Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Est Europa'
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GUAGLIANO, CLAUDIA. "Accordi di integrazione regionale e investimenti diretti esteri: Unione Europea, Est Europa e Mediterraneo." Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11565/4050828.
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Massari, Saverio Francesco <1980>. "La Comunità Energetica del Sud Est Europa quale fattore di stabilità nell’area Balcanica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4990/1/Massari_Saverio_Francesco_tesi.pdf.
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Il lavoro cerca di valutare il possibile ruolo della Comunità Energetica del Sud Est Europa quale fattore di stabilita’ nell’area Balcanica. Il Trattato fondativo della Comunita’ assegna a questa l’obiettivo di condurre una cooperazione in campo energetico al fine diffondere istituzioni e normative condivise, quali elementi di superamento del conflitto: tuttavia, sono molti gli ostacoli posti su questo cammino sia di natura interna alla regione che esterna, per l’influenza di fattori e poteri internazionali interessati all’area.
Il processo di transizione in molti dei paesi del quadrante non e’ ancora concluso e molti sono i nodi politici successivi ai processi di disgregazione della Federazione Jugoslava ancora presenti e non risolti.
I progetti di corridoi energetici portati avanti dall’Unione Europea, Stati Uniti e Russia, concentrano sui Balcani un interesse sempre alto e tali attenzioni potrebbero influire sui processi d’area e sulle scelte politiche da compiersi.
Sullo sfondo di tutto cio’ un altro importante fattore contribuisce alle dinamiche in corso: la crisi economica ha fatto sentire la sua presenza anche nella regione balcanica e questo crea importanti squilibri che devono essere valutati alla luce di processi di cooperazione quale quello della Comunita’ Energetica.The aim of my thesis is to evaluate the possible role of the Energy Community South East Europe as a factor of stability in the Balkans. The founding Treaty gives to the Community the goal to create and improve the cooperation in energy field to promote shared norms and institutions, as elements to overcome the conflict period: however, there are many obstacles on this path since domestic and external factors, due to the influence of international powers interested in the area. Many Countries in the region have not concluded the transition process yet and there are many political problems following the processes of disintegration of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On the other hand, the European Union, United States and Russia, energy corridor projects planned in the region are focusing on the Balkans important interests on geo political point of view. These dynamics could affect the processes and policy choices in the area. The background of the whole scenario is another important factor that is contributing to the dynamics in progress: the economic crisis has shown its presence even in the Balkan region and this creates significant imbalances that need to be evaluated on the light of processes of cooperation such as the Energy Community .
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Massari, Saverio Francesco <1980>. "La Comunità Energetica del Sud Est Europa quale fattore di stabilità nell’area Balcanica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4990/.
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Il lavoro cerca di valutare il possibile ruolo della Comunità Energetica del Sud Est Europa quale fattore di stabilita’ nell’area Balcanica. Il Trattato fondativo della Comunita’ assegna a questa l’obiettivo di condurre una cooperazione in campo energetico al fine diffondere istituzioni e normative condivise, quali elementi di superamento del conflitto: tuttavia, sono molti gli ostacoli posti su questo cammino sia di natura interna alla regione che esterna, per l’influenza di fattori e poteri internazionali interessati all’area.
Il processo di transizione in molti dei paesi del quadrante non e’ ancora concluso e molti sono i nodi politici successivi ai processi di disgregazione della Federazione Jugoslava ancora presenti e non risolti.
I progetti di corridoi energetici portati avanti dall’Unione Europea, Stati Uniti e Russia, concentrano sui Balcani un interesse sempre alto e tali attenzioni potrebbero influire sui processi d’area e sulle scelte politiche da compiersi.
Sullo sfondo di tutto cio’ un altro importante fattore contribuisce alle dinamiche in corso: la crisi economica ha fatto sentire la sua presenza anche nella regione balcanica e questo crea importanti squilibri che devono essere valutati alla luce di processi di cooperazione quale quello della Comunita’ Energetica.The aim of my thesis is to evaluate the possible role of the Energy Community South East Europe as a factor of stability in the Balkans. The founding Treaty gives to the Community the goal to create and improve the cooperation in energy field to promote shared norms and institutions, as elements to overcome the conflict period: however, there are many obstacles on this path since domestic and external factors, due to the influence of international powers interested in the area. Many Countries in the region have not concluded the transition process yet and there are many political problems following the processes of disintegration of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On the other hand, the European Union, United States and Russia, energy corridor projects planned in the region are focusing on the Balkans important interests on geo political point of view. These dynamics could affect the processes and policy choices in the area. The background of the whole scenario is another important factor that is contributing to the dynamics in progress: the economic crisis has shown its presence even in the Balkan region and this creates significant imbalances that need to be evaluated on the light of processes of cooperation such as the Energy Community .
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Terek, Kalman. "Sub-regional cooperation in East Central Europe." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA404647.
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Thesis (M.A. in International Security and Civil-Military Relations)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2002.Thesis advisor(s): Steve Garrett, Tjarck Roessler. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-70). Also available online.
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Tuan, Daniele. "Est ? Est ?? Est ??? : Récits de voyage dans les anciens pays de l'Europe de l'Est (1989-)." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0013.
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L'effondrement du communisme et la chute du mur de Berlin ont remis au centre des consciences européennes les anciens pays d'Europe de l'Est. Ce travail de recherche géocritique se veut d'étudier le regard porté sur cette partie du continent européen à partir de quelques écrivains-voyageurs qui, comme Rory MacLean avec Stalin's Nose (1992), Jason Goodwin avec On Foot to the Golden Horn (1993), François Maspero avec Balkans-Transit (1997), Wolfgang Büscher avec Berlin-Moskau. Eine Reise zu Fuß (2004), Andrzej Stasiuk avec Sur la route de Babadag (2004), Marco Belpoliti avec La prova (2007) et Paolo Rumiz avec Trans Europa Express (2012) ont traversé d'une manière ou d'une autre cette partie du continent après la chute du mur de Berlin. Autrefois espace strictement associé aux images de guerre froide et au communisme, il apparaît aujourd'hui comme un espace flou, ambigu, voire indéterminé : un espace partagé entre post-communisme et ultra-libéralisme, entre post-moderne et pré-moderne, entre connu et inconnu : des éléments qui font de l’Europe de l'Est un espace exotique de frontièresThe end of communism and the fall of the Berlin wall have drawn attention to the ancient countries of Eastern Europe. This geo-critical research aims at studying and understanding perceptions of this part of European continent from few travelling writers. These ones, as Rory MacLean with Stalin’s Nose (1992), Jason Goodwin with On Foot to the Golden Horn (1993), François Maspero with Balkans-Transit (1997), Wolfgang Büscher with Berlin-Moskau. Eine Reise zu Fuß (2004), Andrzej Stasiuk with Sur la route de Babadag (2004), Marco Belpoliti with La prova (2007) and Paolo Rumiz with Trans Europa Express (2012) did, have crossed this part of Europe, in one way or another, after the fall of the Berlin Wall. In a traditional view, this space was used to be associated with the cold war and communism. Today, it seems to be vague, unclear, ambiguous and uncertain; a space shared between post-communism and ultra-liberalism, between early and post-modernism, between the known and the unknown. In other words, Eastern Europe has become an exotic borders’ space
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Forbes, Alexander Thomas. "Images of the new Europe : conceptual ideas of the European and post-1989 European films." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230617.
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In a series of cinematic case studies, this thesis argues for a philosophically grounded concept of the 'European', a concept visualized and narrativized in a select canon of films from the tumultuous period in European history between 1989 and 1995. This concept is defined by an oscillation between the particular and the universal, situating Europe not in a geopolitical or territorial frame but instead as the interaction between utopian promise of universal tolerance and (self-)critical thought, and a historical actuality overdetermined by particularities: identity, nationality, ethnicity, gender, and class. A critical, self-reflexive and avowedly European group of films is examined: Faraway, So Close! (Wim Wenders, 1993), the Three Colours trilogy (Krzysztof Kieślowski, 1993-4), Ulysses' Gaze (Theodoros Angelopolous, 1995), and 71 Fragments of a Chronology of Chance (Michael Haneke, 1994) reflexively critique the institutional, territorial and historical basis of their 'European' status. This critique is performed in the handling of profilmic indexicality and the dramatic situations staged within that environment. In bringing the particular universal tension to the fore, this thesis argues that the European always already brings with it a historico-philosophical tension occluded in categories such as the global or transnational. Historical echoes, in which events of the post-1989 period appear to re-occur in the present, indicate how recent and ongoing European crises are haunted by the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of Soviet-type socialism, and the expansion of European institutions. In that time, philosophical responses to the newly-emerging political and social conditions implicitly or explicitly evoked the power of visual cultures to initiate reflection on those conditions. Narrative films specifically offer an underappreciated resource on the intellectual concerns of the post-1989 moment, and on its galvanising influence on philosophical questioning of the European. This thesis offers a detailed examination of cinematic narratives in which this questioning is undertaken and by doing so offers intellectual resources for re-imagining the present moment of European crisis.
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Zdanowska, Natalia. "Intégration des villes d'Europe centrale et orientale dans l'économie-monde depuis 1989 : une entrée par les réseaux internationaux de commerce, de transport aérien et de firmes." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H061.
