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1
Malik, Arun, and Babita Pandey. "CIAS." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 12, no. 1 (January 2018): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2018010103.
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Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is considered as an essential component of Intelligent Transport system. VANET has gained an ample amount of attention from the researchers and automobile industry. Security and privacy are the primary requirements in the successful deployment of vehicular communication in VANET. Lack of security and confidentiality in VANETs is the primary barricade in the successful deployment of VANET. To establish trust within the entities participating in VANET operations is the primary aim of VANET security and play a vital role in prevention of attack in VANET. This paper describes a comprehensive identity authentication scheme (CIAS) based on asymmetric encryption that facilitates the authentication for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and inter RSUs. The proposed scheme is validated by extensive simulations and compared with the related works on the basis of communication overhead (CO), Latency and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The result of simulations shows that proposed authentication scheme outperforms.
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Ha, Hye-Lin, and Ulrich Siebenlist. "The adaptor protein CIKS/Act1 is essential for imiquimod-induced psoriasis. (P6269)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 193.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.193.4.
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Abstract Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte (KC) proliferation and differentiation and by an influx of inflammatory immune cells. The IL-23/IL-17 axis is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Imiquimod (IMQ) can induce/exacerbate psoriasis in patients and it induces a psoriasis-like condition in mice. In addition to IL-17A/F, IL-17C has also recently been implicated in IMQ-induced psoriasis. To determine by what mechanisms IL-17 cytokines critically contribute to psoriasis, we investigated a mouse model in which signaling by all IL-17 cytokines is abrogated due to the loss of the obligate adaptor protein CIKS/Act1. Importantly, the gene for CIKS has also been identified as a strong susceptibility locus in psoriasis. Here we show that IMQ induced many of the typical phenotypes of human psoriasis in wild-type mice, but largely failed to do so in CIKS-deficient mice. In addition to promoting the influx of inflammatory cells, IL-17 signaling via CIKS contributed to increased proliferation of KCs and inhibited their terminal differentiation. Mice lacking CIKS in KCs only were protected from some, but not all of the pathologic phenotypes associated with psoriasis in this model. These data demonstrate that CIKS is essential for IMQ-induced psoriasis by mediating the signaling of IL-17 cytokines in several distinct cell types. Thus our findings identify CIKS as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in this disease.
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Ha, Hye-Lin, Hongshan Wang, and Ulrich Siebenlis. "The adaptor protein CIKS/Act1 is essential for imiquimod-induced psoriasis. (171.25)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 171.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.171.25.
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Abstract Psoriasis is a relapsing skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and by an influx of inflammatory immune cells. The IL-23/IL-17 cytokines axis is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The TLR7/8 ligand Imiquimod (IMQ) can induce/exacerbate psoriasis in patients and it induces a psoriasis-like condition in mice. In addition to IL-17A and IL-17F, which are produced primarily by Th17 and innate T cells, IL-17C has very recently been implicated in IMQ-induced psoriasis as well. To determine by what mechanisms IL-17 cytokines critically contribute to IMQ-induced psoriasis, we have begun to investigate a mouse model in which signaling by all IL-17 cytokines is abrogated due to the loss of the obligate adaptor protein CIKS/Act1. Importantly, the gene for this adaptor protein has also recently been identified as a strong susceptibility locus in psoriasis. Here we show that IMQ applications induced many markers of psoriasis in wild-type mice, but failed to do so in CIKS-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that signaling by IL-17 cytokines via the adaptor protein CIKS is essential for IMQ-induced psoriasis and thus the CIKS pathway may provide targets for therapeutic intervention in psoriasis. We will report on the progress in understanding the functions of IL-17 cytokines in development of psoriasis.
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Yang, Qiong-Qiong, Dan Zhang, Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha, Xiao Yang, Hua-Bin Li, Kin-Weng Kong, Jia-Rong Zhang, et al. "Phytochemicals, essential oils, and bioactivities of an underutilized wild fruit Cili (Rosa roxburghii)." Industrial Crops and Products 143 (January 2020): 111928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111928.
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Claudio, Estefania, Søren Ulrik Sønder, Sun Saret, Gabrielle Carvalho, Thirumalai R. Ramalingam, Thomas A. Wynn, Alain Chariot, et al. "The Adaptor Protein CIKS/Act1 Is Essential for IL-25-Mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 3 (January 20, 2009): 1617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1617.
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Njotini, Mzukisi Niven. "Protecting Critical Databases – Towards a Risk Based Assessment of Critical Information Infrastructures (CIIS) in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i1a2318.
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South Africa has made great strides towards protecting critical information infrastructures (CIIs). For example, South Africa recognises the significance of safeguarding places or areas that are essential to the national security of South Africa or the economic and social well-being of South African citizens. For this reason South Africa has established mechanisms to assist in preserving the integrity and security of CIIs. The measures provide inter alia for the identification of CIIs; the registration of the full names, address and contact details of the CII administrators (the persons who manage CIIs); the identification of the location(s) of CIIs or their component parts; and the outlining of the general descriptions of information or data stored in CIIs. It is argued that the measures to protect CIIs in South Africa are inadequate. In particular, the measures rely on a one-size-fits-all approach to identify and classify CIIs. For this reason the South African measures are likely to lead to the adoption of a paradigm that considers every infrastructure, data or database, regardless of its significance or importance, to be key or critical.
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Stanbery, Billy J., Daniel Abou-Ras, Akira Yamada, and Lorelle Mansfield. "CIGS photovoltaics: reviewing an evolving paradigm." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 17 (December 30, 2021): 173001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4363.
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Abstract Copper indium selenide chalcopyrite-structure alloys with gallium (CIGS) are unique among the highest performing photovoltaic (PV) semiconductor technologies. They are structurally disordered, nonstoichiometric materials that have been engineered to achieve remarkably low bulk nonradiative recombination levels. Nevertheless, their performance can be further improved. This review adopts a fundamental thermodynamic perspective to comparatively assess the root causes of present limitations on CIGS PV performance. The topics of selectivity and passivation of contacts to CIGS and its multinary alloys are covered, highlighting pathways to maximizing the electrochemical potential between those contacts under illumination. An overview of absorber growth methods and resulting properties is also provided. We recommend that CIGS researchers consider strategies that have been successfully implemented in the more mature wafer-based GaAs and Si PV device technologies, based on the paradigm of an idealized PV device design using an isotropic absorber with minimal nonradiative recombination, maximal light trapping, and both electron-selective and hole-selective passivated contacts. We foresee that CIGS technology will reach the 25% efficiency level within the next few years through enhanced collection and reduced recombination. To significantly impact power-generation applications, cost-effective, manufacturable solutions are also essential.
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Pisitkun, Prapaporn, Estefania Claudio, Nina Ren, Hongshan Wang, Silvia Bolland, and Ulrich Siebenlist. "CIKS/Act1 is required for collagen-induced arthritis (93.3)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2010): 93.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.93.3.
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Abstract Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a widely used animal model for human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Th17 cells are thought to be critical for development of RA and CIA, mediated in part via production of IL-17. CIKS/Act1 is an important adaptor molecule for signaling by IL-17 and related cytokines. Although evidence suggests a role for IL-17 in RA, the physiologic relevance of CIKS/Act1 in RA and the CIA model has not been evaluated. We have applied the CIA model to CIKS deficient and wild-type (WT) B6 mice. Based on clinical scores and histochemical analyses, arthritis could be induced in WT, but not CIKS deficient mice. The production of collagen type 2-specific antibodies (CII-Abs) and neutrophil recruitment to the joint were also blocked in CIKS deficient mice. We also performed CIA model studies in mice with compound deficiency in CIKS and FcgammaRIIb (B6). Although the loss of FcgammaRIIb greatly exacerbated arthritis in the CIA model in CIKS-sufficient mice, arthritis and production of CII-Abs were still blocked in the absence of CIKS. In addition we determined that CIKS is not required in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model, in contrast to this adaptor’s role in CIA. These data suggest a crucial role of CIKS during the generation of CII-Abs and clearly implicate the CIKS adaptor as essential for development of CIA and thus a potential therapeutic target in RA.
