Academic literature on the topic 'ESSENTIAL HOUSING MODELS'
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Journal articles on the topic "ESSENTIAL HOUSING MODELS"
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Perrucci, Daniel, and Hiba Baroud. "A Review of Temporary Housing Management Modeling: Trends in Design Strategies, Optimization Models, and Decision-Making Methods." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 10388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410388.
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Temporary housing plays a critical role in disaster response and recovery by providing a temporary home for displaced people before they return to their permanent residence. In recent years, temporary housing has faced three primary dilemmas related to design type, site selection, and cost. Significant contributions have been made in research and in practice to improve temporary housing management. However, gaps still exist in resolving the dilemmas, and a critical review and evaluation of current methods is needed to determine the path forward and identify priorities of future research. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of prior methods developed and applied towards temporary housing management and identifies future pathways for success in temporary housing research and implementation. The literature review reveals that temporary housing requires further research in proactive management, storage, sustainability, and community resilience to effectively enhance post-disaster temporary housing. This study finds that programs such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and the Sheltering and Temporary Essential Power (STEP) program provide methodologies which can benefit temporary housing implementation, designs, and modeling. In addition, circular economy thinking can enable the recyclability of temporary housing to reduce economic and environmental impacts.
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Jones, Andrew, and Lisa Stead. "Can people on low incomes access affordable housing loans in urban Africa and Asia? Examples of innovative housing finance models from Reall’s global network." Environment and Urbanization 32, no. 1 (March 14, 2020): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247819899557.
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While delivering decent, affordable housing at scale is essential to global sustainable development, one formidable blockage is a lack of accessible housing finance for end users. People on low incomes have been perceived by lenders as high risk. They are excluded from financial systems and are forced to self-build using informal credit at exorbitant rates. This article engages with this problem, discussing practical examples and potential ways forward. It does so through case studies of models from Reall (a UK-based international development organization and social enterprise that promotes affordable homes) and its partner organizations in India, the Philippines, Nepal, Mozambique and Pakistan. The article evaluates the strengths and limitations of these models, and their potential for scaling up. Reall’s partners demonstrate that decent houses can be delivered at a cost that is accessible for potential low-income homeowners, while proving the viability of lending to borrowers in the bottom of the income pyramid. This is essential for demonstrating the commercial viability and impactful investment opportunity represented by affordable housing in urban Africa and Asia.
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Chen, Shaopei, Dachang Zhuang, and Huixia Zhang. "GIS-Based Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Housing Prices Oriented towards a View of Spatiotemporal Homogeneity and Nonstationarity: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China." Complexity 2020 (April 23, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1079024.
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In the past decades, the booming growth of housing markets in China triggers the urgent need to explore how the rapid urban spatial expansion, large-scale urban infrastructural development, and fast-changing urban planning determine the housing price changes and spatial differentiation. It is of great significance to promote the existing governing policy and mechanism of housing market and the reform of real-estate system. At the level of city, an empirical analysis is implemented with the traditional econometric models of regressive analysis and GIS-based spatial autocorrelation models, focusing in examining and characterizing the spatial homogeneity and nonstationarity of housing prices in Guangzhou, China. There are 141 neigborhoods in Guangzhou identified as the independent individuals (named as area units), and their values of the average annual housing prices (AAHP) in (2009–2015) are clarified as the dependent variables in regressing analysis models used in this paper. Simultaneously, the factors including geographical location, transportation accessibility, commercial service intensity, and public service intensity are identified as independent variables in the context of urban development and planning. The integration and comparative analysis of multiple linear regression models, spatial autocorrelation models, and geographically weighted regressing (GWR) models are implemented, focusing on exploring the influencing factors of house prices, especially characterizing the spatial heterogeneity and nonstationarity of housing prices oriented towards the spatial differences of urban spatial development, infrastructure layout, land use, and planning. This has the potential to enrich the current approaches to the complex quantitative analysis modelling of housing prices. Particularly, it is favorable to examine and characterize what and how to determine the spatial homogeneity and nonstationarity of housing prices oriented towards a microscale geospatial perspective. Therefore, this study should be significant to drive essential changes to develop a more efficient, sustainable, and competitive real-estate system at the level of city, especially for the emerging and dynamic housing markets in the megacities in China.
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Abad, María Alexandra Arias, José David Quizhpe Campoverde, and Julio Pintado Farfán. "Comparative Study Between the Management Models of Social Housing Programs: SAV-BID and SIV, of the Province of Azuay Between the Years 2010 - 2020." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032129.
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Abstract The creation of management models for the construction of Social Interest Houses in the province of Azuay has been one of the relevant actions to mitigate the existing housing deficit in the territory in the last ten years. Within this period, two management models have played a leading role: the SAV-BID National Social Housing Program and the SIV National Social Housing Program. Models created and promoted by the Ecuadorian State, with the help of various actors, that try to correct the housing problems present in the vulnerable socioeconomic strata of the country. With this background, a comparative study of the management models applied in Ecuador is proposed, through which the similarities and differences between each of them are evidenced, as well as the potentialities and weaknesses that have characterized them, both in their management as in your application. The study begins with a referential framework, where central issues are considered such as: characterization of the concept of Social Interest Housing, housing deficit in Ecuador, and the essential components required for the design and implementation of a housing management model, with the purpose to define and understand the context of the investigation. For the development of the study, a qualitative methodology is proposed, which uses a deductive-inductive system; where dimensions, sub-dimensions and variables are raised in order to approach the study of management models from the general to the particular. The dimensions are defined as the great considerations and aspects that determine the models; The subdimensions are the analysis components where the results of the execution and application of the models are produced, and the variables are made up of the unique aspects or particularities of the study. The results show similarities in the planning and structuring of the two models. However, there are differences in the source of financing and in the characteristics and obligations of the project stakeholders. The study concludes that there are some differences that have allowed the SAV BID National Housing Program management model to generate greater production of Social Interest Housing. These differences are closely related to the active and continuous participation of the managers or home builders, a fundamental aspect that has allowed the success of the projects developed through this management model.
