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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Establishment of trees

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Academic literature on the topic 'Establishment of trees'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Establishment of trees"

1

Roger Harris, J. "THE ESTABLISHMENT OF LANDSCAPE TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 504 (October 1999): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1999.504.7.

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Earp, Morgan, Daniell Toth, Polly Phipps, and Charlotte Oslund. "Assessing Nonresponse in a Longitudinal Establishment Survey Using Regression Trees." Journal of Official Statistics 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 463–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2018-0021.

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Abstract This article introduces and discusses a method for conducting an analysis of nonresponse for a longitudinal establishment survey using regression trees. The methodology consists of three parts: analysis during the frame refinement and enrollment phases, common in longitudinal surveys; analysis of the effect of time on response rates during data collection; and analysis of the potential for nonresponse bias. For all three analyses, regression tree models are used to identify establishment characteristics and subgroups of establishments that represent vulnerabilities during the data collection process. This information could be used to direct additional resources to collecting data from identified establishments in order to improve the response rate.

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Obreza, T. A. "Program Fertilization for Establishment of Orange Trees." Journal of Production Agriculture 6, no. 4 (October 1993): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1993.0546.

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Hutchings, T. R. "THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TREES ON CONTAMINATED LAND." Arboricultural Journal 26, no. 4 (December 2002): 359–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2002.9747350.

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Gilman, Edward F., and Richard C. Beeson. "Production Method Affects Tree Establishment in the Landscape." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-14.2.81.

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Abstract Trunk growth rates one year after transplanting 5 cm (2 in) caliper laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia Michx.) from above-ground plastic containers, from in-ground fabric containers or from the field (B&B) matched or exceeded growth rates before transplanting. Growth rates for all three treatments were similar seven months after transplanting. Shoots on field-grown trees grew more in the first year after transplanting than those from fabric or plastic containers. Roots removed at the time of digging were completely replaced on field and fabric container trees six months after transplanting. One year after transplanting, roots occupied the same soil volume as just prior to transplanting. Trees from plastic containers regenerated roots slower than B&B trees or those from fabric containers. When irrigation frequency was reduced 14 weeks after transplanting (WAT), trees from plastic containers were water stressed more (had more negative xylem potential) than B&B or fabric container trees. Growth rates of East Palatka holly (Ilex × attenuata Ashe. ‘East Palatka’) responded similarly to laurel oak; however hollies took longer to establish roots into landscape soil and took longer for the trunk growth rate to match that on trees prior to transplanting.

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Watson, W. Todd. "Influence of Tree Size on Transplant Establishment and Growth." HortTechnology 15, no. 1 (January 2005): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0118.

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Studies have demonstrated that the size of transplanted trees has a measurable impact on establishment rates in the landscape. Larger trees require a longer period of time than smaller trees to produce a root system comparable in spatial distribution to similar sized non-transplanted trees. This lag in redevelopment of root system architecture results in reduced growth that increases with transplant size. Research has demonstrated that smaller transplanted trees become established more quickly and ultimately result in larger trees in the landscape in a few years. Additional studies dispute these findings. This paper provides a review of current research on the effect of tree size on transplant establishment.

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Tetsumura, Takuya, Hisajiro Yukinaga, and Ryutaro Tao. "Early Field Performance of Micropropagated Japanese Persimmon Trees." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.751.

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Growth of micropropagated Japanese persimmon trees (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Nishimurawase) during the initial 3 years after field establishment was compared with that of grafted trees on seedling stocks. Judging from the mean length of annual shoots per tree and the yearly increases in height, trunk diameter, and top and root dry mass, the grafted trees on seedling stocks grew poorly during the first and second growing seasons, while micropropagated trees, raised in an outdoor nursery, developed poorly only during the first growing season. In contrast, micropropagated trees raised in pots fared well soon after field establishment. These trees had more fine than middle and large roots; in contrast, grafted trees on seedling stocks had one large taproot, which died back to some extent after field establishment, with few fine roots.

