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Academic literature on the topic 'Essential cils'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Essential cils"

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Malik, Arun, and Babita Pandey. "CIAS." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 12, no. 1 (January 2018): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2018010103.

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Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is considered as an essential component of Intelligent Transport system. VANET has gained an ample amount of attention from the researchers and automobile industry. Security and privacy are the primary requirements in the successful deployment of vehicular communication in VANET. Lack of security and confidentiality in VANETs is the primary barricade in the successful deployment of VANET. To establish trust within the entities participating in VANET operations is the primary aim of VANET security and play a vital role in prevention of attack in VANET. This paper describes a comprehensive identity authentication scheme (CIAS) based on asymmetric encryption that facilitates the authentication for Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and inter RSUs. The proposed scheme is validated by extensive simulations and compared with the related works on the basis of communication overhead (CO), Latency and packet delivery ratio (PDR). The result of simulations shows that proposed authentication scheme outperforms.
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Ha, Hye-Lin, and Ulrich Siebenlist. "The adaptor protein CIKS/Act1 is essential for imiquimod-induced psoriasis. (P6269)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2013): 193.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.193.4.

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Abstract Psoriasis is a skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte (KC) proliferation and differentiation and by an influx of inflammatory immune cells. The IL-23/IL-17 axis is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Imiquimod (IMQ) can induce/exacerbate psoriasis in patients and it induces a psoriasis-like condition in mice. In addition to IL-17A/F, IL-17C has also recently been implicated in IMQ-induced psoriasis. To determine by what mechanisms IL-17 cytokines critically contribute to psoriasis, we investigated a mouse model in which signaling by all IL-17 cytokines is abrogated due to the loss of the obligate adaptor protein CIKS/Act1. Importantly, the gene for CIKS has also been identified as a strong susceptibility locus in psoriasis. Here we show that IMQ induced many of the typical phenotypes of human psoriasis in wild-type mice, but largely failed to do so in CIKS-deficient mice. In addition to promoting the influx of inflammatory cells, IL-17 signaling via CIKS contributed to increased proliferation of KCs and inhibited their terminal differentiation. Mice lacking CIKS in KCs only were protected from some, but not all of the pathologic phenotypes associated with psoriasis in this model. These data demonstrate that CIKS is essential for IMQ-induced psoriasis by mediating the signaling of IL-17 cytokines in several distinct cell types. Thus our findings identify CIKS as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in this disease.
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Ha, Hye-Lin, Hongshan Wang, and Ulrich Siebenlis. "The adaptor protein CIKS/Act1 is essential for imiquimod-induced psoriasis. (171.25)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 171.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.171.25.

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Abstract Psoriasis is a relapsing skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation and by an influx of inflammatory immune cells. The IL-23/IL-17 cytokines axis is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The TLR7/8 ligand Imiquimod (IMQ) can induce/exacerbate psoriasis in patients and it induces a psoriasis-like condition in mice. In addition to IL-17A and IL-17F, which are produced primarily by Th17 and innate T cells, IL-17C has very recently been implicated in IMQ-induced psoriasis as well. To determine by what mechanisms IL-17 cytokines critically contribute to IMQ-induced psoriasis, we have begun to investigate a mouse model in which signaling by all IL-17 cytokines is abrogated due to the loss of the obligate adaptor protein CIKS/Act1. Importantly, the gene for this adaptor protein has also recently been identified as a strong susceptibility locus in psoriasis. Here we show that IMQ applications induced many markers of psoriasis in wild-type mice, but failed to do so in CIKS-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that signaling by IL-17 cytokines via the adaptor protein CIKS is essential for IMQ-induced psoriasis and thus the CIKS pathway may provide targets for therapeutic intervention in psoriasis. We will report on the progress in understanding the functions of IL-17 cytokines in development of psoriasis.
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Yang, Qiong-Qiong, Dan Zhang, Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha, Xiao Yang, Hua-Bin Li, Kin-Weng Kong, Jia-Rong Zhang, et al. "Phytochemicals, essential oils, and bioactivities of an underutilized wild fruit Cili (Rosa roxburghii)." Industrial Crops and Products 143 (January 2020): 111928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111928.

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Claudio, Estefania, Søren Ulrik Sønder, Sun Saret, Gabrielle Carvalho, Thirumalai R. Ramalingam, Thomas A. Wynn, Alain Chariot, et al. "The Adaptor Protein CIKS/Act1 Is Essential for IL-25-Mediated Allergic Airway Inflammation." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 3 (January 20, 2009): 1617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1617.

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Njotini, Mzukisi Niven. "Protecting Critical Databases – Towards a Risk Based Assessment of Critical Information Infrastructures (CIIS) in South Africa." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i1a2318.

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South Africa has made great strides towards protecting critical information infrastructures (CIIs). For example, South Africa recognises the significance of safeguarding places or areas that are essential to the national security of South Africa or the economic and social well-being of South African citizens. For this reason South Africa has established mechanisms to assist in preserving the integrity and security of CIIs. The measures provide inter alia for the identification of CIIs; the registration of the full names, address and contact details of the CII administrators (the persons who manage CIIs); the identification of the location(s) of CIIs or their component parts; and the outlining of the general descriptions of information or data stored in CIIs. It is argued that the measures to protect CIIs in South Africa are inadequate. In particular, the measures rely on a one-size-fits-all approach to identify and classify CIIs. For this reason the South African measures are likely to lead to the adoption of a paradigm that considers every infrastructure, data or database, regardless of its significance or importance, to be key or critical.
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Stanbery, Billy J., Daniel Abou-Ras, Akira Yamada, and Lorelle Mansfield. "CIGS photovoltaics: reviewing an evolving paradigm." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 17 (December 30, 2021): 173001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4363.

