Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Espaces de formes de Kendall'
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Maignant, Elodie. "Plongements barycentriques pour l'apprentissage géométrique de variétés : application aux formes et graphes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4096.
Full textAn MRI image has over 60,000 pixels. The largest known human protein consists of around 30,000 amino acids. We call such data high-dimensional. In practice, most high-dimensional data is high-dimensional only artificially. For example, of all the images that could be randomly generated by coloring 256 x 256 pixels, only a very small subset would resemble an MRI image of a human brain. This is known as the intrinsic dimension of such data. Therefore, learning high-dimensional data is often synonymous with dimensionality reduction. There are numerous methods for reducing the dimension of a dataset, the most recent of which can be classified according to two approaches.A first approach known as manifold learning or non-linear dimensionality reduction is based on the observation that some of the physical laws behind the data we observe are non-linear. In this case, trying to explain the intrinsic dimension of a dataset with a linear model is sometimes unrealistic. Instead, manifold learning methods assume a locally linear model.Moreover, with the emergence of statistical shape analysis, there has been a growing awareness that many types of data are naturally invariant to certain symmetries (rotations, reparametrizations, permutations...). Such properties are directly mirrored in the intrinsic dimension of such data. These invariances cannot be faithfully transcribed by Euclidean geometry. There is therefore a growing interest in modeling such data using finer structures such as Riemannian manifolds. A second recent approach to dimension reduction consists then in generalizing existing methods to non-Euclidean data. This is known as geometric learning.In order to combine both geometric learning and manifold learning, we investigated the method called locally linear embedding, which has the specificity of being based on the notion of barycenter, a notion a priori defined in Euclidean spaces but which generalizes to Riemannian manifolds. In fact, the method called barycentric subspace analysis, which is one of those generalizing principal component analysis to Riemannian manifolds, is based on this notion as well. Here we rephrase both methods under the new notion of barycentric embeddings. Essentially, barycentric embeddings inherit the structure of most linear and non-linear dimension reduction methods, but rely on a (locally) barycentric -- affine -- model rather than a linear one.The core of our work lies in the analysis of these methods, both on a theoretical and practical level. In particular, we address the application of barycentric embeddings to two important examples in geometric learning: shapes and graphs. In addition to practical implementation issues, each of these examples raises its own theoretical questions, mostly related to the geometry of quotient spaces. In particular, we highlight that compared to standard dimension reduction methods in graph analysis, barycentric embeddings stand out for their better interpretability. In parallel with these examples, we characterize the geometry of locally barycentric embeddings, which generalize the projection computed by locally linear embedding. Finally, algorithms for geometric manifold learning, novel in their approach, complete this work
Podkorytov, Sergey. "Espaces tangents pour les formes auto-similaires." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005330.
Full textMazure, Marie-Laurence. "Analyse varationnelle des formes quadratiques convexes." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30109.
Full textMinster, Clotilde. "L'exception des espaces ruraux français questionnée : des formes de mobilités singulières ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010597.
Full textThis thesis has been prepared in view of the increasing share of the population living in low-density areas, and the related increase in commuting distances (Hubert 2009). The result of the interplay between these factors may well be interpreted as an unsustainable development path, especially due to the supposedly increased level of mobility (DATAR 2003). To contribute to the discussion on these topics, this thesis examines the accessibility of various social services and other facilities, using data from the French facilities database. It then analyzes mobility patterns within the sample population using data of the French national travel survey. The analysis shows a weak influence of space characteristics on mobility behaviours. Following a discussion of possible explanations for the findings, the thesis offers potential directions for public policy to address these issues
Ait, Amrane Yacine. "Cohomologie des espaces symétriques de Drinfeld, cocycles harmoniques et formes automorphes." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30126.
Full textFournier, Caroline. "Les bains d'Al-Andalus : espaces, formes et fonctions (VIIIe-XVe siècles)." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3011.
Full textEvseeva, Elena. "Représentations du groupe pseudo-orthogonal dans les espaces des formes différentielles homogènes." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS035/document.
Full textIn this thesis we study representations of the Lorentz group acting on sectionsof the cotangent bundle over the isotropic cone. Using Fourier and Poisson transforms we construct explicitly all the symmetry breaking operators that appear in branching laws of tensor products of such representations
Chataur, David. "Formes différentielles sur une opérade et modèles algébriques pour les espaces topologiques." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5432.
Full textSotirakis, Alexandra. "Espaces voûtés du chevet dans l’architecture romane en Europe : formes et fonctions." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL010.
Full textThis thesis explores the relationship between Romanesque architecture and liturgical space based on the specific structural layout of the east end (chevet). The analysis focuses on 139 11th- and 12th-century churches located in the Italian peninsula, Germanic territories and Iberian peninsula, all of which feature a vaulted chevet that is pronounced and partitioned to varying degrees, while the nave is in keeping with the tradition of the early Christian framework basilica. Despite the heterogeneity inherent in such a vast body of work (variation in monument status and in the structure studied), the systematic comparative study of structural proclivities and liturgical arrangements shows that the treatment of the east end, like the décor and furnishings, helps to structure and introduce a threshold into the ecclesiastical space. This layout contributes to the ecclesiological message about the incarnation of the Ecclesia in the building: the stone, reserved for the sanctuary, makes it possible to materialise the space of the Eucharist and the real presence of Christ among the faithful; it is one of the main components of the theology of the Eucharistic space, along with the altar and the image. Emphasising the role of the patron in the construction also makes it possible to better measure the political dimensions of this type of chevet. The study of the context of the commissioning reveals certain ambitions of the patron, which can be interpreted at the local level (as an expression of his rank, representation of the diocesan Church of which he was the head) or at the level of the Latin West (taking a position in conflicts related to the implementation of reform)
RUGINA, ALEXANDRU DRAGOMIRNA. "Formes harmoniques et cohomologie l#p sur les espaces homogenes et hyperboliques." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112007.
Full textLamure, Michel. "Espaces abstraits et reconnaissance des formes application au traitement des images digitales /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607029s.
Full textKettaf, Fadila. "La fabrique des espaces publics : conceptions, formes et usages des places d'Oran (Algérie)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30095/document.