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Nashikkar, Piyush Suresh, Sung-Min Rhee, Chintan Vinod Desai, and Joo Han Oh. "Is Anatomical Healing Essential for Better Clinical Outcome in Type II SLAP Repair? Clinico-Radiological Outcome after Type II SLAP Repair." Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery 10, no. 3 (2018): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/cios.2018.10.3.358.
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Borek, Piotr. "Recognition through Traditional Values. A Literary Representation of dāna* as an Essential Way of Boosting Royal Worthiness." Cracow Indological Studies 18, no. 18 (2016): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.18.2016.18.09.
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Zhou, Yang, Meng Wang, Siming Lin, and Caiyun Qian. "Relationship between Children’s Independent Activities and the Built Environment of Outdoor Activity Space in Residential Neighborhoods: A Case Study of Nanjing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169860.
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Children are a vulnerable population that is frequently overlooked in urban planning. The spatial demands of children are garnering broader consideration in the development of public spaces in cities as efforts to promote child-friendly cities. Children’s independent activities (CIAs) during childhood are undeniably beneficial to their physical and mental health. Residential areas are the main places for children’s daily activities. Building a suitable outdoor activity space in the community for children’s recreation is an essential foundation for improving CIAs and promoting the development of child-friendly neighborhoods. A sample of 15 typical children’s outdoor activity spaces in residential neighborhoods of Nanjing, China, was selected for the study to observe and record CIAs. The built environment indicators of residential outdoor spaces were extracted, and correlation analysis was employed to investigate the residential outdoor space elements relevant to CIAs. The results indicated that at the site level, higher percentages of tree coverage and soft paving enhanced CIAs, while high functional mix inhibited them. Additionally, gated communities, top-notch sanitation, secure facilities, neighborhoods with higher residential densities, and a diversity of activity facilities all stimulated children to engage in independent activities. Furthermore, questionnaires for the guardian indicated that they placed a high priority on site safety, and that waterfront areas and activity sites where incidents had occurred decreased parents’ willingness to allow participation in CIAs, whereas safety education or the use of positioning devices may promote CIAs. Based on the above results, we proposed appropriate adaptations for places in residential neighborhoods. The study expects to create a higher quality environment in residential neighborhoods for children to play in public spaces and provide beneficial help to improve the child-friendly neighborhood.
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Şükür oğlu Daşdəmirov, Kamandar, and Tamara Yuriy qızı Abbasova. "Effect of food addition on aminturic and protein reactions of blood of sex animals." NATURE AND SCIENCE 18, no. 3 (March 19, 2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/18/5-9.
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Kiçik Qafqazın şimalında yayılmış Yemişan cinsinə aid 2 növü (beşyuvalı yemişan - Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit., qafqaz yemişanı - С. caucasica С.Koch.) bioekoloji və fitokimyəvi cəhətdən kompleks şəkildə tədqiq edilmişdir. Yemişan növlərinin yarpaqları, çiçəkləri və meyvələri bioloji fəal maddələr və onların komponentləri, mineral maddələr ilə zəngindir. Yemişan meyvələrinin zülal tərkibi əvəzolunan (alanin, serin, prolin və s.) və əvəzolunmayan (arginin, trlonin, triptofan, leysin və s.) aminturşularla zəngindir. Respublikamıza gətirilmiş cins heyvanların yeminə yem əlavəsi kimi yemişan meyvələri istifadə edildikdə ət və süd məhsuldarlığının artması, qanın və südün kəmiyyət və keyfiyyət göstəricilərinin artması qeydə alınmışdır. Aminturşuların nəticələri AAA-analizatorunun, həmçinin PAAG köməyi ilə müəyyən edilmişdir. Zülal fraksiyalarının tərkibinin öyrənilməsi göstərdi ki, yemişan meyvələrinin yem əlavəsi kimi istifadəsi təmizcins və hibrid heyvanların ətin və südün bioloji dəyərliliyinin zənginləşdirilməsində mühüm rol oynayır. Açar sözlər: amin turşu, zülal, fraksiya, analizator, yem əlavəsi Kamandar Shukur oglu Dashdamirov Tamara Yuri gizi Abbasova Effect of food addition on aminturic and protein reactions of blood of sex animals Abstraсt Two species of hawthorn (Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. Et Kit., Hawthorn - S. caucasica - S. Koch.) Distributed in the north of the Lesser Caucasus have been studied in a complex bioecological and phytochemical way. The leaves, flowers and fruits of hawthorn species are rich in biologically active substances and their components, minerals. The protein content of hawthorn fruit is rich in essential amino acids (alanine, serine, proline, etc.) and essential (arginine, trlonin, tryptophan, leucine, etc.). An increase in meat and milk productivity, an increase in the quantity and quality of blood and milk were recorded when hawthorn was used as a feed additive to the feed of breeding animals imported to our country. The results of amino acids were determined using the AAA-analyzer, as well as PAAG. The study of the composition of protein fractions showed that the use of hawthorn fruit as a feed additive plays an important role in enriching the biological value of meat and milk of purebred and hybrid animals. Keywords: amino acid, protein, fraction, analyzer, feed additive
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Galuba, Rafał. "Bazy danych w archiwach państwowych. Podstawy prawne i wykorzystanie praktyczne." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 36, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2013.36.2.2.
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On the XX turning point and the 21st century with important process occurring in the sphere of functioning of the civil service, including the state archival service, there is a transformation to the global information society, of which providing the free flow for information is a base in an electronic form. The development of electronic administration and becoming widespread are standing the on-line documentation new challenges in collecting, taking over, protecting and making archival materials available before the state archival service. He/she requires not only a computer development of infrastructure and giving the essential provisions essential for the appropriate circulation to the on-line documentation, but also preparing authors and archivists for assessing (of classifying and classifying) of on-line documentation. New tasks are standing in the sphere of disseminating archive information in an electronic form. Legal grounds for creating, the protection and correct practical functioning of databases at national archives consist of two types of provisions: 1) general, which constitutional bases are regulating you and civil rights, principles of operation of administration and public institutions and the process of the computerization of the public sector; 2) detailed – of archival law which is resolving principles of archival activity. Databases are playing an important role in the computerization of national archives and disseminating archive information amongst citizens. Still they are essential of action in favour of increasing their effectiveness and the public application as part of the realization of the concept of development of the global information society. Otherwise national archives and their users will be ruled out computer, when existing solutions in implementing electronic administration and managing the on-line documentation will remain on the margin of the worldwide process for the computerization.
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Ha, Hye-Lin, Hongshan Wang, and Siebenlist Ulrich. "IL-17 is crucial for psoriatic inflammation, but also initiates an anti-inflammatory feedback loop via signaling into keratinocytes." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 149.18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.149.18.
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Abstract The IL-17 cytokines make crucial contributions to chronic inflammatory skin disease and anti-IL-17 antibodies have proven to be highly efficacious in treating psoriasis. IL-17 cytokines signal via the obligatory adaptor CIKS/Act1. Previously, we have identified critical roles of CIKS-mediated signaling in imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation. IL-17/CIKS-mediated signaling into keratinocytes was essential for neutrophil infiltration and contributed to pathology by promoting proliferation and dampening terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. Interestingly, IL-17 signaling into keratinocytes also exerted negative feedback, delimiting continued accumulation of IL-17-producing γδ T cells in skin. We now demonstrate that the negative feedback is mediated in part via IL-19, a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. IL-19 is strongly induced by IL-17-stimulated keratinocytes and appears to function by suppressing recruitment of IL-17-producing γδ T cells over time, thereby dampening IL-17 production. This stands in contrast to IL-17/CIKS-mediated signaling into non-keratinocytes – specifically dermal fibroblasts - which initially promoted cellular infiltration and enhanced accumulation of IL-17-producing γδ T cells in skin, comprising an early positive feed-forward mechanism. Our data show that CIKS-mediated signaling is dynamic; it is central to the development of both dermal and epidermal hallmarks of psoriasis, but also initiates mechanisms that ultimately mitigate further tissue damage. The latter mechanisms may offer additional avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Siebenlist, Ulrich, Hye-lin Ha, Hongshan Wang, Estefania Claudio, and Wanhu Tang. "IL-17 drives but can also restrain psoriatic inflammation via distinct, target cell-specific mechanisms." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 51.31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.51.31.