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Liu, Junxiao, and Kerry London. "MODELLING HOUSING SUPPLY AND MONETARY POLICY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC TURBULENCE." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 17, no. 1 (April 3, 2013): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2012.735273.
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Housing supply is an essential component of the property sector. Compared with an increasingly strong housing demand, the growth rates of total housing stock in Australia have exhibited a downward trend since the end of the 1990s. Over the same period, the significant adjustments in the Australian monetary policy were being implemented under a turbulent global economic climate. This research aims to identify the relationship between housing supply and monetary policy within the context of global economic turbulence by a vector error correction model with a dummy variable. The empirical evidence indicates that the monetary policy changes and global economic turmoil can significantly affect the supply side of the housing sector in Australia. The models developed in this study assist policy makers in estimating the political impacts in the global context.
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Zamri, Zur’ain, Zakri Tarmidi, Nurul Hana Adi Maimun, Noordyana Hassan, Ahmad Nabil Md Nasir, Akhmal Sidek, and Nik Norasma Che’Ya. "Assessing the Suitability of Affordable Housing Based on Demand Criteria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1064, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1064/1/012045.
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Abstract Affordable housing has become essential to provide housing with affordable prices, but most of the locations of affordable housing are often not suitable with the people’s demand. To assess the suitability of affordable housing, several initiatives has been developed, to match the demand and location of the affordable housing, but most the models lacks of spatial element, other model focusing on the goal related to site suitability to cities, and people’s preferences of housing. This study aims to integrating spatial information and analysis to assessing the suitability level of affordable housing in Malaysia. This assessment model consists of 3 main indicators; suitability house according to neighbourhood context, demographic factor and commute distance. The method use in this study is using multi-Criteria Analysis, using weighted scoring techniques. The results show that most of the affordable housing score more than 60% average, with the highest score are 84% and the lowest score are 57.9%. this shows that the suitability level of affordable housing in the study area is good. These indicators can be used for further investigation of other affordable housing, and also in finding the suitable site for affordable housing in the future.
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Lameira, Gisela, Luciana Rocha, and Rui Jorge Garcia Ramos. "Affordable Futures Past: Rethinking Contemporary Housing Production in Portugal While Revisiting Former Logics." Urban Planning 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v7i1.4770.
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This article focuses on a specific term associated with the scientific, theoretical, and academic discourse on housing architecture in Portugal. Over the last 100 years, the term “affordable” has frequently been used in the vocabulary of urban housing in Portugal, being linked to other words commonly used in housing construction, such as <em>económica</em> (economical), <em>barata</em> (cheap/inexpensive/low-cost), <em>pobre</em> (poor), <em>cooperativa</em> (cooperative), or even <em>custos controlados</em> (controlled costs). Therefore, we propose to explore the multiple appropriations and contemporary shifts in its original meaning, seeking in this way to: (a) further stimulate the contemporary discussion on types of buildings, public housing programmes (i.e., following a historical perspective), contemporary housing policies (e.g. Basic Housing Law and New Generation of Housing Policies), refurbishment policies, new regulations, and new models for the middle classes (in Portugal); (b) share perspectives about the updating of this concept and the materialisation of its respective types and models in contemporary architectural practice; and (c) build bridges between the past and the present (public and private models and solutions, and shifts in the target audience). Although a wide range of different words was used to describe “affordable housing” in Portugal from the early 20th century to the first decade of the 21st century, it is essential to stress the importance of several newly emerging concepts. In recently implemented laws, concepts such as <em>economicamente acessível</em> (economically accessible) and <em>custos controlados</em> (controlled costs/low-cost) encompass the shifts in the meaning of the term “affordable” and broaden the contemporary discussion of the housing problem in relation to the type of property and target audience.
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Li, Sheng, Yi Jiang, Shuisong Ke, Ke Nie, and Chao Wu. "Understanding the Effects of Influential Factors on Housing Prices by Combining Extreme Gradient Boosting and a Hedonic Price Model (XGBoost-HPM)." Land 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050533.
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The characteristics of housing and location conditions are the main drivers of spatial differences in housing prices, which is a topic attracting high interest in both real estate and geography research. One of the most popular models, the hedonic price model (HPM), has limitations in identifying nonlinear relationships and distinguishing the importance of influential factors. Therefore, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a popular machine learning technology, and the HPM were combined to analyse the comprehensive effects of influential factors on housing prices. XGBoost was employed to identify the importance order of factors and HPM was adopted to reveal the value of the original non-market priced influential factors. The results showed that combining the two models can lead to good performance and increase understanding of the spatial variations in housing prices. Our work found that (1) the five most important variables for Shenzhen housing prices were distance to city centre, green view index, population density, property management fee and economic level; (2) space quality at the human scale had important effects on housing prices; and (3) some traditional factors, especially variables related to education, should be modified according to the development of the real estate market. The results showed that the demonstrated multisource geo-tagged data fusion framework, which integrated XGBoost and HPM, is practical and supports a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between housing prices and influential factors. The findings in this article provide essential implications for informing equitable housing policies and designing liveable neighbourhoods.
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Kumar, Gadde Vinay Venkata Abhinav, Kanneganti Subba Rayudu, Gutta Ajay Kumar, and Dr Thatavarti Satish. "House Prices Advanced Regression Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49031.
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Abstract: The real estate industry is seeing an increase in the use of data mining. The capacity of data mining to extricate helpful data from crude information makes it especially helpful for anticipating home estimations, essential housing characteristics, and a great many different elements. Homeowners and the real estate industry frequently feel anxious about price swings, according to research. The most useful models and important criteria for predicting home values are examined in a literature review. The adoption of Random Forest and XGBoost as the most effective models in comparison to others was confirmed by this study's findings. Additionally, our data suggest that locational and structural characteristics are significant forecasting variables for housing values. In order to identify the most effective machine learning model for conducting a study in this field and the most significant factors that influence home prices, this study will be very helpful, particularly to housing developers and academics.
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Chen, Yucong. "Analysis and Forecasting of California Housing." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 3 (January 20, 2023): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v3i.4704.
