Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Esclavage – Brésil – 19e siècle'
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Tshibwabwa, Mwa Bay. "Les femmes en esclavage. Rio de Janeiro. 1820-1888." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070042.
Full textAraujo, Ubiratan Castro de. "Le politique et l'économique dans une société esclavagiste : Bahia, 1820 à 1889." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040194.
Full textTwo strictly political circumstances that explain two realities of the sugar economy in the Brazilian province of Bahia have not yet been deeply analyzed : on the one hand, the sudden burst of the sugar during the years 1820-1855, despite the stubbornness of the sugar planters in maintaining old exploitation structures using servile manpower and little progress in cultivation methods of the sugar cane or in the production of sugar and, on the other, the region’s economics collapse from the end of the 50's on. Thus, after the expulsion of the Portuguese tradesmen in 1823 the political alliances between the sugar planters of the Reconcavo and the tradesmen of Salvador, descendants from the same social group although politically and economically controlled them, succeeded in overcoming the slave rebellions and the apathy of the progressive forces of the lower classes of the bahianese population. The period of the Brazilian independence and that of the slavery abolition are interesting to study the politics and the economy of Bahia in the nineteenth-century
Andrade, Dos Santos Claudia. "Les voyageurs français et les débats autour de la fin de l'esclavage au Brésil (1850-1899)." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040009.
Full textRamos, de Santana Aderivaldo. "Destins d’Osifekunde, né et mis en esclavage au Nigeria, déporté au Brésil, transporté en France, revenu au Brésil et assassiné à Recife (1793-1842)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL034.
Full textDuring the more than three hundred years that the transatlantic slave trade lasted, from the XVIth to the XIXth century, more than twelve million people were deported from the African continent to serve as labor in the plantations of sugar cane, cotton, as well as in “New World” mines. It is considered that 4.800,000 Africans have landed in Brazil, or 43% of the total deportees. More recent studies on the biographies of slaves, retrace the individual itineraries of the captives as well as their steps to regain freedom. The reconstruction of their journey gives them humanity, while restoring their dignity. We are inspired by this methodology to complete our doctoral researcher on the biography of Osifekunde, a trader from the Ijebu ethnic groupe (from southwestern present-day Nigeria), enslaved in Brazil in 1820 and become a free man in France in 1837. To do this, we divided our researcher into six parts and each part is subdivided intro three chapters: In the first part we presented observations on biographical studies in France after the 1970s, in particular on the biographies of slaves, on the use of the microhistorical method in this latest research and the fields of research on the biographies of slaves in the United States, Brazil and France. In a second part, we tried to understand how the interior of Africa became the center of interest of the “Scientifical Societies” and consequently, how the members of these societies used the testimonies of slaves in their studies, in order to find very remote places like the city of Timbuktu or the source of the Niger river, to propagate the idea of the African as “wild, anthropophagous,” which could justify the civilizing argument, used by Europeans to colonize the Africa
Ghorbal, Karim. "Réformisme et esclavage à Cuba (1835-1845)." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030150.
Full textDuring the years 1835-1845, the slave system which reaches its apogee in Cuba, determines and shapes the ideology of the reformist creoles. Slavery emphasizes the contradictions and the limitations of the reformist movement, integrated by intellectuals, civil servants and « progressive » slave owners, arising from heterogeneous geographical horizons, but who are in agreement when it comes to condemning the slave trade and in their rejection of abolition. In a middle-class attitude, the Cubans reformists try to impose a new system of work based on wage-earning, without success. Facing a rise in slave population, the reformist creoles are attached in their political aspirations. Their hostile position to the slave trade stirs the fury of the slave traders, the « conservative » slave owners and the colonial authorities which foment a defamatory campaign towards them, whose conspiracy of La Escalera is the result
Nzamba, Serge Alain. "La laïcisation de la société brésilienne au XIXe siècle (1840-1900)." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0939.
Full textThe relationship between Religion and Society stands for an important part of the nineteenth century. Actually, few questions were so controversal ideologically speaking, and played such a key role in the political clashes. It was also the shift from sacred, religious society to non-religious one, thanks to the process of making secularity, that caused a radical change. Therefore, this thesis takes into account this change (from 1840 up to 1900) in Brazil, a country in which this concept is little used. This work reveals contradictions which stem from the Brazilian place that gives the so-called process a particular feature. This paper sheds light on the slowness of the transformation in the Brazilian society and shows similarities with other processes which have taken place in the European and American continents – as Brazilian politicians took them as models. We are going to study the transfer of competences which, up to that date, were within the religious institution capacities as a result of the system used in the Brazilian kingdom—when the catholic Church separated from the Brazilian State. Before Brazil becomes a secular State, it was the catholic Church which celebrated weddings, registered birth, weddings and death, as well as public education. These modifications aimed at reinforcing the power of the Brazilian State of allowing the non-religious law to become the starting point of all legislations and to differ citizenship from religion in order that people’s interest must be the main goal
Angotti, Salgueiro Heliana. "Belo Horizonte : histoire d'une capitale au XIXe siècle : représentations urbaines et architecturales françaises au Brésil : une étude de cas." Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0325.
Full textHélène, Stéphane. "Un être mi-bête, mi-homme : l'anthropologie des Lumières." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20044.