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Abstract Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and by an influx of inflammatory cells. The mechanisms underlying psoriasis in humans and mice are still only partially understood, although IL-17 cytokines are known to make crucial contributions, cytokines that signal via the obligatory adaptor CIKS/Act1. Here we identify critical roles of CIKS/Act1-mediated signaling in imiquimod-induced psoriatic inflammation, a mouse model that shares features with the human disease. We found that IL-17 cytokines/CIKS-mediated signaling into keratinocytes was essential for neutrophilic microabscess formation; in addition, it contributed to hyperproliferation and markedly attenuated differentiation of keratinocytes, at least in part via direct effects. Interestingly, IL-17 signaling into keratinocytes also exerted a negative feedback to eventually delimit further accumulation of IL-17-producing γδ T cells in skin. This stands in contrast to IL-17 cytokines/CIKS-mediated signaling into non-keratinocytes, particularly dermal fibroblasts, which promoted cellular infiltration and enhanced accumulation of IL-17-producing γδ T cells in skin, comprising an initial positive feed-forward mechanism. We will report on recent progress in understanding in particular the mechanism by which signaling into keratinocytes eventually feeds back to prevent excessive IL-17 production. Our data show that CIKS-mediated signaling is dynamic and central to the development of both dermal and epidermal hallmarks of psoriasis, but also activates mechanisms that delimit inflammation.
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Houshmand, Mohammad, and M. Hossein Zandi. "Modeling of optical losses in graphene contacted CIGS solar cells." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 27 (October 10, 2016): 1650342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503425.
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For the first time, an optical model is applied to superstrate configuration of CdS/CIGS thin film solar cells with graphene front/back contact (FC/BC) to simulate the loss in current density and efficiency. Graphene shows to be a great candidate to replace with the metallic BC transparent conductive oxides as the front electrode. Our model is based on the refractive index and extinction coefficient and takes into account the reflection and absorption in interfaces and layer’s thickness, respectively. CIGS cells with graphene as front electrode have a lower current density and efficiency than the one with graphene BC. However, the bifacial configuration shows a higher current density and efficiency, mostly because of a higher transmission rate. The interference effect was observed in simulation of transmission rate of hybrid cells representing that graphene can cause multiple reflection. We simulated the device parameters versus the ZnO layer’s thickness, which is essential for high quality interfaces. However, the simulation results are also consistent when CdS thickness is replaced with inorganic ZnO.
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Isik Andrikopoulos, Gozde, Konstantinos Farsalinos, and Konstantinos Poulas. "Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Their Relevance in Oral Health." Toxics 7, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7040061.
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The number and popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and especially e-cigarettes (e-cigs) have been increasing in the last decade. Although ENDS owe their popularity to excluding the harmful chemicals that are present in tobacco smoke, there is a debate whether they are safe, regulated, and as harmless as they are assumed to be and have potential unknown long-term effects. Involvement of cigarette smoking to the progression of periodontal diseases, other adverse oral health outcomes, and its detrimental effects to oral health are well-described. ENDS producer companies claim that these products can improve oral health by providing alternatives to smoking. However, the effect of e-cigs on oral health is not fully understood and is still debated among many scientists and clinicians. The number of studies addressing the potential toxic effect of ENDS or e-cig aerosol on oral cells is limited along with the clinical studies which are still preliminary, and their sample size is limited. The long-term effects of inhaled aerosols and the potential synergistic effect of the e-cigs components are not known. It is essential and of utmost importance to determine whether exposure to ENDS aerosol contributes to the progression of periodontal diseases and how it affects periodontal ligament and gingival cells which are believed to be its first targets. This review briefly summarizes the available evidence about the effects of e-cigs on periodontal health including several pathophysiological events, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, cellular senescence, dysregulated repair, and periodontal diseases.
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Leciejewski, Sławomir. "Metafilozoficzne aspekty współczesnej myśli kosmologicznej." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 53 (June 27, 2022): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2022.53.5.
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The objective of this article is to provide an answer to the question as to how to philosophize within the context of science, which constitutes a more specific version of one of the essential metaphilosophical questions: how should one philosophize? A compelling answer to such inquiries was proposed at the end of the 20th century by the Cracow philosophers of nature and went under the name of „philosophy in science” research program. In this elaboration, on the basis of findings originating in the cosmological domain, I analyze to what extent this is indeed an innovative answer to the metaphilosophical question stated above – that is how to philosophize within the context of science.
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Franca V Muniz, Luis Flavio, Jessica Francisco Meireles, Daissuke Kajita, and Melissa Ameloti G Avelino. "Emergency Transfemoral Amputation in a Severely Sick and Hemodynamically Unstable Patient through Eco-Guided Peripheral Nerve Block: Case Report." Clinics in Surgery 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.25107/cis-v6-id7782.
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Critically ill and/or anticoagulated patients remain a great challenge for anesthesiologists regarding the anesthetic procedure. Its perioperative management should focus on organ preservation and avoid further damage. In this context, ultrasound-guided regional blocks are essential tools, as they avoid neuraxial invasion and deterioration in borderline hemodynamics, conferred by spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia, respectively. In this report, we present a case of a patient with septic shock, anticoagulated, and in need of an emergency surgical approach in the right lower limb in which ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block was essential for a favorable outcome for the patient. Case Report: Patient in septic shock in need of amputation of the right lower limb at the level of the thigh, with unstable hemodynamics and severe respiratory conditions, undergoing ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block, of the right femoral, sciatic and lateral cutaneous nerves of the thigh, as a single anesthetic technique. Conclusion: Regional anesthesia of the peripheral nerve guided by ultrasound as a unique anesthetic technique, performed by experienced professionals or under supervision, is effective and safe for lower limb surgical procedures. We suggest this approach, especially in hemodynamically borderline patients or seriously ill with or without anticoagulation.
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Stachowska, Ewa. "Poland as a case study for some aspects of religion, mediatisation, and secularisation." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 41 (March 15, 2016): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2016.41.5.
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The interactions between religion and the media are characterized by a great complexity, manifesting itself inter alia in the impact on the spheres of culture, education and religion, making these dimensions almost obliged to subordinate themselves to the influence of the media, as well as to use the media tools in their activity to fulfill the basic or constitutive aims. In this article one of the aspects of the relationship existing between religion and the media will be discussed, namely, the use of the Internet by the Catholic Church – mainly in Poland, though not only – to distribute religious content and ideas, originally contributing to the support of the pastoral ministry and evangelization. At the same time, the features of the recipients of these activities will be outlined, indicating – at least indirectly – the effectiveness and accuracy of both the inevitable and essential alliance between the sacrum and the media nowadays.
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Kędzia, Ilona. "The Transforming Science." Cracow Indological Studies 22, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.22.2020.01.07.
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The Transforming Science: Some Remarks on the Medico-Alchemical Teachings in Selected Works of Siddha Yākōpu, with Special Reference to the Kuru Nūl Aimpattaintu
The paper explores the concept of variously conceived transformations associated with figurative transcendence of manifold limitations, referred to in medico-alchemical Tamil Siddha literature. The research has been based on the study of selected texts of Yākōpu alias Irāmatēvar, one of prominent Tamil Siddha authors dated to 17th–18th centuries. Special reference has been made to the Kuru Nūl Aimpattaintu (“Fifty-five [Verses] of the Book on the Excellence”), considered by its author as a book containing some essential teachings of his science. The transformations referred to in the text concern both the domains of the human body, and the non-biological matter, being the object of alchemical operations of the Siddha adept. Such transforming science taught by Yākōpu is based on the action of certain substances credited with extraordinary potency.