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Abstract Copper indium selenide chalcopyrite-structure alloys with gallium (CIGS) are unique among the highest performing photovoltaic (PV) semiconductor technologies. They are structurally disordered, nonstoichiometric materials that have been engineered to achieve remarkably low bulk nonradiative recombination levels. Nevertheless, their performance can be further improved. This review adopts a fundamental thermodynamic perspective to comparatively assess the root causes of present limitations on CIGS PV performance. The topics of selectivity and passivation of contacts to CIGS and its multinary alloys are covered, highlighting pathways to maximizing the electrochemical potential between those contacts under illumination. An overview of absorber growth methods and resulting properties is also provided. We recommend that CIGS researchers consider strategies that have been successfully implemented in the more mature wafer-based GaAs and Si PV device technologies, based on the paradigm of an idealized PV device design using an isotropic absorber with minimal nonradiative recombination, maximal light trapping, and both electron-selective and hole-selective passivated contacts. We foresee that CIGS technology will reach the 25% efficiency level within the next few years through enhanced collection and reduced recombination. To significantly impact power-generation applications, cost-effective, manufacturable solutions are also essential.
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Pisitkun, Prapaporn, Estefania Claudio, Nina Ren, Hongshan Wang, Silvia Bolland, and Ulrich Siebenlist. "CIKS/Act1 is required for collagen-induced arthritis (93.3)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2010): 93.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.93.3.

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Abstract Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is a widely used animal model for human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Th17 cells are thought to be critical for development of RA and CIA, mediated in part via production of IL-17. CIKS/Act1 is an important adaptor molecule for signaling by IL-17 and related cytokines. Although evidence suggests a role for IL-17 in RA, the physiologic relevance of CIKS/Act1 in RA and the CIA model has not been evaluated. We have applied the CIA model to CIKS deficient and wild-type (WT) B6 mice. Based on clinical scores and histochemical analyses, arthritis could be induced in WT, but not CIKS deficient mice. The production of collagen type 2-specific antibodies (CII-Abs) and neutrophil recruitment to the joint were also blocked in CIKS deficient mice. We also performed CIA model studies in mice with compound deficiency in CIKS and FcgammaRIIb (B6). Although the loss of FcgammaRIIb greatly exacerbated arthritis in the CIA model in CIKS-sufficient mice, arthritis and production of CII-Abs were still blocked in the absence of CIKS. In addition we determined that CIKS is not required in the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model, in contrast to this adaptor’s role in CIA. These data suggest a crucial role of CIKS during the generation of CII-Abs and clearly implicate the CIKS adaptor as essential for development of CIA and thus a potential therapeutic target in RA.
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Nashikkar, Piyush Suresh, Sung-Min Rhee, Chintan Vinod Desai, and Joo Han Oh. "Is Anatomical Healing Essential for Better Clinical Outcome in Type II SLAP Repair? Clinico-Radiological Outcome after Type II SLAP Repair." Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery 10, no. 3 (2018): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.4055/cios.2018.10.3.358.

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Borek, Piotr. "Recognition through Traditional Values. A Literary Representation of dāna* as an Essential Way of Boosting Royal Worthiness." Cracow Indological Studies 18, no. 18 (2016): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.18.2016.18.09.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Essential cils"

