Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Espace de recherche conditionnel'
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Gamot, Juliette. "Algorithms for Conditional Search Space Optimal Layout Problems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB042.
This thesis falls within the scope of layout optimization, which is an important stage in the design of complex multidisciplinary engineering systems such as aerospace vehicles. Optimal layout problems (OLPs) involve finding the best arrangement of a set of components within a single- or multi-container system or space to meet specific objectives (cost reduction, performance enhancement, etc.) while satisfying various constraints (geometrical, functional, etc.). Dealing with OLPs is challenging both in terms of their formulation and their efficient and effective resolution. Actually, OLPs are often highly constrained and involve many mixed decision variables (continuous, discrete/categorial) which may be fixed or conditional. Conditional variables are highly useful to define different design choices when the set of components to be arranged is variable and dynamic. Consequently, their resolution requires the use of advanced optimization algorithms combining different classes of (mixed-variable) methods including metaheuristics and Bayesian optimization.The overall objective of the thesis is to investigate OLPs, their formulation in different contexts, their resolution using various optimization methods and their hybridization, and their validation within the framework of aerospace vehicle design. The contributions of the thesis are organized in two parts corresponding to two types of OLPs. In the first (resp. second) part, the set of components to be arranged is fixed (variable or conditional) involving fixed search space OLPs or FSS-OLPs (resp. conditional search space OLPs or CSS-OLPs). In both cases, the system/space in which the components are arranged is considered single- or multi-container.In the first part, a survey of constrained mixed-variable FSS-OLPs is proposed including their generic formulations, applications and resolution methods with a particular focus on quasi-physical methods and population-based metaheuristics. Based on a virtual force system (VF) quasi-physical algorithms emulate the principle of physical laws in system dynamics and deal efficiently with highly constrained problems. A variant (namely CSO-VF) of these algorithms is devised for solving single-container FSS-OLPs. In CSO-VF, the positions and orientations of the components are evolved using VF. To deal with multi-container systems, CSO-VF is combined with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) in a two-stage algorithm that assigns the components to the containers and optimizes their layout. These single- and multi-container algorithms are assessed considering satellite module FSS-OLPs that are representative benchmarks.In the second part, a survey of constrained mixed-variable CSS-OLPs is proposed in the same way than in the first part. Conditional variables involve more complex OLPs. Actually, for instance, in the context of aerospace concept design, a given amount of fuel could be included in a container in either one large tank or two smaller ones. Therefore, as the number of components to position is not the same in both cases the number of design variables as well as constraint functions vary during the optimization process. To deal with single-container CSS-OLPs, two approaches have been investigated: the first one is a GA revisited considering hidden variables, leading to variable-geometry OLPs (in objective and constraint functions). The second approach is a two-stage surrogate guided-CSO-VF algorithm combining Bayesian Optimization with CSO-VF. Bayesian Optimization selects the components with are considered by CSO-VF for layout optimization. This latter approach has been extended with a GA in a three-stage algorithm to tackle multi-container CSS-OLPs. Finally, all the algorithms are evaluated and compared based on their application to CSS variants of satellite module OLPs
Bonnefond, Mathilde. "Caractérisation des étapes de traitement élémentaire du raisonnement conditionnel à l’aide de l’EEG et de la MEG : effet de l’incertitude du conditionnel et des différences interindividuelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20101.
The conditional reasoning, based on statements of the form If P then Q, is one which has received the most attention from psychologists. The main arguments of conditional reasoning, as the Modus Ponens (MP), consist of three elements: the major premise (If P then Q), the minor premise (P) and conclusion (Q). These elements constitute three separate processing steps. However, the temporal dimension of reasoning has been partly neglected in the literature. The central objective of this thesis was to explore the temporal dimension by using an innovative approach combining the use of the measurement of premises reading time and of the electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography ( MEG). We set three objectives: 1) Determine the sequence of processing steps of the basic argument MP 2) Determine how the uncertainty of a conditional theme is taken into account, 3) Highlight the interindividual differences in treatment a conditional statement, or basic theme by introducing the study of the AC argument, which allows to separate two populations: individuals who accept the conclusion of AC and individuals who reject it. The data reveals that all individuals have a tendency to focus more on P and Q in the processing of the conditional, with varying degrees in different individuals. When the premise P (or Q for participants that accept AC) is presented, it is integrated with the major premise to generate a conclusion Q encoded and stored in working memory before being compared with the conclusions presented. When the conditional is uncertain (Thematic conditional), this uncertainty about the sufficiency of P for Q (or Q for P) seems to be taken into account by the subjects at the major premise and is manifested by an less pronounced expectation of Q conclusion when the premise P has been presented
Bonnefond, Mathilde. "Caractérisation des étapes de traitement élémentaire du raisonnement conditionnel à l’aide de l’EEG et de la MEG : effet de l’incertitude du conditionnel et des différences interindividuelles." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20101/document.