Full textFrom the standpoint of slaves, or wrecks, or scoundrels, or down-and-out, or exploited people and ragamuffin, the enlighted eighteenth-century also contains the thousand and one miseries of negro anthropology. In this way, an history of philosophy, through greek and roman antiquity, middle ages and renaissance down to the modern period, will mainly show us that the african continent always was supposed to be crowed with marvels and monstrosities, mean barbarians and cruel pagans. Modern slavery was justified both by aristotle's and augustine's inheritance, but we can say that rousseau, voltaire, montesquieu or condorcet, as well as naturalists like buffon, linne or lamarck had confined blackmen in an anthropology for bondage. Human being, animal, or a creature sailing between mankind and beast? there was a doubt about this point, and no conclusive grounds for its disproof. French "code noir" lawfully put it out of law; according with reason, they bestialize it, beacause they were confident in his perfectibility
De, Santana Rosa Helena. "Climat, race et maladies : les expéditions de la marine française au Brésil (1819-1870)." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0032.
Full textThis thesis analyses documents produced by the French doctors who were stationed in Brazil and La Plata naval station in order to understand how their work evolved in a new context, and how they applied their diagnostic and therapeutic knowledge to Brazilian nosological reality. The French doctors were reluctant to adopt approaches developed by their Brazilian colleagues. They mobilized the theoretical and technical arsenal of French clinical sciences and medical statistics in order to valorize their own practices, develop a system of scientific authority which favored the pursuit to their professional interests and achieve control over a specific domain of knowledge: the exotic pathology. French doctors' accounts indicate that, for them, idleness, indolence, racial degeneration and sicknesses were the inevitable result of the action of tropical climate over the body. This climatic and racial pessimism was reinforced by the first yellow fever epidemic, in the half of the XIX century, an event that put an end to Brazil's representations as a salubrious country. In the aftermath of this epidemic, a new theme appears in French doctors' accounts: the key role of acclimatization. Lmmunity, that is, a resistance to sicknesses, they proposed, could only be the result of racial acclimatization and hygiene. From that time on, hygiene will become the basis for medicine practiced in the colonies and in hot and humid regions
Jerad, Rahma. "L'expansion américaine au prisme de Cuba : esclavage, abolition et rivalités internationales, 1836-1860 : une histoire culturelle et diplomatique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070005.
Full textIn the two decades that led to the Civil War, the proslavery southern ideologues regarded Cuba as the model of a prosperous society where slavery was a widespread and thriving institution. This model society, so close to the southern states, both on a geographical and on an economic level, thus became the focus of their interest. But, this interest in the island of Cuba was not limited to the South, nor to the twenty years preceding the Civil War. It is certain indeed that the US interest in the island dates back to the very first days of the Union, but that historians have usually been more interested in the period of Manifest Destiny because that is when the Union was the most active in its attempts to take control of the island and integrate it to its territory. The aim of the present thesis is thus first to trace back the origins and the reasons of US interest in what was often called the Perl of Antilles. Then, it is to replace this expansionnism in a larger international context in order to show that this interest was motivated not only by the national expansionist ideology but also by a wider range of international actors, events and elements, among which slavery, slave trade and their abolition by Great Britain are central. The purpose is then to emphasize elements that were often ignored by US historiography and give a more prominent place to the role played by the Cubans in this expansionist movement. By using American, Cuban and British sources, travel accounts as well as diplomatic sources, it will nonetheless appear that this annexationist desire was a complex phenomenon, due to Americans1 ambiguous feelings, to be sure their increasing racism, towards their Hispanic neighbours. This dissertation then uses the concept of Atlantic history, and can be regarded as forming part of the transatlantic study of slavery, a paradigm that, since the early 1990s, has renewed research on slavery in the Americas. And through the use of various, multinational sources it seeks to give a more balanced and hopefully a more complete history of the period
Stamatto, Maria Ines Sucupira. "L'école primaire publique au Brésil de l'indépendance à la République : 1822-1889." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030039.
Full textThe research work is on 19th century (1882 to 1889) Brazil state elementary education : its beginning, its institutionalization as state education, its features, its operation, its rules and its development on a national scale. For example, a particular survey in the province of Tio Grande do Sul, describes this public elementary education
Silva, Marinete dos Santos. "La prostitution à Rio de Janeiro au XIXème siècle." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA030049.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to characterize female prostitution in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil between 1840 and 1900. It underlines the practice of trafficking european women for the expansion of local prostitution populations as well as the organization of a well-ordered network of sexual trade. It also points out the measures taken by the establishement (government, police forces, health authorities) in order to manage venal sexual practices. The approach adopted aims to show that, in spite of alledging an engagement in fighting sexually trasmitted diseases like syphilis for instance, the establishment was rather committed to control female sexuality
Molina, Eric. "Les arguments des antiabolitionnistes anglais : 1763-1833." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30030.