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Scott, Michael L., Jonathan M. Friedman, and Gregor T. Auble. "Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees." Geomorphology 14, no. 4 (January 1996): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(95)00046-8.

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Kelly, C. K., and A. Purvis. "Seed size and establishment conditions in tropical trees." Oecologia 94, no. 3 (June 1993): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00317109.

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Glenn, D. M., and W. V. Welker. "Sod Competition in Peach Production: II. Establishment Beneath Mature Trees." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, no. 4 (July 1996): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.4.670.

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Planting sod beneath peach trees (Prunus persica) to control excessive vegetative growth was evaluated from 1987 to 1993 in three field studies. Peach trees were established and maintained in 2.5-m-wide vegetation-free strips for 3 years, and then sod was planted beneath the trees and maintained for 5 to 7 years. Reducing the vegetation-free area beneath established peach trees to a 30- or 60-cm-wide herbicide strip with three grass species (Festuca arundinacae, Festuca rubra, Poa trivialis), reduced total pruning weight/tree in 5 of 16 study-years and weight of canopy suckers in 6 of 7 study-years, while increasing light penetration into the canopy. Fruit yield was reduced by planting sod beneath peach trees in 5 of 18 study-years; however, yield efficiency of total fruit and large fruit (kg yield/cm2 trunk area) were not reduced in one study and in only 1 year in the other two studies. Planting sod beneath peach trees increased available soil water content in all years, and yield efficiency based on evapotranspiration (kg yield/cm soil water use plus precipitation) was the same or greater for trees with sod compared to the 2.5-m-wide herbicide strip. Planting sod beneath peach trees has the potential to increase light penetration into the canopy and may be appropriate for high-density peach production systems where small, efficient trees are needed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Establishment of trees"

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Walmesley, Timothy James. "Factors influencing the establishment of amenity trees." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237509.

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Yeung, Ka-ming. "The establishment and survival of roadside trees in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13474583.

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Yeung, Ka-ming, and 楊家明. "The establishment and survival of roadside trees in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233326.

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Bryan, Donita Lynn. "Influence of planting depth on landscape establishment of container-grown trees." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3179.

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Thuesen, Kevin (Kevin Andrew). "The Effects of Organic Surface Amendments on Soil Nutrients and Initial Tree Establishment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277585/.

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This study examined the effects of replicating woodland soil surface horizonation on the nutrient status of underlying soils and the initial establishment and growth of trees. A total of 283 container grown trees were planted in a bufferzone around a future landfill site. Control amendments consisted of an 8 cm layer (0.5 m3) of wood chips applied in a circular area of 4.6 m2 around the trees' planting pit. For the treatment, a 2.5 cm layer of composted biosolids (0.15 m3 or 80 Mg/ha) was applied in a circular area of 4.6 m2 around the trees' planting pit followed by an 8 cm layer (0.5 m3) of wood chips. The results indicate that the replication of woodland soil surface attributes using composted biosolids can significantly improve the nutrient status of underlying soil. Some significant effects were seen under control conditions, too. However, the effects on tree establishment and growth parameters were, for the most part, not statistically significant.

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Hau, Chi-hang. "The establishment and survival of native trees on degraded hillsides in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21827400.

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Bellett-Travers, David Marcus. "Water relations and soil moisture requirements of transplanted amenity trees during establishment." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251544.

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Hau, Chi-hang, and 侯智恆. "The establishment and survival of native trees on degraded hillsides in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29799612.

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Wells, E. Doyle. "The establishment and early growth of trees planted on drained peatlands in Newfoundland, Canada." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295584.