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Paige, Eric-Lenn Michael. "Potencial antitumoral de esp?cies de Lippia (Verbenaceae) do Estado da Bahia." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2017. http://tede2.uefs.br:8080/handle/tede/713.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Lippia (Verbenaceae) is a plant genus distributed throughout all Southern and Central America, and Tropical Africa. Approximately 60 species are endemic in Brazil and 22 are endemic in the state of Bahia. Lippia has a long history of use in traditional medicine, the most common use being in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Despite Lippia?s extensive history in treating diseases, little is known about its anticancer properties against brain and central nervous system tumors. This paper explores the anticancer potential of 5 species of Lippia from the state of Bahia (Brazil),Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides and Lippia thymoides. To assess the cell viability of essential oils and methanol extracts derived from these species MTT assay was utilized. To assess the effects of the essential oils and methanol extracts on morphology of cancer cells a Nikon Ts-100 phase contrast microscope was used, and photos were taken with a Nikon E4300. All essential oils were evaluated at 0.1 mg.mL-1, 0.3 mg.mL-1, 0.5 mg.mL-1, and 1 mg.mL-1. All methanol extracts were evaluated at 1 ?g.mL-1, 10 ?g.mL-1, 100 ?g.mL-1, 500 ?g.mL-1, and 1000 ?g.mL-1. The ability to inhibit cell migration was assessed by wound heal assay. All methanol extracts were evaluated at 500 ?g.mL-1. All essential oils were evaluated at 0.1 mg.mL-1. To access the effects of essential oils and methanol extracts on the cell cycle flow cytometry was used. All methanol extracts were evaluated at 1000 ?g.mL-1. All essential oils were evaluated at 0.03 mg.mL-1. The essential oils derived from Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, and Lippia origanoides all drastically decreased the cell viability of the C6 cell line in a concentration dependent manner. The essential oil derived from Lippia thymoides increased cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. All of the methanol extracts appear to have the ability to abruptly decrease cell viability at either 500 ?g.mL-1 or 1000 ?g.mL-1 it. Lippia alnifolia and Lippia insignis both have the ability to significantly alter the morphology of the C6 cell line. Methanol extracts derived from Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides and Lippia thymoides all significantly inhibit the migration of C6 cells at a concentration of 500 ?g.mL-1. Essential oils obtained from Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides and Lippia thymoides significantly inhibited the migration of C6 cells at a concentration of 0.1 mg.mL-1. All methanol extracts and essential oils tested demonstrated the ability to induce some degree of nuclear fragmentation, vacuolization, and cytoplasmic swelling. These results indicate that the constituents of both the essential oils and methanol extracts should be isolated and their anticancer potential should be further explored.
Lippia (Verbenaceae) ? um g?nero de planta distribu?do pela Am?rica do Sul, Central e a ?frica Tropical. Aproximadamente 60 esp?cies s?o end?micas do Brasil e 22 s?o end?micas do estado da Bahia. Lippia tem uma longa hist?ria de uso na medicina tradicional, sendo o uso mais comum no tratamento de doen?as respirat?rias. Apesar da extensa hist?ria de Lippia no tratamento de doen?as, pouco se sabe sobre suas propriedades antitumorais contra tumores cerebrais. Este estudo buscou explorar o potencial antiglioma de ?leos essenciais e extratos metan?licos de Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides e Lippia thymoides em c?lulas de glioma da linhagem C6. Para avaliar a viabilidade celular foram utilizados o ensaio do MTT. Os efeitos das amostras na morfologia de c?lulas cancerosas foram avaliados utilizando-se um microsc?pio de contraste de fase Nikon Ts-100 e fotos com uma Nikon E4300. Os ?leos essenciais foram avaliados nas concentra??es de 0,1 mg.mL-1, 0,3 mg.mL-1, 0,5 mg.mL-1 e 1 mg.mL-1 e os extratos de metanol a 1 ?g.mL-1, 10 ?g.mL-1, 100 ?g.mL-1, 500 ?g.mL-1 e 1000 ?g.mL-1. A capacidade de inibir a migra??o celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de cicatriza??o da ferida, na qual os extratos foram avaliados a 500 ?g.mL-1 e os ?leos essenciais a 0,1 mg.mL-1. O ciclo celular foi avaliado na citometria de fluxo nas concentra??es de 1000 ug.mL-1 para os extratos e 0,03 mg.mL-1 para os ?leos essenciais. Os ?leos essenciais obtidos de Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina e Lippia origanoides reduziram drasticamente a viabilidade celular C6 de uma maneira concentrac?o-dependente. J? o ?leo essencial de Lippia thymoides aumentou a viabilidade celular de uma maneira concentrac?o-dependente. Todos os extratos de metanol parecem ter a capacidade de diminuir abruptamente a viabilidade celular em 500 ?g.mL-1 ou 1000 ?g.mL-1. Lippia alnifolia e Lippia insignis parecem ter a capacidade de alterar significativamente a morfologia da linha celular C6. Os extratos metan?licos de Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides e Lippia thymoides inibem significativamente a migra??o de c?lulas C6 a uma concentra??o de 500 ?g.mL-1. Os ?leos essenciais de Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoidese Lippia thymoides inibem significativamente a migra??o de c?lulas C6 a uma concentra??o de 0,1 mg.mL-1. Todos os extratos metan?licos e ?leos essenciais testados demonstraram a capacidade de induzir algum grau de fragmenta??o nuclear, vacuoliza??o e incha?o citoplasm?tico.Estes resultados indicam que os constituintes dos ?leos essenciais e extratos metan?licos devem ser isolados e seu potencial anticancer?geno deve ser explorado.
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Santos, Daiane Rodrigues dos. "Atividade inseticida de extratos e ?leos essenciais de esp?cies do G?nero Lippia contra Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) e Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky, 1855)." Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, 2017. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/503.