Full textFor many reasons, the abolition debate and its evolution in 18th century England , due to the arrival of a strong abolitionist current, can be distinguished from the other discourses on slavery which existed in the rest of Europe and in America at the same time. It will be contended that there is a real specificity in the English abolition debate compared with the other slave states, for several reasons that will be analyzed along three lines: first, the philosophical arguments will be examined, as well as the struggle of the supporters of slavery on political and religious grounds. We shall try to establish who the English antiabolitionists were , and how they tried to respond to the attacks of their opponents from the 1770's until the abolition in 1833. The second part will be dedicated to the economical aspects of the debate and will focus on their specificity in England, with the famous ‘Zong case'. We will also study the historical works on the subject, including the theories developed by Eric Williams in ‘Capitalism and Slavery' and David Brion Davis's ‘The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution'. We will close this study of the pro slavery position in the Enlightenment by examining the juridical and judicial aspects and their consequences on the evolution of the debate in England, as illustrated by the ‘Somersett case'. The current thesis relies on a great number of primary sources
Mattoso, Katia Mytilineou de Queirós. "Au Nouveau Monde : une province d'un nouvel empire : Bahia au dix-neuvième siècle." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040176.
Full textFallope, Josette. "Esclaves et citoyens : les Noirs à la Guadeloupe au XIXe siècle dans les processus de résistance et d'intégration : 1802-1910." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100065.
Full textThis research analyses the behavior of Guadeloupe ‘black population in two situations: bondage and freedom, and in two perceptive approaches: resistance and integration. Resistance expresses itself against bondage and all forms of prohibition. It is used by the slave in order to subsist biologically, and in order to gain freedom as a state or as a right. Resistance overtakes the slave's way of living itself and takes part in the working out of his culture. Integration is spread out in two levels. Integration of the individual - notably of the african slave - in the local cultural substratum, while bringing his contribution, is set by the "creolization", and leads to the creole culture. Integration as an expression of the civil rights granted by french citizenship, is assumed before the abolition of slavery by the free coloured elite in its "assimilationist" claimings. After that, this assimilationnist movement is strengthened, when the black elite benefits from the universal franchise and from school. The economic crisis in the end of the nineteenth century work as a catalyst bringing about a rapprochement between both the cultural and the assimilationist movement. The black mass, while starting to assume, thanks to the black elite, the originality of her culture, also claims the assimilation and the enforcement of the french social laws
Santos, Monteiro Claudio Antonio. "France et Brésil : de l'Empire à la République (1850-1891)." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR30003.
Full textBased on sources of information from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs cross-referenced with the Parisian press of the time and the output of its journalists and collaborators, this work aims at studying and analyzing the origins and periods of time that permitted to create, in France, an image of the Imperial state, of the role of dom Pedro II as head of state, and of Brazil as a Nation in its formative years. The construction of an imperial memory in the years 1850-1891 creates an image of the Empire, in opposition to the parallel construction of a republican future (1889). This work focuses on the production of the signifieds Empire-Republic, locating the contentions around their representations and expressing the diversity of viewpoints contained in these constructions. This work is a compilation of the memory and of the discourses and representations related to the monarchy of dom Pedro II, as they existed in the heart of monarchic and republican France, gleaned from diplomatic sources of information cross-referenced with works and articles written by French and Brazilian writers and collaborators in the Parisian press. In brief, our wish is to examine the construction of the discourses that have acted upon political practices and which allowed for the maintenance and strengthening of the political relationship between France and Brazil under the Empire of dom Pedro II
Morel, Marco. "La formation de l'espace public moderne à Rio de Janeiro (1820-1840) : opinion, acteurs et sociabilité." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010642.
Full textThe theme of this work is the analysis of the formation of a modern public space in Rio de Janeiro by the time of the independence process of Brazil. This approach is divided in three angles : the formation of the concept of public opinion through the "opinion press" and the studying of the catalogs from the Plancher bookshop ; the role of the political actors that formed the first political and cultural elite of the newborn nation's capital ; and the definition of the places of sociability out of the crown's direct control, like the laymen associations, the freemasonry and the groupingsin the streets of the city that performed also the role of the court of the newborn american empire
Da, Silva Pereira Jaudy Margareth Campos. "Rio de Janeiro : l'éphémère et la pérennité : histoire de la ville au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0036.
Full textRamos, Everardo. "La gravure populaire au Brésil (XIXe-XXe siècle) : du marché au marchand." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100017.
Full textFolhetos de cordel are small books sold on street markets throughout Brazilian Northeastern towns. From the 1950ś on, the most roughly carved type of woodprint used to illustrate folheto covers started being considered a privileged sort of 'primitive' art and therefore such engravings have also been collected , displayed and sold in museums and galleries in Brazil and abroad. A deep study has been carried out with over six hundred works dating from the 19th and 20th centuries which reveals that other kinds of engravings similarly developed by self-taught artists to illustrate printed materials with great circulation such as booklets, magazines and newspapers show very elaborate technical and stylistic features, which contrast with the rustic type of work most valued by scholar circles. The brazilian example thus allows us to review notions well settled in Brazil and in Europe and also to suggest new perspectives to approach the popular art piece
Oliveira, Maria Inês Côrtes de. "Retrouver une identité : jeux sociaux des Africains de Bahia : (vers 1750 - vers 1890)." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040147.