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One part of the afforestation programme consisted of the establishment of an afforestation trial on a bog and fen site in central Newfoundland to determine growth and nutrient response of newly-planted black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and eastern larch (Larix laricina ((Du Roi) K.Koch). The experimental design was a split-split-plot consisting of surface treatments (untilled, tilled) as main-plot treatments, fertilization (unfertilized, PK) as split-plot treatments and four ditch spacings ( 3 m, 5 m, 7 m, and 15 m) as split-split-plot treatments. A total of 3,960 25-week old container seedlings of each species were planted on each site at spacings of 0.50 m in rows of nine trees, each row being situated at a distance of 1.0 m apart. Surfaces were tilled at 0-200 mm depth using a farm rotovater attached to the back of a tractor. Ditches were made at depths of 0.50-0.75 m with a Dondi ditcher attached to the back of a tractor, and fertilizers were broadcast at the rate of 60 kg/ha P and 50 kg/ha K. The second part of the afforestation programme was a refertilization trial of 1) Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Seib and Zucc.) and black spruce trees planted on Stephenville bog in western Newfoundland in 1968; and 2) black spruce, white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) planted on Millertown fen in central Newfoundland in 1973. Both sites had been ploughed with a Parkgate-Tyne plough at 1.8 m spacings 1-2 years prior to planting. Following planting of the Stephenville site in 1968, the black spruce and Japanese larch were spot-fertilized (around each tree) with a top-dressing of 57 g of ground mineral rock phosphate. This procedure was repeated in 1970 with 128 g of a mixture of phosphate and potassium (20% P₂O₂, 20% K₂O). On the Millertown site, all trees were spot-fertilized in 1973 with a mixture of 71 g urea, 99 g rock phosphate and 41 g potassium sulfate.

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Witmer, Robert K. "Water Use of Landscape Trees During Pot-In-Pot Production and During Establishment in the Landscape." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30199.

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Water conservation and pollution concerns from nutrient runoff will very likely dictate precise irrigation regimes for nursery managers in Virginia. Maximum plant growth with minimum input of water and fertilizer is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, water use and growth of red and sugar maple (Acer rubrum L. 'Franksred' and Acer saccharum Marsh.) were studied during two years of pot-in-pot (P+P) production and during three years after transplanting to field soil. Three major experiments were completed. The first experiment studied the effect of frequent irrigation (three-times-a-day) versus standard once-a-day irrigation and found that frequent irrigation increased trunk diameter growth of sugar maples in the second production cycle and for red maples in both production cycles. Height growth of neither species was affected by frequent irrigation. A study of sap flow pattern indicated that late day water stress of red maples was partially alleviated by frequent irrigation. In the second experiment, red and sugar maples were transplanted to field soil after one (1-yr) or two (2-yr) years of P+P production. Irrigation frequency requirement decreased as the trees grew and depended on environmental conditions, size at planting, source of water (rainfall versus irrigation) and species. Height and trunk diameter of 1-yr red maple was equal to that of 2-yr trees after only one year. Height and trunk diameter differences between 1-yr and 2-yr sugar maple trees persisted three years after transplanting. In the third experiment water use of 1-yr and 2-yr red and sugar maple while in P+P production was investigated. Four models of daily water-use were developed. A simple model that is suitable for growers includes species, trunk cross-sectional area (BA) and air temperature (TA) observations. An environmental model was developed using the Penman-van Bavel estimate of evapotranspiration (ET). ET required modifications based on tree characteristics, air temperature, windspeed and relative humidity to be an effective predictor of water-use. A complex model was based on a sine-cosine function of day-of-the-year. This model fits water-use data well for each species and production cycle and includes BA, ET and TA. An alternate simpler model requires only day-of-the-year, TA and BA, offering growers a relatively simple and accurate model of water use.
Ph. D.

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Books on the topic "Establishment of trees"

1

Davies, R. J. Trees and weeds: Weed control for successful tree establishment. London: H.M.S.O., 1987.

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2

Upton, David. Planting and Establishment of Tropical Trees. London: Commonwealth Secretariat, 2008.

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Establishment and maintenance of landscape plants. Stillwater, Okla: Lacebark Publications, 1987.