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Davis, Jessica L., Christina M. Lockwood, Catherine M. Albert, Karen Tsuchiya, Douglas S. Hawkins, and Erin R. Rudzinski. "Infantile NTRK-associated Mesenchymal Tumors." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 21, no. 1 (July 6, 2017): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526617712639.
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Pediatric fibroblastic/myofibroblastic lesions are a relatively common group of tumors with varying morphologies, for which the molecular mechanisms are becoming increasingly well characterized. Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma (CIFS), perhaps the most well studied of these lesions is characterized by a recurrent ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. However, a notable subset of locally aggressive congenital/infantile soft tissue lesions with similar morphologic features to CIFS, have not to-date, shown evidence of any canonical molecular aberration. We describe 6 patients with mesenchymal tumors composed of infiltrative fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumor cells and showing a morphologic spectrum of features much analogous to that previously described in CIFS but without ETV6 fusion transcripts. These tumors lacked a uniform immunoprofile, but showed variable expression of CD34, S100, smooth muscle actin, and CD30. All patients first developed a mass in infancy (≤2 months of age). Using next-generation DNA sequencing, TMP3-NTRK1 fusions were identified in 4 cases, an LMNA-NTRK1 fusion in one case, and a variant EML4-NTRK3 fusion in one case. Similar to infantile fibrosarcoma, these tumors were locally aggressive (with local recurrences if incompletely excised) and rarely metastasized (lung metastases in one patient). Proper identification of these tumors including investigation for NTRK family gene rearrangements is essential for diagnostic accuracy, as well as for clinical management decisions. Given the morbidity associated with radical resection of large soft tissue tumors, children with unresectable, recurrent, and/or metastatic disease may benefit from treatment with NTRK targeted therapies.
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Piotr Werner, Piotr Werner. "Kreatorzy, gestorzy i internauci – od baz danych przestrzennych do map numerycznych i wirtualnych globusów." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 36, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2013.36.2.4.
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The basic elements of Geographic Information Systems are spatial databases. There are multiply interfaces of views and queries as well as methods of reporting. They are multi-resolution and multi-representations. Additional elements are standardized metadata. Currently they are developing as the technologies of distributed processing using wireless networks and global positioning systems. The procedures of spatial data bases creation are based on well recognized and defined methodology. Recent development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is the cause that traditional division of work concerning spatial databases among authors, administrators and users changes itself. Directional propagation of information (according to Shannon theory) from authors through administrators to users is changing. Users are simultaneously authors and administrators, sharing their own collections of spatial data and vice versa, sometimes professionals use such collections supporting and updating professional spatial databases using public access data. Creation, assembling and dissemination of spatial data provided voluntarily by individuals has been defined as Volunteered Geographic Information. There are a lot of impacts of this new trend involving essential, legal and economic aspects as well as creating the new qualities in culture of the societies.
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Rubiyanto, Dwiarso, and Da'watun Fitriyah. "Isolation of CIS- And Trans-Sitrals from Basil Essential Oil (Ocimum Citriodorum, L) with Bisulfit Extraction Method and Steam Distillation Method." Indonesian Journal of Essential Oil 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijeo.2016.001.01.01.
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Wenta, Aleksandra. "Becoming the Dancer: Dissolving the Boundaries between Ritual, Cognition, and Theatrical Performance in Non-dual Śaivism." Cracow Indological Studies 20, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 259–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.20.2018.01.10.
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This paper explores the connection between cognitive ritual and theatrical performance in non-dual Śaivism based on the textual study of the Mahārthamañjarī written by Maheśvarānanda (13th–14th centuries) and related texts. The Mahārthamañjarī incorporates the image of the dancing Śiva of Chidambaram to expound certain ideas of non-dual Śaiva doctrine and practice. One of the most important issues discussed by Maheśvarānanda was the meaning of Śiva’s dance and the possibility for a man or a human agent to become Śiva-the Dancer by performing the Five Acts (pañcakṛtya). Surveying the different meanings of pañcakṛtya that have developed over time, this paper explores how Maheśvarānanda’s project of discovery one’s own status as Śiva-the Dancer is essentially a discovery of being an agent of the Five Acts.
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Dolata, Dorota. "Na Śródce rewolucji nie było, czyli słabe więzi w procesie rewitalizacji." Człowiek i Społeczeństwo 33 (June 15, 2012): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cis.2012.33.8.
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The term “weak ties” can be discussed in the context of both, interpersonal relationships in an anonymous metropolis and a mass society. Can the case of ródka in Pozna" be applied to certain questions relating to the phenomenon of weak ties? It is clearly visible, that revitalisation in this area of the city has lost its momentum now. Municipal program was a temporary way to avoid progressive degradation and increasing gentrification. However, in the most lively period of projects and events at ródka experts often referred to the traditional ties between inhabitants and invoked the urgency of their activities. Even the minimum effort and engagement was to trigger the renovation processes and contribute to the so-calledsustainable development of ródka. It is worth asking at this point, who emphasized the role of local relations and animated the sequence of revitalizing events? What were the goals of revitalization animators? Did we come across the true cooperation of local residents, or perhaps the social participation was limited to the show for "tourists" from other parts of the city? Were the city officials able to engage the community of ródka? And if not the officials – were the artists able to (re)build relationships and connections between inhabitants? Their projects – both individual and group ones – are an important material for research To understand the growing complexity of the case of ródka, it is essential to discover its historical background and consider the relative isolation of ródka in the previous times. In the first half of the twentieth century, the district was perceived as a local base of crafts and small trade. Its distinctive mark were strong neighborhood ties. Can these ties – partly mythologized – now become the driving force of the revitalization?
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Eltuhamy, Reham A., Mohamed Rady, Eydhah Almatrafi, Haitham A. Mahmoud, and Khaled H. Ibrahim. "Fault Detection and Classification of CIGS Thin-Film PV Modules Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Scheme." Sensors 23, no. 3 (January 22, 2023): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031280.
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The use of artificial intelligence to automate PV module fault detection, diagnosis, and classification processes has gained interest for PV solar plants maintenance planning and reduction in expensive inspection and shutdown periods. The present article reports on the development of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for PV fault classification based on statistical and mathematical features extracted from outdoor infrared thermography (IRT) and I-V measurements of thin-film PV modules. The selection of the membership function is shown to be essential to obtain a high classifier performance. Principal components analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensions to speed up the classification process. For each type of fault, effective features that are highly correlated to the PV module’s operating power ratio are identified. Evaluation of the proposed methodology, based on datasets gathered from a typical PV plant, reveals that features extraction methods based on mathematical parameters and I-V measurements provide a 100% classification accuracy. On the other hand, features extraction based on statistical factors provides 83.33% accuracy. A novel technique is proposed for developing a correlation matrix between the PV operating power ratio and the effective features extracted online from infrared thermal images. This eliminates the need for offline I-V measurements to estimate the operating power ratio of PV modules.
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Neerken, Janet, Raymund Schäffler, and Stephan J. Heise. "Exploring reverse-bias characteristics of CIGS solar cells: impact of alkali-post-deposition treatment and CdS buffer layer." EPJ Photovoltaics 13 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022023.
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The characteristics of solar cells in the reverse voltage direction are essential for the resilience of a photovoltaic module against partial-shading induced damage. Therefore, it is important to establish a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that lead to reverse breakdown in solar cells. This work studies thin-film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorber layers. Systematic material variations are investigated in order to learn more about the mechanisms governing reverse breakdown in these devices. To this end, devices with different thicknesses of the CdS buffer layer and with and without a RbF-post-deposition treatment (PDT) of the absorber layer were fabricated. The resulting current-voltage characteristics at negative voltage biases reveal that devices break down at much more negative voltages if they underwent a PDT, if the buffer layer thickness is increased, or if the buffer layer is not photoexcited. This implies that possibly a PDT may be disadvantageous for the shading tolerance of a module. The further analysis indicates that several mechanisms are involved in the reverse breakdown. Whereas tunneling currents in the buffer layer seem to play a major role for the actual breakdown, the strong effect of the PDT is probably caused by a reduction of shunt leakage currents along grain boundaries which lowers material heating.