Full textThis study analyses the reconstruction of the ethnical identity of groups of Africans that were transferred as slaves to Bahia, from 1750 to 1890. Throughout the process of the social reorganization in Brazil the Africans redefines their criteria of ethnical ascription by adopting the denominations that had been applied to them. Nevertheless, the majority of these denominations had been drawn from the repertory of names used by the slave trade, which rarely corresponded to the identification forms used by the slaves themselves. Based on those new names for "nations", the various groups of slaves and of fredmen also stablished their singularities within the community itself as well as in relationship to other groups composed by Brazilians
Dell'orto, Carvalho Aline. "Etre caricaturiste. Le métier de dessinateur de presse à Rio de Janeiro (1844-1888)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0052.
Full textThe 19th century has been described by historiography, amongst others, as the century of modernity, of the press or the image. This thesis will try to show that these 19th century typical elements were often intertwined, such as at the moment of the emerging of caricature in Rio de Janeiro’s press during Dom Pedro II’s Empire. We will study, more precisely, the production of an existence, both concrete and symbolic, of the caricaturist’s trade. More than the periodicals themselves, the actors will be on focus, trying to understand the place they occupied and wanted to occupy on that society. By constructing that place through representation, caricaturists where at the same time important actors of the idealization of a modernity in Brazil, by claiming to be essential figures of that modernity as well as by building a modern society model in their images. We will travel, in the three parts of this thesis, through three scenes on which caricature has presented itself, as well as the aspects that surrounded its emergence and development. First of all, the caricaturist’s relation to the imperial power: at first marked by cooperation and gradually by protest. Next, we will look into the professional relations inside the newspaper bureau in order to understand the trade’s configurations as well as the role undertaken by foreigner artists. At last, we will try to understand the occupation of public space by caricature, this space being understood as a part of the construction of public opinion
Lopes, Myriam Bahia. "Les corps inscrits : vaccination antivariolique et bio-pouvoir, Londres - Rio de Janeiro : 1840-1904." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070008.
Full textLarcher, Silyane. "L'autre citoyen : universalisme civique et exclusion sociale et politique au miroir des colonies post-esclavagistes de la Caraïbe française (Martinique, Guadeloupe, années 1840 - années 1890)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0088.
Full textThis dissertation investigates the apparent contradiction between civil and political equality and the exclusion of the citizens of the French Antilles from general law after 1848. Adressed for its heuristic value, this paradox is resituated within the general economy of French citizenship and at the intersection with the history of the various legal statuses of individuals in the French colonial empire during the second half of the 19th century. This investigation thus traces out a conceptual genealogy of French citizenship from the margins, over the long term. The thesis shows that the civil and politic equality of individuals does not equate to full inclusion in the political sphere: the « community of citizens », is not constituted by the granting 0 rights. The marginalization of citizens who were former slaves finds its origins in a political and moral assessment of the social and historical legacies these citizens. This assessment is measured by the ideal of a concurrence between the autonomous Iiberal individual and the modem Citizen: the universalization of rights and the generalization of the law require that individuals belong to the same social ethos. The other-ing of equals rests, even according to modem principles, on the politicization of social inheritance. It operates as a mechanism of racialization, based on the politicization of origins. Thus French citizenship was neither unitary nor abstract. It worked as much to include as it did to exclude. Its historical construction was articulated according to a certain modality of "race," which included not only categorization based on color, but also based on the perceived level of "civilization"
Oliveira, Moura Monize. "Sarah Bernhardt vue du Brésil (1886- 1905)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV006/document.
Full textThis work proposes an analysis of the french actress Sarah Bernhardt's (1844-1923) three tours in Brazil, precisely in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in 1886, 1893, 1905. Taking the thoughts about the flow of artists and the cultural globalization of the 19th century as a background, the present study considers Sarah Bernhardt tours as a precious example of the French theater diffusion process and of the internalization of audiences. In what regards Brazil, it is noticeable that the referred period, marked by a strong foreign artistic presence, is also the moment in which the country’s literate elite reflected about a project of a nation and about the construction of a national dramatic art. The focus of this thesis is, therefore, to locate Sarah Bernhardt’s tours in this panorama. More than a study about French “theatrical influence” in Brazil, our main goal is to ponder about the construction of the Brazilian artistic practice in a context of a broader process of cultural globalization in the 19th century, in which theater played a fundamental role. In what concerns Sarah Bernhardt specifically, this thesis intends to demonstrate the actress’s relevance in this phenomenon. Sarah was a great media star and, at the same time, associated to the french theater erudite repertoire. It attempts, therefore, to understand in what way this “repertory theater” is internationally broadcasted, also impregnating itself with commercial strategies common to the period’s theater industry. In that sense, the construction of the actress’s image abroad, specially in Brazil, is questioned. Also, what part of the cultural “market” Sarah Bernhardt and her managers tried to dominate is evaluated. In other words, how did the actress became Sarah Barnum, with a flair of ambassador of the génie français ?
Leroux, Renata. "L' immigration italienne à S. Paulo (1880-1920) : de la grande plantation de café à la fabrique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10081.
Full textGrosse, Philippe. "Le défi français à la prééminence anglaise au Brésil, 1822-1850." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040228.