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Whitcomb, Carl E. Landscape plant production, establishment, and maintenance. Stillwater, Okla: Lacebark Publications, 1986.

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Schein, Richard D. Street trees: A manual for municipalities : a comprehensive but simple guide to the establishment and maintenance of shade trees on the streets of small towns and cities. State College, Pa: Tree Works, 1993.

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Sutton, R. F. Plantation establishment in boreal Ontario: A study of spring planting and mechanization. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1987.

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Zhou, S. Establishment of trees in the subsidence trough filled with fly ash in Huaibei mining areas. S.l: s.n, 1993.

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8

J, Moffat A., and Great Britain. Dept. of the Environment., eds. The potential for woodland establishment on landfill sites. London: H.M.S.O., 1993.

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9

Wood, J. E. Silvicultural treatments for black spruce establishment in boreal Ontario: Effect of weed control, stock type, and planting season. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1995.

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10

Joint Council for Landscape Industries., ed. Trees and shrubs for landscape planting: A list of trees, shrubs and other woody plants, prepared by the Committee on Plant Supply and Establishment (CPSE) on behalf of the Joint Council for Landscape Industries (JCLI). [London]: Landscape Institute on behalf of the Joint Council for Landscape Industries, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Establishment of trees"

1

Wittmann, Astrid de Oliveira, Aline Lopes, Auristela Dos Santos Conserva, Florian Wittmann, and Maria T. F. Piedade. "Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment of Amazonian Floodplain Trees." In Ecological Studies, 259–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8725-6_13.

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Ballester, A., M. C. Sánchez, M. C. San-José, F. J. Vieitez, and A. M. Vieitez. "Development of Rejuvenation Methods for in Vitro Establishment, Multiplication and Rooting of Mature Trees." In Plant Aging, 43–49. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5760-5_6.

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Mark, P., and S. Ashton. "Establishment and early growth of advance regeneration of canopy trees in moist mixed-species forest." In The Ecology and Silviculture of Mixed-Species Forests, 101–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8052-6_7.

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Hill, Martin P., and Julie A. Coetzee. "How can progress in the understanding of antagonistic interactions be applied to improve biological control of plant invasions?" In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 363–76. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0363.

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Abstract Classical biological control has been used as a management tool for invasive non-native plant species globally for over 200 years. There have been some very successful programmes, most notably on waterweeds, cacti and seed reduction in perennial trees. Seventy per cent of agents released have established in at least one instance, and 66% of the targeted invasive species have showed some level of control. However, some programmes have failed to meet expectations, for example on Lantana camara. The most commonly cited reasons for the failure of establishment or limited efficacy of biological control agents are unsuitable climatic conditions and genotype incompatibility. We propose that antagonistic biotic interactions play a significant role in the outcomes of weed biological control programmes. Induced plant defences (physical and chemical) that can be mounted rapidly by the invasive non-native plants can result in the reduction in agent populations after initial attack. Rapid induction of plant defences have been implicated in the lack of long-term establishment of the agent Falconia intermedia that showed great initial promise against the widespread invasive shrub L. camara. Host range expansion by native natural enemies onto biological control agents have also been shown to reduce population growth of agents. Finally, competition from indigenous plant species aids invasive alien plant population reduction in the presence of herbivory. All three factors have been poorly studied and further work is needed to better explain the outcomes of weed biological control programmes.

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Goodwin, Duncan. "Tree planting and establishment: technical design." In The Urban Tree, 141–70. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY : Rochester, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315266169-6.

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Krasowski, Marek J., and David G. Simpson. "Frost-Related Problems in the Establishment of Coniferous Forests." In Tree Physiology, 253–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9650-3_10.

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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "Orchard establishment and production." In Sweet cherries, 116–64. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0116.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on designing the orchard, site preparation, orchard structures, nursery tree source selection, successful pollination, planting and the use of plant growth regulators in cherry production.