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House prices have significant impact on people’s daily life, and it is essential for people to have fixed abode, to live, work and social prosperity and stability. Hence predicting House price is a meaningful and big challenge. To achieve this goal, we use California Census dataset in this project to how distinctive features (attributes) can make the house price higher or lower. The main idea of this project is to build a Regression Model that can learn from this data and make predictions of the price of a house in any block, given some useful features provided in the datasets. In the regression task, we applied cross-validation and K-Fold method on Ridege Model, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting models to select the optimal hyperparameters. Then we apply the best selected model on test set, the results show decent performance for Random Forest and Gradient Boosting. The Random Forest performs the best with MSE (Mean Squared Error) 0.290, while it takes training time 14.7 seconds. Although the Gradient Boosting takes the result of MSE is 0.295, it took a shorter training time (2.91s).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ESSENTIAL HOUSING MODELS"
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MONTELLA, ILARIA. "Emergenza abitativa e requisiti minimi per l’accoglienza: contributo alla strategia di resilienza." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1079391.
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La crescente pressione demografica e l’inurbamento massivo nelle metropoli, determinano un disagio abitativo costante che impatta sui contesti urbani ambìti da un grande segmento di popolazione che, per varie ragioni, e a causa di condizioni economiche precarie, non ha accesso al mercato immobiliare, neanche in affitto, ed è alla ricerca di condizioni migliori e di una casa.
Il riferimento è ai migranti, a chi è in condizioni di disagio economico improvviso, a coloro che, già in lista d’attesa per la casa popolare, o non ancora iscritti in essa, non hanno accesso ad un alloggio.
In assenza di risposte rapide della programmazione urbanistica tradizionale, l’emergenza abitativa pone la popolazione in condizioni precarie e si traduce in risposte autogestite e informali che diventano, a loro volta, emergenza.
Si richiede al sistema città, e a tutti i suoi sottosistemi, di essere resiliente alle condizioni mutevoli, di fronteggiare lo stress dell’emergenza improvvisa e cronica pur preservando la stabilità, attraverso la pianificazione preventiva di risposte abitative, rapide e a basso costo, che esulino da soluzioni emergenziali e dall’abuso di suolo.
Considerando la resilienza come sommatoria di processi coordinati che abbiano la ricaduta di aumentare l’adattamento della città e dei suoi abitanti, la ricerca indaga su che apporto possa dare l’architettura al framework di resilienza e se esistano caratteri connotanti - tecnologici, tipologici, funzionali, procedurali - per modelli abitativi minimi ed essenziali che, se applicati in via preventiva fin dalla fase progettuale, possano contribuire, seppur in modo indiretto, alla resilienza complessiva del sistema urbano coadiuvandone risposte rapide, adattive, dal basso costo di costruzione, gestione, manutenzione, dal basso dispendio energetico e di risorse.
Pensare alla resilienza come caratteristica presente in nuce in molti ambiti, ma codificata in pochi, ha indotto a strutturare una metodologia complessa che, attraverso selezione e analisi di Casi di Studio (scelti tra progetti di cooperazione Stato-abitanti per la prevenzione di insediamenti informali), e attraverso l’analisi di aspetti tipologici degli insediamenti informali (ex-novo oppure di occupazione informale di edifici esistenti, intesi come fonte di informazioni esigenziali perché risposte pratiche dell’utente ad un’esigenza), ha portato alla deduzione di best-practices, generalizzabili e replicabili, e alla definizione di un profilo esigenziale specifico dell’utente. Ad esso, assumendo come riferimento il meta-progetto, è seguita la deduzione di requisiti connotanti e la redazione di un “Framework di indicazioni tecniche di una risposta abitativa essenziale, di nuova costruzione e di natura temporanea”, strutturato in “Schede Tecniche per la Progettazione”, contenente indicazioni progettuali e procedurali, e volto ad essere di ausilio a tutti gli attori coinvolti nei processi progettuali, perché abbiano essi esiti resilienti.
ENGLISH Strong population pressure and massive urbanization in megacities cause constant housing problems, which have an impact on the urban contexts desired by a large segment of the population which, due to various reasons and because of precarious economic conditions, does not have access to the property market, not even the rental one, and is therefore seeking better conditions and a home.
The reference is to those who do not have access to housing, including migrants, those who find themselves in sudden financial hardship and those who are already on the waiting list for public housing or not yet enrolled on it.
Without the quick response of traditional urban planning, the housing crisis puts the population in precarious conditions, which result in self-managed and informal responses that, in turn, become an emergency.
The city system, as well as all its subsystems, must be resilient to the changing conditions. It must face the constant stress of the sudden and chronic emergency, while preserving stability, through advance planning of housing responses that are fast and low cost and go beyond emergency solutions.
Considering resilience as the sum of coordinated processes which have the consequence of increasing the adaptation of the city and its inhabitants, the study investigates what contribution architecture might make to the framework of resilience and if there are distinguishing characteristics — technological, typological, functional, procedural — for minimum and essential housing models, which, if applied on a preventive basis at the design stage, could contribute, albeit indirectly, to the overall resilience of the urban system, cooperating for quick, adaptive responses at a low cost for construction, management, maintenance and low consumption of energy and resources.
Thinking of resilience as a feature present in many areas, but encoded in few, has led to structuring a complex methodology which, through the analysis of Case Studies (chosen from state-inhabitant cooperation projects for the informal settlements prevention) and through the analysis of the informal settlements typological aspects (such as the user’s practical responses to a need), has led to the definition of a user-specific needs profile. This, assuming as reference the metadesign, is followed by the specific requirements definition and the drafting of a “Framework of technical indications for essential, new and temporary housing construction”, structured into “Technical Sheets for the Design”, and aimed at being of help to all those involved in resilient design processes."
Books on the topic "ESSENTIAL HOUSING MODELS"
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Homburg, Stefan. A Study in Monetary Macroeconomics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807537.001.0001.