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Plus d’un quart de siècle après la chute du Mur de Berlin, la radicalité des changements politiques et économiques, caractérisés par l’intégration dans l’économie-monde et l’Union européenne, ainsi que par la récente montée du nationalisme, continue à poser des questions quant au devenir de l’espace centre-est européen. Ce contexte amène à appréhender dans ce travail l’effet de ces bouleversements au prisme des villes et de leurs évolutions. Trois forces majeures ayant guidé les transformations en Europe centrale et orientale sont examinées depuis 1989 : l’européanisation, la mondialisation et le changement endogène – relevant des traces du passé. Les dynamiques respectives de ces trois forces sont évaluées au moyen d’une approche interurbaine. Les échanges économiques entre villes centre-est européennes et celles du reste du monde sont examinés au travers de réseaux transnationaux et mondialisés – de transport aérien et de firmes. Ces échanges sont confrontés aux réseaux commerciaux entre pays. Cette thèse contribue à montrer que l’intégration à l’économie-monde s’est accompagnée d’un renforcement des logiques de polarisation divisant l’espace centre-est européen entre le Nord-Ouest et le Sud-Est. Cette intégration en cours, ou plutôt ces différentes « intégrations », ne se sont toutefois pas opérées uniquement au profit des métropoles. En effet, malgré une prédominance de l’européanisation, les liens de l’époque communiste constituent une force économique majeure pour certaines petites et moyennes villes – à l’image de l’entre-deux historique de l’espace centre-est européenA quarter of century after the fall of the Berlin Wall, radical political and economic changes, integration into the world economy and the European Union, and the recent reinforcement of nationalism are still persistent subjects of debate with regards to the future of Central and Eastern Europe. This thesis examines three major transformative forces in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 at city-level: europeanisation, globalization and endogenous changes – related to path dependence effects. The dynamics of these three forces are analyzed by looking at the evolution of economic exchanges of CEE cities with other worldwide cities in the context of transnational and globalized networks – air traffic and firms. They are confronted with trade networks at country level. This dissertation illustrates that integration into the world-economy has deepened polarization in Central and Eastern Europe between the Nord-West and the South-West. This integration process or different types of integration are not only a matter for big cities and metropolises. In spite of the predominance of europeanisation, links from the communist period continue to be a major economic force, especially for small and medium-sized cities, reflecting the historical in-between situation of Central and Eastern Europe
Ćwierć wieku później, radykalne zmiany polityczne i gospodarcze po upadku Muru Berlińskiego, integracja z gospodarką światową, przystąpienie do Unii Europejskiej oraz nasilające się tendencje nacjonalistyczne są wciąż bieżącymi tematami w dyskusji o przyszłości Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. W tym kontekście, dysertacja proponuje analizę zmian systemowych, które dokonały się w regionie na poziomie miast. Przedmiotem badania są trzy procesy towarzyszące transformacjom po 1989: europeizacja, globalizacja oraz przemiany w regionie uwarunkowane relacjami z przeszłości. Dynamika wymienionych trzech procesów zostanie zbadana w odniesieniu do wymian ekonomicznych między miastami Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej a innymi miastami Europy i świata w sferze międzynarodowych powiązań lotniczych i firmowych, porównanych z siecią handlową ukształtowaną między państwami regionu. Wnioski badawcze wykazują, że w rezultacie integracji z gospodarką światową pogłębia się polaryzacja przestrzeni Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej w układzie północny zachód i południowy wschód. Różnorodność typów integracji odnosi się nie tylko do metropolii i dużych miast. Wobec dominującej siły europeizacji, powiązania z miastami z czasów komunistycznych są nadal ważnym aspektem funkcjonowania miast małych i średnich, ilustrując zarazem historyczną sytuację entre-deux Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
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Skorupinska, Aleksandra Aldona. "The role of information and telecommunication technologies in the productivity of Central and Eastern European countries." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460826.
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La tesi està escrita com un manuscrit de cinc publicacions científiques i presenta una de les primeres evidències de la relació entre les tecnologies de la informació i la comunicació (TIC) i la productivitat en els països del centre i de l'est d'Europa (CEE). La part macroeconòmica de la tesi analitza el procés de transició cap a l'economia del coneixement en els països de l'àrea CEE. La part microeconòmica de la tesi es presenta en tres publicacions. El primer estudi aporta les evidències de les relacions directes i indirectes entre la productivitat i les TIC i confirma la importància de les fonts de productivitat de la coinnovació (complementarietat amb la inversió TIC) de les empreses fabricants de l'Europa de l'Est. El segon estudi analitza les diferències entre els principals impulsors de la productivitat (innovació, internacionalització i capital humà) entre empreses alemanyes i poloneses. La tercera publicació analitza la importància de les fonts de productivitat de la coinnovació utilitzant les dades recents de les empreses poloneses.La tesis está escrita como un manuscrito de cinco publicaciones científicas y presenta una de las primeras evidencias de la relación entre las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y la productividad en los países del centro y del este de Europa (CEE). La parte macroeconómica de la tesis analiza el proceso de transición hacia la economía del conocimiento en los países del área CEE. La parte microeconómica de la tesis se presenta en tres publicaciones. El primer estudio aporta las evidencias de las relaciones directas e indirectas entre la productividad y las TIC y confirma la importancia de las fuentes de productividad de la coinnovación (complementariedad con la inversión TIC) de las empresas manufactureras de la Europa del Este. El segundo estudio analiza las diferencias entre los principales impulsores de la productividad (innovación, internacionalización y capital humano) entre empresas alemanas y polacas. La tercera publicación analiza la importancia de las fuentes de productividad de la coinnovación utilizando los datos recientes de las empresas polacas.
This thesis is written in the form of a manuscript of five scientific journal papers and presents one of the first pieces of evidence of the relation between information and communication technologies (ICT) and productivity in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (hereinafter CEE). The macroeconomic part of the thesis analyses the process of transition towards the knowledge economy in CEE countries and reveals a considerable gap between CEE and Western European countries, especially in terms of human capital, infrastructure, innovation capacity and quality of institutions. The microeconomic part of the thesis is presented in three papers. The first paper presents the evidence of the direct and indirect relationships between productivity and ICT, and confirms the importance of the co-innovation productivity sources (complementarities with ICT investment) from Eastern European manufacturing companies. The second paper analyses the differences in main productivity drivers (innovation, internationalization and human capital) between German and Polish companies. The third paper analyses the importance of the co-innovation productivity sources using recent data from Polish companies.
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LEVY, JONATHAN H. "MADISON, WILSON, AND EAST CENTRAL EUROPEAN FEDERALISM." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147397806.
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Armi︠a︡nov, Georgi. "Les dialectes sociaux européens et les relations "Est-Ouest" dans la linguistique." Strasbourg 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20033.
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La thèse examine les sociolectes européens depuis leur naissance dans l'Antiquité, jusqu'à nos jours. Les pays et les langues concernés sont la France, la Grande Bretagne, la Bulgarie, la Russie, la Serbie, ainsi que certains autres pays slaves tels que la Croatie, la République tchèque et la Pologne. L'apparition des premiers argots, leur développement et leur destin à travers les siècles sont montrés en détail. Une attention particulière est prêtée à la nature linguistique, sociale et psychologique de ces variétés de la langue nationale. La partie principale de la thèse est consacrée aux méthodes et procédés sémantiques (métaphore, métonymie, synecdoque, hyperbole, énantiosémie, etc. ) et formels (suffixation, ellipse, troncation, jeux de mots, etc. ) utilisés par les locuteurs pour la création des nouveaux mots, expressions et significations dans tous les types de sociolectes - corporatifs, professionnels et secrets. En profondeur, sont également examinés le rôle du contexte et les influences linguistiques différentes sur les dialectes sociaux de l'Europe orientale. La dernière partie de l'ouvrage est consacrée à la pratique lexicographique argotique en Europe. Les points positifs ainsi que les erreurs et les faiblesses, les problèmes et leurs solutions dans plusieurs ouvrages ont été montrés afin d'établir une base solide pour l'élaboration d'une conception lexicographique concernant les sociolectes européens. La bibliographie contient presque 300 ouvrages en plusieurs langues - français, anglais, bulgare, russe, polonais, tchèque, serbe, croate, slovaque, allemand, turc, espagnol, etc. A la fin de la thèse, des indexes et appendices sont ajoutés - pour les auteurs, les termes, les exemples, les pages-titres de certains ouvrages sur les argots et les enquêtes utiliséesThe thesis examines the European social dialects from their origin in the Antiquity until present days. The countries and languages concerned are France, Great Britain, Bulgaria, Russia, Serbia, as well as some other Slavic countries such as Croatia, the Czech Republic and Poland. The development of the first sociolects, their expansion and their destiny throughout the centuries are shown in detail. Special attention is given to the linguistic, social and psychological nature of these varieties of the national language. The main part of the thesis is dedicated to the semantic (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbola, énantiosémie, etc. ) and formal (suffixation, ellipse, truncating, games of words, etc. ) methods for the creation of new words, expressions and meanings used by the speakers of all the types of sociolects, e. G. Corporate, professional and secret. The role of the context and the different linguistic influences on the social dialects of Eastern Europe are also examined in depth. The last chapter of the work is dedicated to slang lexicographic practice in Europe. The positive points as well as the errors and the limitations, the problems and their possible solutions are shown, in order to establish a solid base for the elaboration of a lexicographic conception concerning the European sociolects. The bibliography contains almost 300 works in French, English, Bulgarian, Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbian, Croatian, Slovak, German, Turkish, Spanish, etc. At the end of the thesis, several indexes and appendixes are also added - of the authors, the terms, the examples, the front-pages of certain works on the slang and the surveys used
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Bobick, Michael. "The Roma of Eastern Europe in Transition: Historical Marginalization, Misrepresentation, and Political Ethnogenesis." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1314105612.