Full textOran public squares are identification and symbolic spaces of the colonial city. They are given to see by their physical and aesthetic characteristics but also by their participation in urban life. However, the growth of the city contributes to the redistribution of sociability in urban space. Research on public squares of Oran therefore has thus to contribute to a broader thought on making urban public spaces and to be part of the current urban research on the Arab and Mediterranean World. In this issue, three fundamental questions arose. That of legacies of town planning coming from European culture "exported" to the southern bank of the Mediterranean Sea. That of the current design and management of public spaces by local authorities, technical operators and various actors. And finally that of contemporary uses of these spaces by local users. Social practices of squares and urban places in Oran are real, sometimes surprising. They are closely related to their position in the city, their urban and visual form, and the quality of their installations. They are also inherent in the position they have in the collective imaginary. These important aspects in making public spaces, however, are not regarded in contemporary urban practices. The problem of the recognition of the public space as public realm, organizing the urban space and accessible to all, is fundamentally questioned in Oran
Gris, Barbara. "Approche modulaire sur les espaces de formes, géométrie sous-riemannienne et anatomie computationnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN069/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the development of a new deformation model to study shapes. Deformations, and diffeormophisms in particular, have played a tremendous role in the field of statistical shape analysis, as a proxy to measure and interpret differences between similar objects but with different shapes. Diffeomorphisms usually result from the integration of a flow of regular velocity fields, whose parameters have not enabled so far a full control of the local behaviour of the deformation. We propose a new model in which velocity fields are built on the combination of a few local and interpretable vector fields. These vector fields are generated thanks to a structure which we name deformation module. Deformation modules generate vector fields of a particular type (e.g. a scaling) chosen in advance: they allow to incorporate a constraint in the deformation model. These constraints can correspond either to an additional knowledge one would have on the shapes under study, or to a point of view from which one would want to study these shapes. In a first chapter we introduce this notion of deformation module and we give several examples to show how diverse they can be. We also explain how one can easily build complex deformation modules adapted to complex constraints by combining simple deformation modules. Then we introduce the construction of modular large deformations as flow of vector fields generated by a deformation module. Vector fields generated by a deformation module are parametrized by two variables: a geometrical one named geometrical descriptor and a control one. We build large deformations so that the geometrical descriptor follows the deformation of the ambient space. Then defining a modular large deformation corresponds to defining an initial geometrical descriptor and a trajectory of controls. We also associate a notion of cost for each couple of geometrical descriptor and control. In a second chapter we explain how we can use a given deformation module to study data shapes. We first build a sub-Riemannian structure on the space defined as the product of the data shape space and the space of geometrical descriptors. The sub-Riemannian metric comes from the chosen cost: we equip the new (shape) space with a chosen metric, which is not in general the pull-back of a metric on vector fields but takes into account the way vector fields are built with the chosen constraints. Thanks to this structure we define a sub-Riemannian distance on this new space and we show the existence, under some mild assumptions, of geodesics (trajectories whose length equals the distance between the starting and ending points). The study of geodesics amounts to an optimal control problem, and they can be estimated thanks to an Hamiltonian framework: in particular we show that they can be parametrized by an initial variable named momentum. Afterwards we introduce optimal modular large deformations transporting a source shape into a target shape. We also define the modular atlas of a population of shapes which is made of a mean shape, and one modular large deformation per shape. In the discussion we study an alternative model where geodesics are parametrized in lower dimension. In a third chapter we present the algorithm that was implemented in order to compute these modular large deformations and the gradient descent to estimate the optimal ones as well as mean shapes. In a last chapter we introduce several numerical examples thanks to which we study specific aspects of our model. In particular we show that the choice of the used deformation module influences the form of the estimated mean shape, and that by choosing an adapted deformation module we are able to perform in a satisfying and robust way simultaneously rigid and non linear registration. In the last example we study shapes without any prior knowledge, then we use a module corresponding to weak constraints and we show that the atlas computation still gives interesting results
Pedon, Emmanuel. "Analyse harmonique des formes différentielles sur l'espace hyperbolique réel." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10226.
Full textBach, Caroline. "Quand l’art contemporain s’intéresse à l’économie : espaces de travail et formes économiques en question." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30088.
Full textIn a book entitled Art and Economy, Jean-Marc Huitorel stated, in his introductio,n that 'artist provides tools to read the world.' For the artists whose practice is looking outward and consists, among other things, into provide tools to understand the read (Allan Sekula or Alfredo Jarr, for instance), an approach with economy is inevitable, without, however becoming necessarily specialists. Whether through flows cartography or exploring global trade mechanisms, on a large scale, or whether through a different scale, exploring spaces and working conditions, they fit perfectly into the current 'heterodox' (which claims the plurality of approaches) and give full legitimacy to the dialogue between art and economy
Mugelli, Gloria. "Pratiques rituelles et espaces dramatiques : formes et fonctionnement des rites dans la tragédie attique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH121.