Full textThe French industry covers the main branches of which it is composed, and is designed to cope with the consumption of the country; but having started tardily it cannot withstand the competition of more advanced rival nations; the government has to promote protectionist measures to safeguard employment; numerous institutions exist to boost the development of trade and industry; but French people lack the spirit of enterprise; the prudent circumspection of French merchants is opposed to the bold and adventurous character of Anglo-Saxons. Great Britain has developed, mainly in their textile industry, an innovating and performing tool for industrial production, designed to exceed considerably the needs of domestic market; the merchants and manufacturers have a spirit oriented toward international trade to make a profit; and the country has solid financial institutions and a merchant shipping to which the Navigation Act promulgated by Cromwell gave a big advantage; but a big distress which exists in the working classes tarnishes this flattering landscape. Between 1822 and 1850 the production of French industry more than doubled, the foreign trade tripled; and its market share for exports of natural and manufactured products to Brazil doubled; this was a success for France, but could she have done better? The thesis tries to throw some light on the comparative responsibilities of the governmental policies and the behaviour of the private sector
Girollet, Anne. "Victor Schoelcher, abolitionniste et républicain : approche juridique de l'oeuvre d'un fondateur de la République." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOD007.
Full textThe aim of this judicial and political analysis is to reveal Victor Schoelcher's decisive influence in the fight for equal rights and for the republic, in the French mainland as well as in its colonies. His well known fight against slavery was just a part of his humanist defense of the republican principles: liberty, equality, fraternity. Schoelcher truly was a founder of the republic, taking part in the barricade insurrections against the 1851 coup and fighting against any kind of slavery or absolutism. His work addressed many aspects of our society, among which : - slavery and the colonies (legal status of slaves, emancipated slaves and of the colonies) - rights and liberties of men and citizens (he fought for human dignity and the abolition of the death penalty, advocated reform of the penitentiary system, respect for of civil and political rights, as well as rights for women and children, protection of the most deprived, and development of public assistance and education) - republican institutions (he discussed the concepts of sovereignty and law, the function of the state and the church ; and political, administrative, judicial, military and local organization). This judicial study (analytical and not biographical) of his writings and his political acts (proposals of laws, work in the legislative assemblies commissions) not only demonstrates Schoelcher's decisive influence on French law, but it's contradictions as well. He fought for a democratic republic, social and secular. He advocated an application of the common law for the 4 old colonies (Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guyana and Reunion Island) - this is the departmentalization principle - but not for the other colonies (Algeria and India in particular). In these instances, his assimilationism found its limits: Schoelcher never contested the native status and was opposed to full citizenship for the renoncants as he judged that cultural assimilation had to occur before any legal assimilation
Daget, Serge. "Les croisières françaises de répression de la traite des noirs sur les côtes occidentales de l'Afrique (1818-1850)." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040303.
Full textThe effect which the french cruisers had on the suppression of the african slave trade cannot be understood unless one first takes into account the forces to be curbed. Although slave trading was made illegal in France in 1818, french and west indian slavers did not hesitate to continue their trading without arousing any strong official reaction, even though repressive measures had been taken on the west african coast. Social, cultural, political and diplomatic conditions, as well as economic ones, explain the continued existence of an enterprise that had already lasted more than a century. Consequently, the question is to know how the repressive agents are going to operate on the african coast, and, if their results are not obvious, why not ? French cruisers, at first ineffectual, comply more and more with their duties: they capture national slavers that are judged and condemned. After a long policy of patience and denunciations, England in 1831 secures what she has been claiming in vain: an official co-operation of the royal navy with the french one in order to fight against the slavers. It is then a third french abolition law results in the ending of the national slave trade. We are therefore confronted with the paradox that a theoretically efficient system has no object to justify. An idyllic situation is brought about by an untraceable slave trade. Powers whose interests are less humanitarian than political create a serious crisis in France seeking to suppress the agreement signed in 1831-1833. Although successful, a new covenant with a nation that has always been resented as a machiavellian rival gives rise to a splendid french cruise: it lasts but one year as it is useless, and unable to act against the numerous brazilian or spanish slave traders. Thus, on the whole, french repression has been a failure. All the reasons for this failure have not been military ones. The weight of established mentalities, of economic needs, not nearly as urgent as implied, the weakness of humanitarian doctrines incapable of renovation, are among the deeper causes of this failure. Altogether a negative, repetitive story without any outstanding events. The knowledge of man in africa is imperceptible
Domont, Ronaldo Reinehr. "Le surréalisme et le Brésil." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010534.
Full textAfter the historic reconstitution of the diffusion of surrealism in Brazil, from early begining to today, and through a comparative analysis, we pretend to show the contribution of surrealism as an element of the belonging of art in Brazil to modernity. For this purpose we confront poetry effects, imaginary and formal effects : different space notions, erotic plethoras, parodic relations, correspondances of tropes in art and formalisation of an esthetic thinking. We particulary analysed the antecedents close to surrealism : a certain brazilian symbolism, the painting of Tarsila Do Amaral, Vicente do Rego Monteiro, Ismael Nery, Flavio de Carvalho, Cicero Dias, Antonio Bento, Wesley Duke Lee, Jef Golyscheff, Octavio Araujo, the collage of Serfio Lima et Tereza d'Amico and the sculpture of Maria Martins. We determine the relations between the effects of this art with essentialist poetry and the young surrealist poetry of the sixties in Sao Paulo
Charlin, Frédéric. "Homo servilis : contribution à l'étude de la condition juridique de l'esclave dans les colonies françaises (1635-1848)." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21039.