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Letki, Natalia. "Social capital in East-Central Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419054.
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Svensson, Måns. "New Threats for the European Union and their Effects on Sweden’s and Austria’s Basic Officer Education : a comparative Approach." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-4707.
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During the Cold War, the largest threat against the countries of Europe was an enemy attack or invasion. After the end of the Cold War, the strategic environment changed drastically. The impending threat of a large-scale war was gone and the countries of Europe approached each other in the hope of cooperation with mutual benefits. As the old threat faded away, new threats which were significantly more dynamic and complex emerged. Threats such as terrorism, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, organised crime over the boarders and state failure became more apparent, both, in Europe and in its proximity. Irregular conflicts as in Kosovo and Afghanistan showed an assortment of the various threats. This complexity poses as a big challenge for the officers of today and tomorrow. It is of vital importance that both current and future military commanders are well educated in the complexities of their line of work. The first step to achieve this is ensuring that adequate education in the subject is given. In this thesis, the author researches to what extent the Swedish National Defence College and the Theresan Military Academy choose to educate their officer cadets regarding the new threats. The purpose of researching more than one country is to enable a discussion on eventual areas of improvement in the two countries’ curricula, within the context of the common threats. The author chose Austria because of its many similarities to Sweden. The methodological approach of the thesis is mainly of a quantitative nature. The author researches whether the different threats are found in both national and military strategies as well as in the curricula of the two academies’ Basic Officer Education. The study shows that more education is needed regarding certain threats. More training is needed regarding cyber security as a result of the growing dependence on IT systems and digital information. In addition, an international collaboration could yield potential benefits for both officer cadets’ problem solving skills and their knowledge of the ESS.Under det kalla kriget var det största hotet mot länderna i Europa ett fientligt angrepp eller invasion. Efter det kalla krigets slut förändrades den säkerhetspolitiska miljön avsevärt. Det överhängande hotet om storskaligt krig var borta och Europas länder närmade sig varandra i hopp om samarbete med ömsesidig nytta. I takt med att det gamla hotet bleknade så växte det fram andra hot som var betydligt mer dynamiska och komplexa. Hot som terrorism, spridning av massförstörelsevapen, organiserad brottslighet över gränserna och nedbrytning av svaga stater blev allt mer påtagliga, både i Europa och i dess närområde. Irreguljära konflikter som i Kosovo och i Afghanistan uppvisade en blandning av de olika hoten. Denna komplexitet innebär stora utmaningar för både dagens och morgondagens officerare. Det är av yttersta vikt att både nutida och framtida militära chefer och beslutsfattare är väl insatta i hur komplexa uppgifterna faktiskt kan komma att vara i deras yrkesutövning. Det första steget för att nå detta är att adekvat utbildning i ämnet ges. I detta arbete undersöker författaren i vilken utsträckning Försvarshögskolan i Sverige och Theresianische Militärakademie i Österrike utbildar sina officersaspiranter gällande de nya hoten. Syftet med att undersöka mer än ett land är för att kunna diskutera eventuella förbättringsmöjligheter i de två ländernas utbildningar, kopplat till de EU- gemensamma hoten. Författaren valde Österrike för dess många likheter med Sverige. Arbetets tillvägagångssätt är främst genom en kvantitativ metod. Författaren undersöker huruvida de olika hoten återfinns i såväl nationella som militära strategier och i kursinnehållen för de båda ländernas grundläggande officersutbildning. Studien visar att mer utbildning behövs avseende vissa hot, bland annat gällande cybersäkerhet som ett resultat av det växande beroendet av IT-system och digital information. Dessutom hade ett internationellt samarbete inneburit potentiella fördelar gällande både kadetters förmåga till problemlösning samt deras kunskap om ESS.
Erasmus
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Ledger, Gillian Deborah. "Analysis of the impact of East European change upon European Community and East European liner shipping." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2018.
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In its attempt to analyse the impact of East European change upon the European Community and East European liner shipping industries this thesis covers an extensive range of highly topical subject areas. The wide range of non uniform information gleaned from the research and the question of spurious objectivity form the main arguments behind the use of qualitative rather than quantitative assessment throughout. The diverse study area also necessitated a narrowing to the case of Polish Ocean Lines' North Atlantic operations to enable a meaningful analysis to be carried out. The early part of the thesis examines the background to the East European situation before moving on to identify the main issues that directly affect Polish shipping, through the use of a Contextual model. Using the information gained here a newly developed Contextual Matrix Model then enables the main issues to be extracted. These issues indicate that the changes affecting Polish Ocean Lines require an exercise in repositioning. To assess this fully a framework approach is developed to determine Polish Ocean Lines' position for 1988 and 1992. A further framework is then created for the European Community competitors' 1992 position, in order that a positional comparison can be carried out with Polish Ocean Lines. The results of the comparison indicate that repositioning is taking place at Polish Ocean Lines as a direct reaction to the changes occurring throughout East Europe. The discussion concludes that this is a dynamic, volatile and topical area which raises a number of points of possible interest for further research.
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Zavatti, Francesco. "The Burden of Sad Times. Another Face of the Twentieth Century : Review of Stefano Bottoni's book 'Un altro Novecento L’Europa orientale dal 1919 a oggi' ['Another twentieth century: Eastern Europe from 1919 to the present day']." Södertörns högskola, Centrum för Östersjö- och Östeuropaforskning (CBEES), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-17688.
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Lamotte, Olivier. "Les perspectives d'intégration régionale en Europe du Sud-Est : transition et commerce extérieur." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010064.
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Cette thèse procède à une identification des facteurs qui ont affecté l'intégration commerciale des pays d'Europe du Sud-Est et évalue dans quelle mesure les processus d'intégration en cours modèlent leur commerce mutuel et celui avec l'Union européenne (UE). Notre travail est fondé sur les travaux théoriques des effets de l'intégration et de la désintégration économique régionale (chapitre 1). Le travail empirique repose sur une analyse économétrique des déterminants du volume et de l'orientation géographique des flux commerciaux. Nous montrons d'abord que les conflits armés et les sanctions qui ont affecté l'ex-Yougoslavie dans les années 1990 ont été à l'origine d'une destruction de commerce, aussi bien entre les belligérants qu'avec les partenaires tiers (chapitre 2). L'impact de ces événements a toutefois été différent selon la direction des flux commerciaux. L'utilisation de la méthode des effets frontière a ensuite permis d'identifier l'impact des réformes structurelles vers l'économie de marché sur l'intégration commerciale des pays de la région (chapitre 3). Il apparaît clairement que les réformes ont contribué à une réorientation des échanges des anciennes Républiques yougoslaves vers l'UE. Enfin, l'impact potentiel des processus d'intégration régionale en cours sur le commerce des pays d'Europe du Sud-Est et sur leurs échanges avec l'UE est évalué à partir de données agrégées et sectorielles (chapitre 4). Nous mettons en évidence qu'une intégration commerciale accrue à l'UE offre des perspectives d'accroissement des échanges plus important que l'intégration mutuelle des pays d'Europe du Sud-Est.
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Mballa, Charlie-Florent. "Les conditions d’un nouvel axe de relations ouest-est : la coopération décentralisée avec les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020015.
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La prise en compte du rôle des acteurs non étatiques fait suite à la longue tradition du monopole de l’État en matière de coopération internationale. À la faveur d’un certain cosmopolitisme conceptuel, les idées de démocratie et de décentralisation, de partenariat, de gouvernance à niveaux multiples…, ont permis aux acteurs subétatiques de développer et d’étendre leurs compétences, tant et si bien que leur activisme international semble être l’expression à l’extérieur de leurs compétences internes. C’est dans cette ligne de mire que s’inscrivent les relations des collectivités territoriales françaises et leurs organismes opérateurs avec leurs homologues d’Europe centrale et orientale. Il s’agit d’un ensemble de liens qui, participant des dynamiques transnationales, concourent à la régulation des relations internationales, purgeant ainsi la diplomatie classique de ses présupposés normatifs. Si les jumelages permettent de retracer la construction européenne « par le bas », les transitions politiques et économiques engagées à l’Est, suite à la chute du mur de Berlin, ont donné un nouvel élan aux échanges entre les « deux Europe. » Aujourd’hui, les dynamiques de la construction européenne ont conféré aux échanges décentralisés avec les PECO une dimension à la fois de la coopération « pour le développement » et d’échanges d’expériences. Certes la question partenariale est au cœur des rapports mis en scène ; le problème à résoudre reste aussi bien celui de la réciprocité des échanges que celui de l’autonomie de la coopération décentralisée, en tant que soumise à la transversalité de l’agenda européen et tributaire de l’accompagnement de l’État. Il devient, dès lors, difficile de considérer les nouvelles formes de diplomatie comme prélude d’un monde « sans États », compte tenu du rôle croissant de l’action étrangère étatique et des mutations que cette dernière traverse de nos jours, face aux contraintes de la mondialisation. S’il peut paraître exagéré de voir en l’Ostpolitik des collectivités territoriales une variante de la « décentralisation » de la politique européenne en direction des PECO (dont ces dernières feraient office d’ « opérateurs »), on peut néanmoins s’accorder que la coopération décentralisée reste un instrument d’expérimentation des relations internationales par les ÉtatsTraditionally, States have had a monopoly of International Cooperation disregarding the important role played by Public and Private Institutions. Thanks to the world-wide mobilizing concepts viz. : Democratizing process and its corollary Decentralization, Partnership, multilayered Governance, Local Communities have developed their competences so much so that their foreign intercourses have resulted from their internal competences. As this power of playing International action has given birth to what is known today as “Decentralized Cooperation”, it has helped non-State actors have access to Transnational Exchanges, in so far as they have enabled to refine both the ideology and the scope of classical International Relations. Therefore, the relationships between French and Central and Eastern European Countries local Authorities are in line with that new “Weltanschauung”. In that light, the partnerships involved are interesting in the sense that they are to be understood as the contribution of Civil Society to help Europe grow, come closer and unite. Although political and economic transition process of former Communist States, subsequent to the fall of the “Berlin Wall”, has given a new impulse to Transnational Relations, we should bear in mind that an important traditional network of “Town Twinnings” helps to trace back our subject. In addition, given that Decentralized Cooperation studied here is at the middle of “Cooperation for Development” and exchange of experiences among Equal Partners, the question is how that “hybrid” form of Cooperation can be considered as reciprocal as it differentiates itself from the relations with the Third World, so far observed. Furthermore, with regard to the transversal European agenda that Local Authorities are subject to and given Government support, the autonomy of the phenomenon remains questionable. It is, finally difficult to claim the “End of States” as key actors of Global Diplomacy, given that Globalization constraints and its effects on Foreign Policy bring States back in. We nonetheless agree that Decentralized Cooperation seems to be a means of experimentation of new International Relations by States
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Gkolitsis, Petros. "Interactions of monetary policies in South East Europe in a European Monetary Union context : a global-vector autoregressive model." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21736/.