The conditional reasoning, based on statements of the form If P then Q, is one which has received the most attention from psychologists. The main arguments of conditional reasoning, as the Modus Ponens (MP), consist of three elements: the major premise (If P then Q), the minor premise (P) and conclusion (Q). These elements constitute three separate processing steps. However, the temporal dimension of reasoning has been partly neglected in the literature. The central objective of this thesis was to explore the temporal dimension by using an innovative approach combining the use of the measurement of premises reading time and of the electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography ( MEG). We set three objectives: 1) Determine the sequence of processing steps of the basic argument MP 2) Determine how the uncertainty of a conditional theme is taken into account, 3) Highlight the interindividual differences in treatment a conditional statement, or basic theme by introducing the study of the AC argument, which allows to separate two populations: individuals who accept the conclusion of AC and individuals who reject it. The data reveals that all individuals have a tendency to focus more on P and Q in the processing of the conditional, with varying degrees in different individuals. When the premise P (or Q for participants that accept AC) is presented, it is integrated with the major premise to generate a conclusion Q encoded and stored in working memory before being compared with the conclusions presented. When the conditional is uncertain (Thematic conditional), this uncertainty about the sufficiency of P for Q (or Q for P) seems to be taken into account by the subjects at the major premise and is manifested by an less pronounced expectation of Q conclusion when the premise P has been presented
Abouda, Lotfi. "Recherche sur la syntaxe et la semantique du conditionnel en francais moderne." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070040.
After the introduction of syntactic analysis (chapter i), we examine the issue of the categorical statute of the conditionnel: mood or tense? to answer, it is necessary to suggest operational definitions for the two concerned grammatical categories. In the chapter ii , we begin a general study on the modal category. After underlining the different difficulties of the proposed analysis, we start thsearch of new criteria of definition for verbal moods. Verbal moods can only be localised in syntax. The observance of syntactic structures of different moods allows to conclude that they are syntactically visible. This hypothesis become entirely operational in the chapter iii where the study of the tenses of indicatif allows to conclude that they are syntactically invisible. In chapter iv, which deals with the deals with the categorical statute of conditionnel, the syntactic visibility of moods vs tenses allows to support classical arguments (diachronic, morphological, analogical) defended todemonstrate the temporal nature of conditionnel. Henceforth, it remains two essential questions about conditionnel (i) its integration in the system of indicatif (ii)its uses. The first question requires a general study of categories of tense and aspect. It is treated in chapters iii and vi. We conclude that it exits, in french, two groups of tenses called monochroniques and polychroniques; the second group contains conditionnel, imparfait and plus-que-parfait. The question of uses is exposed in chapters v and vi. An unitary treatment is proposed where all the uses of conditionnel are explained by an unique signification conditionnel expresses a prospective value from a space of stating distinct, by that very fact, from the speaker's one
Idrissi, Fakhr-Eddine Abdellah. "Recherche d'un effet de violation de parité dans l'interaction neutron-proton." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10066.
Martin, Nathalie. "Exploration d'un espace de perceptions et d'un espace de preferences. Recherche d'optima en formulation sensorielle." Massy, ENSIA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EIAA0033.
Marchi, Valentina Guichard Jean. "L'espace multiple de Calvino comme recherche d'un monde autre." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/marchi_v.
Benabdelouahed, Djafer. "Etude experimentale de la reaction proton (deuton, x) pion negatif : recherche de resonances multibaryoniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13194.
Labidi, Abdelhakim. "Contribution a un plan d'action pour la recherche en biologie moleculaire et en immunologie des mycobacteries." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077089.
Berat, Corinne. "Etude des résonances nucléaires géantes isovectorielles électriques par réaction d'échange de charge : recherche du mode monopolaire." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10145.
Henniche, M'hammed. "Apprentissage incrémental à partir d'exemples dans un espace de recherche réduit." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA13A001.
Channarond, Antoine. "Recherche de structure dans un graphe aléatoire : modèles à espace latent." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112338/document.
.This thesis addresses the clustering of the nodes of a graph, in the framework of randommodels with latent variables. To each node i is allocated an unobserved (latent) variable Zi and the probability of nodes i and j being connected depends conditionally on Zi and Zj . Unlike Erdos-Renyi's model, connections are not independent identically distributed; the latent variables rule the connection distribution of the nodes. These models are thus heterogeneous and their structure is fully described by the latent variables and their distribution. Hence we aim at infering them from the graph, which the only observed data.In both original works of this thesis, we propose consistent inference methods with a computational cost no more than linear with respect to the number of nodes or edges, so that large graphs can be processed in a reasonable time. They both are based on a study of the distribution of the degrees, which are normalized in a convenient way for the model.The first work deals with the Stochastic Blockmodel. We show the consistency of an unsupervised classiffcation algorithm using concentration inequalities. We deduce from it a parametric estimation method, a model selection method for the number of latent classes, and a clustering test (testing whether there is one cluster or more), which are all proved to be consistent. In the second work, the latent variables are positions in the ℝd space, having a density f. The connection probability depends on the distance between the node positions. The clusters are defined as connected components of some level set of f. The goal is to estimate the number of such clusters from the observed graph only. We estimate the density at the latent positions of the nodes with their degree, which allows to establish a link between clusters and connected components of some subgraphs of the observed graph, obtained by removing low degree nodes. In particular, we thus derive an estimator of the cluster number and we also show the consistency in some sense
Ouchtouban, Lahcen. "Recherche de nouvelles methodes d'exploitation adaptees aux parties aval du gisement de l'aouam en conditions geomecaniques mediocres." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0100.
Astier, Pierre. "Recherche d'oscillations de neutrinos dans le canal neutrino-muon vers neutrino-electron aupres de l'accelerateur de brookhaven." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077268.
Nédélec, Patrick. "Recherche d'une quatrieme famille de leptons dans les interactions proton-antiproton a 630 gev avec le detecteur ua1." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077232.
Matte, Stéphanie. "Forêt en construction : Identité subjective d'un espace et recherche infinie de l'histoire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37738.