Full textThe Edict of March 1685 was promulgated in the American Islands, those of December 1723 for the Reunion Island and March 1724 for Louisiana, called "the Black Codes", as well as the later legislation, considers the slave as an object and also as a subject. If the property quality of the slave is reflecting his trade value, further dispositions will concern the baptism, the food and also the prohibition to kill the slave. The patrimonialization of the slave – sold or rented –is different from the patrimonialization by the slave – his activity is the will of the master in the trade, by means of the savings. The object quality doesn't paralyze the one of the subject. The slave is penally responsible for his acts, as everyone, while the slavery justice is applied to an extrajudicial repression. The slave status is full of complexity, the legal personality can be dissociated from the humanity in the old Law before the emergency of new concepts. The subject quality is considered in two manners for the slave, the subject of the master, but also, more and more, the subject of the Law to the view of the penal law, a civil status (1833) and a supervised property right (1845). During a legalist 19th century and with a cohabitation of the "black Code" and the "civil Code", the slave is requalified as "a freeless person" : the civil Code can’t be applied to the slave, but generate new thoughts in the philosophy of law. If the legislation has initially "sacralized" a specific property right in the colonies, its interpretation and the reforms under the July Monarchy empty slavery of its contents towards a regular process, leading to the slavery abolition in 1848
Ernatus, Cécile. "L'indemnité coloniale en Guadeloupe, Guyane et Martinique entre 1848 et 1860 : monnaie de pierre, monnaie de sable, monnaie de sang." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100134.
Full textThis study is about the colonial compensation that was paid after the slave abolition to the settlers between 1848 and 1860. In 1849, France gave 126 millions francs to its colonies. The precedent compensations had prepared this decision. The settlement of the compensation ruined certain settlers. It was sand money, because the first beneficiaries were sometimes ruined. It was stone money, since certain families compensated continued beyond 1860. It was blood money because the slaves obtained nothing, but slaves traders were compensated. The colonial world was sexist, women received less than men ; racist, Whites received more than Blacks and individualistic, lonely men had strong responsabilities. This compensation reduced the colonial debt, created banks. It served as model to the later abolitions. Foreign Frenchmen didn't respect the abolitionist decree, because they weren't compensated. Slaves that took refuge in the French colonies couldn't be freed and there was demands of freed
Bonazza, Giulia. "Essere Schiavi : Il dibattito abolizionista e le persistenze délia schiavitu negli Stati Italiani preunitari (1750-1850)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0042.
Full textThe abolitionist movement and the juridical phases which lead to the various abolition of slavery in the 19th Century involved the majority of Europena countries. Between thèse, the Preunitarian Italian States have been in the shadows for long time. In reality there was a transnational abolitionist debate which involved the Italian area and, in certain states, the légal abolitions were ratified. The Pontifical States played an important rôle not only in Italian area but also in relation to the transnational abolitionism. In many cities of Italian States on the Mediterranean, the existence of slaves'cases in the second half of the 18th Century and in the first half of the 19th Century is proved, even though the phenomenon is decreasing. From a quantitative point of view, the expression "residual phenomenon" can be used, but the life story and the practice of slavery that we cross are significant and not différent from the practice of enslaving used in the previous centuries. The captivity, the Pirate wars, the relation between slavery and serfdom and the baptism as a way out to become free, are ail relevant aspects of this problematic question. In the century of abolitionism, forms of slavery still persisted in the Italian area
Torresini, Venturella Ana Lucia. "Le rio grande do sul (1817-1834) : images et temoignages des voyageurs francais." Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030003.
Full textViana, Antonio Fernando Paiva. "La poésie romantique brésilienne et les modèles français." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030210.
Full textThis thesis presents the french romantic models in the brasilian romantic poetry. The poets studied have been chosen following the criteria of manuel bandeira in his "antologia dos poetas brasileiros da fase romantica". Goncalves de magalhaes, goncalves dias, alvares de azevedo, junqueira freire, casimiro de abreu, fagondes valera and castro alves are studied. The fisrt part sutdies the influence of the french romantism on brasilian poetry, the importance of the french revolution in brasil and the presence of the historical and litterary myths. The second part is dedicated to the first romantic mouvements in brasil : the "official", the "indianism", the "egotism", the "nationalism", and the "saudosismo" periods, the transition period and the social dynamism, inspered by victor hugo. In the third part a link is established between romantism, modernism, and the "modernromantic" poetry of manuel bandeira
De, Assis Da Cunha Claudio. "Le lexique dans des documents produits dans le Paraná - Brésil (XVIIIe et XIXe siècles) : approche lexicographique." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_de_assis_da_cunha.pdf.
Full textThis thesis had as its major objective to elaborate on the basis of modern theoretical lexicography methodological parameters, a vocabulary of the Paraense Portuguese registered in the manuscript documents that integrate the database of the PHPP, relative to the period between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This research is also intended to contribute to the description of the Portuguese language lexical norm used in documents written during Paraná's colonial period by preparing a vocabulary which has in its nomenclature 419 entries that present the entry, the grammatical category, the definition, and its contexts. The vocabulary is presented in two formats, WORD and HTML. In this work the vocabulary is in format WORD, its electronic version HTML is presented in the added CD. Both formats offer the same content, with some minor differences due to format presentation. The electronic version of the vocabulary offers a system of search optimised for the ease of obtaining results through clicking the alphabetically organised entries. Therefore this research although only contemplating documents produced in the Paraná is also
Grosse, Philippe. "Le défi français à la prééminence anglaise au Brésil, 1822-1850." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040228.