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Ferrara, G., M. Palasciano, A. Sarkhosh, F. Cossio, K. D. Babu, and A. Mazzeo. "Orchard establishment and tree management." In The pomegranate: botany, production and uses, 247–84. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240764.0247.

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Habte, M., S. C. Miyasaka, and D. T. Matsuyama. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve early forest-tree establishment." In Plant Nutrition, 644–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_312.

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Guerrido, Claudia M., Ricardo Villalba, Mariano M. Amoroso, and Milagros Rodríguez-Catón. "Patterns of Tree Establishment Following Glacier-Induced Floods in Southern Patagonia." In Latin American Dendroecology, 225–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36930-9_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Establishment of trees"

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Zhaoquan, Gao, Li Zhiqiang, and Chen Jihu. "Stomatal Conductance Model Establishment and Simulation for Potted Apple Trees under Drought Stress." In 2017 9th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2017.0083.

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Amar, Haddad, Redjaimia L. ilia, Kadi Zahia, Rached-Kanouni Malika, and Kara Karima. "ASSESSING THE HEALTH OF THE CHETTABA FOREST (ALGERIA)." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/01.

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The establishment and interpretation of diameter and height structures are essential for forest management decisions. This study aims to describe the diameter structure and spatial distribution of Pinus halpensis populations in the Chettaba state forest (Constantine, Algeria). The knowledge of these parameters is an essential step for their sustainable management. The diameter at 1.30 m from the ground and the total height of P. halpensis individuals were measured on 6 plots along an altitudinal gradient. The height structure shows that trees in the height classes between 5 and 10m have a very high density, indicating low natural regeneration. The total structure indicates that smaller trees are more abundant than larger trees (17.5<d≤27.5cm). These results contribute to the improvement of knowledge on current condition indicators of natural Pinus halpensis stands that can be used as a basis in the management of Chettaba forest

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Boutheyna, Touafchia, Kadi Zahia, Redjaimia Lilia, Rached-Kanouni Malika, and Zerrouki Alia. "CHARACTERISATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE DECLINE OF THE OULED BECHIH FOREST (ALGERIA)." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b2/v3/03.

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The establishment of the state of the massif by a diagnosis on different forest plots is part of a project of monitoring and silvicultural management. The purpose of this study is to assess the health status of the Ouled Bechih forest. The methodology used was the visual assessment of the tree crown of the dominant species (i.e. Quercus suber and Quercus canariensis) according to the protocols DEPEFEU, DEPERIS and ICP Forests. These protocols were selected for adoption based on field observations and their applicability in record time. The results obtained indicate that the health status of the trees within the studied plots is declining. The DEPEFEU value index shows an average of 1.75 for Quercus suber and 2.6 for Quercus canariensis while the DEPERIS has an average level of 2.36 Q. suber in and 3.37 in Q. canariensis. ICP Forests has also contributed to providing clearer information on the consequences of this health situation by deducting an average visibility rate of 1.20 and 2.63; social status of 1.17 and 3.11 and competition of 1.11 and 2.49 for Q. suber and Q. canariensis respectively. In general, the health status of the tree crown is average and almost adapted to the environmental conditions. In contrast, the carrying capacity of biodiversity is low and needs to be improved.

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Saridakis, K. M., and A. J. Dentsoras. "Resolving the Complexity of Functional Representation in Design: A Transition From Computational Relationships to Performance Hierarchical Trees." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58164.

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In the present paper, a method is presented based on the exploitation of the computational relationships among design entities in order to obtain valuable design knowledge concerning the performance and the function of the designed object (artifact, product, machine, etc.). The approach is applicable for most of the design problems and may be used in the design cases where the design problem under consideration can be formally decomposed and expressed in terms of design entities and associative relationships among them. The design knowledge is represented through different hierarchical tree types corresponding to the physical, computational and performance domains. The representation of the design knowledge in terms of computational relationships instead of terms of functional relationships is more convenient and flexible. Design modeling becomes simpler and more direct by assigning values to generic performance variables instead of defining and quantifying functional requirements, the design analysis resolution is adjustable and both the establishment and the categorization of computational operators into classes of sensitivity provide the ability of efficiently surveying and manipulating the relationships in case of value variations. The proposed method is applied to an example case of a conveyor’s design. Some remarks and a reference to future work conclude the paper.