Morissette, Gilles. "Parcours dans l'espace tridimensionnel : une recherche en art visuel." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080999.
This theoretical and practical thesis questions : how can the fullness of three-dimensional space be expressed? the production of contemporary art works by gilles morissette (1984 to 1995) responds to this question. These works evolve from sculpture to interior environments. The participation of the spectator in the work is an importa nt factor. The orchestration of different strategically organized points of view allows the spectator a specific ambulat ion. He is confronted with what there is in front of him, and with what he feels around him. He can choose different key positions in order to have different points of view on one singular compositional element. He can thus relativize his perception. The three-dimensional line is an essential element of the drawing in space, as is the evolution of its technique, materialization and function in the space. The different types of space which have influenced the artist's interest in three-dimensional space and its use in his interior environments are explored. The theme of hydroelectric pylons, radio antennas and telecommunication towers is a constancy in his research. Multilinear constructions (linear forms covered with black paper) are inspired by these structures as well as by their undulatory activity. Structural lines and spatial gesture are linked to the matter of black textured paper. The artist analyzes the constituent parts of light, shadow, darkness, their evolution and contribution to the dynamics of his art work. He signifies how light diminishes gradually to cede to darkness. The interaction of material lines, immaterial lines, shadow and darkness creates situations whereby materiality and immateriality are put in doubt
Lee, Kil-Ho. "Les "revues intellectuelles". La construction sociale d'un espace intermédiaire." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100139.
The « intellectual reviews » could not be defined with common criteria, accepted by all. They are the issue of struggles for various social agents who claim to play a specific role in the very existence of this form of publication. All these agents are not homogeneous in nature and volume of capital they hold, but they share the same belief in that these « intellectual reviews » play an important role in the evolution of intellectual production, role considered as irreducible in the sphere of cultural activities that other forms of publication can’t replace. Thus, in this perspective that sees the « intellectual reviews » as a space of belief, the central axis of this research is how and in which context such belief shapes the construction of a raison d’être. By crossing the field surveys, this research emphasises on the involved agents’ strategies – ways of justification, expressions of this belief –, and on their intellectual and social conditions. It aims at highlighting the logic, inherent in the space of « intellectual reviews », and its effects on the intellectual field
Clerc-Renaud, Tania. "Recherche de periodicites relatives a la variation des parametres orbitaux dans la sedimentation alternante du jurassique superieur-cretace inferieur (sierra de fontcalent, espagne)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066152.
Pécheux, Nicolas. "Modèles exponentiels et contraintes sur les espaces de recherche en traduction automatique et pour le transfert cross-lingue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS242/document.
Most natural language processing tasks are modeled as prediction problems where one aims at finding the best scoring hypothesis from a very large pool of possible outputs. Even if algorithms are designed to leverage some kind of structure, the output space is often too large to be searched exaustively. This work aims at understanding the importance of the search space and the possible use of constraints to reduce it in size and complexity. We report in this thesis three case studies which highlight the risk and benefits of manipulating the seach space in learning and inference.When information about the possible outputs of a sequence labeling task is available, it may seem appropriate to include this knowledge into the system, so as to facilitate and speed-up learning and inference. A case study on type constraints for CRFs however shows that using such constraints at training time is likely to drastically reduce performance, even when these constraints are both correct and useful at decoding.On the other side, we also consider possible relaxations of the supervision space, as in the case of learning with latent variables, or when only partial supervision is available, which we cast as ambiguous learning. Such weakly supervised methods, together with cross-lingual transfer and dictionary crawling techniques, allow us to develop natural language processing tools for under-resourced languages. Word order differences between languages pose several combinatorial challenges to machine translation and the constraints on word reorderings have a great impact on the set of potential translations that is explored during search. We study reordering constraints that allow to restrict the factorial space of permutations and explore the impact of the reordering search space design on machine translation performance. However, we show that even though it might be desirable to design better reordering spaces, model and search errors seem yet to be the most important issues
Warnet, Jean-Manuel. "Le laboratoire théâtral au XXe siècle : un espace de recherche pour le théâtre d'art." Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20044.
The 20th century history of theatre practice in Europe is marked by notable places for experimentation which, as workshops, studios or research centres, can be collectively described as theatre laboratories. The theatre laboratory is a specific place and time where a collective of stage professionals, led by a mentor, conducts research in various domains of theatre practice without the urgent need to produce something for an immediate audience. Theatre laboratories emerged in parallel with the trend to give a key part to art theatre and to the personality of the stage director. Russia was the first country for experimentation with the Art Theatre studio in Moscow in 1905. That founding experience was the stimulation for creating many other studios for research on acting, those of the “system” of Stanilavski, Soulerjitski, Mikhaïl Tchekhov, Boleslavski, Vakhtangov, and that of Meyerhold in the URSS in 1913-1917. Following attemps by Edward Gordon Craig and Jacques Copeau, the latter combined teaching and research in the achieved or utopian form of an experimental school. In the first half of the twentieth century, the theatre laboratory found its models essentially in the religious community or, for the case for Meyerhold in URSS, in the political avant-garde. It was not until the sixties that a new form of laboratory emerged, under the leadership of Jerzy Grotowski. This new format followed the path set by Stanilavski, and it provided the impetus for Peter Brook's and Eugenio Barba's ultimate successes. Reflection on this notion of laboratory over the 20th century and throughout the continent provides a new view of the history of theatre art. The reflection is an attempt to unveil the depths of theatre-related work and to examine the underlying process rather than is spectacular results
Marchi, Valentina. "L'espace multiple de Calvino comme recherche d'un monde autre." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/marchi_v.