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This thesis discusses the interactions of monetary policies in the South-eastern European Countries (SEEC) in a European Monetary Union (EMU) context, by modelling via a Global Vector Autoregressive Model (G-VAR) the interdependencies arising between the member states and the related financial institutions in the region. The EMU and its relation to monetary or economic policy interactions has been heavily and effectively researched by numerous researchers including, indicatively, the Nobel laureate Mundell (1961) who theoretically and empirically considered and examined the effects of monetary and fiscal policies coordination on real output, interest rates and exchange rates with the aim of increasing the benefits that could arise from an optimum currency area (OCA). A G-VAR model for South-Eastern Europe (SEE), however, has not been applied and foreign exchange reserves have not yet been considered within such a contextual framework. There is a gap to fill in on the theoretical and empirical relation of the aforementioned variables using econometrics and we will do so by using a multi-simultaneous equations system with weak exogeneity, i.e. a G-VAR. The incorporated variables are: the foreign exchange reserves, the real effective exchange rate (REER), the growth approximated by the industrial production index (IPI) and the monetary policy which is quantified through interest rates and specifically by the money and market rate. The variables that will be treated as weakly exogenous within the GVAR system are the Euribor and the EMU Real Effective Exchange Rate. The frequency of the data is monthly and covers the period from 2002 to 2016. The analysis is conducted with the use of secondary data which is acquired through publicly available published data and reports from Central Banks, the European Central Bank (ECB), Eurostat, OECD, BIS, IMF and the World Bank. The European Countries that are considered are Bulgaria, Croatia, FYROM, Greece, Romania and Slovenia. The European Monetary Union and its role are captured by the related interest rate, i.e. Euribor, and the Real Effective Exchange rates of EMU members as a whole. The main task of the project is to capture the transmission mechanism −from the monetary to real economy− by considering the role of foreign exchange reserves in the case of SEE countries. This adds to the understanding of the economic policy effect on nominal and real variables, suggests a better macroeconomic policy design and adds to the efficiency of the implementation of monetary policy that captures complexities that are related to an Optimum Currency Area (OCA). On top of the above the EMU REER helps us in understanding the existing and dynamically changing competitive related interlinkages that exist between the investigated variables.
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Lengfeld, Holger. "Die Kosten der Hilfe." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-158116.
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In diesem Beitrag frage ich [...], ob die Bürger Deutschlands den Einstieg der EU in die transnationale finanzielle Hilfe unterstützen, d.h. ob sie sich transnational fiskalpolitisch solidarisch zeigen. Unter transnationaler fiskalpolitischer Solidarität verstehe ich eine Zahlungsbereitschaft, die überschuldeten EU-Ländern, die sich in einer akuten wirtschaftlichen Notlage befinden, zugutekommen soll. In diesem Beitrag konzentriere ich mich auf Deutschland, unter anderem deshalb, weil es bisher den größten Anteil zur Stabilisierung der überschuldeten Länder in der Eurozone geleistet und damit einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung einer möglichen EU-Transfernunion hat.
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CHIRIU, ANDREA. "East to East. Dinamiche domestico-internazionali, obiettivi bidirezionali e strategie economiche nelle relazioni fra Asia Orientale ed Europa centro-orientale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266493.
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The research studies the economic relationship between Central Eastern Europe and East Asia, in particular the foreing trade and the foreign direct investments, by analyzing their political influences and implications.
The research is divided in two parts. The first part involves the relationship between the two regions after the second world war until the events of 1989. The cold war and the sino-soviet split affected the economic bilateral ties in that period. The growth or the decrease of the foreign trade were the consequence of the choices made in the foreign policy field. The vents of 1989, however, definitely changed the relationship between Central Eastern Europe and East Asia.
The second part of the research involves the bilateral trade and foreign investmens made after the 1989. During the Nineties the trade exchanges decreased because the crisis that affected the Central Eastern Europe countries. During 2000s the relationship has become stronger than before thanks to the foreign direct investments made in Europe by Japanese, Korean and, recently, Chinese investors.
The future of the relationship between Central Eastern Europe and East Asia is uncertain, because the relevant differences between them, and depends from the choices the Asian giants will make next years.
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Willett, Gudrun Alyce. "Crises of self and other-- Russian-speaking migrants in the Netherlands and European Union." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/130.
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Gautier, Budai Anne-Elisabeth. "Les instruments internationaux de lutte contre la criminalité organisée en Europe du Sud-Est." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010302.
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Les techniques employées à l'échelon multilatéral pour inciter les Etats à rapprocher leurs législations et à renforcer leur coopération afin de prévenir et de réprimer la commission d'infractions graves par des groupes criminels structurés se multiplient et se diversifient. L'internationalisation des sources du droit pénal, conjuguée à l'inclusion des problématiques criminelles dans les objectifs de préservation de la paix et de la sécurité, tend à favoriser l'accroissement de l'intervention des organisations internationales dans la lutte contre la criminalité organisée, ainsi que le développement d'enceintes multilatérales de coopération interétatique. Pour l'Europe du Sud-Est, il en résulte un enchevêtrement difficilement lisible de normes, d'actions et de mécanismes d'application. Dans le contexte spécifique du processus de transition démocratique expérimenté par la plupart des Etats de cet espace géographique, l'enjeu de la mise en cohérence de ces instruments n'est pas seulement celui de l'efficacité. Il concerne également la préservation et la protection des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales, ainsi que la consolidation de l'état de droit.
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Thuresson, Carin Andersson Karolina. "The impact of an anti-dumping measure : a study on EU imports of Chinese footwear /." Jönköping : Jönköping University. Jönköping International Business School, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:3772/FULLTEXT01.
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Zytek, Roman. "Essays on east European economies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39872.
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Ali, Mobarak. "Eastern Europe foreign policy convergence with Western Europe on the Middle East, 1990-1992." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390195.
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Wagnon, Sylvain. "Les progressistes et les relations Est-Ouest durant la quatrième République." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040301.
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Génération marquée par l'effondrement, en 1940, des élites officielles, la nécessité de résister à l'occupant puis par l'échec de la rénovation politique à la libération, les progressistes de la quatrième République initièrent une conception originale de la décision politique. Leur faiblesse numérique les confina, en apparence, au rôle de simples satellites du parti communiste. Ce fut par leur doctrine de politique étrangère, le neutralisme actif, que les progressistes réussirent à se définir et à s'affirmer en incarnant une nouvelle voie, qui refusait le conformisme de la guerre froide et dépassait la paradoxale alternative d'une critique fondamentale du capitalisme ou d'une acceptation aveugle du modèle soviétique. Leur neutralisme actif offrait une perception globale des relations internationales impliquant des conceptions particulières dans leurs relations avec l'URSS, les Etats-Unis, l'Allemagne et les pays colonisés, qui devaient permettre d'accroître le rôle et l'influence de la France dans le monde. Ces conceptions n'ont, toutefois, pas empêché l'échec politique, durant la quatrième République, de cette gauche indépendante ; mais les perspectives évidentes du progressisme liant une volonté transformatrice de la société à un courant démocratique paraissent cependant avoir été le ferment d'un rapprochement des démarches et projets de toutes les composantes de la gauche après 1958The progressists of the fourth republic initiated an original conception of political decision. Since they were numerically weak, they appeared to be merely a satellite of the communist party. The progressists succeded in asserting themselves through their new doctrine of foreign policy, active neutralism, by refusing to conform to the norms of the cold war and by going beyond the paradoxical alternative of a criticism of capitalism or a blind acceptance of the soviet model. Their active neutralism offered a global perception of international relations, implying specific conceptions in their relations with the ussr, the usa, germany and colonized countries. In the medium term, this enabled the foundation of europe and the increase of france's influence in the world. Nevertheless, these conceptions did not prevent the political failure of this "independent left" wing group during the fourth republic. But the vision of progressism, which linked the transforming society to the democratic process seems, nevertheless, to have been the turning point in the bringing together the approaches and projects of all the various elements in the left after 1958
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Wang, Li. "Higher education policies in the EU and in the People's Republic of China : a comparative approach /." Tampere : University of Tampere, 2005. http://www.niaslinc.dk/gateway_to_asia/nordic_webpublications/x506003336.pdf.