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Silky, Silky, Vishwambhar Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Priyanku Chakraborty, Ashvanee Kumar Chaudhary, Siva S, Shishupal Yadav, Deepak Kumar Gupta, and Arpit Goyal. "Radiological Imaging inDiagnosis andManagement ofFungal Rhinosinusitis." National Medicos Organisation 16, no. 01 (2022): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.53772/nmo.2022.16105.
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Fungal sinusitis has been increasing in number throughout the world off lately. The classification of fungal rhinosinusitis has evolved drastically. Broadly it is classified in two groups that is invasive fungal rhinosinusitis and non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. There are five subgroups to these. The invasive group comprises of acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS), chronic invasive fungal sinusitis (CIFS), chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis (CGIFS) whereas the non-invasive group consists of fungal ball and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS). These five subtypes have specific radiological and clinical features. The treatment strategies and prognoses for the subtypes are also different, and depends ontheir characteristics features. It is important to understand the different types of fungal sinusitis and knowledge of their particular radiologic features are important for the clinician to use appropriate diagnostic techniques for confirmation. Relevantdiagnosis and initiation of adequate therapy are essential to avoid any adverse consequence.
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Mamatha, IV, D. Sarada, and N. Konda Reddy. "Psychosocial Care and Support Services for Children Infected with AIDS." Nursing Journal of India CVII, no. 06 (2016): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48029/nji.2016.cvii603.
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Children living with AIDS experience a great deal of social stigma and discrimination. This results in children being marginalised from essential services such as education and health. The present study assessed the socio-demographic variables and the identified the psychosocial needs of HIV infected children and the services for children infected with AIDS in public and private sectors. A total of 180 children infected with AIDS, and 180 service providers were included as sample. Random and purposive sampling techniques were used. A structured interview schedule consisting of needs and services of HIV infected children was given to caretakers and service providers. The study areas were Visakhapatnam, Chittoor and Khammam districts. The data collected was subjected to relevant statistical analysis. The psychological care and support needs of CIAs identified by caretakers in three study areas were compared, it was found that there was difference between the sample in Khammam and Chittoor as odds ratio was 3.038 (>1) and p-value 0.01 (p<0.05).
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Bronzoni, Matteo, Lorenzo Colace, Andrea De Iacovo, Antonino Laudani, Gabriele Lozito, Valentina Lucaferri, Martina Radicioni, and Stefano Rampino. "Equivalent Circuit Model for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells Operating at Different Temperatures and Irradiance." Electronics 7, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7110324.
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The modeling of photovoltaic cells is an essential step in the analysis of the performances and characterization of PV systems. This paper proposes an experimental study of the dependence of the five parameters of the one-diode model on atmospheric conditions, i.e., irradiance and temperature in the case of thin-film solar cells. The extraction of the five parameters was performed starting from two sets of experimental data obtained from Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells fabricated by the low-temperature pulsed electron deposition technique. A reduced form approach of the one-diode model has been adopted, leading to an accurate identification of the cell. It was possible to elaborate suitable relations describing the behavior of the parameters as functions of the environmental conditions. This allowed accurately predicting the trends of the parameters from a pair of curves, instead of a whole set of measurements. The developed model describing the dependence on irradiance and temperature was validated by means of a large set of experimental measurements on several Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) devices built with the same technological process.
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Costa, Pedro L. F., Monica M. França, Maria L. Katayama, Eduardo T. Carneiro, Regina M. Martin, Maria A. K. Folgueira, Ana C. Latronico, and Bruno Ferraz-de-Souza. "Transcriptomic Response to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Human Fibroblasts with or without a Functional Vitamin D Receptor (VDR): Novel Target Genes and Insights into VDR Basal Transcriptional Activity." Cells 8, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8040318.
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The vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates vitamin D actions beyond bone health. While VDR activation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) leads to robust transcriptional regulation, less is known about VDR actions in the absence of 1,25D. We analyzed the transcriptomic response to 1,25D in fibroblasts bearing a severe homozygous hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets-related p.Arg30* VDR mutation (MUT) and in control fibroblasts (CO). Roughly 4.5% of the transcriptome was regulated by 1,25D in CO fibroblasts, while MUT cells without a functional VDR were insensitive to 1,25D. Novel VDR target genes identified in human fibroblasts included bone and cartilage factors CILP, EFNB2, and GALNT12. Vehicle-treated CO and MUT fibroblasts had strikingly different transcriptomes, suggesting basal VDR activity. Indeed, oppositional transcriptional effects in basal conditions versus after 1,25D activation were implied for a subset of target genes mostly involved with cell cycle. Cell proliferation assays corroborated this conjectured oppositional basal VDR activity, indicating that precise 1,25D dosage in target tissues might be essential for modulating vitamin D actions in human health.
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Bezerra, Nelson Roberto de Albuquerque, Luiz Fernando Rezende de Souza, and José Rodrigues de Farias Filho. "O Projeto do Complexo Industrial Portuário Suape (CIPS): a transformação dos trabalhadores locais em trabalhadores globais e a influência das redes sociais – um estudo de caso." Sistemas & Gestão 1, no. 1 (July 22, 2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.20985/1980-5160.2017.v1n1.1297.
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<p>This article presents the importance of the Suape Industrial and Port Complex (CIPS), in Pernambuco, for the economy of scale, scope and generation of jobs and income in the SUAPE region. The integrated logistics of companies installed in CIPS reconfigured the economy and social networks from the organizational learning experienced by the local population in the change from the essentially agrarian environment to an industrial complex. This is an exploratory study of a qualitative nature, based on bibliographical research, using the case study method, which revealed the relationship between organizational learning and the configuration of social networks in the process of transformation of workers Global locations.</p>
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Okuda, Satohiro, Satoshi Fujita, Andrea Moretti, Ulrich Hohmann, Verónica G. Doblas, Yan Ma, Alexandre Pfister, Benjamin Brandt, Niko Geldner, and Michael Hothorn. "Molecular mechanism for the recognition of sequence-divergent CIF peptides by the plant receptor kinases GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 5 (January 21, 2020): 2693–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911553117.
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Plants use leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) to sense sequence diverse peptide hormones at the cell surface. A 3.0-Å crystal structure of the LRR-RK GSO1/SGN3 regulating Casparian strip formation in the endodermis reveals a large spiral-shaped ectodomain. The domain provides a binding platform for 21 amino acid CIF peptide ligands, which are tyrosine sulfated by the tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase TPST/SGN2. GSO1/SGN3 harbors a binding pocket for sulfotyrosine and makes extended backbone interactions with CIF2. Quantitative biochemical comparisons reveal that GSO1/SGN3–CIF2 represents one of the strongest receptor–ligand pairs known in plants. Multiple missense mutations are required to block CIF2 binding in vitro and GSO1/SGN3 function in vivo. Using structure-guided sequence analysis we uncover previously uncharacterized CIF peptides conserved among higher plants. Quantitative binding assays with known and novel CIFs suggest that the homologous LRR-RKs GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2 have evolved unique peptide binding properties to control different developmental processes. A quantitative biochemical interaction screen, a CIF peptide antagonist and genetic analyses together implicate SERK proteins as essential coreceptor kinases required for GSO1/SGN3 and GSO2 receptor activation. Our work provides a mechanistic framework for the recognition of sequence-divergent peptide hormones in plants.
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Baki, Cyrille Bassolo, Joost Wellens, Farid Traoré, Sié Palé, Bakary Djaby, Apolline Bambara, Nguyen T. T. Thao, Missa Hié, and Bernard Tychon. "Assessment of Hydro-Agricultural Infrastructures in Burkina Faso by Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 16, 2022): 13303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013303.