Full textThe experience of ancient Greek tragedy did not begin, for the 5th century Athenians, when the spectators took their place in the theatre of Dionysus: as a ritual experience, Greek tragedy is part of the ritual context of the Great Dionysia. During the festival, and in general during every ritual performed on a small or large scale, the role of spectator constituted a ritual activity in all respects.When a ritual is part of the tragic plot, it generates a mechanism of mise en abyme based on the skills and the ritual experiences of the spectators, who are able to recognize the form, the implications and the efficacy of the rite. The dramatic rites have their ritual efficacy, determined by the comparison with the actual rite, and their dramatic efficacy, depending on the dynamics of the tragic plot. The ritual sequences in Greek tragedy are represented as polyvalent images, connected to the interweaving of dramatic events, and associated with the ritual experience of the πολῖται.The ritual is also part of the dynamics of the tragic performance: some rites (supplication, funeral lamentations, bloodless offerings) are embedded on the tragic scene, while others (especially blood sacrifices) are performed offstage, and are therefore invisible to the spectators.Focusing on how dramatic rituals influence the construction of the dramatic space, and observing the mechanisms of ritual communication between the space of the theatre and the invisible ritual spaces, can help us understand how the representation of ritual actions can be used to activate the ritual competences and experiences of the spectators of ancient Greek Tragedy.On the other hand, observing the characteristics of the rituals that are suitable to be represented onstage, and embedded in the orchestra of the theatre of Dionysus, can clarify some aspects of ancient Greek tragedy as a ritual experience
L’esperienza della tragedia non iniziava, per gli Ateniesi del quinto secolo, nel momento in cui gli spettatori prendevano posto nel teatro di Dioniso: in quanto esperienza rituale, la tragedia si inserisce nel contesto festivo delle Grandi Dionisie, punto di riferimento fondamentale per comprendere come il dramma interagiva con gli spettatori in quanto πολῖται. Nel corso dei rituali delle Dionisie, e di ogni rito compiuto su piccola o grande scala, l’attività di spettatore costituiva un’attività rituale a tutti gli effetti.Quando un rito si inserisce nel μῦθος del dramma, viene attivato un meccanismo di mise en abyme basato sulle competenze e le esperienze rituali degli spettatori, che sono in grado di riconoscere la forma, le implicazioni e l’orizzonte di efficacia del rito. I riti presentano un’efficacia rituale, determinata dal confronto col rito reale, e un’efficacia drammatica, connessa alle dinamiche degli eventi tragici. Le immagini dei rituali in tragedia si costruiscono come immagini polivalenti, che si connettono all’intreccio di vicende drammatiche, e si associano all’esperienza rituale dei πολῖται.Il rituale si inserisce, inoltre, nelle dinamiche della performance: alcuni riti (supplica, lamentazione funebre, offerte incruente) sono particolarmente adatti a essere rappresentati sulla scena, mentre altri (in particolare il sacrificio cruento) sono relegati negli spazi invisibili agli spettatori.Osservare i meccanismi con cui lo spazio dell’orchestra viene modellato dal rito, e messo in comunicazione con gli spazi rituali invisibili, permette di comprendere come i dettagli dell’azione rituale vengono evocati, sfruttando le esperienze rituali degli spettatori, per ottenere un effetto drammatico.Dall’altra parte, isolare le caratteristiche dei rituali rappresentati nell’orchestra del teatro di Dioniso permette di riflettere sulla natura della tragedia greca come esperienza rituale
Chapuis, Marc. "Formes modérément ramifiées de polydisques fermés et de dentelles." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066293/document.
Full textLet $k$ be a complete non-Archimedean field, $L$ a finite tamely ramified galoisian extension of $k$ and $X$ a $k$-analytic space. We show that $X$ is isomorphic to a closed $k$-polydisc (resp. a $k$-lace) if and only if $X_L$ is isomorphic to a closed $L$-polydisc (resp. a $L$-lace) on which the action of $\Gal(L/k)$ is reasonable. We show that $X$ is isomorphic to a closed $k$-bidisc if and only if $X_L$ is isomorphic to a closed $k$-bidisc. In the formalism of graduated algebra : we calculate the first pointed cohomology set of the general linear group and of the automorphisms of the plane
Anglès, Pierre. "Structures sur certains espaces de spineurs et applications." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30260.
Full textCossutta, Mathieu. "Cohomologie de certaines variétés localement symétriques et correspondance theta." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077065.
Full textThe results of this thesis are about the cohomology of some locally symetric manifolds of arithmetic type. In a first chapter we discuss the automorphic description of these cohomology groups in the framework of Arthur's conjectures. In a second and third chapter, using this description and the theta correspondance we construct new cohomology classes, generalising some previous work of Jian-Shu Li. In the fifth chapter using this cohomology classes we study the growth of Betti numbers in a tower of congruence coverings. The last chapter makes a link between these classes, totally geodesic submanifolds and L-functions
Dumouch, Rodolphe. "Formes spatiales héritées, discontinuités et espaces boisés - France du Nord et Benelux, escapades hercyniennes et slaves." Phd thesis, Université d'Artois, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00594907.
Full textAbdou, Joanna. "Plongement de fibrés hermitiens à l'aide du noyau de la chaleur et espaces limites." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10125.
Full textLn this thesis, we consider a vector bundle E over a compact manifold M (with an inner product and an adapted connection) and an operator: the "generalized Laplacian" which is the rough Laplacian with a potential. Then we refer to the frame bundle (a principal bundle) P associated to the vector bundle E. The equivariant functions on P with value in the fiber space correspond to the sections of E. We construct an embedding in a Hilbert space using these equivariant functions and the heat kemel. We also discuss the properties of this embedding, more precisely, the induced metric. We conclude that the embedding is asymptotically an isometry as the time t tends to O. We illustrate the study in a concrete way by studying the case of the Dirac operator. Ln the same context, we generalizesorne heat kemel estimates which lead us to demonstrate a precompacity theorem for a new spectral distance that we define. As aconsequence, we obtain a result of convergence to a limit space, with a certain number of "good properties" related to this convergence
Vialard, François-Xavier. "APPROCHE HAMILTONIENNE POUR LES ESPACES DE FORMES DANS LE CADRE DES DIFFÉOMORPHISMES: DU PROBLÈME DE RECALAGE D'IMAGES DISCONTINUES À UN MODÈLE STOCHASTIQUE DE CROISSANCE DE FORMES." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00400379.
Full textLe cas des images discontinues n'était compris que partiellement. La première contribution de ce travail est de traiter complètement le cas des images discontinues en considérant comme modèle d'image discontinues l'espace des fonctions à variations bornées. On apporte des outils techniques pour traiter les discontinuités dans le cadre d'appariement par difféomorphismes. Ces résultats sont appliqués à la formulation Hamiltonienne des géodésiques dans le cadre d'un nouveau modèle qui incorpore l'action d'un difféomorphisme sur les niveaux de grille de l'image pour prendre en compte un changement d'intensité. La seconde application permet d'étendre la théorie des métamorphoses développée par A.Trouvé et L.Younes aux fonctions discontinues. Il apparait que la géométrie de ces espaces est plus compliquée que pour des fonctions lisses.
La seconde partie de cette thèse aborde des aspects plus probabilistes du domaine. On étudie une perturbation stochastique du système Hamiltonien pour le cas de particules (ou landmarks). D'un point de vue physique, on peut interpréter cette perturbation comme des forces aléatoires agissant sur les particules. Il est donc naturel de considérer ce modèle comme un premier modèle de croissance de forme ou au moins d'évolutions aléatoires de formes.