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The exploitation potential of new biopesticides sources is very broad in Brazil and worldwide. In the past few years, the search for these products has been intensified due to serious health and environmental issues caused by the use of synthetic insecticides. In this context, essential oils and extracts of vegetal species have been considered as an alternative to agriculture. Thus, the aim of this work was to test the insecticidal potential of species belonging to the genus Lippia Lippia insignis Mondenk 1976, Lippia lasiocalycina Schauer, 1832 e Lippia thymoides Martius & Schauer, 1832 no controle de insetos-praga que provocam danos econ?micos (Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, 1775 e Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, 1855) in the control of insect-pest responsible for economic damage (Callosobruchus. maculatus and Nasutitermes corniger). The samples were collected in the experimental area in the Horto Florestal (UEFS) and after the material was dried, the essential oils were extracted and the extracts were prepared. In vitro trials were performed in order to verify the effects of essential oils and extracts against C. maculatus and N. corniger. The methodology of exposition to contaminated surface, testing an initial concentration of aqueous and methanolic extract and essential oils was adopted to determine the insecticidal activity of extracts and oils. The mortality was verified 24 and 48 hours after treatment application, and the product with major potential on the insect mortality was diluted in different concentrations to determine the medium lethal concentration (LC50). The repellent activity against C. maculatus and N. corniger was evaluated. Moreover, specific tests with C. maculatus investigated the product efficiency in two methods of application, as well as the quantification and identification of chemical constituents present in the studied species oils using GC/FID and GC/MS techniques. The results obtained revealed, occurrence highlighted of ?-mirceno and E -ocimenona in the sample of L. lasiocalycina, in L. insignis were prominent ?-mirceno e o limoneno. For L. thymoides the main constituents were: E-cariofileno e o ?xido de cariofileno.for C. maculatus, the essential oil of L. insignis stood out as insecticidal activity with CL50 of 3,11 ?l/ml. Although both methods of application showed efficiency in the control of this insect-pest, there was no repellent activity verified in the oil of L. insignis (5?l/ml). For N. corniger, the essential oils of all tested species, as well as the methanolic extract of L. insignis exhibited promising results in the control of this insect-pest. It was also verified that L. lasiocalycina possessed lower LC50 (0,47 ?l/ml) compared to L. insignis (0,88 ?l/ml) and L. thymoides (3,64 ?l/ml), while the LC50 of L. insignis methanolic extract was 27,84 mg/ml. Furthermore, essential oils and methanolic extracts of Lippia studied species revealed repellent activity in the N. corniger in vitro trials.
O potencial de explora??o de novas fontes de biopesticidas ? bastante amplo no Brasil e no mundo. Nos ?ltimos anos, a busca por esses produtos tem se intensificado em virtude dos graves problemas de sa?de e ambientais advindos do uso de inseticidas sint?ticos. Neste contexto, os ?leos essenciais e extratos de esp?cies vegetais tem se mostrado uma boa alternativa para a agricultura. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o potencial inseticida de esp?cies pertencentes ao g?nero Lippia (Lippia insignis Mondenk 1976, Lippia lasiocalycina Schauer, 1832 e Lippia thymoides Martius & Schauer, 1832 no controle de insetos-praga que provocam danos econ?micos (Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius,1775 e Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, 1855). A coleta das plantas foi realizada na ?rea experimental do Horto Florestal da UEFS e o material coletado, ap?s a secagem, foi destinado a extra??o de ?leos essenciais e preparo dos extratos. Foram realizados ensaios in vitro para verifica??o dos efeitos dos ?leos essenciais e extratos contra C. maculatus e N. corniger. Para a determina??o inicial da atividade inseticida dos extratos e ?leos foi utilizada a metodologia de exposi??o ? superf?cie contaminada, testando-se uma concentra??o inicial do extrato aquoso, extrato metan?lico e ?leos essenciais. A mortalidade foi verificada 24 e 48 hs ap?s a aplica??o dos tratamentos. O produto com maior potencial sobre a mortalidade dos insetos testados foi dilu?do em diferentes concentra??es para determina??o da concentra??o letal mediana (CL50). A atividade repelente contra C. maculatus e N. corniger foi avaliada. Al?m disso, testes espec?ficos com C. maculatus investigaram a efici?ncia do produto em dois m?todos de aplica??o, bem como a quantifica??o e identifica??o de constituintes qu?micos presentes nos ?leos de esp?cies estudados utilizando t?cnicas GC/ FID e GC / MS. Os resultados demonstraram, a ocorr?ncia destacada do ?-mirceno e E-ocimenona nas amostras de L. lasiocalycina, em L. insignis destacaram-se, ?-mirceno e limoneno. Para L. thymoides os constituintes principais foram: E-cariofileno e o ?xido de cariofileno. Para C. maculatus, que o ?leo essencial da esp?cie L. insignis destacou-se quanto ? atividade inseticida com CL50 de 3,11 ?l/ml. Embora ambos os m?todos de aplica??o tenham se mostrado eficientes no controle deste inseto-praga, n?o foi verificada atividade repelente do ?leo de L. insignis (5?l/ml). Para N. corniger, os ?leos essenciais de todas as esp?cies testadas, al?m do extrato metan?lico da esp?cie L. insignis mostraram-se promissores no controle a este inseto-praga. Foi verificado que a esp?cie L. lasiocalycina apresentou menor CL50 (0,47 ?l/ml) comparada a L. insignis (0,88 ?l/ml) e L. thymoides (3,64 ?l/ml), j? o extrato metan?lico de L. insignis obteve CL50 de (27,84 mg/ml). Os ?leos essenciais e extrato metan?lico das esp?cies de Lippia estudadas demonstram atividade repelente a N. corniger nos ensaios in vitro.
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Ahrens, Christian H. "Identification of essential Cis- and Trans-acting sequences involved in baculovirus DNA replication." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34947.

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Li, Shih-Chun, and 黎世俊. "Essential amino acids involved in the catalysis of cis-type undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase and trans-type octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase from E. coli and their reaction mechanisms." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91690420485146653075.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
生化科學研究所
92
Isoprenoids are widely distributed natural polymers containing isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) as building block. The biosyntheses of isoprenoids are carried out by a group of enzymes called prenyltransferases which catalyze the head to tail condensation between IPP and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to make linear long-chain products. These FPP-utilizing enzymes play essential biological role, e.g. the C55 undecaprenyl pyrophosphate (UPP) generated by UPP synthase (UPPs) serves as a lipid carrier to transport lipid II across the bacterial cell membrane for peptidoglycan synthesis of the cell wall; Octaprenyl pyrophosphate synthase (OPPs) catalyzes the sequential condensation of five molecules of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to generate all-trans C40-octaprenyl pyrophosphate, which constitutes the side chain of ubiquinone. Previously, we have solved the complete kinetic pathways and 3-D structures of E. coli UPPs and OPPs. Based on the crystal structure, some amino acids in neighborhood of the active site are proposed to play important roles in substrate binding and the reaction. However, the amino acids which act as general acid and base in the catalysis have not been identified. In this study, we utilized pH profile in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis to examine the important residues. Some novel method of study has also been developed.
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Books on the topic "Essential cils"

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Bert, Joseph J. Le. CICS essentials: For application developers and programmers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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Adesina, David K. Essential information on co-operative credit societies (CTCS & CICS). Ibadan, Nigeria: DAC-Prints, 1998.

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Essentials of CICS/VS command level programming using COBOL. Dubuque, Iowa: W.C. Brown Publishers, 1989.

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Bert, Joseph J. Le. CICS Essentials: For Application Developers and Programmers. McGraw, 1993.

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Bunt, Gary R. Hashtag Islam. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643168.001.0001.