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Fritz, Stephen. "Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. http://amzn.com/0813134161.
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Dilemma -- Decision -- Onslaught -- Whirlwind -- Reckoning -- All or nothing -- Total war -- Scorched earth -- Disintegration -- Death throes.
On June 22, 1941, Germany launched the greatest land assault in history on the Soviet Union, an attack that Adolf Hitler deemed crucial to ensure German economic and political survival. As the key theater of the war for the Germans, the eastern front consumed enormous levels of resources and accounted for 75 percent of all German casualties. Despite the significance of this campaign to Germany and to the war as a whole, few English-language publications of the last thirty-five years have addressed these pivotal events. In Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East, Stephen G. Fritz bridges the gap in scholarship by incorporating historical research from the last several decades into an accessible, comprehensive, and coherent narrative. His analysis of the Russo-German War from a German perspective covers all aspects of the eastern front, demonstrating the interrelation of military events, economic policy, resource exploitation, and racial policy that first motivated the invasion. This in-depth account challenges accepted notions about World War II and promotes greater understanding of a topic that has been neglected by historians.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1007/thumbnail.jpg
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Villinger, Roland. "Post-acquisition management and learning in East-Central Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242546.
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Morgan, Jason William. "Essays on Party System Institutionalization in East-Central Europe." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437609450.
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Bouyon, Sylvain. "Les interactions entre la dollarisation et les politiques économiques dans les économies d´Europe Centrale et de l´Est." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12001/document.
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Notre thèse se concentre sur les déterminants et les conséquences du phénomène de dollarisation. Cette analyse s'effectue en quatre étapes. Tout d'abord, nous déterminons la détention optimale de dollars et d'euros par les agents prives en nous appuyant sur le modèle de portefeuille d'une économie dollarisée de Thomas. Cet optimum est teste empiriquement grâce a une analyse dynamique et en effectuant une étude comparée entre la Pologne et la Roumanie. Durant la deuxième étape nous intégrons directement dans un nouveau modèle théorique des déterminants institutionnels caractérisant le comportement et l'organisation d'une banque centrale. L'optimum obtenu est testé empiriquement pour les onze économies étudiées grâce aux outils de l'économétrie de panel. Lors de la troisième étape nous nous concentrons sur les effets de la dollarisation des agrégats monétaires sur les variations de change. Cette approche essentiellement théorique évalue l'efficacité des différents systèmes de change lorsqu'une économie est partiellement dollarisée. Enfin la dernière partie prend en compte l'ensemble des manifestations de la dollarisation et tente, sur le plan théorique, d'évaluer l'impact de ce phénomène monétaire original sur le bien-être général d'une économieOur thesis focuses on the determinants and consequences of dollarization. Our analysis includes four steps. Firstly, we determine optimal holding of dollars and euros for private agents thanks to the model of portfolio in a dollarized economy by Thomas. This optimum is empirically tested with dynamic analysis in Poland and Romania. Secondly, we directly integrate institutional determinants of behavior and organization of a central bank into a new theoretical mode\. The optimum is tested in the eleven studied economies thanks to the tools of panel data. Thirdly, we analyze the impact of dollarization of monetary aggregates on exchange rate variations. This theoretical approach evaluates the efficiency of several exchange rate systems when the economy is partially dollarized. Eventually, the last part considers ail potential forms of dollarization and tries to determine, on a theoretical point of view, the impact of this original monetary phenomenon on the general welfare of an economy
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Kolovos, Amaleia E. "Regional Integration in East Asia." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/93.
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Regional integration is not a new phenomenon but has become an increasingly important topic of political research with the continued expansion of the European Union as well as an increased number of regional organizations around the globe. This paper will seek to use both Europe and East Asia as illustrations in order to better comprehend the driving forces behind integration as well as why some regions are further integrated than others. The purpose of this research is to achieve a better understanding of what causes regional integration in hopes of developing a more inclusive theory. More specifically, it aims to see how integrated the region of East Asia is, in particular when compared to Europe. Through comparing the two regions and analyzing factors in both Europe and East Asia as determined by current integration theory, this research aims to achieve a better understanding of the driving forces behind regional integration as an international phenomenon. My research is an attempt to tie together the multiple existing theories of regional integration with the goal of creating a more cohesive and measurable theory. With an increased understanding of regional integration, we will be better able to both explain and predict integration in both Europe and East Asia, as well as other, less integrated regions around the world.
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Silva, Joana Dâmaso Araújo da. "Repensar a Universidade na Europa : o contributo das comunidades de conhecimento e inovação : um estudo de caso." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10769.
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Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e InovaçãoNo contexto das políticas de investigação e inovação da UE, a dissertação analisa as principais questões colocadas pela agenda de modernização das universidades europeias, para responder aos mais recentes desafios da inovação, competitividade e sustentabilidade das economias a nível global. A investigação realizada pretende analisar a importância do EIT como referência nesse processo de modernização, através de um estudo de caso sobre um dos elementos da sua estrutura: a KIC InnoEnergy. O contributo das Comunidades de Conhecimento e Inovação (KIC) para esse processo depende do seu grau de sucesso na concretização dos objectivos traçados, a médio e longo prazo. Não obstante, o modelo das KIC oferece vias eficazes para a inovação e promoção do empreendedorismo, recorrendo a abordagens holísticas e pluridisciplinares, a novos modelos de gestão e de financiamento, que podem servir de referência no processo de modernização das universidades europeias.
In the context of the EU policies for research and innovation, the dissertation examines the main issues raised by the modernization agenda for European universities to meet the modern challenges of innovation, competitiveness and sustainability of economies globally. The research aims to analyze the importance of the EIT as a reference in this modernization process, through a case study on one of the elements of its structure: KIC InnoEnergy. The contribution of the Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KIC) for this process relies on its success in achieving the objectives outlined in the medium and long term. Nevertheless, the model of KICs offers effective ways for innovation and entrepreneurship promotion, via holistic and multidisciplinary approaches, new models of governance and funding, which may function as a reference in the modernization process of European universities.
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Pataki, Gabor Zsolt. "Le devenir géopolitique des minorités hongroises dans le bassin des Carpates." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081541.
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Analyse de la dynamique politique des minorites hongroises de l'europe centrale et leur rapport avec la hongrie. Leur impact sur le processus d'integration europeenne. Les hongrois, au nombre de 13,4 millions dans le bassin des carpates, env. 3,1 millions vivent dans les pays voisins. Ces minorites sont devenues minorites suite au traite de trianon (1920). Face a ce choc terrible, l'imaginaire hongrois batit un systeme de representations mentales pour ne pas oublier ces terres et ces freres perdus. Les representations geopolitiques sont au cur des relations entre les hongrois et leurs nations voisines. Les minorites hongroises ont garde une forte identite nationale et leurs sta♭ tuts varient enormement selon l'etat ou elles vivent. La prise en compte des representations qu'ont les uns etles autres permet de comprendre les rivalites de pouvoirs pour le controle de ces territoires: la ou les minorites hongroises sont majoritaires elles veulent s'auto-administrer et l'etat ne veut pas lacher le controle de ces territoires et le confier a une minorite dont la population majoritaire se mefie. On peut differencier les minorites hongroises selon l'importance du probleme geopoli♭ tique qu'elles posent: - celles a identite nationale forte et collective, la ou elles sont les plus nombreuses : en transylvanie (roumanie), en haute-hongrie (slovaquie) et en voivodine (serbie). Leur pre♭ sence pose un probleme national majeur a l'etat ou elles se trouvent : c'est le triangle militant des minorites hongroises, - celles ayant une identite hongroise et vivant dans un etat ou le probleme hongrois ne represente pas un probleme geopolitique majeur (autriche, croatie et slovenie). Cas limite : les hongrois d'ukraine, 0,31% de la population. Apres 1989, la hongrie a declare officiellement qu'elle se sent responsable du sort de ses minorites au-dela des frontieres qui, cependant resistent a toute assimilation en affirmant leurs revendications (langue, culture, enseignement, autonomie). Presentation des differents scenarios, plus ou moins probables pour les communautes hongroises (devolution, autonomie culturelle et/ou territoriale), dans la lumiere du processus d'integration a l'union europeenneAnalysis of political dynamics of the hungarian national minorities in central europe and of their system of relations with hungary. As well their impact on the european integra, tion process. Out of 13. 4 millions of hungarians in the carpathian basin, 3. 1 millions are living in hungary's neighbouring states. Hungarians became minority as a consequence of the treaty of trianon (1920). After living that shock, the hungarians built up a system of mental representations for not forgetting their lost territories and co-nationals. The geopolitical representations are still in the focus of relations between hungary and her neighbour nations. Hungarian minorities maintained a strong national identity, their status differs a lot according to the state in which they live. By taking into account the geopolitical representations that have the ones and the others, one may understand the rivalries of power in controlling these territories: where the hungarian minorities represent majority they desire to self-administrate themselves, and the state does not want to give up the control and leave it for a minority they mistrust. One may distinguish hungarian minorities according to the importance of geopolitical problem they induce: - those having a strong and collective national identity, where they are the most nu, merous: in transylvania (rumania), in upper-hungary (slovakia) and in voivodina (serbia). Their existence causes a major national problem for the state in which they live: this is the militant triangle of hungarian minorities - those having a strong hungarian identity and living in a country where the hungarian problem is not a major geopolitical problem (austria, croatia and slovenia). Limit case: hungarians of ukraine, 0. 31% of the population. After 1989 hungary officially declares that she feels responsible for the fate of hun, garians abroad. Hungarian minorities resisted to all types of assimilation and reaffirm their linguistic and educational revendications. Presentation of different scenarios, more or less probable for the hungarian communi, ties (devolution, cultural and/or territorial autonomy), in the light of the european integration process
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Lefilleur, Julien. "Développement industriel et émergence de sous bassins régionaux en Europe Centrale et Orientale pendant la transition." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568653.