On montre que les solutions n'explosent pas en temps fini presque sûrement et on étend ce modèle stochastique en dimension infinie sur un espace de Hilbert bien choisi (en quelque sorte un espace de Besov ou Sobolev sur une base de Haar). En dimension infinie la propriété précédente reste vraie et on obtient un important (aussi d'un point de vue numérique) résultat de convergence du cas des particules vers le cas de dimension infinie. Le cadre ainsi développé est suffisamment général pour être adaptable dans de nombreuses situations de modélisation.
Pol, Delphine. "Singularités libres, formes et résidus logarithmiques." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0021/document.
Full textThe theory of logarithmic vector fields and logarithmic differential forms along a reduced singular hypersurface is developed by K. Saito. These notions appear in the study of the Gauss-Manin connection of some families of singularities and their semi-universal unfolding. If the module of logarithmic vector fields is free, the hypersurface is called a free divisor. A.G. Aleksandrov and A. Tsikh generalize the notions of logarithmic differential forms and logarithmic residues to reduced complete intersections and Cohen-Macaulay spaces. In this work, we study the logarithmic differential forms of a reduced singular space of any codimension embedded in a smooth manifold, and we develop a notion of free singularity which extend the notion of free divisor. The residues of logarithmic differential forms as well as theirgeneralization to higher codimension spaces are crucial in this thesis. Our first purpose is to give characterizations of freeness for complete intersections and Cohen-Macaulay spaces which generalize the case of hypersurfaces. We then give a particular attention to a family of free singularities, namely the curves, for which we describe the module of logarithmic residues thanks to their set of values
Basson, Romain. "Arithmétique des espaces de modules des courbes hyperelliptiques de genre 3 en caractéristique positive." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S019/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to provide an explicite description of the moduli spaces of genus 3 hyperelliptic curves in positive characteristic. Over a field of characteristic zero or odd, a parame- terization of these moduli spaces is given via the algebra of invariants of binary forms of degree 8 under the action of the special linear group. After the work of Lercier and Ritzenthaler, the case of fields of characteristic 3, 5 and 7 are still open. However, in these remaining case, the classical methods in characteristic zero do not work in order to provide generators for these algebra of invariants. Hence we provide only separating invariants in characteristic 3 and 7. Furthermore our results in characteristic 5 show this approach is not suitable. From these results, we describe the stratification of the moduli spaces of genus 3 hyperelliptic curves in characteristic 3 and 7 according to the automorphism groups of the curves and imple- ment algorithms to reconstruct a curve from its invariants. For this reconstruction stage, we paid attention to arithmetic issues, like the obstruction to be a field of definition for the field of moduli. Finally, in the characteristic 2 case, we use a different approach, given that the curves are defined by their Artin-Schreier models. The arithmetic structure of the ramification points of these curves stratify the moduli space in 5 cases and we define in each case invariants that characterize the isomorphism class of hyperelliptic curves
Thiburce, Julien. "Le dialogisme urbain : de l’usage tacite des espaces publics aux formes d’appropriation narrative et affective de la ville." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2113/document.
Full textThis research study aims to show the transition from the ordinary use of public spaces to the enunciation of a city narrative in which the social actors are committed in the shared project of an urbanity in the making. Beyond a pure aesthetic preoccupation, the urban dialogism responds to the centrality of the city as a privileged space for the elaboration of social issues. By focusing on the appropriation of urban space during guided urban walks, we will see how they constitute a catalyst for deconditioning participants in their relationship to the city. This research project thus follows three investigation perspectives.First, there is the transition from the pure heterogeneity of urban styles – from a building classified as institutional heritage to the anomie of a vacant lot - to the dialogical interplay between aesthetics in competition. We will be able to understand the interaction of languages, the cohabitation of institutional forms and more individualized and temporary statements, expressed by an ever-changing citizenship picture.Then, it is a question of observing the transformation of the functional itineraries to the displacements according to elective courses going through characteristic elements, allowing an ever-renewed affective grip on the city.Finally, this study constitutes an analysis that is not limited to a taxonomy of practices. Rather, it seeks to account for the management of meaning in interaction - a form of interaction where the appropriation of the city and its objects is not only intimate, but observable because explicit, socialized, and attested by experience
Hosni, Nadia. "De l’analyse en composantes principales fonctionnelle à l’autoencodeur convolutif profond sur les trajectoires de formes de Kendall pour l’analyse et la reconnaissance de la démarche en 3D." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I066.
Full textIn the field of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, human behavior understanding has attracted the attention of several research groups and specialized companies. Successful intelligent solutions will be playing an important role in applications which involve humanrobot or human-computer interaction, biometrics recognition (security), and physical performance assessment (healthcare and well-being) since it will help the human beings were their cognitive and limited capabilities cannot perform well. In my thesis project, we investigate the problem of 3D gait recognition and analysis as gait is user-friendly and a well-accepted technology especially with the availability of RGB-D sensors and algorithms for detecting and tracking of human landmarks in video streams. Unlike other biometrics such as fingerprints, face or iris, it can be acquired at a large distance and do not require any collaboration of the end user. This point makes gait recognition suitable in intelligent video surveillance problems used, for example, in the security field as one of the behavioral biometrics or in healthcare as good physical patterns. However, using 3D human body tracked landmarks to provide such motions’ analysis faces many challenges like spatial and temporal variations and high dimension. Hence, in this thesis, we propose novel frameworks to infer 3D skeletal sequences for the purpose of 3D gait analysis and recognition. They are based on viewing the above-cited sequences as time-parameterized trajectories on the Kendall shape space S, results of modding out shape-preserving transformations, i.e., scaling, translation and rotation. Considering the non-linear structure of the manifold on which these shape trajectories are lying, the use of the conventional machine learning tools and the standard computational tools cannot be straightforward. Hence, we make use of geometric steps related to the Riemannian geometry in order to handle the problem of nonlinearity. Our first contribution is a geometric-functional framework for 3D gait analysis with a direct application to behavioral biometric recognition and physical performance assessment. We opt for an extension of the functional Principal Component Analysis to the underlying space. This functional analysis of trajectories, grounding on the geometry of the space of representation, allows to extract compact and efficient biometric signatures. In addition, we also propose a geometric deep convolutional auto-encoder (DCAE) for the purpose of gait recognition from time-varying 3D skeletal data. To accommodate the Neural Network architectures to obtained manifold-valued trajectories on the underlying non-linear space S, these trajectories are mapped to a certain vector space by means of someRiemannien geometry tools, prior to the encoding-decoding scheme. Without applying any prior temporal alignment step (e.g., Dynamic Time Warping) or modeling (e.g., HMM, RNN), they are then fed to a convolutional auto-encoder to build an identity-relevant latent space that showed discriminating capacities for identifying persons when no Temporal Alignment is applied to the time-parametrized gait trajectories: Efficient gait patterns are extracted. Both approaches were tested on several publicly available datasets and shows promising results
Sarradin, François. "Analyse morphologique des espaces ouverts urbains le long de parcours : mesure des variations des formes de ciel par la squelettisation." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009410.