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This book explores the diverse ways digital technology is shaping how Muslims across vast territories relate to religious authorities in fulfilling spiritual, mystical, and legalistic agendas. From social networks to websites, essential elements of religious practices and authority now have representation online. Muslims, embracing the immediacy and general accessibility of the internet, are increasingly turning to cyberspace for advice and answers to important religious questions. Online environments often challenge traditional models of authority, however. One result is the rise of digitally literate religious scholars and authorities whose influence and impact go beyond traditional boundaries of imams, mullahs, and shaikhs. The book shows how online rhetoric and social media are being used to articulate religious faith by many different kinds of Muslim organizations and individuals, from Muslim comedians and women’s rights advocates to jihad-oriented groups, such as the “Islamic State” and al-Qaeda, which relied on strategic digital media policies to augment and justify their authority and draw recruits. Hashtag Islam makes clear that understanding CIEs is crucial for the holistic interpretation of authority in contemporary Islam.
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Book chapters on the topic "Essential cils"

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Jayatilake, Dimanthi, and Thamali Kariyawasam. "DNA Markers: An Essential Tool for Cis-genic Improvement of Rice." In Concepts and Strategies in Plant Sciences, 183–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06628-3_10.

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Klaver, Marieke, and Eric Luiijf. "Analyzing the Cyber Risk in Critical Infrastructures." In Issues on Risk Analysis for Critical Infrastructure Protection [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94917.

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Information and communication technology (ICT) plays an important role in critical infrastructures (CIs). Some ICT-based services are in itself critical for the functioning of society while other ICT elements are essential for the functioning of critical processes within CIs. Moreover, many critical processes within CIs are monitored and controlled by industrial control systems (ICS) also referred to as operational technology (OT). In line with the CI-concept, the concept of critical information infrastructure (CII) is introduced comprising both ICT and OT. It is shown that CIIs extend beyond the classical set of CIs. The risk to society due to inadvertent and deliberate CI/CII disruptions has increased due to the interrelation, complexity, and dependencies of CIs and CIIs. The cyber risk due to threats to and vulnerabilities of ICT and OT is outlined. Methods to analyze the cyber risk to CI and CII are discussed at both the organization, national, and the service chain levels. Cyber threats, threat actors, and the organizational, personnel, and technological cyber security challenges are outlined. An outlook is given to near future cyber security risk challenges, and therefore upcoming risk, stemming from (industrial) internet of things and other new cyber-embedded technologies.
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Uhl, Axel, MacGillavry Kim, and Gollenia Lars. "Chief Innovation Officer: A New and Exciting Field of Activity for CIOs." In Business Transformation Essentials, 17–26. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315570624-3.

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"Chief Innovation Officer: A New and Exciting Field of Activity for CIOs." In Business Transformation Essentials, 41–50. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315570624-11.

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Zouhair, Chiba, Noreddine Abghour, Khalid Moussaid, Amina El Omri, and Mohamed Rida. "A Review of Intrusion Detection Systems in Cloud Computing." In Cloud Security, 54–83. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8176-5.ch003.

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Security is a major challenge faced by cloud computing (CC) due to its open and distributed architecture. Hence, it is vulnerable and prone to intrusions that affect confidentiality, availability, and integrity of cloud resources and offered services. Intrusion detection system (IDS) has become the most commonly used component of computer system security and compliance practices that defends cloud environment from various kinds of threats and attacks. This chapter presents the cloud architecture, an overview of different intrusions in the cloud, the challenges and essential characteristics of cloud-based IDS (CIDS), and detection techniques used by CIDS and their types. Then, the authors analyze 24 pertinent CIDS with respect to their various types, positioning, detection time, and data source. The analysis also gives the strength of each system and limitations in order to evaluate whether they carry out the security requirements of CC environment or not.
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Zouhair, Chiba, Noreddine Abghour, Khalid Moussaid, Amina El Omri, and Mohamed Rida. "A Review of Intrusion Detection Systems in Cloud Computing." In Security and Privacy in Smart Sensor Networks, 253–83. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5736-4.ch012.

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Security is a major challenge faced by cloud computing (CC) due to its open and distributed architecture. Hence, it is vulnerable and prone to intrusions that affect confidentiality, availability, and integrity of cloud resources and offered services. Intrusion detection system (IDS) has become the most commonly used component of computer system security and compliance practices that defends cloud environment from various kinds of threats and attacks. This chapter presents the cloud architecture, an overview of different intrusions in the cloud, the challenges and essential characteristics of cloud-based IDS (CIDS), and detection techniques used by CIDS and their types. Then, the authors analyze 24 pertinent CIDS with respect to their various types, positioning, detection time, and data source. The analysis also gives the strength of each system and limitations in order to evaluate whether they carry out the security requirements of CC environment or not.
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"Information Sharing." In Establishing Cyber Security Programs Through the Community Cyber Security Maturity Model (CCSMM), 104–30. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4471-6.ch005.

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From the first community cybersecurity exercise the CIAS at UTSA conducted in San Antonio in 2002, information sharing has been a key element of the community cybersecurity program. Information sharing is essential in the protection and detection aspects of programs such as the NIST cyber security framework. Information sharing helps to alert other organizations to ongoing reconnaissance and attack efforts by attackers. When it comes to cybersecurity, organizations are not in competition with each other but instead are partners in a mutual defense against attackers. This has not been an easy lesson to learn, and it has taken time, but today, there are many robust information sharing programs that help various sectors and geographic regions to band together to help each other in efforts to thwart attacks against any member of the group. Information sharing is an integral part of the community cyber security maturity model and can in fact help provide a catalyst to launch an overall cybersecurity program for a community.
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Lihu, Andrei, and Ștefan Holban. "De Novo Motif Prediction Using the Fireworks Algorithm." In Biotechnology, 1069–85. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch041.