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L'espace industriel d'Europe centrale et orientale apparaît peu homogène. L'observation de l'évolution de la géographie industrielle de la région pendant la transition permet de mettre en évidence l'émergence de trois sous bassins — le sous-bassin balkanique (Bulgarie, Roumanie), le sous-bassin central (Slovénie, Hongrie, République tchèque, Slovaquie, Pologne) et le sous-bassin balte (pays baltes) — qui présentent chacun des structures de production et de commerce relativement homogènes et se caractérisent par des échanges commerciaux particulièrement intensifs en leur sein. L'analyse des flux économiques entre les PECO et les pays de l'UE15 montre que ces sous-bassins sont en réalité des prolongements de bassins régionaux plus vastes, à savoir le bassin scandinave (Danemark, Norvège, Suède, Finlande) pour le sous-bassin balte, le bassin central (Autriche, Allemagne) pour le sous-bassin central et le bassin méridional (Grèce, Italie) pour le sous-bassin balkanique. Cette évolution traduit un phénomène de fragmentation du processus de production entre bassins et sous-bassins et la régionalisation de l'espace industriel d'Europe centrale et orientale apparaît donc être une conséquence des délocalisations des chaines de production des pays de l'UE15 vers les PECO voisins. Les bassins élargis qui en résultent se caractérisent alors par des structures de productions différenciées (mais homogènes en leurs seins) et des échanges intérieurs intensifs. Cette approche en termes de bassins élargis permet d'aborder la question du développement industriel des PECO sous un angle nouveau. Elle suggère en effet d'adopter une vision poly-centrée de l'Europe centrale et orientale pour comprendre l'évolution de sa géographie industrielle plutôt que la vision mono-centrée (sur l'Allemagne) habituellement adoptée. Suivant cette approche, chaque sous-bassin des PECO apparaît comme la périphérie d'un bassin de l'UE15 auquel elle s'intègre progressivement. La structure centre-périphérie habituellement mise en avant laisse alors place à trois structures centre-périphérie qui décrivent mieux la mutation en cours de l'espace industriel régional. Ce renversement d'approche permet d'une part d'atténuer les craintes liées à une éventuelle "périphérisation" des PECO baltes et balkaniques et d'autre part de définir des politiques publiques plus adaptées pour accélérer la convergence des PECO.
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Rankin, Colleen A. "International Agendas Confront Domestic Interests: EU Enlargement, Russian Foreign Policy, and Eastern Europe." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337888570.
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Rodda, Ruth. "The 1989 revolutions in East-Central Europe : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/372.
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There is a substantial amount of existing literature that focuses on the revolutionary events of 1989 in East-Central Europe. Yet, there are few comparisons which apply a comparative-historical approach to a small set of cases. A large body of existing literature provides the ideal situation for a comparative-historical study. This thesis will test the utility of applying a comparative-historical methodological approach to the events of 1989 in four countries in East-Central Europe. The four countries are paired into two cases. The case of Poland and Hungary is compared with the case of Bulgaria and Romania. A theoretical frame of reference is developed from previous comparative-historical studies of revolutionary events, criticisms of them, and the general theoretical debates which they generate. This frame of reference incorporates a broad range of variables, and is used to inform the application of the method. Differences (and similarities) between the cases are then investigated, and the utility of the method assessed. Additionally, the application of the method allows some current theoretical and conceptual debates concerning the East- Central European events to be confronted. Part 1 of the thesis applies a comparative-historical method of analysis to the cases up to, and including some aspects of the 1989 events. In Part 2, patterns of difference between the cases are identified in terms of revolutionary forms and outcomes. Following the logic of the method common factors are identified as potential contributing factors to the collapse of communism, while patterns of difference suggest that the political, economic and social 'nature' of the communist systems had an impact on the forms of change and their outcomes. It is recognised that the comparative-historical approach utilised in this thesis has limitations. However, the method is shown to be useful for identifying common factors across cases, and significant variations between cases, which can generate potential explanation, and provide better understanding of such revolutionary phenomena as that which occurred in East-Central Europe in 1989.
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Ross, Linda Drummond. "Relations between the Latin East and Western Europe, 1187-1291." Thesis, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406232.
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Milcher, Susanne, and Manfred M. Fischer. "On labour market discrimination against Roma in South East Europe." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3960/1/SSRN%2Did1739103.pdf.
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This paper directs interest on country-specific labour market discrimination Roma
may suffer in South East Europe. The study lies in the tradition of statistical Blinder-Oaxaca
decomposition analysis. We use microdata from UNDP's 2004 survey of Roma minorities,
and apply a Bayesian approach, proposed by Keith and LeSage (2004), for the decomposition
analysis of wage differentials. This approach is based on a robust Bayesian heteroscedastic
linear regression model in conjunction with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation.
The results obtained indicate the presence of labour market discrimination in Albania and
Kosovo, but point to its absence in Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia. (authors' abstract)
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Correia, Alexandre Diogo Figueira da Silva. "ESG performance, tax avoidance and external financing decisions in Europe." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20881.
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Mestrado em FinançasEste estudo pretende analisar se a evasão fiscal afeta o custo de capital das empresas na Europa, tomando em consideração o nível de ESG das empresas. Enquanto que as atividades de planeamento fiscal podem gerar um maior fluxo de caixa depois de impostos, como resultado de um menor pagamento de imposto para os governos, estas podem também levar a resultados futuros incertos e arriscados, o que pode impor vários riscos para as empresas. Particularmente, tomando em atenção a estrutura de capital das empresas, esses riscos podem afetar significativamente as decisões de financiamento por afetarem o custo de capital próprio e o custo de capital alheio. No entanto, temos também que ter em consideração um tema cada vez mais relevante relacionado com a responsabilidade e impacto social das empresas, que pode também ter um papel importante nas decisões de financiamento. Para analisar, recorremos aos ratings de ESG fornecidas pela Thomson Reuters. Testámos se os ratings de ESG podem moldar a relação entre o planeamento fiscal e o custo de capital. Os resultados sugerem que os investidores reagem positivamente a elevadas pontuações de ESG quando investem em empresas que praticam atividades de planeamento fiscal. Esse efeito é especialmente capturado pelas componentes Social e Governança. Este estudo contribui para a literatura existente sobre planeamento fiscal e custo de capital, adicionando um tem não tem sido suficientemente explorado e que pode influenciar a relação dessas duas variáveis e, particularmente, a reação dos investidores.
This paper aims to study whether tax avoidance affects company's cost of capital in Europe, taking into consideration company's level of ESG. While tax avoidance activities may generate a higher after-tax cash-flow as a result of lower cash tax payments to the governments, those outcomes can be uncertain, which could impose several risks. Specifically, looking at firm's capital structure, those risks could significantly affect the firm's financing decisions by affecting both the cost of equity and the cost of debt. However, we also need to take into consideration an increasingly topic related to firm's responsibility and social impact that may also play an important role in financing decisions. We take advantage of the ESG Scores from Thomson Reuters. We test whether ESG performance scores shape the relationship between tax avoidance and cost of capital. Results suggest that investors perceive higher levels of ESG performance positively when investing in firms that engage in tax avoidance activities. The effect is mostly captured by the Social and Governance components. The study contributes to the literature on tax avoidance and cost of capital, adding a topic that is not sufficiently explored and could influence the final relationship between those two variables and, particularly, the investors' reaction.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Ko, Man Ching. "Emerging stock markets in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2894.
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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the emerging stock markets in three regions. The regions chosen as our testing targets are Europe, The Middle East, and Asia. Performance for 2002 to 2004 will be compared to the U.S. stock market.
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Simral, Vit. "The cost of partitocracy: party funding in East Central Europe." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2014. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/154/1/Simral_phdthesis.pdf.
