this study is to show the relationship between drilling defects and bearing behaviour of carbon/epoxy bolted joints. The first part of the study shows the effects of drilling conditions on the size and the shape of defects generated in carbon/epoxy quasi-isotropic laminates. For all the drilling conditions tested, higher feed speed increases the size of defects (delaminations, chip-out of fibres and matrix, circularity defects. . . ). In the second part, quasi-static tensile tests were performed on hybrid bolted joints (metal/composite/metal). Various test configurations showed that drilling defects can significantly reduce the bearing strengths of bolt-loaded and pin-loaded laminates. Experimental results also showed that the bolt clamping force considerably increases the bearing strength of composite laminates. From microscopic observations it was found that bearing damage mechanism is governed by fiber micro-buckling, matrix cracking and delaminations. A bearing failure criterion based on fibres compressive failure has been proposed. The last part of the study presents the 3D finite elements modelling of composite bolt-loaded and pin-loaded joints
Rahme, Sandy. "Détection et estimation d'anomalies dans un réseau de communication." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667420.
Full textRahme, Sandy. "Détection et estimation d'anomalies dans un réseau de communication." Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1589/.
Full textThe supervision domain particularly the anomaly detectionrepresents an important aspect of guaranteeing a Quality of Serviceto communication networks. A wide variety of disruptions designated as anomalies are often related to physical or technical problems such as power or file server failures, abrupt changes caused by legitimate traffic such as network congestion or flash crowds, and risky illegitimate behavior such as Denial-of-Service and Distributed Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) attacks. We address the problem of anomalies detection and reconstruction in TCP/IP model based on control theory techniques. These anomalies are considered as fault signals in the mathematical model adopted for representing TCP/IP dynamics. For faults detection and according to our knowledge of the faults variations, the observers may be classified into known or unknown input observers. Our first contribution in terms of conceiving known input observers is limited to polynomial forms able to cover a wide range of anomalies. The anomaly and its derivatives are reconstructed by Luenberger observersafter introducing them in the state space of the system. The construction of these latter observers is limited in terms of specific anomaly profiles and constrained by the polynomial degree associated to the anomaly. Therefore, another detection approach dealing with completely unknown anomalies is proposed. The sliding modes first and higher orders are investigated to guarantee finite time convergence and robustness against parametric uncertainties and faults. Our proposals have been studied analytically by validating via Matlab/Simulinkand the Network SimulatorNS-2. Furthermore, in the context of NS-2, these approaches are integrated into a module for replaying traffic traces in order to test them on a TCP traffic captured in real environment
Vela, Valdes Luis Gerardo. "Etude et élaboration d'une approche fonctionnelle pour la localisation de défauts en diagnostic : application à la simulation d'un moteur à courant continu." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10221.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the development of a functional approach in the fault diagnostic field. This approach is based on the classIfication of knowledge about the system in order to detect and isolate faults with respect to the principal characteristics in the behavior of the system. The objective of this work is to end at a best knowledge specification and utilization of abilities and tools in order to increase the quantity of isolated faults. The functional approach in diagnostic is based on the function. This approach is used in order to isolate the faults that have same signatures. The principal characteristics of parity space, observers and parameter estimation are classified using an ontological model. The function, in the ontological model frame, let to interpret otherwise the knowledge contents in residuals and signatures. This interpretation is based on the definition and. Specification of a generic frame using a structural, behavioral and functional analysis of residual generation, residual evaluation and decision tasks. The proposed approach is used on a simulated application concerning a D. C. Motor in open and closed loop, in order to detect and isolate sensor, actuator and component faults which have the same signatures. The contribution of this work is placed on the intersection of two fields: artificial intelligence and automatic control
Tran, Tuan Anh. "Cadre unifié pour la modélisation des incertitudes statistiques et bornées : application à la détection et isolation de défauts dans les systèmes dynamiques incertains par estimation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30292/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with state estimation in discrete-time dynamic systems in the context of the integration of statistical and bounded error uncertainties. Motivated by the drawbacks of the interval Kalman filter (IKF) and its improvement (iIKF), we propose a filtering algorithm for linear systems subject to uncertain Gaussian noises, i.e. with the mean and covariance matrix defined by their membership to intervals. This new interval Kalman filter (UBIKF) relies on finding a punctual gain matrix minimizing an upper bound of the set of estimation error covariance matrices by respecting the bounds of the parametric uncertainties. An envelope containing all possible estimates is then determined using interval analysis. The UBIKF reduces not only the computational complexity of the set inversion of the matrices intervals appearing in the iIKF, but also the conservatism of the estimates. We then discuss different frameworks for representing incomplete or imprecise knowledge, including the cumulative distribution functions, the possibility theory and the theory of belief functions. Thanks to the last, a model in the form of a mass function for an uncertain multivariate Gaussian distribution is proposed. A box particle filter based on this theory is developed for non-linear dynamic systems in which the process noises are bounded and the measurement errors are represented by an uncertain Gaussian mass function. Finally, the UBIKF is applied to fault detection and isolation by implementing the generalized observer scheme and structural analysis. Through various examples, the capacity for detecting and isolating sensor/actuator faults of this tool is illustrated and compared to other approaches
Zhang, Xiaoxia. "Incipient anomaly detection and estimation for complex system health monitoring." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG025.