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De novo motif discovery is essential in understanding the cis-regulatory processes that play a role in gene expression. Finding unknown patterns of unknown lengths in massive amounts of data has long been a major challenge in computational biology. Because algorithms for motif prediction have always suffered of low performance issues, there is a constant effort to find better techniques. Evolutionary methods, including swarm intelligence algorithms, have been applied with limited success for motif prediction. However, recently developed methods, such as the Fireworks Algorithm (FWA) which simulates the explosion process of fireworks, may show better prospects. This paper describes a motif finding algorithm based on FWA that maximizes the Kullback-Leibler divergence between candidate solutions and the background noise. Following the terminology of FWA's framework, the candidate motifs are fireworks that generate additional sparks (i.e. derived motifs) in their neighborhood. During the iterations, better sparks can replace the fireworks, as the Fireworks Motif Finder (FW-MF) assumes a one occurrence per sequence mode. The results obtained on a standard benchmark for promoter analysis show that our proof of concept is promising.
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Savchenko, Lidiia, Dmytro Bugayko, and Svitlana Smerichevska. "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SUPPLY CHAINS." In Economics, management and administration in the coordinates of sustainable development. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-157-2-32.

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Ongoing health crises, recessions, environmental and climate disruptions make sustainable procurement essential to building more resilient, sustainable and equitable societies. The UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development encourages procurement practices that are sustainable in line with national policies and priorities. With rising energy prices, industrial pollution, shortages of needed raw materials and natural resources, and environmental disasters, recent studies consider sustainability as the most decisive criterion for choosing the most appropriate supplier. The three pillars of sustainable procurement combine economic (business), social and environmental aspects. Some studies refer to environmental procurement as ethical sourcing, meaning the introduction of restrictions and human rights principles into the supply chain. This includes ensuring fair wages for workers making the products, cleanliness and safety in factories, and consideration of all social and environmental aspects of production for workers and surrounding communities. The Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply (CIPS) recognizes that companies often have to conduct business or purchase locally, but it is often beneficial not only environmentally but also economically. Sometimes a remote supplier can offer a lower purchase price. On the other hand, long and unreliable delivery schedules greatly increase inventory management costs because more storage space and capital are required, and the risk of receiving goods that cannot be exchanged increases.
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"ably salient acros s most people of a given culture or subculture. Other stimuli or surrounding circumstances are relevant but are more idiosyncratic to the situation or people involved in the interac-tions, such as the peoples* past histories of interaction with each other, th e authority one person has over another, or the contingen-cies one can exert over the other, and whether or not there is some apparent evidence that, in fact, a poor job was done. For example, if your boss tells you that you have done a poor job in a serious tone of voic e with an unsmiling face, it might be appropriate to ask what the problem was, to discuss the reason for what happened and try to discover ways to avoid that problem in the future. In contrast, if a peer who had a long history o f unfairly criticizing your activities told you the same thing, in a casual manner and there was little ap-parent evidence that a poor job was done, you might simply acknowledge the remark or even indicate that you found the remark offensive. Thus, identification of what types of responses might b e appropriate in particular social situations requires a very complex set o f discriminative skills which often need to be used without substantial warning and implemented quickly. Given identification of the stimuli which determine a general type o f response in a social situation, an adolescent needs to display the specific verbal and nonverbal behaviors of the general response. Certain of these behaviors such as making periodic eye contact while the other person is speaking, facing the other person, main-taining a relaxed posture and using a neutral or enthusiastic voice tone need to occur throughout the social interaction . Other behaviors need to occur within a specific sequence. For example, in a greeting and subsequent conversation, a salutation might be followed by a general question about the health of the other person, and then by more specific questions and responsive statements about topics o f possible common interest or about something that the other person mentioned in previous conversations. Further , the sequence of behaviors needs to be arranged to encompass the possible options or branches that might occur in the interactions. For example, the sequence of behaviors modeled in giving negative feedback to another person would vary depending on whether the other person agreed or did not agree with the feedback. Finally, there are general organizational and meshing skills which are essential for successful social interactions. These include using a vocabulary and content appropriate to the person with whom the adolescent is interacting, taking turns in the interaction,'picking." In Social Skills Training for Children and Youth, 136–46. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315059167-14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Essential cils"

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Byers, W. A. "Pressurized Water Reactor Core Crud Mapping." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30218.

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Knowledge of the quantity and distribution of core deposits (crud) can be useful in many ways. Trending the amount of crud can show the effects of coolant chemistry changes and crud remediation efforts. The crud distribution reflects the locations of sub-cooled boiling, and indirectly, core performance. Both the quantity and distribution of crud can be useful in assessing the risk of Crud Induced Power Shifts (CIPS) and Crud Induced Local Corrosion (CILC). Measuring core crud is also essential in increasing the fundamental understanding of crud transport and the build-up of ex-core radiation fields. Several techniques have been used to measure core crud levels. Crud scraping is frequently applied to sample crud, but it cannot be applied economically over broad areas. Crud has been mapped over broad core areas by analyzing the waste stream from an ultrasonic fuel cleaner, but uncertainties in the cleaning efficiency limit the accuracy of this technique. Video crud mapping, the determination of crud coverage from video images of fuel assemblies, is an economical method that can be readily applied to peripheral rods on every fuel assembly. The mapping can be performed by computer image analysis, or by visual comparisons to standards. The two techniques are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. The effectiveness of video crud mapping in assessing fuel performance issues is shown in the results of several field applications.
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Zulkarnain, Meah Imtiaz, and Nazmul Islam. "Optimization of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell and its Comparative Performance Analysis for Employing Different Buffer and Window Layers Through Numerical Simulation and Analysis Using SCAPS-1D." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24192.