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The work’s goal is to contribute to the discussion on cartelisation in the party systems of East Central Europe. Its contribution to the research field is to be found in a thorough analysis of the budgets of political parties in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia, to a smaller degree also of the budgets of political parties in Austria, Germany and Slovenia. In total thirty arguments found in the existing scholarly literature are discussed, with a focus on their relation to budgets and election strategies of political parties. These arguments are analysed with the help of basic tools of quantivative statistical analysis and the qualitative method of comparison of selected features of the analysed cases. The work’s analytical part is based on two new original datasets. The first one, where data on budgets of political parties are collected, uses publicly available sources found in both the off-line as well as the on-line world of today. The second one uses original data collected by the means of an electronic questionnaire send to representatives of political parties in the six researched countries. The work defines two new concepts that serve as the theoretical basis of the analysis: the rule drive and the strategy drive. The rule drive is the part of a party’s budget that is predominantly formed by legal regulations on political parties, their funding and activities. On the income side, the rule drive is mostly visible in the share of party budget comprised by state subsidies. On the expenditure side, the rule drive is most apparent in the legal limits of expenses parties may allocate to election campaigning. In addition, the rule drive encompasses also the various limits on donations permittable to be accepted by political parties, limits on parties‘ business activities, or the legal fees that parties are obliged to pay to enter certain types of elections. The strategy drive is the causal agent that is predominantly formed by parties‘ free decisions on how they wish to conduct their day-to-day activities and their election campaigning. On the income side, the strategy drive is represented by the amount of membership fees collected, donations accepted or loans taken out. On the expenditure side, the strategy drive is the formula by which political parties allocate their financial assets to the various activities each political party carries out: office operations, administrative work for their elected representatives and officials, education of party members and promotion towards the public in general, election campaigning. Both concepts are of interest for the analysis and all their segments are used to assess the various structural features of party budgets. Original data collected for the work show that parties in their lifetime go through an evolution of their budgets, from one relying mostly on private donations and spending the majority of assets on elections to one relying on membership fees, state subsidies in the case of an electoral sucess, and spending a larger part of assets on activities not related to election campaigning. The specific shape of budget evolution depends largely on the size of their budget – parties with smaller budgets feature also a different budget structure than parties with budgets larger. This rule applies across the spectrum, from the largest parties in the dataset to the smallest one. The quantitative data on budget sizes are in the work translated into meaningful, categories based on budget sizes. , The categories are labeled weight classes, mimicking the weight classes found in the boxing world, from bantamweight parties, with annual budgets up to €10 thousand, to super heavyweight parties, with annual budgets over €10 million. All parties in the researched countries are thus be classified. Based on these categories, is it shown that the largest, super heavy parties in East Central Europe receive the bulk of all public funding. The model of subsidies distribution differs in the researched countries and the numbers show that it is difficult to assess whether one system is more cartelised than the other on the basis of distributed state subsidies. Easier and less arguable is to assess the relative transparency of the models of party regulations and regulations of party funding in each of the researched country. Austria, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia and Poland are in the recent time undergoing a turn towards more transparency, with new laws already in place or currently being adopted. The Czech Republic is noticeably lagging behind. The last phenomenon discussed in the work is that certain features of budgets, including its size and structure, correlate with certain party strategies. Parties of certain budget size and structure have different campaigning strategies, different policies and different opinions than parties of different budget size and structure. The collected data shows links between several variables, such as parties with large subsidies share in their budgets see as legitimate larger subsidies share than parties without subsidies, or heavyweight and middleweight parties spend a significantly larger share of their election expenses on the Internet than super heavyweight parties. Finally is discussed the behaviour of a specific set of parties that are in the researched dataset mostly found in the heavyweight and middleweight class. These parties have different campaign strategies, keep their election campaign spending higher than the rest and their budgets do not go through the same evolutionary shift as do the budgets of other parties. They do not increase their fee-paying membership and do not sustain significant day-to-day activities not directly related to election campaigning. These parties are since 2007 at the latest most successful in challenging the ‘cartel’ established by larger parties in national parliaments. The set of these parties overlaps in a large part with the set of ‘populist’ parties as discussed in other, ideology and party programme-oriented literature. Or, if restated, the populist parties are in their majority distinguished not only by their programmatic profile, but also by the structure of their budgets and related party strategy features. Ultimately, the work provides a lot of empirical evidence for the discussion of the concept of ‘cartel’ in the region of East Central Europe. It supports with hard data some of the old folk theorems and creates a firm data and conceptual basis for further research of party funding in East Central Europe.
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Lozouet, Pierre. "Le domaine atlantique européen au Cénozoïque moyen : diversité et évolution des gastéropodes." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MNHN0015.
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Il est proposé un bilan global des faunes du Cénozoïque moyen de la façade atlantique. La description des assemblages de 57 sites suggère que les peuplements de l'Oligocène inférieur se démarquent nettement de ceux de la série oligocène supérieur à Miocène. Une analyse au niveau spécifique des assemblages de l'Oligocène supérieur d'Aquitaine, a permis de reconnaître pour la première fois au Cénozoïque, la présence d'associations de grottes sous-marines. L'étude de la distribution des neogastropoda montre que les phénomènes de radiation les plus importants se déroulent à l'Oligocène supérieur. De l'Eocène inférieur au Miocène supérieur, on enregistre des variations importantes dans la richesse spécifique des faunes. Deux pics de diversité sont notes : à l'Eocène moyen (Lutétien, 1800 espèces) et à l'Oligocène supérieur (1. 150 espèces). Les estimations avancées sur la richesse spécifique à l'Eocène, le long des côtes atlantiques françaises (environ 4 000 espèces de gastéropodes), conduisent a émettre l'hypothèse de la présence d'un pôle de diversité, comparable au triangle indo-malais actuel, en Mésogée occidentale au Paléogène. Le mode de développement larvaire été examiné chez 1452 espèces de l'Oligocène au Miocène supérieur et environ 200 espèces de l'Eocène. Une courbe de la planctotrophie a été établie. Elle montre des variations importantes entre étages et bassins : 88% d'espèces planctotrophes au Miocène inférieur (Burdigalien), 43% au Miocène supérieur (Redonien). Un fort pourcentage d'espèces non-planctotrophes est l'indice d'un isolement du bassin. Inversement, un pourcentage élevé de planctotrophes indique l'ouverture du domaine. La formation et l'extension de la vaste province euro-ouest-africaine sont montrées à l'aide d'une analyse multivariée de la distribution de 684 genres. La province euro-ouest-africaine est qualifiée de province tropicale marginale et comparée aux provinces japonaise et ouest-africaine actuelles. En conclusion, il est proposé l'hypothèse que la diversification majeure des faunes, de l'Oligocène inférieur au Miocène supérieur, intervient à l'Oligocène supérieur, après la plus grande phase régressive du Cénozoïque. Le rôle des mouvements eustatiques dans le renouveau des faunes est donc réaffirmé.
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Olofsson, Jenny. "Go West : East European migrants in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi och ekonomisk historia, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61467.
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Many people have migrated between East and West Europe in recent decades. The daily life of these migrants is crucial not only for the migrants themselves but also for the development of future migration. The aim of this thesis is to explore the interaction between migration motives, integration, social networks and migration, and how this affects international migration processes in general. This is done using migration between Sweden on the one hand and Russia, Poland and the Baltic States on the other as a case study. The thesis consists of three empirical studies which derive from different sources of data: the first (Paper I) draws on individual Swedish register data while the second and third are based upon a questionnaire survey. Paper I explores aspects of transnational social spaces in the context of migration from the non-Baltic former Soviet republics to Sweden before and after the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989. The results of this paper show rather limited migration and a lack of a more developed transnational social space. This is partly due to weak integration on the labour market, a high degree of intermarriage, no existing migrant community and limited return migration. The following two papers (II, III) focus on migrants from Russia, Poland and the Baltic States to Sweden after 1990. Paper II analyses migration motives and the outcome of the migration decision, and reveals significant gender differences in the motives for migrating and in how men and women adapt in their new country of living. While men mainly came for economic reasons, the majority of women came for intermarriage in Sweden; however, the migration motives have changed over time towards more economic ones. The final paper (III) shows significant gender differences in the migrants’ perceived sense of belonging in Sweden. Women report a stronger sense of belonging than their male counterparts, and while men’s sense of belonging is mainly affected by duration of stay in Sweden, language proficiency and citizenship, women’s sense of belonging is shown to be mostly affected by local social networks. In sum, the results in this thesis show that migration systems and transnational social spaces between Sweden and the respective countries have not yet emerged. This is partly due to the specific migrant composition and integration that characterize this migration process. The immigrants mainly function as weak bridgeheads, and do not facilitate the development of any further migration. However, with a changing migration flow, including migrants with different motives and migration agendas, future migrants can be stronger bridgeheads and facilitate further development of migration systems and transnational social spaces.
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Poupaux, Sandrine. "Performances économiques et transformations du secteur sportif dans les pays est-européens : une contribution à l'économie du sport." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010049.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse à un thème encore très peu étudié en économie : la relation entre le secteur économique et le secteur sportif dans les pays est européens avant et pendant la période de transition systémique. Dans notre travail, nous analysons, tout d'abord, l'existence d'un lien entre les ressources économiques et humaines disponibles -le PIS par habitant et la population et les performances olympiques dans les pays est-européens. Nous analysons ensuite dans quelle mesure, avant 1989, les instances publiques contribuent au financement de l'activité sportive et de quelle façon l'Etat incite à la pratique sportive. La collecte des données renseignant la pratique sportive et le financement du sport en Europe de l'Est et, à titre comparatif, en Europe de l'Ouest, nous permet d'analyser l'évolution de ces deux variables entre 1976 et 2004. Nous montrons comment ces deux facteurs ont influencé les performances olympiques durant cette période. Nous étudions ensuite les transformations des institutions sportives depuis 1990. Nous construisons plusieurs indicateurs de réformes et montrons que ces transformations peuvent en partie expliquer l'évolution de la pratique sportive et du financement du sport par l'Etat. Les interactions entre les variables étudiées dans cette thèse sont exposées dans un cadre conceptuel. Notre raisonnement est alors illustré au travers de l'étude d'un pays particulier, la République tchèque.