The representation of space in some wrtings of Italo Calvino is the subject of this thesis. In a first step, those classical authors are addressed who have influenced Calvino in his conception of space. His view and interpretation of landscape is then successively worked out. This study shows a constant anxiety of the author for the subject of space, which is manifest in his theoretical essays as well as in the novels: Marcovaldo, La speculazione edilizia, La nuvola di smog, Le cosmicomiche and palomar. The protagonists of Calvino's novels explore continuously their environment, and clearly show a discomfort in their surroundings. They are full of "energy against an unfair world" and want to build "different possible worlds". The analysis shows how Calvino tries to construct an image of the universe, knowing that it is impossible to conceive it in its totality. Space appears in the author's works increasinggly complex, infinite, and impossible to perceive in its entirety
Chang, Chun-Yi. "Images flottantes : une recherche sur la création multimédia." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010632.
Sadoun, Isma. "Raffinement progressif et personnalisé des requêtes de préférences dans un espace hautement dimensionnel." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0004.
The use of preferences provides personalized the multi-criteria search and enhances the relevance of the result. The most prominent technique is the skyline queries, based on the concept of Pareto dominance defined. These queries can eliminate tuples dominated by other tuples. The user can then choose from the tuples that are not dominated , which can be considered as the best choice. However, one of the main limitations of skyline queries is when the number of dimensions increases, the result size becomes too large to offer any interesting insights. This thesis provides different solutions to this problem. The general idea is to extend the dominance relationships by introducing more flexible and individualized criteria for comparing tuples, then combine them gradually to best meet the needs of the user. Extensions were made to the skyline operator to offer the user the ability to classify tuples to choose the best or select k best solutions. The user can successively use several preference relations by ordering them to take into account the priorities and level of reliability he attributes to each. This thesis also describes the proposed algorithms, along with the to validate our approaches
Martinez, Flores Leonardo. "Modèles de localisation optimale dans une ville multicentrée : recherche d'un critère fondé sur la productivité du travail." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100041.
SCHMIDT, CHRISTIANE. "Vassili kandinsky : a la recherche d'une nouvelle dimension. vassili kandinsky et les sciences exactes. une lecture scientifique de ses ecrits et de son oeuvre pictural des annees 1920." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29044.
Abstract : the present dissertation proposes a study of vassily kandinsky's (1866-1944) private collection of german scientific books, which was never studied before. That collection can in particular furnish some new aspects of kandinsky's relation to science. While the pioneer of abstract painting was often characterised by specialised literature - insisting on his interest in spiritualistic and religious ideas - as an adversary of science, it will be shown here that kandinsky reveals a blend of the intuitive talent of an artist and the scientific spirit of a researcher. The main concern of this study is to demonstrate in which way the artist dealt with the current physic theories of his time as for example with the theory of relativity and the quantum theory
Morin-Feghali, Maguy. "Recherche sur la conception de l'espace clos dans l'oeuvre romanesque de Jean Giono." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040174.
The concept of confined space in the work of Jean Giono presents a significant diversity indicating a rather varied human geography. The nature of the construction, their age and character, reveal man's diverging relations with the cosmos. With the charm of the rustic abode, Giono opposes the ugliness and unnatural form of the city. The warm enclosure blends in with the landscape, without spoiling it, and prevents man from being drawn from the "true riches". The house is a home where love and security is found, a space which is sacred to Giono. The element wich constitute it date life and even consciousness. Here, the balance of man's varying needs is assured. At its center, the woman provides a source of security and affection. Her maternal instincts reflect the image of refuge. The dynamism of what is hidden is symbolically developed through certain miniatures, notably in the book itself. Inside, its compressed space opens up into a world of depth an intimacy
Clerc, Xavier. "Planification dans un espace de buts par stratégie de type meilleur d'abord." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0059.
Most of distributed planning systems are based on models which were developped for centralized planning. These models have then been adapted to distribution and its specific contraints. Our goal is at the opposite to design a planning model that considers these constraints as premises. We have developped a planning model that uses a best-first search (as an adaptation of the proof-number search algorithm). We have applied this model to planning over task structures (from multiagent notations) as well as to HTN planning. Ln this latter case, we have shown how a best-first search allows the planner to rapidly gather constraints that can prune branches from the search space. We have also defined plan robustness in order to mitigate the consequences of an agent failure or a resource unavailability
Jung, Yung-Jin. "Le cadre juridique des activités spatiales nationales : recherche sur les pays du Nord-Est asiatique : Japon et Corée." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111024.
Salvatierra, Violeta. "L'atelier de danse et d’éducation somatique comme espace d'expérimentations micropolitiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080047.
This practice-based research focuses on the use of body practices from the field of contemporary dance and somatic techniques in contexts linked to health issues and social precarity. Through three case studies, it considers the way such practices may sustain some processes of subjectivation, with emancipatory potential. Close to certain action research schemes, the three studies have been selected from a larger corpus of interventions as a researcher-practitioner. They showcase an array of methodological tools and stances of investigation, and they constitute the three parts of this memoir : a project of weekly workshops within a department of therapeutic lodgings (A.C.T) in Kremlin-Bicêtre ; an intervention with dance and somatic education workshops in a therapeutic social club in Paris, in the field of psychiatry ; and the experience of sharing a choreographic piece, Legacy (2015), by Nadia Beugré, with a group of women, residents of Aubervilliers, in the framework of the experimental project of artistic mediation, sustained by the National Center of Dance (CND), named IMAGINE
Tsogbetse, Israël. "Etude de codages et voisinages d'un espace de recherche. Application à l'ordonnancement de tâches dans des cas contraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCA001.