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Daugaviete, Mudrite, Galina Telysheva, Ojars Polis, Ausma Korica, and Kaspars Spalvis. "Plantation forests as regional strength for development of rural bioeconomy." In 21st International Scientific Conference "Economic Science for Rural Development 2020". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2020.53.001.

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The establishment of plantation forests in areas not viable for agriculture can make a significant contribution to the economy. The yield from 1 ha of plantation forest depends on the management purpose - obtaining of round wood (pulpwood, sawnlog, veneer log, tare), bioenergy and extraction of tree foliage (broadleaved and coniferous). In Latvia, based on 2019 data, plantation forests achieve 2760 ha of Scots pine, 7855 ha of Norway spruce, 7431 ha of Birch, 2123 ha of Grey alder, 1274 ha of Black alder and Populus spp. and 618 ha of Salix spp. Estimated and projected gains are calculated both as round wood over 20 to 50 years: pine - 410-to 994 thou. m3; spruce, - 335 to 2.906 thou. m3, birch - 1.040 -2.452 thou. m3. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain gross income from the whole plantation forest area in Latvia: pine-12.42-63.8 mln. EUR; spruce - 40.1 -192.3 mln. EUR; for birch - 32.2 -202.7 mln. Eur. Additionally to that, 18.6 -21.6 t ha-1 and 24.0 -37.0 t ha-1 of processed foliage can be obtained from 1 ha of pine and spruce forest plantations (40-50 years old). Alnus incana sp. (5-20 years), yielding 19.65-122.65 thou. Solid m3 and Salix spp. (3-5 years), yielding 58.71-84.97 thou. solid m3, are used for energy production, furthermore Alnus spp. wood can be used than valuable raw material for plywood production. At the same time, it is possible to capture 106-1477 thou. tonnes of CO2 equivalent. Systematic investigations of chemical composition of above mentioned Latvian plantation trees, wood and bark, have shown that incorporation of extraction treatment in existing processing schemes will allow to manufacture high value added monomeric and oligomeric products which are of great demand for substitution of synthetic ones in different economy sectors (agriculture, including means for plant protection, food industry, polymer production, pharmacy etc.). Creation of small and medium-sized enterprises in rural region in close proximity to plantations opens the opportunity for the appearance of new working places, including organization of new nurseries, plantation services, private businesses for processing of various lignocellulosic waste into new special products / semi-products / feedstock for green industrial materials and chemicals, at the same time diminishing the logistics expenses.

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6

Bodei, Silvia. "La Fábrica verde de la Ciudad lineal industrial: una propuesta de Le Corbusier para el trabajo del hombre en la “época maquinista”." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.1128.