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Demiryontar, Birce. "The shaping of the Turkish migration policy : competing influences between the European Union, international organisations and domestic authorities." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/67340/.
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This thesis studies Turkish migration policies as an outcome of the interactions between the European Union, international organisations (UNHCR, IOM) and domestic migration governance. Counterbalancing a tendency in the literature to focus on external influences and specifically the EU's power over candidate countries, Turkish migration policy is seen to result from interrelationships between external and domestic actors that vary according to context of policy type, time and relative balance of power between the actors. Changes in international relations, Turkey's relationship with the EU, and internal to migration governance, can relativize the power asymmetry between EU and Turkey, leading to opportunities for domestic authorities to exert influence. The study has a comparative design across four cases of migration policy decision-making and by actor-type. This allows investigation of interrelations and an actor's efforts to exert influence relative to the others. A prominent policy is examined for each of the main four fields of Turkish migration policy: legislative reform (Law on Foreigners and International Protection), irregular migration (EU-Turkey readmission agreement), regular migration (adoption of the EU's visa lists) and asylum (removal of geographical limitation clause from the 1951 Refugee Convention). Document analysis is supplemented by original data from twenty-one semi-structured interviews, conducted with experts from Turkish Ministries, international organisations and the EU Commission. The main finding is that the degree of external influence over Turkish migration policy is contextually shaped, by time, the substance of a specific policy field, and most notably by the degree to which a policy field is politicised. EU influence is strongest when a policy field is politicised and driven by ‘conditionality'. International organisations are less influential actors but present in shaping more technocratic and less politicised policies through ‘social policy learning'. Turkish authorities exert clear agency and use international negotiations to gain leverage to advance domestic migration interests.
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Shin, Jae-Sung. "Les chances de l'adaptation du modèle de sécurité européenne à l'Asie du Nord-Est." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010260.
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Le processus de la CSCE, amorcé à Helsinki en 1972 a permis de surmonter la division de l'Europe et d'établir une paix durable sur le continent, grâce à l'adoption de mesures de confiance (MDC) et à la conclusion d'un accord de réduction des forces conventionnelles (FCE). En outre, tous les Etats participants ont pris des engagements en vue du respect des droits de l'homme de sorte que le concept de sécurité qui prévaut aujourd'hui en Europe est global et couvre les dimensions politique, économique et humanitaire. Une démarche analogue est concevable pour mettre un terme à la guerre froide qui se poursuit en Asie du Nord-Est et dont la division de la Corée est la manifestation la plus visible. Les quatre puissances directement intéressées à la stabilité de la région ont manifesté de l'intérêt pour une négociation multilatérale qui pourrait s'inspirer du modèle de la CSCE, s'agissant de la coopération économique et de la réglementation des armements. Toutefois, la question des droits de 1 'homme se heurterait à des difficultés particulières.
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Cojocaru, Corina. "Les régimes parlementaires et le mécanisme constitutionnel en Europe centrale et orientale : Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie et République Tchèque." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA01A260.
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Parmi les dix-sept pays de l'Europe Centrale et Orientale, seulement SIX pays sont des régimes parlementaires avec «un mode de gouvernement de cabinet »: Albanie, Estonie, Hongrie, Lettonie, Moldavie et République tchèque où les Présidents sont élus par les Parlements et le pouvoir exécutif reste bicéphale. Ce mode de gouvernement de cabinet s'applique difficilement dans la pratique au sein de certains pays d'Europe Centrale et Orientale et soulève un certain nombre d'interrogations, soit parce la construction du nouveau régime politique dépendaient d'une sous-catégorie du modèle post-communiste tell que rencontrée en 1989 (initiale, gelée et mature), soit parce que certains pays ne connaissent pas une réelle tradition de la démocratie parlementaire (comme c'est le cas des pays de l'Europe Occidentale) et le mode de gouvernement de cabinet fut un choix aléatoire dans la zone observée, soit parce que les Parlements de ces pays ne disposent pas de pouvoirs forts et d'une majorité parlementaire stable. (conséquences du mode de scrutin). Nous avons souligné dans cette étude la nécessité d'une révision de certaines, dispositions constitutionnelles, surtout en République de Moldavie (pays qui a connu plusieurs régime politique depuis son Indépendances en 1991) et en République tchèque, ainsi que d'une redéfinition des intérêts des acteurs politiques pour faire prévaloir le primat du juridique sur le politique en renforçant le rôle de la Cour constitutionnelle au nom de la défense de la Constitution et pour assurer un régime parlementaire viable, fondé sur une collaboration réelle des pouvoirs où l'exécutif ne se manifeste pas comme le maître absolu du travail législatif.
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Slabakova, Radmila. "Le destin d'une famille noble émigrée d'origine française dans l'empire des Habsbourg et en Tchécoslovaquie de la fin du XVIIIe aux années trente du XXe siècle : les Mensdorff-Pouilly." Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE29015.
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Histoire d'une vielle famille noble d'origine lorraine qui emigra a l'epoque de la revolution et s'installa, sous le nouveau nom de mensdorff-pouilly, dans l'empire des habsbourg et, plus tard, en boheme et en moravie ou elle demeure jusqu'a maintenant. L'integration de la famille fut facilitee autant par ses strategies matrimoniales (union avec les saxe-cobourg et, plus tard, avec les dietrichstein) que par les talents et capacites de ses membres (ascension aux postes militaires et politiques les plus hautes de la monarchie). Ceux-ci sont representes par trois generations, chacune etudiee a l'arriere-plan de l'evolution de la societe de la monarchie de la fin du xviiie siecle aux premieres decennies du xxe siecle. Il s'agit de la penetration des valeurs morales des lumieres, du changement social survenu entre la noblesse et la bourgeoisie, de la lutte de la noblesse pour rester au sommet et du declin relatif de cette derniere. De nombreuses sources d'archives familiales, dont en particulier une correspondance abondante, permettent d'analyser d'autres problemes de nature socio-psychologique : les valeurs de la famille dont la primaute de la notion de l'honneur, les strategies, lesrelations, les amities, l'unite de la famille dans le sens etroit et dans le sens large du mot. L'image de la famille est completee par l'analyse des positions politiques de ses membres (entre autres leur rapport envers la question des nationalites) ainsi que par l'etude du developpement economique des proprietes foncieres de la familleThe history of an ancient noble family originally from lorraine that emigrated at the time of the french revolution and established itself, under the new name of mensdorff-pouilly, in the habsburg empire and, later, in bohemia and in moravia, where it remains to this day. The integration of the family was facilitated thanks as much to its marital strategies (union with the saxe-coburgs and, later, with the dietrichsteins) as to the talents and abilities of its members (ascension to the highest military and political posts of the monarchy). The latter are represented by three generations, each studied against the background of the evolution of habsburg society from the end of the 18th century to the first decades of the 20th century. It is a question of the penetration of the moral values of the enlightenment, of the social change between nobility and bourgeoisie, of the struggle of the nobility to remain in a position of eminence and of the relative decline of the latter. Rich sources taken from family archives, in particular the abundant correspondence, permit the analysis of other problems associated with the socio-psychological the values of the family among which the superiority of the notion of honor, the strategies, the relationships, friendships, the unity of the family in the narrow and wide senses of the word. The image of the family is completed by the analysis of the political positions of its members (among other things their attitude towards the question of nationalities) as well as by the study of the economic development of family properties
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Tobal, Marc. "Network Sharing Strategies and Regulations in Europe and the Middle East." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177158.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis work intends to tackle network sharing practices in Eu- rope and in the Middle East and to convey the regulatory structure in both continents. To do this, a number of countries have been chosen such as to show the dierent types of sharing and how the agreements dier depending on the depth of them. To do this, I look at the market conditions and the incentive for a certain depth of sharing, and at the same time I investigate to what extent sharing is possible from the regulatory authority. Equal attention is given both on Europe and the Middle East in order to draw fair comparisons. Most results given on the Middle East have been evident due to the interviews conducted. The regulatory structure in both continents is given in order to un- derstand how properly separated regulations are and in what way the regulatory role diers. In the last part, I investigate whether or not a higher extent of sharing would suit the Arabic countries and if it is attractive by the market players. The results show that the operators in Europe are sharing all kind of equipment and a shift towards a full sharing scenario is evident, whereas the sharing agreements in the Middle East are limited to pas- sive sharing or no sharing at all. In terms of what is allowed and what's not, the regulators in EU have dierent opinions on how much is allowed whether the regulators in the Middle East are fairly neutral towards it, i.e they do not actively support it nor do they reject it. In terms of regulations, the regulator role is to apply the laws of the EU Commission in all the members states of EU, whereas the role is to follow the policy of the Ministry in the Arabic countries. This has not always allowed for a proper separation of the Ministry and acting regulator in the Middle East, and due to that some regulators have not been able to conduct their responsibilities freely. When the sepa- ration has been successful, the regulator has been seen to give a much clearer stance on network sharing, typically in the form of including requirements with licenses that facilitates sharing, such as in Oman and Jordan. The need to share more infrastructures have been evident through a initiative taken by the biggest operators in the MENA re- gion. At the same time, I have concluded that none of the countries I have studied has the advantage of adopting a higher extent of shar- ing today because competition is limited and because passive sharing needs to become fully common and co-opetition developed, before it is to happen. Meanwhile, to get two competitors to go beyond passive will most likely not happen today if they are not compelled by the regulator.