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The Great Recession of 2008/09 and its aftermath present a major challenge to macroeconomics. Many researchers think that prevailing models fail to grasp essential aspects of recent developments, including unprecedented monetary policies and interest rates at the zero lower bound. Approaches that focus on steady states, rational expectations, and individuals planning over infinite horizons are not suitable for analyzing such abnormal situations. This text does not criticize the traditional approach but aims at improvement. The study’s distinctive feature is a rich institutional structure that includes elements such as credit money, external finance, borrowing constraints, net worth, real estate, and commercial banks. To cope with such a complex setting, the text reduces rationality requirements but adheres to the method of dynamic general equilibrium (DGE) with optimizing agents and fully specified models. Results are derived from mathematical reasoning and simulations. Starting with a simple baseline model, the argument is developed step by step in a unified framework that covers almost everything of interest for monetary macroeconomists. The topics discussed include the superneutrality of money, the Tobin effect, monetary policy under sticky prices and wages, but also liquidity traps with borrowing constraints, Fisherian debt-deflations, housing cycles, and environments with excess bank reserves. The text addresses researchers worldwide and may prove useful for teaching postgraduate and advanced graduate courses. The principle objective is to demonstrate that a “not-too-rational” DGE approach makes it possible to develop clean models that work outside steady states and are appropriate for answering macroeconomic questions of actual interest.
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Kintrea, Keith, and Rebecca Madgin, eds. Transforming Glasgow. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447349778.001.0001.
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“Transforming Glasgow is designed to become an essential book for academics, students, and urban practitioners. The book explores how the city of Glasgow is coming to terms with its post-industrial status and the challenges it still faces to reposition itself as an economically competitive and socially just modern city. The ways in which Glasgow is navigating its transition from a de-industrial to a post-industrial city and beyond will be critically examined through 14 thematic chapters along with an introduction and conclusion. The chapters cover the fundamental elements of urban transformation including health, housing, migration, transport, the built environment, culture, sustainability, community development, governance, and economic development, with attention to the transformation of Glasgow as a place and the impacts on people in the city. In so doing Transforming Glasgow seeks to question what comprises a post-industrial city and the extent to which Glasgow is moving beyond characterisation as a post-industrial city.”
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Alexander, Gregory S. Property and Human Flourishing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190860745.001.0001.
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Many people assume that what morally justifies private ownership of property is either individual freedom or social welfare, defined in terms of maximizing personal preference-satisfaction. This book offers an alternative way of understanding the moral underpinning of private ownership of property. Rather than identifying any single moral value, this book argues that human flourishing is property’s moral foundation. It develops a theory that connects ownership and human flourishing with obligations. Owners owe obligations to members of the communities that have enabled the owners to live flourishing lives by cultivating in their community members certain capabilities that are essential to leading a well-lived life. These obligations are rooted in the interdependence that exists between owners and their community members, a condition that is inherent in the human condition. Obligations have always been inherent in ownership. The human flourishing theory explains why owners at times owe obligations that enable their fellow community members to develop certain necessary capabilities. This book considers implications for a wide variety of property issues of importance both in the literature and in modern society. These include questions such as: When is a government’s expropriation of property legitimate? May the owner of a historic house destroy it without restriction? Do institutions that owned African slaves or otherwise profited from the slave trade owe any obligations to the African American community? What insights may be gained from the human flourishing concept into resolving current housing problems like homelessness, eviction, and mortgage foreclosure?
Book chapters on the topic "ESSENTIAL HOUSING MODELS"
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Gallent, Nick. "An exit strategy." In Whose Housing Crisis?, 131–50. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345312.003.0006.
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The closing chapter explores what might be done immediately to assist households without the homes they need and what might be done in the longer term to shift the function of housing in the economy – de-commodify it and deliver a ‘right’ to housing. There is a need for more planning, essential for the coordination of infrastructure investments that foreground housing development. London’s approach to managing overseas’ investment pressure must be aligned with that of other global centres. The public sector’s role in direct housing provision must be restored. And space must be created for a broader set of housing delivery models, including self-build. In the longer term, patterns of housing consumption can only be shifted through tax reforms that incentivise work over the accumulation of housing wealth. Banks need to prioritise lending to businesses over housing. And the planning system should distinguish between housing as an essential social infrastructure and housing as a financial asset.
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Annamoradnejad, Rahimberdi, and Issa Annamoradnejad. "Machine Learning for Housing Price Prediction." In Encyclopedia of Data Science and Machine Learning, 2728–39. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9220-5.ch163.
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The housing market is one of the earliest and most influential industries with interests among general populations. In recent years and with the advent of computer approaches, many studies used the latest machine learning models to analyze the housing market and identify its most important influential variables in order to suggest a proper price or to predict price fluctuations. This article follows the general phases of the CRISP-DM process model for data mining to elaborate on the problem statements, data collection and preparation, modeling, and evaluation. It suggests proper ways to design steady and accurate models in relation to previous methods and approaches for predicting housing prices. Based on this investigation, previous methods suffer from reaching steady results on multiple datasets, which can be largely attributed to the existence of bias in training, as it is essential to predict prices by considering external economic variables.
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Kyriakidis, Dimitris. "Housing Submarkets and Future Demographic Developments." In Handbook of Research on Policies and Practices for Sustainable Economic Growth and Regional Development, 216–29. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2458-8.ch020.
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Europe is undergoing a profound demographic change. This change will affect significantly all aspects of modern economies including the demand and the prices of the housing stock. The relationship between prices of the housing market and associated demographic variables has been long established. However, in the current literature, the housing market is considered to be unitary and coherent, that is one price reflects the housing stock without taking into account the housing characteristics which in real economy are considered essential for price calculation. To this respect it must be noted that housing submarkets existence has been long established based on the current literature. However and in relation to housing submarkets, the actual goal of the studies currently exist was the definition process, the models and the techniques that should be employed in order to acquire best results. Housing submarkets are considered important in the understanding of different social phenomena. In this chapter an attempt is made to review the relationship of housing prices to demographic variables and then a review on the definition process of housing submarkets.
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Kyriakidis, Dimitris. "Housing Submarkets and Future Demographic Developments." In Megacities and Rapid Urbanization, 351–65. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9276-1.ch017.