Metaheuristics are optimization problem-solving methods that primarily rely on an abstract representation of solutions in the form of direct or indirect encoding. Improving a solution or a set of solutions in parallel is achieved through manipulations of these encodings and algorithms evaluating the quality of associated solutions. The transition from one solution to another involves the use of one or more operators to explore the search space. Generally, metaheuristics utilize these operators to iteratively enhance solutions until reaching a local (or global) optimum. A plethora of metaheuristics has been proposed to address combinatorial optimization problems, including task scheduling problems. These ones are often dedicated to specific classes of instances. In this context, researchers frequently propose algorithms that combine various methods, striving to optimize parameters across different parts of their algorithms. However, the achieved performance is often comparable, and efficiency depends on the class of instances addressed. While solution encodings and neighborhood operators are recognized as essential components within metaheuristics, they are rarely jointly examined in an analytical and scientific manner.This thesis aims to characterize solution encodings and neighborhood operators commonly used in scheduling, particularly for the job shop problem and for one of its variants, in which the objective is to minimize the makespan. The ambition is to exploit the properties of the search spaces induced by these encodings and operators to enhance the design of metaheuristics. The approach applied in our study is structured into two main parts, with a gradation in the complexity of the job shop problem. The first part focuses on characterizing search spaces through a fitness landscape analysis, using metrics from the literature. The second part involves evaluating the performance of various combinations of encodings and neighborhood operators with the aim of identifying potential correlations with landscape properties. This is done to provide recommendations for the design of metaheuristics. This approach is initially applied to a basic job shop and then to a more constrained variant: the flexible job shop with transportation constraints. Our work highlights the challenge of linking the performance of tested combinations with standard metrics. The comparison of results obtained for the basic problem and its more constrained variant leads us to express reservations about a systematic generalization of encoding and operator characteristics for this category of optimization problems
Jung, Ho-eun. "L'expression de l'espace dans À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040288.
Proust's novel is a research of space as a means of recovering lost time. Recovered time, in the imaginary world, is simply a segment of space which represents time in the past and memory of this instant in images. This thesis approaches Proust’s investigation into space from two directions: physical expression and psychological expression. The first part of the work treats six physical and concrete expressions of space: descriptions and descriptive indications; orientation, horizontality and verticality; reasons for and technics of framing; metaphors for and the metamorphosis of scenes; different types of physical atmospheres; and the physiognomies of places. The second part observes personal psychology in regard to space. The effect of space on the world of sensations is to create an imaginary world which dominates all perceptions of the narrator. The second part consists of five chapters: euphoric space and uncomfortable space; the space of desires; places of passage; space of sleep and dreams; and mythical space
Escusa, Elodie. "A la recherche d'une identité sociale post-apartheid : l'Afrique du Sud du milieu, espace social stratégique de la Transformation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0214/document.
The post-apartheid social and political context is marked by a reconfiguration of inequalities according to social rather than racial lines, and not by their decline. Consequently, the gap between the ambitions and the achievements of the Transformation project is the current frame of enunciation of public discourses on the “Black Middle Class”, seen as a symbol of the long-awaited metamorphosis that was promised by the ANC in the beginning of the 1990’s. The thesis puts these discourses into perspective to tackle the following broader question: What are the components and stakes of identifications in the “middle” of the social space in the context of post-apartheid Transformation? The object of study is theoretically constructed as an “actual middle” (distinct from the “middle class”) and empirically crafted as “those in the middle” (“amaphakathi” in isizulu) in “Black Johannesburg”. The analysis is based on secondary and primary sources (interviews and long-stay observations) gathered between October 2010 and October 2014. The first part explores the exogenous identifications (economic and political conditions, racial and social categorisations past and contemporary). The second part look at the ways “the ones in the middle” position themselves and puts their identity “in practices”. These social practices happen to be “consecrated” – whilst consecrating the “middle” as a social group – by public policies (such as “gap housing”) which target a “middle” category
Rivière, Rafae͏̈le. "Le tourisme équestre : contribution à une recherche sur les potentialités et les difficultés d'une profession de loisirs en espace rural." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20046.
To day, owing to the reduction in productive zones, it is necessary to look for new means of developing the rural environment. In this context, equestrian tourism is in a particular demand. It is sometimes considered as a promising example of an active leisure profession in rural environment as it is aimed not only at farmers, but also non farming rural inhabitant and neorural people. The thesis will attempt to demonstrate, on one hand, although they are real assets, rural tourist activities will only enter a true era of development if the people involved adopt a market economy approach and if the competent authorities adjust some of the current regulation ; furthermore the farmer's support of this type of activity seems to remain marginal, rural tourism being more generally the act of neorural people. This activity would thus only be a partial alternative to the crisis which the rural world is going through today
Blanchon, Clothilde. "Recherche sur la subvention : contribution à l'étude du don en droit public." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0446.