Full textArguillere, Sylvain. "Géométrie sous-riemannienne en dimension infinie et applications à l'analyse mathématique des formes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066144/document.
Full textThis manuscript is dedicated to the study of infinite dimensional sub-Riemannian geometry and its applications to shape analysis using dieomorphic deformations. The first part is a detailed summary of our work, while the second part combines the articles we wrote during the last three years. We first extend the framework of sub- Riemannian geometry to infinite dimensions, establishing conditions that ensure the existence of a Hamiltonian geodesic flow. We then apply these results to strong right- invariant sub-Riemannian structures on the group of diffeomorphisms of a manifold. We then define rigorously the abstract concept shape spaces. A shape space is a Banach manifold on which the group of diffeomorphisms of a manifold acts in a way that satisfy certain properties. We then define several sub-Riemannian structures on these shape spaces using this action, and study these. Finally, we add constraints to the possible deformations, and formulate shape analysis problems in an infinite dimensional control theoritic framework. We prove a Pontryagin maximum principle adapted to this context, establishing the constrained geodesic equations. Algorithms for fin- ding optimal deformations are then developped, supported by numerical simulations. These algorithms extend and unify previously established methods in shape analysis
Kallas, Maya. "Méthodes à noyaux en reconnaissance de formes, prédiction et classification : applications aux biosignaux." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0026.
Full textThe proliferation of kernel methods lies essentially on the kernel trick, which induces an implicit nonlinear transformation with reduced computational cost. Still, the inverse transformation is often necessary. The resolution of this so-called pre-image problem enables new fields of applications of these methods. The main purpose of this thesis is to show that recent advances in statistical learning theory provide relevant solutions to several issues raised in signal and image processing. The first part focuses on the pre-image problem, and on solutions with constraints imposed by physiology. The non-negativity is probably the most commonly stated constraints when dealing with natural signals and images. Nonnegativity constraints on the result, as well as on the additivity of the contributions, are studied. The second part focuses on time series analysis according to a predictive approach. Autoregressive models are developed in the transformed space, while the prediction requires solving the pre-image problem. Two kernelbased predictive models are considered: the first one is derived by solving a least-squares problem, and the second one by providing the adequate Yule-Walker equations. The last part deals with the classification task for electrocardiograms, in order to detect anomalies. Detection and multi-class classification are explored in the light of support vector machines and self-organizing maps
Lelièvre, Sameul. "Surfaces de Veech arithmétiques en genre deux : disques de Teichmüller, groupes de Veech et constantes de Siegel-Veech." Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008722.
Full textJrad, Nisrine. "Apprentissage et qualification des règles de décision multiclasses avec rejet sélectif et contraintes de performance." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0023.
Full textThis thesis deals with supervised learning and quality assessment of a decision rule for multiclass problems with class-selective rejection and performance constraints. The learning process consists in solving and optimisation problem with constraints for a given model. Several families of decision rules with different complexity can be defined by restricting parameter domain. An optimal rule can be obtained within each family. In order to compare the different rules and chose the best one, a common criterion should be defined. This criterion should take into consideration the constraints. Thus, this criterion if function of the decision rule and the weights associated to each constraint. A performance criterion is proposed and its estimation is discussed. Two learning processes, givent by a class-modelling approache and a boundary approache, based on one class SVM, are presented. Synthetic complementary problems are also tackled such as learning decision rule for problems with time evoluarionary constraints or using a cascade classifier system with class-selective rejection to improve the accuracy of the decision. This latter study was applied to cancer tumours diagnosis and results in significant performance improvement
Rajotte, Camille. "Je réaffirme des formes et je réactive des gestes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26393.
Full textYang, Jinlong. "Apprentissage des espaces de forme du modèle 3d humain habillé en mouvement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM008/document.
Full textThe 3D virtual representations of dressed humans appear in movies, video games and since recently, VR contents. To generate these representations, we usually perform 3D acquisitions or synthesize sequences with physics-based simulation or other computer graphics techniques such as rigging and skinning. These traditional methods generally require tedious manual intervention and generate new contents with low speed or low quality, due to the complexity of clothing motion. To deal with this problem, we propose in this work, a data-driven learning approach, which can take both captures and simulated sequences as learning data, and output unseen 3D shapes of dressed human with different body shape, body motion, clothing fit and clothing materials.Due to the lack of temporal coherence and semantic information, raw captures can hardly be used directly for analysis and learning. Therefore, we first propose an automatic method to extract the human body under clothing from unstructured 3D sequences. It is achieved by exploiting a statistical human body model and optimizing the model parameters so that the body surface stays always within while as close as possible to the observed clothed surface throughout the sequence. We show that our method can achieve similar or better result compared with other state-of-the-art methods, and does not need any manual intervention.After extracting the human body under clothing, we propose a method to register the clothing surface with the help of isometric patches. Some anatomical points on the human body model are first projected to the clothing surface in each frame of the sequence. Those projected points give the starting correspondence between clothing surfaces across a sequence. We isometrically grow patches around these points in order to propagate the correspondences on the clothing surface. Subsequently, those dense correspondences are used to guide non-rigid registration so that we can deform the template mesh to obtain temporal coherence of the raw captures.Based on processed captures and simulated data, we finally propose a comprehensive analysis of the statistics of the clothing layer with a simple two-component model. It is based on PCA subspace reduction of the layer information on one hand, and a generic parameter regression model using neural networks on the other hand, designed to regress from any semantic parameter whose variation is observed in a training set, to the layer parameterization space. We show that our model not only allows to reproduce previous re-targeting works, but generalizes the data synthesizing capabilities to other semantic parameters such as body motion, clothing fit, and physical material parameters, paving the way for many kinds of data-driven creation and augmentation applications
Kebbab, Eric Franck Idir. "Aspects géométriques des principes locaux-globaux dans la théorie abstraite des formes quadratiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990237.