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Europe is undergoing a profound demographic change. This change will affect significantly all aspects of modern economies including the demand and the prices of the housing stock. The relationship between prices of the housing market and associated demographic variables has been long established. However, in the current literature, the housing market is considered to be unitary and coherent, that is one price reflects the housing stock without taking into account the housing characteristics which in real economy are considered essential for price calculation. To this respect it must be noted that housing submarkets existence has been long established based on the current literature. However and in relation to housing submarkets, the actual goal of the studies currently exist was the definition process, the models and the techniques that should be employed in order to acquire best results. Housing submarkets are considered important in the understanding of different social phenomena. In this chapter an attempt is made to review the relationship of housing prices to demographic variables and then a review on the definition process of housing submarkets.
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Gowda, Guru S., Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar, Narayana Manjunatha, and Suresh Bada Math. "Clinical care and rehabilitation of homeless individuals with mental illnesses." In Homelessness and Mental Health, edited by João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Antonio Ventriglio, and Dinesh Bhugra, 133–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198842668.003.0011.
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Homeless mentally ill (HMI) individuals suffer from complex issues. Care for HMI people is an urgent challenge to mental health professionals and is a global problem. Clinical care and rehabilitation of HMI individuals are important and essential with respect to the person’s rights and with regard to ensuring a high-quality healthcare service. The clinical outcomes and rehabilitation of HMI individuals are likely to be influenced by multiple factors such as favourable treatment outcomes, recovery from mental illness, employment, social support, stable housing options, assertive community treatment, integrated physical and mental health services, community-based care, and finally national and local health policies and proactive legislations. Based on the HMI population’s research-driven specific needs, there is a need for developing optimal models of social care and rehabilitation for the HMI individuals in every country. The comprehensive care system for HMI individuals should provide individualized, tailor-made, community-based outreach, based on local and social resources. There is a need for prospective studies for the HMI individuals that can influence public policy. It is important to collaborate with different stakeholders from the community including the public sector, ministries of housing, health, social welfare, labour, women and child development, law and non-governmental organizations, rehabilitation centres, judiciary, and psychiatric facilities to ensure and enhance the quality of services for these very vulnerable individuals.
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Randa, Isaac Okoth. "Leveraging Hybrid Value Chain for Affordable Housing Delivery in the City of Windhoek." In Megacities and Rapid Urbanization, 453–75. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9276-1.ch023.
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Hybrid Value Chain (HVC) has emerged both as a business model and development innovation that leverages joint capabilities of the business and citizen sectors to enable the delivery of essential goods and services to low income consumers in cost effective ways. In Namibia, especially in Windhoek, limited access to affordable housing for the low-medium income households is a major concern. Adopting an interpretivist perspective, an in-depth literature review of published records, and using hybrid value chain analysis; this chapter aims to identify an effective and efficient strategy for the delivery of affordable housing in Windhoek using the stakeholder engagement approach. HVC provides mechanisms to analyse the roles and duties of the public, private and community institutions, and thereby suggests possible policy interventions for a viable affordable housing delivery strategy. Presently, there are several non-integrated housing initiatives in Windhoek; however, the proposed Public-Private-Social-Sector Partnership model represents a new business model in the affordable housing sector.
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Randa, Isaac Okoth. "Leveraging Hybrid Value Chain for Affordable Housing Delivery in the City of Windhoek." In Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement and Social Change in Contemporary Society, 119–41. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4197-4.ch007.
Full textAbstract:
Hybrid Value Chain (HVC) has emerged both as a business model and development innovation that leverages joint capabilities of the business and citizen sectors to enable the delivery of essential goods and services to low income consumers in cost effective ways. In Namibia, especially in Windhoek, limited access to affordable housing for the low-medium income households is a major concern. Adopting an interpretivist perspective, an in-depth literature review of published records, and using hybrid value chain analysis; this chapter aims to identify an effective and efficient strategy for the delivery of affordable housing in Windhoek using the stakeholder engagement approach. HVC provides mechanisms to analyse the roles and duties of the public, private and community institutions, and thereby suggests possible policy interventions for a viable affordable housing delivery strategy. Presently, there are several non-integrated housing initiatives in Windhoek; however, the proposed Public-Private-Social-Sector Partnership model represents a new business model in the affordable housing sector.
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Düpjan, Sandra, Liza R. Moscovice, and Birger Puppe. "The role of enrichment in optimizing pig behaviour and welfare." In Understanding the behaviour and improving the welfare of pigs, 401–28. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0081.11.
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Modern pig housing environments provide animals with essential resources, but from an animal’s point of view, they are quite barren and deprive them of the opportunity to make full use of their natural behavioural repertoire and actively work for these resources. The lack of stimulation resulting from such environments compromises animal welfare. This issue can be addressed by providing environmental enrichment, which comprises all aspects of an animal’s environment that facilitate engagement in species-specific behaviours. In this chapter, we provide an overview of different types of enrichment, ranging from artificial point-source objects to social and cognitive enrichment. We discuss the existing body of evidence for welfare-enhancing effects of different enrichment, focussing on whether potential enrichment promotes natural behaviours, reduces abnormal behaviours, and whether effects are sustainable over the long-term. We conclude with a comparative evaluation of enrichment from an animal welfare perspective, highlighting the potential of social and cognitive enrichment.
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Clarke, Colin. "Conclusion." In Decolonizing the Colonial City. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199269815.003.0017.
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This conclusion reconsiders the various themes depicted by spatial and longitudinal analysis, and reflects on the use of spatial and aspatial census data to construct the social geography of Kingston since sovereignty. In particular, the conclusion returns to the imposition of structural adjustment by the IMF-World Bank; the formal/informal split in employment; the persistent housing deficit; the demise of colour/race segregation and the enduring significance of class and pluralism in the social stratification; and the ghetto as a locale of deprivation and violence, as well as of creole creativity. Kingston is no longer the colour–class segregated entity that it was at independence, but it is broken, in a post-modern sense, into variegated micro-worlds of achievement and defeat, danger and safety, often spatially proximate or even juxtaposed. But Kingston is not unique. It is comparable in its employment and housing problems to adjacent Latin American cities that have experienced structural adjustment over the last twenty to twenty-five years, and to an even wider range of post-colonial cities that are undergoing rapid political or economic transformation, including globalization. Two obvious comparators are São Paulo in Brazil, which has suffered income polarization, and the massive growth of its informal settlements since the democratization of the military regime in the 1980s, and the cities of South Africa, where apartheid provided the basis for segregation on a massive scale until the early 1990s. Furthermore, São Paulo, Johannesburg, and Kingston have violent crime records among the worst in the developing world, largely because social polarization is rooted in class/race difference and deprivation. The conclusion turns first to the value of long-run census analysis, before it reviews the book’s major findings, considers Kingston’s place in a wider world, and assesses Kingston’s decolonization. This book has focused on issues of social development and spatial change covering the late-colonial and post-sovereignty periods in Kingston, and has drawn heavily on the census information covering the period 1943 to 1991. The 1943 census was carried out to provide statistical information essential for population registration prior to the first general election based on adult suffrage in 1944, and is regarded as the first modern census.