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Resumen: En Les trois établissements humains (1945) Le Corbusier, junto con el grupo ASCORAL, describe la fábrica verde como un establecimiento industrial organizado según “una biología de las circulaciones, de la composición de los edificios y de la eficiencia”, que “reinstala de nuevo las condiciones de la naturaleza alrededor del trabajo”. Son palabras importantes, que destacan algunos de los temas cruciales del pensamiento social de principios del siglo XX y sobre los cuales Le Corbusier reflexionó para crear nuevas soluciones arquitectónicas y urbanísticas. El artículo recorre sintéticamente estos aspectos del pensamiento de Le Corbusier a través de sus diferentes modelos urbanos, para detenerse en particular sobre la idea de Fábrica verde de la Ciudad lineal industrial, puesta en práctica en el proyecto de la fábrica de armas en Aubusson (1940), donde el verde, el paisaje, la circulación y los espacios están pensados con una idea de funcionamiento alternativa a la organización del trabajo, alejada de los ritmos mecánicos de la cadena de montaje. Esta concepción es alimentada por referencias culturales y arquitectónicas, entre las cuales figura el pensamiento del sindicalista obrero Hyacinthe Dubreuil, que Le Corbusier traduce en un proyecto para una fábrica que quiere conciliar el maquinismo funcional con la naturaleza a través de soluciones y relaciones compositivas “orgánicas” más que mecánicas. Abstract: In Les trois établissements humains (1945) Le Corbusier, with the ASCORAL group, describes the Green Factory as an industrial establishment organised according to « a biology of circulation, a composition of buildings and efficiency », that « newly reintroduces natural conditions around the workplace ». These are important words that highlight some crucial themes of the social thought of the XX century on which Le Corbusier had reflected a long time in order to create new architectural and urban solutions. The article traces and summarises these particular aspects of the architect's thought process through the different urban models of his studies, to then dwell especially on the idea of the Green Factory and the “linear industrial city ”, applied to the project for the arms factory in Aubusson (1940). Here trees, landscape, circulation and spaces give work a different and alternative meaning that is very distant to the mechanical rhythms of the production line. This concept is nurtured by cultural and architectural references, amongst which figures that of the trade unionist and factory worker Hyacinthe Dubreuil. Le Corbusier translates Dubreuil's thought in a project for a factory that wishes to conciliate functional machinism with nature, by using "organic" compositive solutions and relationships rather than mechanical ones. Palabras clave: establecimiento industrial, modelos urbanos, paisaje, espacios de trabajo. Keywords: industrial establishment, urban models, landscape, workspaces. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.1128

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Li Chaoling, Chen Yue, Zhang Xiaobo, and Wang Jun. "Research on establishment and dynamic adjustment of Macro Circuit Tree." In 2013 8th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccse.2013.6554033.

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Choi, Jin-Young, Joon-Sic Cho, Seon-Ho Park, and Tai-Myoung Chung. "A Clustering Method of Enhanced Tree Establishment in Wireless Sensor Networks." In 2008 10th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icact.2008.4493959.

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Zhu, Y., G. Jiang, and J. P. Jue. "Flow Aggregation and Light-Tree Establishment in Multicast-Capable Optical Networks." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2008.989.

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Wu, Qike, Xusheng Gan, Dengkai Yao, and Qianrui Sun. "Fault Tree Establishment of Flight Conflict Based on the HAZOP Method." In 2016 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmmct-16.2016.316.

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Reports on the topic "Establishment of trees"

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Falcon-Dvorsky, Ignacio. Warmer Conditions Favor Conifer Tree Establishment at the Muddy River Lahar in Mt. St. Helens, Washington. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7467.

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Berkowitz, Jacob. Quantifying functional increases across a large-scale wetland restoration chronosequence. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41500.

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Over 300,000 ha of forested wetlands have undergone restoration within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley region. Restored forest successional stage varies, providing opportunities to document wetland functional increases across a large-scale restoration chronosequence using the Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) approach. Results from >600 restored study sites spanning a 25-year chronosequence indicate that: 1) wetland functional assessment variables increased toward reference conditions; 2) restored wetlands generally follow expected recovery trajectories; and 3) wetland functions display significant improvements across the restoration chronosequence. A functional lag between restored areas and mature reference wetlands persists in most instances. However, a subset of restored sites have attained mature reference wetland conditions in areas approaching or exceeding tree diameter and canopy closure thresholds. Study results highlight the importance of site selection and the benefits of evaluating a suite of wetland functions in order to identify appropriate restoration success milestones and design monitoring programs. For example, wetland functions associated with detention of precipitation (a largely physical process) rapidly increased under post restoration conditions, while improvements in wetland habitat functions (associated with forest establishment and maturation) required additional time. As the wetland science community transitions towards larger scale restoration efforts, effectively quantifying restoration functional improvements will become increasingly important.

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