Full textPires, Isabel Maria Antunes. "La notion d'espace dans la création musicale : idées, concepts et attributions : une réflexion à propos d'"espaces" intentionnellement perçus ou composés de l'"entité sonore"." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/133290859#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textOur research presents some ideas about composing musical spaces. This study includes the intentional use of the perceived sound qualities in sound construction, and, by the consequence, in musical composition. Our research is in the intersection between the sound as a physical phenomenon, the spatial sensations created by the auditory perception of some sound proprieties, and the musical composition of sound spaces. We develop the idea of a sound entity that we can compose from its microstructure to the macrostructure. We conceive it by means of an analogical thinking about the tangible world objects and the auditory sound sensations. We consider the ideas of volume, form and matter, positions and movements of the material objects. We used these ideas as metaphor to conceive sound entities integrated into and musical composed spaces. The conception of the sound entity as a group of heteroclite elements ; il make possible the conception of operational networks. The composer can use these networks for sound manipulations in his compositional work
Riss, Joëlle. "Principes de stéréologie des formes en pétrographie quantitative." Orléans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ORLE2015.
Full textFelizardo, Mendes Evelise. "Esthétique des formes scéniques de rue : une approche théorique du caractère transgressif et des enjeux du (dés)ordre de la scène urbaine contemporaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0403.
Full textThe topic of the present thesis is a comparative study of the practices of contemporary street theatre of Porto Alegre, Brésil (groups Falos & Stercus and Ói Nóis Aqui Traveiz) and of Marseille, French (groups Rara Woulib and Ornic’art). The stakes of the research originate from the following question: "how do the current street theatre policies exploit the urban space and the everyday time frame?" Taking into account the determinism that applies over the public space regulated by shared codes (see M. Santos, H. Lefebvre, M. Foucault, N. Canclini), we aim at analysing and developing a theoretical framework for pieces of work that deploy in the public space "fragilising" them. These theatrical practices inherently generate, a priori, some (dis)order in the public space (see G. Balandier), so that a new, unexpected space can emerge. For these reasons, these practices found and refound the public space: through the renewal of the urban space (see G. Deleuze and F. Guattari), these architects of sensibility create, indeed, new ways of "living together" (see J. Dubatti), a new community, in short a dramaturgy of of life and of the city where the notion of pedestrian is close to that of spectator.Under this perspective that highlights the articulation between the aesthetics and the politics, we adopt the notion of "anthropophagisation". This word, borrowed from the Anthropophagic Declaration (see O. de Andrade), alludes to both the phenomena of devouring that occur in the urban space and the relation between real life and artistic expression, because it "blurs" the gap between everyday life and a piece of art
Thorstensen, Nicolas. "Apprentissage de variétés et applications au traitement de formes et d'images." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005860.
Full textOlive, Marc. "Géométrie des espaces de tenseurs : une approche effective appliquée à la mécanique des milieux continus." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4745/document.
Full textTensorial formulation of mechanical constitutive equations is a very important matter in continuum mechanics. For instance, the space of elastic tensors is a subspace of 4th order tensors with a natural SO(3) group action. More generaly, we have to study the geometry of a tensor space defined on $mathbb{R}^{3}$, under O(3) group action.To describe such a geometry, we first have to exhibit its isotropy classes, also named symetry classes. Indeed, each tensor space possesses a finite number of isotropy classes. In this present work, we propose an original method to obtain isotropy classes of a given tensor space. As an illustration of this new method, we get for the first time the isotropy classes of a 8th order tensor space occuring in second strain-gradient elasticity theory. In the case of a real representation of a compact group, invariant algebra seperates the orbits. This observation motivates the purpose to find a finite generating set of polynomial invariants. For that purpose, we make use of the link between tensor spaces and spaces of binary forms, which belongs to the classical invariant theory. We thus have to deal with SL(2,$mathbb{C}$) group action. To obtain new results, we have reformulated and reinterpreted effective approaches of Gordan's algorithm, developped during XIXth century. We then obtain for the first time a minimal generating family of elasticity tensor space, and a generating family of piezoelectricity tensor space. Using linear algebra arguments, we were also able to get important relations of classical invariant theory, such as the Gordan's series and the Abdesselam--Chipalkatti's quadratic relations on transvectants
Martignoni-Hutin, Jean-Pierre. "Jeux, joueurs, espaces de jeu et formes ludiques : sociologie de certains jeux de hasard et d'argent (paris hippiques de chevaux, loteries, machines à sous ...)." Lyon 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO20007.
Full textAGames of chance and gambling ( such as backing horses, raffles, slot machines represent an important phenomen in our society. A sociological analysis which connects the objective data of socially discriminated gaming procedures with the connotations involved in the act of gambling shows that such games reactivate behaviours in which belief, specific rationalities and peculiar symbolizations intertwine. If indeed different types prevail among the range of the observed behaviours and representations ( notably the purpose of winning money, or the superstitions attitude towards chance) the gambler's conduct reveals a more essential quest which allows the link between the practice of ordinary game and that of the subject's existential game face to the world and the human condition. At the same time, if a historical approach forbids us to impute the present gaming inflation to strictly circumstantial causes, we are witnessing a particular setting up which brings about a new definition of the notion of game
Aniceto, Lucas. "Les agglomérations italiques : études des formes matérielles de l'agrégation humaine en pays samnite, lucanien et brettien (Vème-Ier s. av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H028.