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McKnight, Rebecca, Jonathan Price, and John Geddes. "Social treatments." In Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754008.003.0021.
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The most common approach to providing comprehensive treatment for patients with mental health problems is the biopsychosocial model. This chapter will focus on social interventions. The majority of patients with a mental disorder will have some social difficulties. This might include needing time off work temporarily while unwell, or finding more appropriate accommodation or employment. These patients can usually be helped by giving general support and advice, perhaps with minimal input from a social worker or the voluntary sector. Patients with severe, enduring mental illnesses often have much more complex social challenges. These typically involve multiple areas and have usually come about due to the individual’s illness reducing the skills they can draw upon to live independently. The process by which medicine helps patients to regain their independence after illness is called rehabilitation. The aim of rehabilitation is to reintegrate the individual back into their community and ensure their ongoing well-being. Ideally, rehabilitation aims to change the natural course of a psychiatric disorder, but more frequently it just assists the patient in making life changes that allow them to manage more satisfactorily in their environment. The patients who most commonly benefit from rehabilitation are those with features including: … ● persistent psychopathology (e.g. ongoing hallucinations in schizophrenia); ● frequent relapses (e.g. mania or depression in bipolar disorder); ● social maladaption (e.g. isolation, chaotic antisocial behaviour). … The key benefits of rehabilitation include: … ● that the patient moves away from the ‘sick role’ and starts to see him- or herself as a well individual again; ● improvement in quality of life; ● reduction in relapses of bipolar disorder and psychotic illnesses; ● reduction in social stigma surrounding mental health disorders. … In the UK and many other countries, social workers are key players in arranging social interventions for patients. However, in order for a rehabilitative process to be successful, it is essential that the multidisciplinary team (psychiatrist, GP, CPN, and social worker) all work together. The usual areas that a social worker can help with include the following: … ● Finances: help with claiming and managing benefits, managing money. ● Accommodation: applying for funding for social or supported accommodation, liaising with social housing associations or landlords.
Conference papers on the topic "ESSENTIAL HOUSING MODELS"
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Burke, R., C. Copeland, T. Duda, and M. A. Reyes-Belmonte. "Lumped Capacitance and 3D CFD Conjugate Heat Transfer Modelling of an Automotive Turbocharger." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42612.
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One dimensional wave-action engine models have become an essential tool within engine development including stages of component selection, understanding system interactions and control strategy development. Simple turbocharger models are seen as a weak link in the accuracy of these simulation tools and advanced models have been proposed to account for phenomena including heat transfer. In order to run within a full engine code, these models are necessarily simple in structure yet are required to describe a highly complex 3D problem. This paper aims to assess the validity of one of the key assumptions in simple heat transfer models, namely, that the heat transfer between the compressor casing and intake air occurs only after the compression process. Initially a sensitivity study was conducted on a simple lumped capacity thermal model of a turbocharger. A new partition parameter was introduced αA, which divides the internal wetted area of the compressor housing into pre and post compression. The sensitivity of heat fluxes to αA was quantified with respect to the sensitivity to turbine inlet temperature (TIT). At low speeds, the TIT was the dominant effect on compressor efficiency whereas at high speed αA had a similar influence to TIT. However, modelling of the conduction within the compressor housing using an additional thermal resistance caused changes in heat flows of less than 10%. Three dimensional CFD analysis was undertaken using a number of cases approximating different values of αA. It was seen that when considering a case similar to αA=0, meaning that heat transfer on the compressor side is considered to occur only after the compression process, significant temperature could build up in the impeller area of the compressor housing, indicating the importance of the pre-compression heat path. The 3D simulation was used to estimate a realistic value for αA which was suggested to be between 0.15 and 0.3. Using a value of this magnitude in the lumped capacitance model showed that at low speed there would be less than 1% point effect on apparent efficiency which would be negligible compared to the 8% point seen as a result of TIT. In contrast, at high speeds, the impact of αA was similar to that of TIT, both leading to approximately 1% point apparent efficiency error.
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Korsukova, Evgenia, and Hervé Morvan. "Preliminary CFD Simulations of Lubrication and Heat Transfer in a Gearbox." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64520.