Full textIncipient fault detection and diagnosis in engineering and multivariate industrial systems with a high-level noise are addressed in this Ph.D. thesis by a ’global’ non-parametric statistical approach. An incipient fault is supposed to induce an abnormal change in the measured value of the system variable. However, such change is weak, and it tends not to cause obvious changes in the signal distribution’s parameters. Especially in high noise level environment, the weak fault feature can be masked by the noise and becomes unpredictable. In such a condition, using traditional parametric-based methods generally fails in the fault detection. To cope with incipient fault detection and diagnosis, a ’global’ approach that can consider the total faults signature is needed. The incipient fault detection can be obtained by measuring the differences between the signal distributions before and after the fault occurrence. Some distribution-based ’global’ methods have been proposed, however, the detection capabilities of these existed approaches in high noise level environment should be improved. In this context, Jensen-Shannon divergence is considered a ’global’ fault indicator to deal with the incipient fault detection and diagnosis in a high noise level environment. Its detection performance for small abnormal variations hidden in noise is validated through simulation. In addition, the fault estimation problem is also considered in this work. A theoretical fault severity estimation model depending on the divergence value for the Gaussian condition is derived. The accuracy of the estimation model is evaluated on numerical models through simulations. Then, the ’global’ statistical approach is applied to two applications in engineering. The first one relates to non- destruction incipient cracks detection. The Jensen-Shannon divergence combined with Noisy Independent Component Analysis and Wavelet analysis was applied for detection and characterization of minor cracks in conductive structures with high-level perturbations based on experimental impedance signals. The second application addresses the incipient fault diagnosis in a multivariate non-linear process with a high-level noise. Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) is one typical multivariate non-linear process, the Jensen-Shannon divergence in the Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is developed for coping with incipient fault detection in this process
Baboulin, Marc. "Résolution de problèmes de moindres carrés linéaires denses de grande taille sur des calculateurs parallèles distribués : application au calcul de champ de gravité terrestre." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000253/.
Full textIn this thesis, we present our research in high performance scientific computing for linear least squares. More precisely we are concerned with developing efficient parallel software that can solve very large dense linear least squares problems and with providing numerical tools that can assess the quality of the solution. This thesis is also a contribution to the GOCE3 mission that strives for a very accurate model of the Earth's gravity field. This satellite is scheduled for launch in 2007 and in this respect, our work represents a step in the definition of algorithms for the project. We present an overview of the numerical strategies that can be used for updating the solution with new observations coming from GOCE mesurements. Then we describe a parallel distributed solver that we implemented in order to be used in the CNES4 software package for orbit determination and gravity field computation. This solver compares well in terms of performance with the standard parallel libraries ScaLAPACK and PLAPACK on the operational platforms used in the space industry while saving about half the memory, thanks to taking into account the symmetry of the problem. In order to improve the scalability and the portability of our solver, we define a packed distributed format that is based on ScaLAPACK kernel routines. This approach is a significant improvement since there is no packed distributed format available for symmetric or triangular matrices in the existing dense parallel libraries. Examples are given for the Cholesky factorization and for the updating of a QR factorization. This format can easily be extended to other linear algebra calculations. This thesis also contains new results in the area of sensitivity analysis for linear least squares resulting from parameter estimation problems. Specifically we provide a closed formula, bounds of correct order of magnitude and also statistical estimates that enable us to evaluate the condition number of linear functionals of least squares solution. The choice between the different expressions will depend on the problem size and on the desired level of accuracy
Fragkoulis, Dimitrios. "Détection et localisation des défauts provenant des capteurs et des actionneurs : application sur un système non linéaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339630.