Full textOver the last few years, a new research interest in the agglomerations of the Italic hinterland has emerged. Up until now, specific studies had shed some light on Southern Italy. But a large-scale approach was yet to be attempted, to explore the various aspects of this complex, many-faceted phenomenon that has generated lively discussions among experts from a variety of fields.This dissertation offers a description of these particular agglomerations based on a systematic compilation of the documentation pertaining to these establishments, regardless of their status.The first three chapters lay the foundations of our study. After an overview of habitat research through the prism of terminology and historiography, we will discuss the concept of agglomeration in the territories we study and the different archeological perspectives in the light of debates inside and beyond the field of Italic studies. We will then gradually focus on the forms and logics of establishment, i.e. the urban geography of our sites. The fourth and fifth chapters offer a reasoned presentation of the existing topographical and archeological material. As we examine our data at various scales of analysis, we will constantly consider the diversity and complexity the notion of agglomeration assumes
Hassani, Ali. "ÉQUATION DES ONDES SUR LES ESPACES SYMÉTRIQUES RIEMANNIENS DE TYPE NON COMPACT." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669082.
Full textMorchid, Mohamed. "Représentations robustes de documents bruités dans des espaces homogènes." Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0202/document.
Full textIn the Information Retrieval field, documents are usually considered as a "bagof-words". This model does not take into account the temporal structure of thedocument and is sensitive to noises which can alter its lexical form. These noisescan be produced by different sources : uncontrolled form of documents in microbloggingplatforms, automatic transcription of speech documents which are errorprone,lexical and grammatical variabilities in Web forums. . . The work presented inthis thesis addresses issues related to document representations from noisy sources.The thesis consists of three parts in which different representations of content areavailable. The first one compares a classical representation based on a term-frequencyrepresentation to a higher level representation based on a topic space. The abstractionof the document content allows us to limit the alteration of the noisy document byrepresenting its content with a set of high-level features. Our experiments confirm thatmapping a noisy document into a topic space allows us to improve the results obtainedduring different information retrieval tasks compared to a classical approach based onterm frequency. The major problem with such a high-level representation is that it isbased on a space theme whose parameters are chosen empirically.The second part presents a novel representation based on multiple topic spaces thatallow us to solve three main problems : the closeness of the subjects discussed in thedocument, the tricky choice of the "right" values of the topic space parameters and therobustness of the topic-based representation. Based on the idea that a single representationof the contents cannot capture all the relevant information, we propose to increasethe number of views on a single document. This multiplication of views generates "artificial"observations that contain fragments of useful information. The first experimentvalidated the multi-view approach to represent noisy texts. However, it has the disadvantageof being very large and redundant and of containing additional variability associatedwith the diversity of views. In the second step, we propose a method based onfactor analysis to compact the different views and to obtain a new robust representationof low dimension which contains only the informative part of the document whilethe noisy variabilities are compensated. During a dialogue classification task, the compressionprocess confirmed that this compact representation allows us to improve therobustness of noisy document representation.Nonetheless, during the learning process of topic spaces, the document is consideredas a "bag-of-words" while many studies have showed that the word position in a7document is useful. A representation which takes into account the temporal structureof the document based on hyper-complex numbers is proposed in the third part. Thisrepresentation is based on the hyper-complex numbers of dimension four named quaternions.Our experiments on a classification task have showed the effectiveness of theproposed approach compared to a conventional "bag-of-words" representation
Lelièvre, Samuel. "Surfaces de Veech arithmétiques en genre deux: disques de Teichmüller, groupes de Veech et constantes de Siegel-Veech." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008722.
Full textFoltête, Jean-Christophe. "Production sociale et dimension visible du paysage : analyse géographique." Besançon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BESA1001.
Full textA theoretical analysis of the production of landscape led us to tackle two questions related to land use: social production and visible dimension. We used socio-economic data produced by general census and corine land cover concurrently. The process, which is based on statistical modeling, was applied principally to the french department of Doubs, and then extended to the departments of Jura and Lozère. In an initial phase, land use is considered within the communal zoning. Different experiments show a strong correlation with social data, linked primarily to the distance from urban centers and to the altitude. The substitution of corine land cover by satellite data produced similar results. Mesological parameters did not improve the prediction of landscape types. In a second phase, land use is at the origin of a simulation of visible landscape from each point of the image, in combination with a digital elevation model. A number of spatial parameters, calculated over neighborhood variables, are compared to visual data ; they allow to recognize the most characteristic landscape types. The integration of visual data within communal zoning data allows to identify discrepancies between social, spatial and visible gradients which are determined from the urban centers all the way to rural areas. Finally, the measurement of the relationship between social and landscape data in the Jura as well as the correlation of spatial and visual data in the Lozère shows similar results, which validates the results obtained for the Doubs. In the region of Besançon (capital of the Doubs), a diachronic approach gives an improved perception of the social production
Kaltenmark, Irène. "Geometrical Growth Models for Computational Anatomy." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN049/document.
Full textThe Large Deformation Diffeomorphic Metric Mapping (LDDMM) framework has proved to be highly efficient for addressing the problem of modelling and analysis of the variability of populations of shapes, allowing for the direct comparison and quantization of diffeomorphic morphometric changes. However, the analysis of medical imaging data also requires the processing of more complex changes, which especially appear during growth or aging phenomena. The observed organisms are subject to transformations over the time which are no longer diffeomorphic, at least in a biological sense. One reason might be a gradual creation of new material uncorrelated to the preexisting one. For this purpose, we offer to extend the LDDMM framework to address the problem of non diffeomorphic structural variations in longitudinal scenarios during a growth or degenerative process. We keep the geometric central concept of a group of deformations acting on a shape space. However, the shapes will be encoded by a new enriched mathematical object allowing through partial mappings an intrinsic evolution dissociated from external deformations. We focus on the specific case of the growth of animal horns.Ultimately, we integrate these growth priors into a new optimal control problem for assimilation of time-varying surface data, leading to an interesting problem in the field of the calculus of variations where the choice of the attachment term on the data, current or varifold, plays an unexpected role
Ndiaye, Maguette. "Pour une esthétique de l'apocalypse dans "London Fields" de Martin Amis et "How the Dead Live" de Will Self : thèmes, formes et lieux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC023/document.