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Abstract In this research, a numerical simulation and analysis of the second generation thin film solar cell Copper Indium Gallium diselenide, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 or, CIGS, is conducted in order to optimize its performance and compare among the cells using different materials for buffer and window layers. The one-dimensional solar cell simulation program SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) is used for the simulation and analysis purpose. The effects of variation of bandgap, concentration and thickness of the p-type CIGS absorber layer on the efficiency of CIGS solar cell are investigated. The change in CIGS solar cell efficiency with change in temperature is studied, too. Two different buffer layers namely CdS and In2S3 are considered for the simulation of the CIGS solar cell. The thickness of the buffer layer, its bandgap and concentration are taken into consideration for optimization. As for the window layer, ZnO and SnO2 are employed for the numerical simulation. The thickness of the window layer is varied and its effect on the efficiency of the solar cell is investigated. The open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor and quantum efficiency of the CIGS solar cell are observed from the SCAPS simulation besides the solar cell efficiency. A comparison among the different CIGS cell structures employing different buffer layers and window layers is performed in terms of efficiency and other essential parameters as mentioned above. The solar cell performances of the structures explored in this work were also put in comparison against some laboratory research cell output. The simulation result shows a possible better performance for all the simulated CIGS cell structures compared to the experimental results. In2S3 appears to increase efficiency and thus poses a great potential for non-toxic CIGS solar cell. Though CIGS absorber layer requires more thickness for desired output, successful application of much thinner SnO2 replacing ZnO buffer layer paves the way to less thicker CIGS thin film solar cell.
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Yun-yuan, Dong, Yang Jun, Liu Qi-jun, Wang Yong-xian, and Wang Zheng-hua. "Exploring Centrality-Lethality Rule from Evolution Constraint on Essential Hub and Nonessential Hub in Yeast Protein-Protein Interaction Network." In 2011 Seventh International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cis.2011.22.

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Huang, Qichang, and Mingxing Liu. "Dynamic Precision Evaluation of Compensated Ion-Chambers for Reactor Power Monitoring." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92460.

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Abstract During reactor power monitoring, compensated ion-chambers (CICs) are assembled by two similar gas-filled detectors. The gamma compensation of CICs is essential for detecting precision of thermal neutrons, and requires a pairs of fully matched voltages. Descriptions of detecting precision include current formation model, in which applied voltages and radiation strength act in the process of collecting charged particles. However, the model of CICs are seldom applied in design work to evaluate the monitoring precision. Here we show that imbalance degree of collecting charged particles leads to mismatch of saturation currents depending on difference of recombination and diffusion in each sub-chambers. We analyzed a coaxial type compensated ion-chamber (DL-126), and found that applied voltages and radiation strength have significant impact for ion recombination and electron diffusion. For increasing precision of CICs, this result suggests a dynamic way to evaluate the output deviation using radiation strength. Furthermore, we found the compensation factor of two sub-chambers is only related to the applied voltages and remain unchanged in various radiation. Our results demonstrate how collecting regulars of charged particles are likely to function in setting applied voltages, calculating the charge loss as well as quantifying the saturation currents. We anticipate our analysis to be a starting point for revising detection precision of compensated ion-chambers. For example, evaluating the neutron fluence in the reactor shutdown and restart process, including monitoring task after accident. Furthermore, dynamic precision evaluation of these detectors is a major target of prognostics and health management for Nuclear Instrument.
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Hamm, P., M. Zurek, and T. Röschinger. "Femtosecond VIS and mid-IR Spectroscopy of the Photoisomerisation of Retinal." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1996.tue.24.

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The light induced isomerisation of the retinal molecule (more exactly protonated Schiff base retinal, PSBR) plays an essential role in a number of important functional biomolecules like rhodopsin (responsible for vision), bacteriorhodopsin (BR, photosynthetic light induced proton pump) and halorhodopsin (HR, light induced chloride pump). These proteins were investigated in detail by femtosecond spectroscopy. In all cases, a fast S1 reaction occurs prior to the transition to the ground state. However, the details of the photoreaction critically depend on the specific surrounding of the chromophore in the protein: The 11-cis→all-trans isomerisation in rhodopsin and the all-trans→13-cis isomerisation in BR occur extremely fast with 200 fs [1] and 500 fs [2], respectively. A slower and biexponential process is observed for the all-trans→13-cis isomerisation of HR with 1.5 ps and 8.5 ps [3]. In order to separate the influence of the protein from the intrinsic properties of the retinal molecule, isolated all-trans-PSBR (in ethanol) was investigated in the present paper. In addition to standard VIS measurements, femtosecond IR experiments will be presented in order to reveal structural aspects of the photoreaction.
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Grigalashvili, Vephkhvia, and Khatuna Abiashvili. "CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF THE UNITED STATES CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ARCHITECTURE: POLICY, LAW AND ADMINISTRATION." In Proceedings of the XXVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25042021/7522.

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The United States` Critical Infrastructure System (CIs) represents an umbrella concept grouping all those resources that are essential for national economic, financial, and social system. These critical infrastructures are vital and without them, or with any damages to them, would cripple the nation, states, and/or local communities and tribes. Based on a systematic review approach (methodology), this paper aims to review the United States’ Critical Infrastructure Protection System (USCIPS) at tree aspects. In section one, the policy pillars of USCIPS are outlined based on studding Presidential Policy Directive 21 (PPD-21) and National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP). Section two discusses the interdependent nature of the sixteen critical infrastructure sectors and identified the further designation of life-line sectors. Final sector introduces USCIPS stakeholders, collaboration and partnership across between the private sector and public sector stakeholders.
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Kulikov, Denis, Ruzaliya Ulanova, and Valentina Kolpakova. "COMPREHENSIVE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO PROCESSING OF PEA FLOUR FOR FOOD AND FODDER PURPOSES." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/06.