Full textSeydou, Hassane Ramatou. "Contribution au développement des techniques ensemblistes pour l’estimation de l’état et des entrées des systèmes à temps continu : application à la détection de défauts." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14669/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of a dynamical system observation and the estimation of its characteristic variables; the latter point constitutes the core element in many engineering science fields. The final aim is to build a general framework for integrity control and fault detection of such systems within a bounded error context. The developments offered herein make use of parity relations, sliding mode differentiators, interval observers and constraint satisfaction problems. Input reconstruction techniques are developed for a general class of nonlinear continuous-time systems. Domains are reconstructed for the input values which are consistent with the measurements using interval analysis and constraint satisfaction techniques. It is shown that time-varying or invariant coordinate changes may relax the applicability conditions (stability/cooperativity) of the interval observer design methods. Sliding mode differentiators were also used to enhance interval observer accuracy. The proposed approaches are illustrated through computer simulations and they have been applied to aircraft servo loop control surface for robust and early detection of abnormal positions
Ichalal, Dalil. "Estimation et diagnostic de systèmes non linéaires décrits par un modèle de Takagi-Sugeno." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454793.
Full textAbdellatif, Meriem. "Continuité de service des entraînements électriques pour une machine à induction alimentée par le stator et le rotor en présence de défauts capteurs." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0107/document.
Full textThe development of closed loop controls for electrical drives requires the sensor installations in order to get feed back information. Nevertheless, any occurred sensor fault (current sensor,speed/position sensor,…) shows an operation system deterioration which leads in most cases to its shut down. This consequence is in contrast to industrial expectations especially concerning the system high accuracy that they are asking for. Statistic studies point out the sensor faults as frequent. So, it is necessary to find out solutions ensuring the system service continuity in case of any sensor fault. Firstly, the study presented in this work shows the used sensor technologies in order to understand both of the reason and the kind of occurred faults. Secondly, the studied system is presented which is an electrical drive based on a Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) operating in motor mode and connected to the grid by two inverters. The control developed is a Direct Torque Control (DTC). The control validation, in healthy operating mode, is realised throw simulation and experimentally. After, a study considering alternative current sensor and speed/position sensor faults are achieved. The developed algorithms are based on signal estimation, on a Fault Detection Isolation (FDI) and reconfiguration algorithms. In fact, they are simple to carry out, they don't need much hardware resources for implementation and their execution time is short. Finally, the experimental validation of the developed algorithms shows their efficiency. The system continues working even in presence of a sensor fault. Thus, the obtained control becomes a fault tolerant control thanks to these algorithms
Jalid, Abdelilah. "Contribution à l'évaluation des incertitudes liées aux résultats de mesure tridimensionnelle." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-29.pdf.
Full textBlödt, Martin. "Condition Monitoring of Mechanical Faults in Variable Speed Induction Motor Drives - Application of Stator Current Time-FrequencyAnalysis and Parameter Estimation." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105482.
Full textSouami, Yani. "Tolérance aux Défaillances par Capteurs Virtuels : application aux Systèmes de Régulation d'un Turboréacteur." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0021/document.