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When designing a gearbox it is important to consider the heat rise generated inside the gearbox due to the gear meshing action of gear teeth. Providing efficient lubrication helps keep the gearbox at lower temperatures and reduce friction, which in return leads to a longer lifespan. Given the difficulty in obtaining experimental data within the gearbox, the authors investigate and present the setup and methods using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling of the process. The main purpose of this work is to implement and demonstrate numerical techniques that are needed in order to perform CFD simulations on this subject. There are currently no widely used techniques known to the authors that would allow to carry out parametric CFD study of gearbox lubrication and cooling. There are only limited empirical models that are used to find a best design. When developed, CFD methods may allow to do parametric studies and therefore significantly improve the quality of the gearbox design. In order to capture the fluid behaviour in a continuously changing topology around rotating gears, dynamic mesh technique with remeshing and smoothing is used. Dynamic mesh is a complex and expensive technique on its own; and becomes even more so when have to be implemented along with the two-phase flow and conjugated heat transfer. For that reason the development and implementation of this method requires an incremental approach with very gradual increase of difficulty and separation of the large task into small ones, which essentially what has been done in this work. Furthermore, investigation of how to reduce the cost of the simulation is an important part so that the method can then be used more widely. Two types of lubrication are considered: partial dipping into oil (rotational submersion) and jet spraying. Rotational speeds of up to 8,000rpm are studied. Temperature of the gears and the surrounding fluids are initially defined as uniform. Additional heat sources are created in the solid cells of the gears where the teeth come into contact, also using a UDF. 2.5D dynamic remeshing is used for models with spur gears, whereas full 3D remeshing is used with helical gears. Simulations are performed using the Volume of Fluid method and the standard k-omega turbulence model. Simulations are run with varying degrees of complexity (low- and high-fidelity). Some results of basic preliminary simulations are compared with available results from the literature, demonstrating a good agreement. Validation of the results demonstrate the ability of the presented methods to accurately predict the gear losses and the fluid flow in a gearbox. More complex simulations are run in order to observe and analyse both the fluid flow and the heat distribution in the gearbox. Main attention is given to the temperatures of the housing and the meshing teeth. Since all simulations with meshing gears require a small gap between the gears (i.e. with no direct contact of the gears), three different gap sizes are investigated. For these simulations a comparison of the oil flow is provided. This comparison is used to justify which model can be used most efficiently without significant loss of accuracy when modelling the temperature distribution at the housing. Current work is an essential first step towards the detailed study that is currently of great interest of both research and industry. Future work is necessary to fully justify the methods, however the current work is essential and will hopefully provide an inspiration and encouraging of the topic advancement.
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Heuer, Tom, and Bertold Engels. "Numerical Analysis of the Heat Transfer in Radial Turbine Wheels of Turbo Chargers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27835.
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Increasing exhaust gas temperatures of turbocharged Otto and Diesel engines make great demands on the durability of turbine wheels. Hence, a substantiated knowledge about the temperature distribution inside the turbine wheel is crucial. To obtain these temperatures the CHT-method has been applied to a radial turbine of a commercial Diesel turbocharger. The geometry and physical conditions are taken from gas stand tests. Hence, the model includes the entire wheel, the twin scroll housing, and the inlet and outlet pipe. In addition to aerodynamic boundary conditions, thermal boundary conditions have been obtained from gas stand tests. Thermocouples have been applied to blades, hub, back, and shaft close to the piston ring and near to the bearings. The signals have been transmitted via telemetry. A heat transfer investigation clarifies the essential heat transfer mechanisms. The interaction between fluid and solid leads to a non-uniform heat transfer direction, i.e. in some wheel regions heat is even discharged. A discussion about the influence of boundary conditions proves the need to implement not only the turbine wheel solid walls but to include each wall as a solid domain. Since CFD-results are strongly dependent on the boundary conditions, different models are discussed and their influence on the temperature distribution is shown.
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Gonzalez, Miguel, Robert Adams, Tim Thiel, Chinthaka Gooneratne, Arturo Magana-Mora, Ali Safran, Faisal Ghamdi, et al. "Autonomous Viscosity/Density Sensing System for Drilling Edge-Computing System." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21968-ms.
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Abstract Current mud monitoring practices are limited due to their reliance on manual measurements such as funnel viscometers, weight balances, or basic field rheometers. These manual practices impose restraints on the quantity and quality of the available data that are essential to ensure optimal and safe drilling operations. In this study, we introduce a new autonomous mud viscosity/density system based on an electromechanical tuning fork resonator. The system was integrated into an edge-computing system for improved data collection and deployment of machine learning models. The system was tested during a live drilling campaign. The viscosity/density sensor is based on an electromechanical tuning fork resonator. The sensor was integrated into a submergible housing for in-tank measurements. Two systems were developed for simultaneous measurements at inflow (possum belly) and outflow (suction pit). The data from the two systems were broadcast wirelessly to the central computer room at the rig for real-time display and data aggregation by the edge-computing system for the development of time-series analysis models using machine learning. During initial field testing, data from a single sensor were collected for various hours at a rate less than a sample per second. The test allowed for continuous monitoring of the mud consistency not accessible by current measurement practices. The data demonstrated the potential to perform real-time calculation and display of drilling parameters and to detect anomalies in the fluid that might be indicative of developing operational problems, which would enable the instrument to be used as an early-warning system and real-time calculation of drilling parameters. The system detailed here provides an essential building block to enable drilling automation. The robustness and compactness of the instrument allow it to be installed at various points in the mud circulation system for the generation of large data sets that can be processed using modern analytics algorithms in an edge-computing framework.
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Ingistov, Steve, Gary Meredith, and Erik Sulda. "Brush Seals for the No. 3 Bearing of a Model 7EA Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0558.
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Gas Turbines in power generation are frequently of the single rotor type. The rotor is directly connected to the electrical generator. The rotor may be supported by two journal bearings or in some cases there is an additional journal bearing situated between the axial compressor discharge and the gas turbine intake. This third bearing serves to provide the rotor with additional support required to reduce rotor dynamic instabilities. The third bearing is, therefore, inside the machine housing and a significant amount of maintenance work is necessary to inspect it. The third bearing is also exposed to elevated temperatures by, essentially, being surrounded by compressor discharge air. A certain amount of compressor discharge air leaks through the seals into the cylindrical space around the third bearing housing and from there, due to significant pressure gradients, into the third bearing. Labyrinth seals are provided to impede air leakage from the pressurized cylindrical space into the bearing cavity. The air that leaks into the bearing housing mixes with a buffer air stream. This buffer air stream serves to cool the bearing cavity and to prevent leakage of hot, high-pressure air into the bearing cavity. Two dry air streams are then routed into the atmosphere via the coaxial space formed by two cylindrical surfaces. The portion of the buffer air stream contacting the bearing lubricating oil is de-misted in a special de-mister vessel. The de-misted air is exhausted into the atmosphere and the separated oil is returned to the gas turbine lubricating oil reservoir. This Paper discusses the introduction of brush seals into the No. 3 bearing housing as an additional element in retarding the high pressure, high temperature air infiltration into the No. 3 bearing housing.
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Bush, Bob, and Shu Li. "Semi-Empirical Approach to Predicting Temperatures of a Non-Opaque Surface." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1596.