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Due to the semi-arid nature of the Sahelian countries in Africa, irrigation infrastructures are essential in supporting the improvement of agricultural production. Their proper operation is, therefore, a key indicator for the sustainable development of agriculture in this region. However, there is a lack of critical assessment on the operating state of these hydro-agricultural facilities in Burkina Faso. In this study, we applied a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) to 4070 hydro-agricultural facilities from 1950 to 2020 and classified them according to the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel’s (CILSS) typology classification system (Type 1 to Type 5). The MCA made it possible to see the relationships between a development typology and variables such as “functionality”, “condition of the development”, or “year of construction”. The results indicate that the irrigated lands with surface areas of less than 100 ha, which were funded by the government or organizations (associations, NGOs) and managed by local communities, are the least functional ones and in bad condition. Their dysfunction indeed conceals deep-seated causes that have not yet been resolved as the infrastructures keep on deteriorating. Therefore, establishing a sustainable and efficient management system for these agricultural infrastructures is imperative. The findings of this study can be used as a practical decision-making tool for implementing agricultural policies in the Sahel region.
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Hegde, Siddhant, Rashi Negi, and Hari Shanmugaratnam. "Are we adequately reviewing confusion inducing drugs in patients referred to the memory assessment service?" BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.520.
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AimsThe aim of this quality improvement evaluation project is to establish the standard of current practice in relation to reviewing confusion inducing drugs (CIDs) at the time of referral, as it has been hypothesised that these medications contribute to short term cognitive impairment. This is essential in order to establish the validity of the diagnostic processes of dementia syndrome in the memory assessment services.BackgroundIt has long been established that anti-cholinergic medications (ACMs) have contributed to short-term cognitive impairment in patients taking them. This is compounded with the fact that these medications may be continued without review, for longer than was originally intended. The impact of polypharmacy, subsequent anti-cholinergic burden, and the overlapping presence of delirium, may call into question the validity of a diagnosis of dementia in patients who have not been correctly vetted during the course of their assessment. This quality improvement evaluation aims to assess whether patients’ medications are being reviewed before diagnosing a memory disorder. This is in accordance with guidance set out by the NG97 NICE guidelines, The Royal College of Psychiatrists Memory Service National Accreditation Programme (MSNAP), and the National Institute on Ageing and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA).MethodAll new referrals to the memory assessment service during July and August 2019 were systematically reviewed and data extracted from the memory referral document and entries on RIO from first point of contact. The following data were recorded: patient ID, GPCOG/6CIT score, final diagnosis, CID prescriptions and CID review.ResultThe results were collated using a data-set of 216 patients (136 females and 80 males,) of which the mean age was 79 years. It was noted that 36% of patients had not had any sort of cognitive assessment before referral, which identifies an area for improvement. However the most substantial finding was that only 10 patients (5%) had a CID prescription review documented in the RIO notes.ConclusionOur data suggest that in our memory assessment service, only a small proportion of patients are having a documented review of their CIDs prior to diagnosis of dementia. In order to improve this and thus improve compliance with guidelines from the Royal College of Psychiatrists MSNAP and the NIA-AA, measures will be taken to issue each dementia support worker and nurse with a CID prescription review card, which will list those medications to consider and flag for review.
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Balaji, Raju, and Madasamy Parani. "DNA Barcoding of the Market Samples of Single-Drug Herbal Powders Reveals Adulteration with Taxonomically Unrelated Plant Species." Diversity 14, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060495.
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Herbal drugs are increasingly becoming a viable alternative to allopathic medicine. Since powdered herbal drugs are more prone to adulteration than intact plant parts, their authentication becomes essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. This study authenticated 107 single-drug herbal powders, representing 65 species from 60 genera and 35 families, collected from the markets in Tamil Nadu, India. DNA barcoding using the rbcL marker revealed that 58 samples (54%) were authentic, and 49 (46%) were adulterant. About 41% of the adulterant samples were a mixture of more than one species, possibly due to unintentional cross-contamination during processing. In 59% of the adulterant samples, the authentic species was entirely substituted with taxonomically and medicinally unrelated species, 72% of which belonged to different orders and families, while 28% were from other genera. Despite the taxonomic diversity, 20% of adulterant spe, cies had a morphological resemblance to the authentic species. It is not known whether their use as adulterants is intentional. In a detailed study on DNA barcoding of 17 powder samples from Ocimum tenuiflorum, 88% of the samples were authentic. These results indicate that the extent of adulteration is not high in all the species. Approximately, 95% of the samples collected for this study were produced by companies with limited resources and expertise in the unorganized sector. Hence, training them on species identification and providing simple and cost-effective authentication tools will likely reduce adulteration in the market samples.
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Gopal, Bansal, Dwivedi Ashok Kumar, and Mini K.V. "CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF INDRIYA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VAGENDRI-YA - A REVIEW." December 2020 8, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 5368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj2808122020.
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Sense organs of human body can be undertaken as essential aspects of human life. Our world is alive with stimuli, all the objects and events that surround us. Sensation and perception are the processes that allow us to detect and understand various stimuli. We do not actually experience these stimuli directly, rather, our senses allow us to get information about aspects of our environment, and we then take that information and form a perception of world. Sensation is the processes of receiving stimulus energies from external envi-ronment and transforming those energies into neural energy. Physical energy such as light, sound, heat is detected by physical receptors cells in the sense organs-eyes, ears, skin, nose and tongue. When the recep-tor cells register a stimulus, the energy is converted to an electrochemical impulse or action potential that relays information about stimulus through the nervous system to brain. An action potential is brief wave of electric charge that sweeps down the axon of a neuron for possible transmission to another neuron. When it reaches the brain, the information travels to the appropriate area of cerebral cortex. The brain gives mean-ing to sensation through perception. Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory infor-mation so that it makes sense. Every species is adapted to sense and perceive stimuli that matter to that spe-cies ability to survive in its environment. Ayurved says that Indriyas able to pertain knowledge of Vishayas - Sabda, Sparsa, Rupa, Rasa and Gandha. The production of speech is pertained by the help of Vagendri-ya. Acharya Charak said that knowledge is obtained by conjoint action of Aatma, Indriya, Mana and Vishayas.
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Noël, Alexandra, Shannon Hansen, Anusha Zaman, Zakia Perveen, Rakeysha Pinkston, Ekhtear Hossain, Rui Xiao, and Arthur Penn. "In utero exposures to electronic-cigarette aerosols impair the Wnt signaling during mouse lung development." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 318, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): L705—L722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00408.2019.
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Currently, more than 9 million American adults, including women of childbearing age, use electronic-cigarettes (e-cigs). Further, the prevalence of maternal vaping now approaching 10% is similar to that of maternal smoking. Little, however, is known about the effects of fetal exposures to nicotine-rich e-cig aerosols on lung development. In this study, we assessed whether in utero exposures to e-cig aerosols compromised lung development in mice. A third-generation e-cig device was used to expose pregnant BALB/c mice by inhalation to 36 mg/mL of nicotine cinnamon-flavored e-cig aerosols for 14–31 days. This included exposures for either 12 days before mating plus during gestation (preconception groups) or only during gestation (prenatal groups). Respective control mice were exposed to filtered air. Subgroups of offspring were euthanized at birth or at 4 wk of age. Compared with respective air-exposed controls, both preconception and prenatal exposures to e-cig aerosols significantly decreased the offspring birth weight and body length. In the preconception group, 7 inflammation-related genes were downregulated, including 4 genes common to both dams and fetuses, denoting an e-cig immunosuppressive effect. Lung morphometry assessments of preconception e-cig-exposed offspring showed a significantly increased tissue fraction at birth. This result was supported by the downregulation of 75 lung genes involved in the Wnt signaling, which is essential to lung organogenesis. Thus, our data indicate that maternal vaping impairs pregnancy outcomes, alters fetal lung structure, and dysregulates the Wnt signaling. This study provides experimental evidence for future regulations of e-cig products for pregnant women and developmentally vulnerable populations.
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Fleszar, Andrew J., Alyssa Walker, Pamela K. Kreeger, and Jacob Notbohm. "Substrate curvature induces fallopian tube epithelial cell invasion via cell–cell tension in a model of ovarian cortical inclusion cysts." Integrative Biology 11, no. 8 (August 2019): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intbio/zyz028.