Full textOver the years, market pressure has ensured that engine manufacturers invest in technology to provide clean, quiet, affordable, reliable, and efficient power. One of the last improvements is the introduction of virtual sensors that make use of non-like signals (analytical redundancy). This, is expected to improve weight, flight safety and availability. However, this new approach has not been widely investigated yet and needs further attention to remove its limitations for certificated applications.The concept of virtual sensors goes along with fault tolerance control strategies that help in limiting disruptions and maintenance costs. Indeed, a fault-tolerant control (FTC) scheme, allows for a leaner hardware structure without decreasing the safety of the system.We propose in this thesis work, to monitor through a passive FTC architecture, the Variables Geometries subsystems' of the engine: the VSV (Variable Stator Vane) and FMV (Fuel Metering Valve). A strong constrains, is not to change the parameters of the existing controllers. The approach named AVG-FTC (Variable Geometries Aircraft-Fault-Tolerant Control) is based on several cascaded sub-systems that allow to deal with the Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) model of the systems and modelling errors. The proposed FTC scheme uses a neural model of the sensor associated with a Takagi-Sugeno observer and a Neuronal Extended Kalman Filter Neural (NEKF) to account for those dynamics that cannot be explained with the LPV model to produce a real-time estimate of the monitored outputs. In case of sensor abnormality, the proposed virtual sensors can then be used as an arbitrator for sensor monitoring or as a healthy sensor used by the controller. To evaluate the approach, serval closed-loop simulations, on SNECMA jet-engine simulator have been performed. The results for distinct flight scenarios with different sensors faults have shown the capabilities of the approach in terms of stability and robustness
Omar, Oumayma. "Sur la résolution des problèmes inverses pour les systèmes dynamiques non linéaires. Application à l’électrolocation, à l’estimation d’état et au diagnostic des éoliennes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENT083/document.
Full textThis thesis mainly concerns the resolution of dynamic inverse problems involvingnonlinear dynamical systems. A set of techniques based on the use of trains of pastmeasurements saved on a sliding window was developed. First, the measurements areused to generate a family of graphical signatures, which is a classification tool, in orderto discriminate between different values of variables to be estimated for a given nonlinearsystem. This technique was applied to solve two problems : the electrolocationproblem of a robot with electrical sense and the problem of state estimation in nonlineardynamical systems. Besides these two applications, receding horizon inversion techniquesdedicated to the fault diagnosis problem of a wind turbine proposed as an internationalbenchmark were developed. These techniques are based on the minimization of quadraticcriteria based on knowledge-based models
Omar, Oumayma. "Sur la résolution des problèmes inverses pour les systèmes dynamiques non linéaires. Application à l'électrolocation, à l'estimation d'état et au diagnostic des éoliennes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872892.
Full textAmri, Mohamed-Hédi. "Fusion ensembliste de donn´ees pour la surveillance des personnes d´ependantes en habitat intelligent." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2030/document.
Full textOur research work is a part of the project FUI 14 FEDER Collectivités E-monitor’âge. This project takes place within the framework of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) which aims to improve the safety and the comfort of elderly people living in smart nursing homes. This work aims to monitor the activities of elderly persons using information from different sensors. The ADL (Activities of Daily Living) are used to evaluate the ability of the person to perform on their own a selection of the activities which are essential for an independent living in the everyday life. Generally, process knowledge and measurements coming from sensors are prone to indeterminable noise. In our work, we suppose that these errors are unknown but bounded. Taking into account this hypothesis, we show how to solve the estimation issue using set-membership computations techniques. Our algorithm, based on set-membership approach, consists of two steps. The prediction step, based on the use of a random walk mobility with minimum assumptions (maximum speed of moving), employs the previous state estimate to provide the prediction zone where the person may be located. The correction step uses the informations coming from the sensors to refine this predicted zone. This step uses a relaxed constraints propagation technique, q-relaxed intersection, to deal with faulty measurements. This proposed method allows us to compute the uncertainty domain for the reconstructed localization of moving targets as dealing with outliers
Rostaing, Gilles. "Diagnostic de défaut dans les entrainements électriques." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0029.
Full textThis thesis deals with sorne methods for improve reliability in electrotechnical devices. The proposed methods are based on analytical redondancy. An approach using astate estimation is developped in order to detect failures on a statie converter-fed DC motor on wich we considered sensor faults and power electronic failures. Chapter II deal with parallel state model and propose two sort of these : "global" and "decoupled~~ model. The second one allowed a good fault detection and localization but was disturbed by load torque variations. Robustness of this model with respect to parameter variations is discussed and results of simulation are shown. Chapter III present an approach to be robust against disturbances : using an Unknown Input Observer. UIFDO allowed good results in term of disturbance decoupling with respect of a good fault detection. This work conclue on the capability of analytical redondancy to detect and localize faults on electric drives