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Investigations were carried out to optimize the growth parameters of the symbiosis of cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 121 and the fungus Geotrichum candidum 977 on whey waters formed from pea flour as a secondary product in the production of protein concentrates after precipitation of proteins at the isoelectric point. The whey remaining after protein precipitation is bioconverted at optimal parameters of crop growth (pH of the medium, amount of inoculum, temperature) with the formation of microbial plant concentrate (MPC) for feed purposes. Serum cultures assimilated stachyose, glucose, maltose, arabinose, and other pentoses. The mass fraction of protein in the concentrate was 57.90-61.68 % of DS. The composition of MPC obtained from biomass is balanced in essential amino acids with a speed of 107-226 %. The fatty acid composition is represented by 97 % fatty acids and 3 % - esters, aldehydes, ketones with the properties of fragrances, photo stabilizers, odor fixers, preservatives and other compounds. The ratio of the sum of saturated and unsaturated acids is 1:3, the content of cis-isomers is 91.1 %, trans-isomers are 5.1 %, omega-6 fatty acids are 19.73 %. The quality and safety indicators indicated that it is promising for use in the diet of animals.
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Wang, Q., R. W. Schoenlein, L. A. Peteanu, S. J. Rosenthal, R. A. Mathies, and C. V. Shank. "Femtosecond Vibrationally Coherent Photochemistry in the Primary Event in Vision." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1994.tub.2.

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Understanding the role of vibrational coherence in photochemical reactions is a fundamental problem in photochemistry and biology.1,2,5 Vibrational coherence may play a significant role in reactions which occur on a time scale shorter than the relevant nuclear vibrational periods. One of the fastest chemical reactions is the first step in vision,4,5,6 the 11-cis → all-trans isomerization of the retinal chromophore in rhodopsin (Fig. 1). We have demonstrated that this reaction is essentially complete in only 200 fs.4,5,6 This time is comparable to or shorter than the period of torsional vibrational modes that are expected to make up the reaction coordinate, suggesting that this reaction has approached the adiabatic limit. We report here the observation of vibrational coherence in the photoproduct of the isomerization reaction in rhodopsin. The presence of vibrational coherence in the photoproduct indicates that the ultrafast isomerization of rhodopsin is mediated by nonstationary vibrational states which couple from the excited state of the reactant to the ground state of the photoproduct in a non-adiabatic process.
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De Jesus-Hernandez, Alelhi, Genaro Amador-Espejo, Raul Delgado-Macuil, and Hector Ruiz-Espinosa. "Effect of High-intensity Ultrasound on Canola Oil Bleaching (Brassica Napus l.)." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/gckv6098.

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Currently, canola oil (Brassica napus L.) has placed as one of the most consumed oils in Mexico. This is because it has a high proportion of essential (linoleic and linolenic acids) and monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid). To retain its beneficial properties, the bleaching process is necessary. The generalized methodology for bleaching has some disadvantages like high clay consumption (3%), long time (180 min) and high temperature (140 °C) that can modify the cis to trans configuration on their unsaturated fatty acids.In this sense, emerging technologies (such as high-intensity ultrasound) can be applied to reduce clay consumption, obtaining a final product with oxidative stability and without compromising its chemical configuration. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity ultrasound treatment (40 kHz-600 W) for canola oil bleaching. For this, six ultrasonic treatments were applied, processing time (60 and 90 min) and bleaching clay percentage (1, 2 and 3%) at 65 °C. The study variables were the amount of chlorophyll a and b (µg/100 g), carotenoids, color (L*, a* and b*) and a FTIR analysis. Besides, the generalized methodology was employed as a control. The results showed that ultrasonic treatments with 60 and 90 min and 2% clay produced a small increase in chlorophyll a reduction (5% and 2%, respectively) and an important reduction in chlorophyll b (around twice) compared to the control sample. On the other hand, carotenoids were not affected by the US treatment obtaining higher reduction by the conventional method. These results influenced color response, since the ultrasonic samples showed lower values for b* and in a* parameters. Finally, the FTIR analysis exhibit no presence of configurations. In this way, high-intensity ultrasound can be widely considered as an assistant technology to make vegetable oil bleaching more efficient and effective.
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Hamed, Marwa Ibrahim, Salma Al-Dakhakhny, Hassaan Rathore, and Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim. "Reno-Protective Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in Hypertensive Rodent Models: A systematic review." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0126.

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Background and objective: Essential hypertension is a leading risk factor for chronic kidney disease, yet there is no conclusive evidence that lowering blood pressure alone improves renal outcome measures. Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) proposed to have renal-protective effects independent of their antihypertensive effect. This systematic review of animal studies aims to collect available information from the published literature about the ARBs' consequences in murine models and analyze it in a structured way to provide a pre-clinical baseline for future analysis of similar clinical investigations. Methods: Following the PRISMA checklist, we conducted a systematic review for quasi non-randomized controlled studies using PubMed, Embase, Science-Direct, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar to determine the effects of ARBs on kidney functions. Eligible articles report the ARBs' effect on proteinuria, albuminuria, and glomerular filtration rate in murine models of hypertension. Outcomes were present as Mean ± Standard Error of Mean (SEM) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: This preliminary analysis includes ten out of 56 total eligible articles after quality assessment, reporting twelve renal outcome measures. Two studies showed improvement in CrCl versus one study showing no difference. Four out of five studies showed a reduction in proteinuria compared to the control group. All three studies showed a significant reduction in albuminuria compared to control and other antihypertensives. A study Evaluating BUN showed no difference. Nine outcomes supported the reno-protective effect of ARBs on different hypertensive models with various ARBs and different follow-up durations. Low dose valsartan 10mg/kg was showing no significant effect across two different studies. Conclusion: Preliminary results are encouraging. ARBs contribute to improvement in renal biomarkers in different hypertensive models regardless of their BP-lowering effect.
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