Full textIn this resolutely post-human era how can literature disregard the appeal of a postmodern apocalypse that has long left behind its biblical origins? We argue that not only do the novels of Martin Amis and Will Self clearly engage in a radical apocalyptic discourse with all its various forms and thematic variations - from the nuclear threat to more intimate revelations - but also designate the intricate workings of a wider apocalyptic aesthetics. This is what joins the two novels of our corpus: London Fields and How the Dead Live, with the phantasmatic death or murder of love, on one side and the "spectacularity" of death on the other. With the future consisting of the endless repetition of their “end”, the characters are as much their own avatars conditioned by the contingencies of time, urban congestion, simulacrum and death, as they are the targets of an eroded language
Colomb, Maxime. "Simulation de formes réalistes de développement résidentiel, de l’échelle du bâtiment à celle de l’ensemble d’une région urbaine." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2070.
Full textThe process of urban sprawl of urban agglomerations is very often criticised for numerous reasons.The dynamics of residential developments, at the origin of urban sprawl, are very complex and result from the interaction of several phenomena. Many laws and regulations are supposed to control the construction of buildings in order to limit the negative impacts of urbanisation.It is nevertheless difficult to anticipate the effects of such a regulatory corpus. Its multi-scale nature, related to the different levels of regulation, the different regulated subjects and the different parties executing those regulations complicate the forecasting of their effects and the spatial configurations they contribute to create. Here, we propose a simulation model for the residential development of an urban agglomeration. It produces realistic configurations respecting the orientations, goals and constraints stemming from urban planning documents. To that end, we elaborate a coupling of two existing spatial simulation models. This coupling, named ArtiScales, follows a top-down approach in simulating the shape of the residential development of an entire study area by selecting the constructible parcels and by simulating the construction potential of each plot. ArtiScales integrates the MUP-City model, that allows us to select interesting locations with respect to the built configuration of the study area and to several points of interest (transportation networks, shopping facilities, services, etc.). We develop a parcel management model in order to select the existing parcels interesting for residential development and to recompose them when needed according to the chosen scenarios and to specific situations (densification, special operations). Finally, we use the SimPLU3D model to simulate the constructibility of each parcel. This model generates spatial configurations, in three dimensions, respecting the regulatory constraints originating from the local urban planning scheme (Plan Local de l’Urbanisme - PLU). We concentrate the analysis of the coupling results on the estimation of created housing units and its agreement with the goals defined by the local housing program (Programme Local de l’Habitat - PLH) and on the housing density by hectare and its agreement with the goals defined by the territorial coherence scheme (Schéma de Cohérence Territoriale - SCoT). Spatial simulation models are subject to an important variability that questions the reliability of simulation results. MUP-City being particularly subject to such variability, we conduct a complete analysis of its simulation results in order to caracterise the parameters responsible for this variability and how it translates to the produced spatial configurations. We distinguish two types of variations : the ones caused by scenaristic parameters, allowing to simulate different residential development forms, and those caused by technical parameters (internal to the model), allowing to propose variants of the scenarios. The variability between the variants is compared with the variability found in the study of MUP-City results in order to see if the model coupling absorbs or amplifies it. The ArtiScales model (https://github.com/ArtiScales/ArtiScales) is available as free and open source software and can be used in many applications. A set of simulations representing different scenarios has been explored on the Grand Besançon territory (East of France). Simulations carried out represent a potential for residential development conforming to all the regulations at work. We also propose simulations that modify the zoning authorising the construction or not
Tsang, Fanny. "Formes et enjeux de la participation en art : le cas des Monuments et du Musée précaire Albinet de Thomas Hirschhorn." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100060.
Full textThis thesis questions the participation in art through the analysis of Monuments and of the Musée Précaire Albinet realized between 1999 and 2013 in Europe and in The United States, by the contemporary artist Thomas Hirschhorn. These pieces were all crafted with the residents of the projects in which they took place. They are less based on contemplation than on the testing of a specific situation: the interaction of people from different origins, ages and social backgrounds. These pieces aim to be places of knowledge transmission and substantial transformation of the ecology of the projects’ urban web.Consequently, the question revolves around the relation between the modes of participation and their transformative power.In order to answer this question, we set two levels of analysis. First, we investigated the aesthetic field and focused on the production modes and the way the pieces were perceived. Then, we carried out interviews of the participants and of the audience members so as to concretely characterize the participation process. Participation is usually associated to personalization and adaptation process, or to the expression of the targeted audience, which leads to the deletion of the artist’s touch. By contrast, this thesis shows that it is from the confrontation to the otherness that subjectivation processes and a collective action may come out. Then, and paradoxically, to maintain the artist in a strong position seems necessary, so that participative processes —understood as powers of transformation — may happen
Mao, Pascal. "Les lieux de pratiques sportives de nature dans les espaces ruraux et montagnards : contribution à l'analyse de l'espace géographique des sports." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00280034.
Full textLa première partie pose les cadres et contextes aussi bien thématiques que disciplinaires afin de permettre une lecture géographique des lieux sportifs de nature.
La deuxième partie permet une relecture géo-historique de la diffusion des pratiques sportives de nature en France. Après une analyse des conditions d'émergence puis du développement de ces lieux et pratiques dans l'espace français, un changement d'échelle permettra d'appréhender localement les processus d'appropriation de ces fragments d'espaces par les pratiquants sportifs.
La troisième partie mobilise des méthodes d'analyse spatiale pour comprendre l'espace contemporain des pratiques sportives de nature. Une approche structurelle s'intéresse aux logiques de diffusion et de localisation des lieux dédiés à ces activités et leurs rôles dans l'organisation d'un nouvel espace sportif à l'échelle nationale et régionale.
La quatrième partie s'interroge sur les territorialités, cultures sportives et leurs incidences sur les modes d'usage ou de fréquentation des lieux ainsi que sur les représentations sociales qui y sont associées. Le pratiquant est alors positionné au cœur du questionnement afin de comprendre ses spatialités sportives, ses discours et perceptions des espaces d'activités.
La cinquième partie traite des formes de développement des lieux de pratiques sportives de nature. Vue au travers du jeu d'acteurs, de leurs logiques d'action et des dynamiques territoriales qui en résultent, elle propose une relecture organisationnelle des modes de gestion et d'aménagement des territoires sportifs ruraux ou montagnards.
La conclusion propose une mise en perspective de ces trois approches et tente d'apporter une réponse générale à la problématique de cette recherche.