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Abstract Throughout the body, epithelial tissues contain curved features (e.g. cysts, ducts and crypts) that influence cell behaviors. These structures have varied curvature, with flat structures having zero curvature and structures such as crypts having large curvature. In the ovary, cortical inclusion cysts (CICs) of varying curvatures are found, and fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells have been found trapped within these cysts. FTE are the precursor for ovarian cancer, and the CIC niche has been proposed to play a role in ovarian cancer progression. We hypothesized that variations in ovarian CIC curvature that occur during cyst resolution impact the ability of trapped FTE cells to invade into the surrounding stroma. Using a lumen model in collagen gels, we determined that increased curvature resulted in more invasions of mouse FTE cells. To isolate curvature as a system parameter, we developed a novel technique to pattern concave curvatures into collagen gels. When FTE cells were seeded to confluency on curved substrates, increases in curvature increased the number of invading FTE cells and the invasion distance. FTE invasion into collagen substrates with higher curvature depended on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but expression of collagen I degrading Mmps was not different on curved and flat regions. A finite-element model predicted that contractility and cell–cell connections were essential for increased invasion on substrates with higher curvature, while cell–substrate interactions had minimal effect. Experiments supported these predictions, with invasion decreased by blebbistatin, ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or N-cadherin-blocking antibody, but with no effect from a focal adhesion kinase inhibitor. Finally, experimental evidence supports that cell invasion on curved substrates occurs in two phases—a cell–cell-dependent initiation phase where individual cells break away from the monolayer and an MMP-dependent phase as cells migrate further into the collagen matrix.
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Tsembalyuk, S. I., A. V. Kisagulov, and А. Е. Nekrasov. "Osteological complexes of the Bronze to Iron Age transitional period, and the Early Iron Age, in the hillfort of Maray 1 (Ishim River region)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 4 (51) (November 27, 2020): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-51-4-9.
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The article deals with osteological complexes of the Maray 1 hillfort located in the forest-steppe area of the Ishim River region. The research materials were obtained from the excavations carried out in 2010 and 2019. The main periods of the site habitation recorded for the hillfort are the early chronological horizon represented by the settlement of the Krasnoozerka Culture of the Bronze to Iron Age transitional period (9th–7th c. BC), and the late cultural layer which is marked by the hillfort of the beginning of the Early Iron Age, left by the population of the Baitovo Culture (4th–2nd c. BC). From each layer associated with different periods of the site habitation, archaeo-zoological collections have been selected. The purpose of this work is to determine the type of economy of the Maray 1 population during the two major habitation phases. The essential research materials comprised of oste-ological collections obtained from the Krasnoozerka and Baitovo layers. The research technique included bone determinations based on comparison with the reference skeletal collections from the Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Yekaterinburg), using anatomy atlases [Gromova, 1950]. Determination of subfossil bird bones was carried out in the same institute, and it in-cluded comparison of the bones from the settlement with the reference osteological collection of modern bird spe-cies. The species attribution was based on morphological structure of the bones and their fragments. The oste-ological collection of the Maray 1 hillfort is stored in the Museum under No. 2361. Analysis of the species compo-sition of osteological complexes from the two main habitation periods allowed distinguishing domestic and wild animals, including birds. The proportions of the number of bones and representatives of domestic and wild fauna have been analyzed. In the Krasnoozerka Culture materials, significant predominance of wild animal bones has been determined, which suggests that the economy of the Krasnoozerka settlement was dominated by the appropri-ating activities with a significant role of hunting (mainly elk). In the Baitovo layer, bones of domestic animals signifi-cantly prevail over those of wild fauna, suggesting that the economy was based on producing sectors.
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Manix, Thomas, Michael R. Gunderson, and Geoffrey C. Garth. "Comparison of Prehospital Cervical Immobilization Devices Using Video and Electromyography." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 10, no. 4 (December 1995): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00042096.
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AbstractIntroduction:Previous evaluations of prehospital devices intended for spinal immobilization have focused on the device's ability to restrict motion only. This study defines six relevant criteria for evaluation of cervical immobilization device (CID) performance.Objectives:To suggest relevant criteria for evaluation and use available technology to improve measurements for performance testing of prehospital-care devices.Methods:Six parameters (motion restriction, access, ease of application, environmental performance, radiolucency, and storage size) were used to evaluate three types of CIDs: Device A—a single-use corrugated board; Device B—a reusable foam-block CID; and Device C—hospital towels and adhesive tape. To test motion restriction, the most frequently compared parameters for immobilization devices, 20 volunteers were asked to move their heads and necks through a series of motions (flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation). Their movements were videotaped, still images of each movement were generated, and the degrees of deflection recorded from these still images. To ensure a consistent level of force, electromyography (EMG) of the sternodydomastoid and extensor muscles was employed.Results:Data were produced for each parameter and presented for comparison. The use of video to determine deflection proved to be a useful and highly accurate (±1°) method for measurement. The use of EMG technology enabled force to be controlled indirectly when the subjects used moderate levels of exertion. Overall, Devices A and C restricted motion better than Device B. Although Device C required the shortest time for application, it took the longest to prepare for application. The total time required for preparation and application of A and B essentially were equivalent, with A requiring no preparation time but taking the longest for application, and B having an intermediate interval for application. Device A allowed for the best examination of the head and neck. No differences were detected in performance in extreme environmental conditions or in radiolucency for cervical spine X-ray examinations. Device A consumed the smallest storage volume, B the greatest storage volume, and C an intermediate volume substantially greater than that required for A.Conclusion:Device evaluation should include examination of all relevant performance parameters using the most accurate and meaningful methods possible.
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Li, Xuanzhang, Yang Wei, Gaotian Lu, Zhen Mei, Guangqi Zhang, Liang Liang, Qunqing Li, Shoushan Fan, and Yuegang Zhang. "Gate-tunable contact-induced Fermi-level shift in semimetal." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 17 (April 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119016119.
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Significance Resistivity comparison methodology was developed to measure and analyze the contact-induced Fermi-level shift (CIFS) as well as the interfacial charge transfer in low-dimensional semimetal–semiconductor (Sm-S) systems. The Fermi-level catch-up model was further built to depict the gate-tunable CIFS in such Sm-S systems. The Schottky barrier height for the Sm-S junction can be modified by introducing the CIFS term. The progress in this work will have an important role in promoting the research of Sm-S junctions, which are essential building blocks for future low-dimensional nanodevices.
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Liu, Xuan, Zhaofei Liu, and Haoshan Wei. "Trends of terrestrial water storage and actual evapotranspiration in Chinese inland basins and their main affecting factors." Frontiers in Environmental Science 10 (August 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.963921.
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The Chinese inland basins (CIBs) are vulnerable to global warming and human activities due to low precipitation and high potential evaporation. Terrestrial water storage (TWS) is an important component of the hydrological cycle and essential for evaluating the water resource security of the CIBs. Although some studies have focused on water storage trends in sub-basins of the CIBs, only few studies have analyzed water storage trends in the CIBs as a whole. In this study, trends and magnitudes of precipitation, TWS, and actual evapotranspiration (AET) were detected by the rank-based non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and trend magnitude method. Based on the hydrological budget of the closed inland basin, the monthly series of AET were simulated and the main factors affecting TWS changes in the CIBs and each closed basin were identified. Results showed that both precipitation and AET significantly increased in the CIBs. Precipitation decreased from the northwest and southeast regions to the central region in the CIBs. Moreover, the annual TWS in the CIBs significantly decreased mainly due to the increased AET. Approximately 60% AET increase was attributed to increased irrigation diversions. At the basin scale, similar to the CIBs, changes in AET were the predominant factor influencing changes in TWS in the Tarim basin (TRB), Turpan basin (TPB), and Hexi Corridor basin (HCB). Qiangtang Plateau basin (QPB) Qaidam basin (QDB) the increase in precipitation contributed more than 60% increase in TWS glacier melting and irrigation diversion.
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TAŞKOR ÖNEL, Gülce, and Hatice Gözde YAMAN AKBAY. "Essential and Fixed Oils: Evaluation of Chemical Structure-Activity Relationship." Bayburt Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, March 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55117/bufbd.1021436.