The issue of the legal definition of grant has long been blotted out and constrained. Nowadays, in a context of confusion between this notion with the closely related notion of public procurement, it is more than necessary to tackle it. A single distinctive feature seems efficient to isolate itself from this nearby type: its very nature of public gift or, to employ the French “civil law” terminology, its quality of “gratuitous act”. The research for the two elements used in French private law to identify such an act proves to be conclusive. Furthermore, it reveals the specificity of this item in public law. Animus donandi can originally be combined with general interest, and this raises grant as a real gift with charges of public law. Public gift, as specific as it is, fashions the rules applied to grants. It provides this notion with a genuine legal status, which turns out to be consistent and intelligible. The funding mechanism is ruled by the concept of general interest, and its implementation is governed by its conditional quality. Grants proves to be a public gift, and it is ruled as such. This conclusion couldn’t have been reached without meeting with the heuristic value of the concept of public gift
Tsumori, Keiichi, and Keiichi Tsumori. "Le paysage proustien, des écrits de jeunesse à la " Recherche du temps perdu "." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787103.
Mamfoumbi, Ozoumet Frichnel W. "Inversion de formes d'ondes complètes dans le domaine fréquentiel en se basant sur un espace de recherche étendu : comprendre les limites." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04633251.
Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) has become the cornerstone of seismic imaging workflows in exploration geophysics. FWI is a non destructive imaging device that estimates properties of a medium from waves. Mathematically, FWI is an inverse scattering problem formulated as a constrained data fitting problem for the estimation of the parameters contained in the coefficients of the wave equation constraint. FWI is generally solved with iterative local optimization methods due to the size of the data and parameter spaces. As solving FWI with the method of Lagrange multipliers is expensive, the full search space is classically projected onto the parameter space by variable projection leading to a highly nonlinear problem. This nonlinearity results from the single-scattering Born approximation with which partial derivative data simulate the measured scattered data or data residuals. This approximation requires to satisfy the cycle skipping criterion, that is the simulated data should predict the recorded data with phase errors less than $pi$. This thesis deals with the wavefield reconstruction inversion (WRI) method, which extends the linear regime of FWI by reconstructing wavefields that are closer to the true wavefields and match the observables without cycle skipping. To this end, wavefields are computed in the initial medium with extended sources given by the sum of the experimental sources and an approximation of the volume sources that would generate the scattered fields by the sought model perturbation at the current iteration. The volume sources are estimated by solving an upstream scattered-data fitting problem before pushing the parameters towards the true ones by minimizing the source extensions. This thesis first provides an update overview of these principles. The optimization problem is formulated with the alternating-direction method of multipliers (ADMM) where the wavefields, the parameters and the Lagrange multipliers are updated with alternating directions and nonsmooth regularization is implemented with proximal algorithms. Then, the behavior of WRI are illustrated with synthetic benchmarks. The first illustrates how WRI manages cycle skipping with a full-aperture circular acquisition. Then, a surface acquisition illustrates how WRI reconstructs progressively the medium from shallow to deep areas. This results because the wavefields are computed by backward/forward propagation of the data residuals from the receivers in the inaccurate background medium. Then, the benefit of long-offset acquisition to perform well-posed WRI while avoiding cycle skipping is shown. The fourth test illustrates the sensitivity of WRI to the penalty parameter controling the relative weight of the data and source misfit functions and compare the results of WRI and FWI. Then, the role of sparsity-promoting regularization to reconstruct complex media containing salt bodies is illustrated. Finally, WRI is assessed at the regional scale where the size of the domains leads to hundred of propagated wavelengths and the inversion is stabilized with weighting operator in the source misfit function. Finally, WRI is assessed with a 2D real dataset from the OBN Gorgon survey, Australia. Although the results were impeded by the 2D configuration, the ability of WRI to match arbitrarily well the data is shown while WRI outperforms FWI as highlighted by a better match of well logs and sharper reconstruction of the Gorgon horst at reservoir levels. Perspectives are the efficient numerical implementation of WRI allowing for application on 3D real data to refine the conclusions drawn from this first real data application
Coulon, Fabien. "Minimisation d'automates non-déterministes, recherche d'expressions dans un texte et comparaison de génomes." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES029.
The initial topic of this thesis is automata minimization. I prove a technique for full minimization that was given unproved by Sengoku, together with heuristics based on state simulations, that combine left and right languages. This work provides a reduction technique for B\"uchi automata. On the other hand, I focus on managing the space complexity of determinisation by an optimized partial determinization. The following is more involved in practical applications. First, I focus on secondary expression search in genome, based on context-free grammars. I give an adaptation of Valiant's algorithm, and a CYK algorithm for single hairpin approximate search. Finally, I investigate gene-team search between several genomes. An underlying problem is the common connected set search between several graphs. I describe our new algorithm that is specific to interval graphs
Kalenga, Numbi Narcisse. "Méthodologie de recherche documentaire: un cours en ligne comme espace d'articulation Information - Formation et d'apprentissage à l'autonomie dans les universités du Sud." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210347.
Cucu, Anca-Adriana. "La performance publique dans la politique de recherche de l’Union Européenne entre management et gouvernance : La construction de l’Espace Européen de Recherche par la coordination et le soft law." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2D003.