Full textThe French industry covers the main branches of which it is composed, and is designed to cope with the consumption of the country; but having started tardily it cannot withstand the competition of more advanced rival nations; the government has to promote protectionist measures to safeguard employment; numerous institutions exist to boost the development of trade and industry; but French people lack the spirit of enterprise; the prudent circumspection of French merchants is opposed to the bold and adventurous character of Anglo-Saxons. Great Britain has developed, mainly in their textile industry, an innovating and performing tool for industrial production, designed to exceed considerably the needs of domestic market; the merchants and manufacturers have a spirit oriented toward international trade to make a profit; and the country has solid financial institutions and a merchant shipping to which the Navigation Act promulgated by Cromwell gave a big advantage; but a big distress which exists in the working classes tarnishes this flattering landscape. Between 1822 and 1850 the production of French industry more than doubled, the foreign trade tripled; and its market share for exports of natural and manufactured products to Brazil doubled; this was a success for France, but could she have done better? The thesis tries to throw some light on the comparative responsibilities of the governmental policies and the behaviour of the private sector
Carotenuto, Audrey. "Les résistances serviles dans la société coloniale de l'île Bourbon (1750-1848)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10083.
Full textCuevas, Maria-Fernanda. "Le processus de l'abolition de I'esclavage en Nouvelle Grenade (1780-1860) : temps et contretemps d'une transition significative entre la Révolution et la République." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0104.
Full textThe widespread granting of freedom and formal citizenship to slaves represented an enlargement of revolutionary universalism vis-a-vis popular sectors. The main objective of this research is to investigate the long process of the abolition of slavery in New Grenade, focusing on the evolution of slave relations and the resistance of slaves, as well as on the political and legal aspects that led to the disarticulation of the institution of slavery, since the republican state intervened as another actor in the process. The importance of the study of the abolition in the Americas is related to the transformations it has brought an its implementation in each imperial or republican space. This process was gradual in most of the cases and had a contradictory development, as it involved diferent debates and mesures in which the interests of owners, elites, slaves and States themselves were in dispute. In fact, States had to intervene to bring the process to an end, in every space of the continent. In order to show the different actors involved in the process of abolition, and by seeking to integrate the role of the slaves and their evolution in this process, we have taken up a musical metaphor of time and contretemps to detail the irregular rhythm that was followed in the disarticulation of slavery. Thus, in complementation to the linear time of boundage domination and political and social events, we have added the study of resistances and slave actions, as well as its impact on the trajectory that led to extinguish the institution of slavery
Teixeira, Rubenilson Brazão. "De la ville de Dieu à la ville des hommes : la sécularisation de l'espace urbain dans le Rio Grande do Norte - Brésil." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA107.
Full textThis research project aims at examining the relationship between the secularisation process and the evolution of some of the oldest cities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. 12 cities were selected according to predefined criteria. They make up two groups as regards their origin (from missionary and from non missionary-based activity). The study considers the period ranging from 1700 to 1964, divided into four distinct historical periods. Our objective is to demonstrate that the cities of our sample, born as cities of God, become the city of Men at the end of these evolutionary phases. In order to do that, we analyse the cities based on three key elements, which are the use, the form and the function of these urban centres. These aspects, resulting from the specificities which are particular to the State of Rio Grande do Norte, are revealed in terms of the periods mentioned, the three key elements selected, and the two groups of cities were established
Lerner, Hadassa. "La femme du secteur ouvrier au Brésil : 1889-1922." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100064.
Full textThis research concentrates on uncovering the facts known about the women of the workers' population in brazil, and on comparing them with their image. The historical aspects of the beginning of the workers' movement are studied, from 1889 to 1922. The militants and believers of the egalitarian ideology claimed political and economical equality for all men. They fought, cried and died for it. The question put here is whether they believed in the equality of men and women with the same enthusiasm. We looked for an answer by researching the liftist press published in brazil, and by analyzing some of the socialist plays. Summing up, the image and the real performance of those women were found to be somewhat apart. Their contributions to the social and economical development of the country were stronger and heavier than what they were given credit for. Their importance was somewhat underestimated, and it is our hope that the present research will have helped to award to this unknown "woman soldier" some of the credit she is due
Costa, Tanize. "Un Brésil de papier : les représentations du Brésil dans la presse française (1874-1899)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H098/document.