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The methods used in predicting the thermal profile of a high-pressure mercury arc lamp housed in an electronics enclosure are discussed. These types of enclosures are typically operated in harsh environments. High temperature and low pressure air is typically used to cool the electronics inside. A lamp, which dissipates roughly one half of the total power within the box, must be cooled sufficiently so as to not affect the performance of the circuit cards. Since the majority of the heat being transferred from the lamp’s center arc tube to its surrounding atmosphere (to the lamp housing and then to the circuit cards inside the electronics box) is via radiation, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code with a radiation solver was essential to drive the design. Fluent Icepak was chosen as a capable code for electronic box type problems. However, lcepak does not account for radiative transfer through non-opaque surfaces. Since the lamp housing is very transmissive in the infrared at certain wavelengths, the energy equations could not be solved using only analytical techniques. Therefore, tests were conducted that first characterized the thermal performance of the lamp and then predicted the energy that was conducted and absorbed by the glass housing (made up of a reflector and front cover). The remaining power was then assumed to be transmissive in nature. In the computational model, powers were iteratively applied to various locations on the lamp housing until the model matched the empirical results. Once the lamp model was characterized, it could be used to drive the design of any type of enclosure in any type of environment.
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Shen, Xiaoyao, and Yongcheng Xie. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Control Rod Drive Mechanism Under the Stepping Impact Force for Nuclear Power Plants." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54359.
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The control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) is an important safety-related component in the nuclear power plant (NPP). When CRDM steps upward or downward, the pressure-containing housing of CRDM is shocked axially by an impact force from the engagement of the magnetic pole and the armature. To ensure the structural integrity of the primary coolant loop and the functionality of CRDM, dynamic response of CRDM under the impact force should be studied. In this manuscript, the commercial finite element software ANSYS is chosen to analyze the nonlinear impact problem. A nonlinear model is setup in ANSYS, including main CRDM parts such as the control rod, poles and armatures, as well as nonlinear gaps. The transient analysis method is adopted to calculate CRDM dynamic response when it steps upward. The impact loads and displacements at typical CRDM locations are successfully obtained, which are essential for design and stress analysis of CRDM.
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Grauer, Michael J., Iris K. Howley, Joseph B. Kopena, and William C. Regli. "Towards a Format Registry for Engineering Data." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35652.
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There has been a great deal of interest recently in the problem of long term archiving of digital data. This is especially so in engineering design, where the CAD software tools evolve rapidly but the manufactured products themselves have much longer lifetimes whose support requires archived design data in a usable form. The ISO Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS) Reference Model is a widely used standard for digital archiving, with an essential piece of this model being a file format registry. A file format registry is a system for housing information about file formats that allows for correct interpretation, rendering, storage, and translation of digital files. Currently there exists no file format registry specifically for CAD file formats. This paper explains the purpose of a file format registry for CAD in the greater context of digital archiving, and then presents our approach to creating a CAD file format registry using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) language of the Semantic Web. By creating our file format registry in RDF, we allow archival systems to perform automated reasoning on the stored files. We hope that this paper will increase awareness of this element of engineering design repositories in the research community of this conference.
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Sequeira, Sebastien, Kevin Bennion, J. Emily Cousineau, Sreekant Narumanchi, Gilbert Moreno, Satish Kumar, and Yogendra Joshi. "Validation and Parametric Investigations Using a Lumped Thermal Parameter Model of an Internal Permanent Magnet Motor." In ASME 2020 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2020-2550.
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Abstract One of the key challenges for the electric vehicle industry is to develop high-power-density electric motors. Achieving higher power density requires efficient heat removal from inside the motor. In order to improve thermal management, a multi-physics modeling framework that is able to accurately predict the behavior of the motor, while being computationally efficient, is essential. This paper first presents a detailed validation of a Lumped Parameter Thermal Network (LPTN) model of an Internal Permanent Magnet (IPM) synchronous motor within the commercially available Motor-CAD® modeling environment. The IPM motor’s stator is studied at steady state, and winding losses are generated by a constant DC current. The validation is based on temperature comparison with experimental data and with more detailed Finite Element Analysis (FEA). All critical input parameters of the LPTN are considered in detail for each layer of the stator, especially the contact resistances between the impregnation, liner, laminations and housing. Finally, a sensitivity analysis for each of the critical input parameters is provided. A maximum difference of 4% — for the highest temperature in the slot windings and the end windings — was found between the LPTN and the experimental data. Comparing the results from the LPTN and the FEA model, the maximum difference was 2% for the highest temperature in the slot windings and end windings. As for the LTPN sensitivity analysis, the thermal parameter with the highest sensitivity was found to be the liner-to-lamination contact resistance. The latter is often ignored in the literature, whereas its impact on temperature rise was found to be more significant than any other contact resistance within the stator.
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Costall, Aaron W., Robert M. McDavid, Ricardo F. Martinez-Botas, and Nicholas C. Baines. "Pulse Performance Modeling of a Twin Entry Turbocharger Turbine Under Full and Unequal Admission." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59406.
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The pulsating nature of the gas flow within the exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine is not well captured by the quasi-steady techniques typically employed by cycle simulation programs for turbocharger modeling. This problem is compounded by the unequal admission conditions imposed on the turbine by the use of multiple entry housings, installed as standard on pulse turbocharged diesel engines. This unsteady behavior presents the simulation engineer with a unique set of difficulties when modeling turbocharger turbines. It is common for experienced analysts to accommodate multiple entries by splitting the flow across duplicate components and by tuning the level of interference between volute entries, but this necessarily bespoke approach is limited to upstream modifications that cannot capture true turbine unsteady operation. This paper describes recent simulation code development work undertaken at Caterpillar to improve machine sub-model accuracy essential for virtual product development meeting US nonroad Tier 4 emission standards. The resulting turbine performance model has been validated against experimental data for a twin entry turbocharger suitable for heavy duty nonroad applications, obtained using a permanent magnet eddy-current dynamometer and pulse flow test facility. Comparison between experiment and prediction demonstrates good agreement under full admission in terms of both instantaneous flow capacity and turbine actual power, though unequal admission results indicate the need for further model development.