The public sector faces many changes with the objective of making public bureaucracy more efficient by, on the one hand, using private management tools and instruments and, on the other hand, by involving stakeholders in the decision making process. The performance of the public action has a double objective: the effectiveness of using the public ressources and and taking into consideration the interests of different stakeholders. This is even more noticed at the level of the European Union which is a multilevel governance sui generis and especially in the fields where the EU has not exclusive competences, but it shares them with its Member States, as for example, in the field of research and innovation. The question is how to ensure the performance of the EU research policy by the Open Method of Coordination and soft law? Has the EU the legal instruments in order to complete the European Research Area as a space for the free circulation of knowledge and researchers? The author adresses these questions by analyzing the EU acquis in the field of research as well as the public management initiatives in the field of research, such as the public private partnerships in research and the establishment of the research executive agencies
Banos, Vincent. "L'hypothétique construction des lieux ordinaires entre agriculteurs et non-agriculteurs en Dordogne : de l'idéologie patrimoniale à la recherche des échappés du territoire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426652.
Beauvivre, Stéphane. "Evaluation des performances de microcaméras réalisées en technologie 3D pour la mission spatiale cométaire ROSETTA." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20037.
Pouy, Léo. "OpenNas : un cadre adaptable de recherche automatique d'architecture neuronale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG089.
When creating a neural network, the "fine-tuning" stage is essential. During this fine-tuning, the neural network developer must adjust the hyperparameters and the architecture of the network so that it meets the targets. This is a time-consuming and tedious phase, and requires experience on the part of the developer. So, to make it easier to create neural networks, there is a discipline called Automatic Machine Learning (Auto-ML), which seeks to automate the creation of Machine Learning. This thesis is part of this Auto-ML approach and proposes a method for creating and optimizing neural network architectures (Neural Architecture Search, NAS). To this end, a new search space based on block imbrication has been formalized. This space makes it possible to create a neural network from elementary blocks connected in series or in parallel to form compound blocks which can themselves be connected to form an even more complex network. The advantage of this search space is that it can be easily customized to influence the NAS for specific architectures (VGG, Inception, ResNet, etc.) and control the optimization time. Moreover, it is not constrained to any particular optimization algorithm. In this thesis, the formalization of the search space is first described, along with encoding techniques to represent a network from the search space by a natural number (or a list of natural numbers). Optimization strategies applicable to this search space are then proposed. Finally, neural architecture search experiments on different datasets and with different objectives using the developed tool (named OpenNas) are presented
Tsumori, Keiichi. "Le paysage proustien, des écrits de jeunesse à la « Recherche du temps perdu »." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030029/document.
The landscape refers firstly to a pictorial genre that has nature as its main object. In literature, it means a representation of the land by way of writing. For the Romantics, the landscape was an experience of going out of oneself and expending into the world. Motivated by the positivist and materialist current of the age, the realists considered the landscape as an accurate and faithful representation of things. On the other hand, for the Symbolist school, the landscape exists exclusively in the inside of the spirit and acts only as a mirror of the soul. Impressionist painting tries to capture in a moment the effects of light just as it reflects on the eyes. Coming after the Romantics and the Realists, contemporary with the Symbolists and the Impressionists, Proust must have been sensible of this polyvalent aspect of the landscape. The latter is thus for us a key-motif to understand the changes of Proust’s aesthetics along with the formation of the writer. Indeed, from the early writings to À la recherche du temps perdu, one can notice the inflating meanings attributed to landscape, which, in return, transforms and reforms itself under the influence of the writer’s experiences, travels and encounters with artists, aesthetes and poets. My purpose here is to evaluate how Proust progressively found his own balance between interior and exterior landscapes. Such a dialectic will finally be related to the major theme of his ultimate novel. In À la recherche du temps perdu, the landscape works as a revealing pattern of the literary vocation of the hero, which determines the very structure of the novel. Proust attempts to demonstrate how the hero comprehends landscape and successes to express his life-long groupings of perception
Hubert, Jean-Paul. "Recherche sur les relations entre mobilités et discontinuités dans l'espace géographique." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010527.
Whether he wants to describe the earth, find hin bearings on it, or plan his settlement, man must first identify different places within the spatial continum. Standing out against a discontinous scenery, a place acquires a position within an overall structure. What phenomenological process leads to the constitution of the geographical id3entity of a place, and how real can this identity be? This thesis examines the a priori possibility, in the kantian sense, of objective discontinuities that might, at the same time, be the theoretical instrument of geographical knowledge and the practival instrument of political action. We study the fundamental concepts of geography on several levels, for each discourse on the diversity of the earth presupposes a certain idea of what spatial discontinuities are (to be analysed in geometric terms), together with a particular conception of the man-nature relationship and of political action (which have to do with philosophy). We look at vidal's possibilism, location economics and structural geography. The latter distinguishes itself by choosing dynamic abstract forms as object of knowledge, and by avoiding some of the contradictions of the other approaches. It clarifies the notion of geographical space in relation to "catastrophe theory" and proposes an innovative view of political order founded on the structural stability of objective geographical forms. We examine the epistemoligical foundations of G. Ritchot's "urban form theory" by presenting a phenomenology that explains its transcendantal and moral a priori principles. We go on to propose a theory of the geographical scales that allows us to get out of the urban context and to endow the spatial representations used by other social sciences with geographical objectivity. .
Bousselmi, Ayoub. "Conception et optimisation d’un système d’information d’aide à la mobilité : une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services dans un espace ubiquitaire." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0011/document.