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Bitkilerden ayrıştırılabilen, canlı sistemlere etkileri tanımlanan maddeler ve bunların farmasötik, kozmetik, gıda gibi alanlarda kullanımı her zaman dikkat çeken konulardan olmuştur. Bitkisel kaynaklardan örneğin çiçek, tohum, yaprak, kabuk, dal, köklerden elde edilen sabit ve uçucu yağlar için antiseptik, antibakteriyel, antifungal, antioksidan, antiviral aktiviteler bilinen en yaygın etkilerdendir. Aromaterapi, fiziksel ve ruhsal olarak yaşam kalitesini düzenlemek için uygulanan uçucu ve sabit yağlarla formüle edilen bütünsel tedavi yaklaşımıdır. Amerika Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri (NIH) aromaterapi yağlarının, solunum yolu üzerinden inhalatif ve difüzif yöntemlerinin, cilt üzerinden jel, krem, losyon şeklinde topikal uygulamalarının ve ağızdan çözelti, tablet, kapsül şeklinde dahili uygulamalarının olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Tıbbın babası olarak anılan Hipokrat’ın MÖ 400’lü yıllarda çok önem verdiği aromaterapi yağları ile ilgili güncel araştırma makale sayısı oldukça azdır. Uçucu ve sabit yağların kimyasal yapılarının tanınması, biyolojik aktivite ile ilişkilendirilmesi, aromaterapi uygulamalarına temel bilgi birikimi sağlaması açısından çok önemlidir. Bu derleme çalışmasında en çok kullanılan uçucu ve sabit yağlarla ilgili güncel ve güvenilir çalışmalar kimyasal yapı-aktivite uygulamaları açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
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Meng, Shuqi, Yalun Yan, Yousen Hu, Yisong Hu, and Tianming Ruan. "Research of Thermal Hydraulic Conditions Effect on PWR CIPS Risk." Frontiers in Energy Research 10 (March 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.823872.
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In order to reveal the effect of thermal hydraulic conditions on the PWR CIPS risk, the evaluation of a PWR CIPS risk in the first cycle under different core flow rates, average primary temperatures, power levels, and primary pressures was conducted by combining thermal hydraulic codes LINDEN and CRUD (Chalk River unidentified deposit) analysis software CAMPSIS. The research result illustrating the essential effect of thermal hydraulic conditions on CIPS is changing the SNB (subcooled nucleate boiling) level of the fuel assembly’s surface; thus, boron precipitation and local power distribution will be affected. Theoretical evidence and statistical support of the effect of thermal hydraulic conditions on the PWR CIPS risk could be obtained via this research.
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Abdulghani, Zuhair R., Asmaa Soheil Najm, Araa Mebdir Holi, Asla Abdullah Al-Zahrani, Khaled S. Al-Zahrani, and Hazim Moria. "Numerical simulation of quantum dots as a buffer layer in CIGS solar cells: a comparative study." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (May 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12234-0.
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AbstractQuantum bandgap buffer layers can improve sunlight absorption in the short wavelength region, hence improving the performance of CIGS solar cells. In this study, we use numerical modelling to determine the impact of various buffer layers' electrical characteristics on the performance of CIGS thin film photovoltaic devices, particularly, carrier concentration and the quantum effect. As well Ag2S buffer layer has been experimentally examined to fulfilment its effect in term of bulk and quantum bandgap. Experimental results depicted that, Ag2S QDs has polycrystalline nature of films, with smooth surface roughness, and average diameter 4 nm. Meanwhile, a simulation revealed that the Fermi level of the (n-buffer layer) material shifts closer to the conduction band with an increase in carrier concentration. The findings indicate that, a buffer layer with a wider bandgap and carrier concentration is an essential demand for achieving a device with a higher conversion efficiency and a broader bandgap-CBO window. It was attributed to beneficial synergistic effects of high carrier concentration and narrower depletion region, which enable carriers to overcome high CBO barrier. Most importantly, modelling results indicate that the optic-electrical characteristics of the buffer layer are critical in determining the progress of a CIGS solar cell.
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Horowitz, John B. "Habraken, Jacobs, and Ostrom on governing the built environment: the case of common interest developments." Journal of Institutional Economics, March 2, 2021, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137421000102.
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Abstract Habraken's Structure of the Ordinary (SOTO), Jacobs' view of cities, and Ostrom's Design Principles and Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework focus on essential elements and relationships for the effective governance of the environment. However, they have different perspectives about what is necessary for successful governance. This article compares and contrasts Habraken's, Jacobs', and Ostrom's views and applies them to Common Interest Developments (CIDs). Habraken, Jacobs, and Habraken discuss the importance of public territory. Habraken views public territory as relative: a territory in a built environment can be private relative to a larger, or higher level, territory, and public relative to an included, lower level, territory. Jacobs discusses the importance of connections and accommodating strangers without sacrificing safety. Ostrom views common-pool resources as goods whose use causes less to be available to others. For their part, CIDs represent a particular governance vehicle for defining what is public and private in large residential developments. For both Habraken and Ostrom, the transformation of the physical environment reflects agents' common values constrained by material, technical, cultural, and economic conditions. Rather than one mutual understanding, Jacobs wrote that balancing the commercial and the guardian values is crucial for society's health and survival.
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Willson, Rebekah, and Lisa M. Given. "The Effect of Misspellings on Information Retrieval in Online Public Access Catalogues." Proceedings of the Annual Conference of CAIS / Actes du congrès annuel de l'ACSI, October 23, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cais135.
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Spelling is an important literacy skill, crucial to successful searching in Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs). Students at the University of Alberta, were given 4 search tasks. They were given a topic and asked to find as many items on that topic in the OPAC as possible. They were allowed ... L’orthographe est une compétence d’alphabétisation importante, de même qu’un facteur essentiel de succès de la recherche dans les catalogues interrogeables en ligne (CIELs). Les étudiants de l’Université de l’Alberta ont reçu 4 tâches de recherche. Pour chaque tâche, ces derniers devaient retrouver un maximum de notices traitant de ce sujet dans le CIEL. Les étudiants pouvaient…
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Lyu, Ding, Runzhou Zhou, Chin-hsu Lin, Priya Prasad, and Liying Zhang. "Development and Validation of a New Anisotropic Visco-Hyperelastic Human Head Finite Element Model Capable of Predicting Multiple Brain Injuries." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 10 (March 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.831595.
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This paper reports on the latest refinement of the Finite Element Global Human Body Models Consortium 50th percentile (GHBMC M50) adult male head model by the development and incorporation of a new material model into the white matter tissue of the brain. The white matter is represented by an anisotropic visco-hyperelastic material model capable of simulating direction-dependent response of the brain tissue to further improve the bio-fidelity and injury predictive capability of the model. The parameters representing the material were optimized by comparing model responses to seven experimentally reported strain responses of brains of postmortem human subjects (PMHS) subjected to head impact. The head model was subjected to rigorous validation against experimental data on force–deflection responses in the skull and face, intracranial pressure, and brain strain responses from over 34 PMHS head impact experiments. Crash-induced injury indices (CIIs) for facial bone fracture, skull fracture, cerebral contusion, acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs), and diffuse brain injury were developed by reconstructing 32 PMHS and real-world injury cases with the model. Model predicted maximum principal strain (MPS) and stress were determined as fracture CIIs for compact bone and spongy bones, respectively, in the skull and face. Brain responses in terms of MPS, MPS rates, and pressure distribution in injury producing experimental impacts were determined using the model and analyzed with logistic regression and survival analysis to develop CIIs for brain contusions, diffuse brain injuries, and ASDH. The statistical models using logistic regression and survival analysis showed high accuracy with area under the receiver operating curve greater than 0.8. Because of lack of sufficient moderate diffuse brain injury data, a statistical model was not created, but all indications are that the MPS rate is an essential brain response that discriminates between moderate and severe brain injuries. The authors stated that the current GHBMC M50 v.6.0 is an advanced tool for injury prediction and mitigation of injuries in automotive crashes, sports, recreational, and military environments.