In a context of ubiquitous mobility, different objects are able to interact with users to provide them with innovative services and help them optimize their travel plans. Indeed, the number of users and the number of service providers requested by these users are actively growing. This growth involves an aspect of competition and requires optimized choices. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to design and optimize a mobility aid system that covers not only transport services but also tourist services, cultural services and many others. The research presented in this thesis proposes the establishment of a Plateforme de Recherche et de composition des Services d'Aide à la Mobilité (PRoSAM) to optimize research, composition and distribution tasks of advanced mobility information. The dynamic and distributed aspects of the problem have led us to adopt an agent-oriented modeling approach to cope with the conditions of a ubiquitous environment. Thanks to a dynamic role switching strategy of user agents and an innovative negotiation protocol, customers are able to exchange services autonomously and to establish full or partial agreements in order to optimize communications over the network. Finally, the simulation results presented in this thesis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
LAMMALI, NASSIMA. "Recherche automatique du reseau hydrographique a l'aide du modele numerique de terrain." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30006.
Houlstan-Hasaerts, Rafaella. "Le tournant esthétique de la participation urbaine à l'épreuve de la société civile: Une recherche en terrains bruxellois." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/283956.
This thesis is about the connections between aesthetics and politics in urban participation and, more particularly, about the political promises of an urban participation that seemingly gives priority to expression, figuration, imagination and creation as well to the embodied, sensitive, attached, affective and emotional dimensions of our relations to the city. It would therefore seem that ‘aesthetic’ engagements and interests can promote empowerment and emancipation; democratic inclusion and the symmetrization of power; renewed ways of living together and creating collectively. Such promises are at the heart of what I propose to call an aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation, i.e. the passage from a deliberative conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “forum”, to an aesthetic conception of participation, conceived following the model of the “workshop”. And yet critical voices are already being raised. Some underline the risk of depoliticization that accompanies the aestheticization of urban participation and experience. Others, by contrast, emphasize the risk that aesthetics will be subordinated to democratic consensus and to ethics, at the expense of urban quality and of creative autonomy. Some highlight less the politico-aesthetic connection than external factors liable to jeopardize it. At issue, the usual suspects: the institutional framework and capitalism. The objective of this thesis is to take these critiques seriously without losing sight of the political demands of a participation in which the qualitative part of our urban experience would find a place. The proposal made here to achieve this objective is to decentre the gaze by not taking a direct interest in institutional mechanisms of participation. My first hypothesis, of a rather factual nature, posits that the political promises of the aesthetic turn of urban participation exceed its institutional facet, that they find their source in, among other things, mobilizations and initiatives taken by citizens, activists, engaged creators who, since the urban struggles of the 1960s, have marked the history of urban production. This hypothesis has “genealogical” implications, insofar as it encourages a rereading of the history of urban institutional participation not only in the context of its “aestheticization” but also by highlighting the at times direct relations between this aestheticization and participatory dynamics emanating from social movements and the counterculture. The second hypothesis is of a rather normative nature and has both evaluative and prospective implications. It posits that it is within the mobilizations and initiatives of civil society that the promises which also come with the aesthetic turn of institutional urban participation were best embodied, and that these provide levers of resistance against the critiques of which it is the target. Lastly, placed back to back, the two hypotheses invite us to question the extent to which the institutions have welcomed these attempts. Measuring the distances between these moments of live politics and their potential percolations to ulterior participatory dynamics makes it possible to understand how we inherited these mobilizations and initiatives from civil society and, possibly, how we could better inherit them.
Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Architecture)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Chalard, Laurent. "Les logiques de la recomposition territoriale dans les aires métropolitaines du Midi français." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040331.
The study of the process of "metropolisation" with a political geography's approach in three metropolitan areas of the south of France, gives enlightement on the overall process. The set up of metropolitan government is a failure in all developed countries, but, this study shows that it is actually due to the process of "metropolisation" himself. Indeed, this process leads to a territorial fragmentation, and so break the interdependence between the municipalities of metropolitan areas, which are in competition and have different interests. The territorial fragmentation leads to political fragmentation, with a lot of administrative units, which hinders the creation of a metropolitan government
Bérubé, Gabriel. "Expériences sensibles et design urbain, un projet de recherche création : les productions sonores ordinaires des usagers en espace collectif urbain, le cas des traces sonores de pas." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH025/document.
In this thesis, we explore the heuristic value of a user's footstep sounds in the urban public space. This intention is originally one of a common interest in user sound productions, their productive and active aspects within the daily experience of the city. To achieve this, the concept of sound trace has been developed in order to better understand, categorize and characterize these special and ordinary sounds produced by the user. Often ignored, remaining unconscious to the user, footstep sound traces are part of the sounds he produces, but are not studied in the fields related to urban design. We thus want to learn more about the information content of footstep sound traces, and especially about the potential of action that we believe are related to them. In summary, we want to know what a footstep tells us through the sound traces it makes. We thus state the hypothesis that footstep sound traces carries key informations on its producer, the other users as well as the space, all this throughout the sound experience “in process”. To capture and question this specific aspect of the footstep sound traces, we built a unique methodology that questions the user in real-time on his sound experience. Research design and research project gave us the framework, and the flexibility to develop an innovative tool specifically designed for our problematic : the sound device. The device has been installed on three sites : a terrace and the front of the ENSAG, a footbridge near the studio of a collective of artists and a footbridge located in a city park of Nantes. Between immersion and observations, interviews and video work, in connection with the field of sound art, our research crosses sound, space, and practice dimensions. The analyses reveal the behavior, conduct, micro-movements, gestures, and attitudes made by the users. The results will be of interest in the fields of sound environment as well as architectural and urban design. Indeed, this research offers a better understanding of footstep sound traces roles in the composition of urban public spaces