Full textThis thesis analyses the construction models of representations of Brazil in the French pressof the late 19th century, the images of this country that are given, by this bias, to the French and howthey are used in France. Besides its historiographical value, the travel narratives from foreigns areused by the nationals, especially in the New World, as an essential mean to construct a nationalidentity. The press, privileged producer of these narratives, is prosperous in France at this time. Sothat it serves as a model for the entire world, including Brazil, where many of its newspapers aredistributed to the elites used to reading them. These are essential factors to the French culturalsupremacy in Brazil.The French media devices build, according to the writing register used, three differentrepresentations of Brazil: “exotic”, “Latin” and “in movement”. First, Brazil is seen as opposed toFrance: it is not a cultural country, but a natural one, a new one, inhabited by savages, slaves andrastaquouères, where nature is at the same time admired for its richness and feared for itsoverwhelming and dangerous presence. Then, although inferior, Brazil is seen as an importantpartner. France is the model of the Latin culture, in which Brazil is included. These twoperspectives, always related to France, are especially present in texts that use almost exclusivelyFrench sources – travel narratives, adventure and serial romances, advertisements, financial anderudite reports, faits divers, high society notes, interviews and articles. When the sources used areproduced due to the new technologies and are not French – as are the telegraphs – a thirdrepresentation of Brazil emerges. This one distances itself progressively from France. Theprofessionalization of the press and the technological developments lead, finally, to the morediverse representations of Brazil
Essa tese analisa as modalidades de construção de um imaginário sobre o Brasil na imprensafrancesa de fins do século 19, as imagens deste país que são dadas, por este meio, aos franceses ecomo estas são usadas na França. Além de seu valor historiográfico, os relatos de viagem deestrangeiros servem aos nacionais, principalmente do Novo Mundo, como meio essencial de seconstruir uma identidade nacional. A imprensa, produtor privilegiado destes relatos, é prospera naFrança neste momento. A tal ponto que ela serve de modelo para o mundo todo, inclusive para oBrasil, onde diversos de seus jornais são difundidos para as elites habituadas a lê-los. Tais pontossão decisivos para a supremacia cultural francesa no Brasil.Os dispositivos midiáticos franceses constroem, de acordo o tipo de escrita utilizado, trêsrepresentações diferentes do Brasil: “exótico”, “latino” e “dinâmico”. Primeiramente, o Brasil évisto como oposto à França: ele não é um país de cultura, mas de natureza, um país novo, habitadopor selvagens, escravos e rastaqueras onde a natureza é concomitantemente admirada por suariqueza e temida por sua presença dominante e perigosa. Em seguida, mesmo inferior, o Brasil évisto como um importante parceiro. A França é modelo da cultura latina, na qual o Brasil estáinserido. Estas duas representações do Brasil mantêm sempre uma relação à França e são presentessobretudo nos textos que usam quase exclusivamente fontes francesas – relatos de viagem,romances de aventuras e folhetinescos, publicidades, relatórios financeiros e eruditos, faits divers,notas mundanas, entrevistas e artigos. A partir do momento que as fontes usadas não são maisfrancesas e são produzidas graça às novas tecnologias – como as malas e os telegramas, escritos doBrasil e por profissionais – uma terceira representação do Brasil surge. Esta se separaprogressivamente da França. A profissionalização da imprensa e os desenvolvimentos tecnológicoslevam, finalmente, a representações mais diversas do Brasil
Costa, Maria Clélia Lustosa. "Le discours hygiéniste et la mise en ordre de l'espace urbain de Fortaleza, au Brésil." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030044/document.
Full textFrom the hygienic and medical point of view, this thesis analyses the transformation of the urban space that took place in the city of Fortaleza - Capital of Ceará State (Brazil) - since mid XIX Century. The occurred urban transformation is comprised in an international context of the hegemony of the medical discourse that preached city's hygiene and sanitation. These ideas played a fundamental role in the process of formation and organisation of the urban space; in order to understand and explain the constellation of ideas and practices, it was necessary to study the role of the doctor in the design of a new way of thinking the city from the hygiene and health perspective, in addition to its application and adaptation to the European hygienic and urbanisation patterns - notably the French ones -, listing the State reactive and preventive actions during droughts and epidemics; the preventive policies against illness and campaign against epidemics. Geography contributed to the understanding of the role of ideas and of the impact of changes in the mentality for the creation of new territorial layouts and geographical landscapes. The dissemination of medical theories amongst the population and public authorities had significant impact in the organisation of Brazilian cities
Law-Hang, Stéphane. "L' histoire de l'engagisme à la Réunion au XIXème siècle : heurs et malheurs de l'habillage juridique d'une réalité servile dans le bassin de l'Océan Indien (1828-1914)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32052.
Full textThe 1817 abolition of the slave trade occurred at the same time that Réunion turned to sugar monoculture. How and by what means was the local government of the Mascarene Islands to contribute to the economic strategy of this French colony?For the most part of twenty years, the Bourbonnais inhabitants resorted to contractual immigration,also known as indenture. It would be extremely hazardous to give precise statistics in such a context where the colonial administration was confronted with an important degree of illicit workforce trade. Nevertheless, considering the legal procedure that lasted an entire century, the political input seems undeniable. This contractual commitment was first and foremost aimed at newly arrived immigrants but also spread to the freed slaves of 1848. Needless to say, the mass worker's legal status had far more to do with social considerations - such as the habits of their old masters - than with a strict legal or juridical system. Based essentially on archive documents, this thesis recounts the history of indenture
McLean, Duncan Ross. "Robert Farquhar et la transformation de l'esclavage : une renaissance du travail non-libre au XIXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0053.
Full textRobert Farquhar had been an East India Company administrator in the Moluccas at the turn of the 19th century before assuming the governorship of Mauritius as a British civil servant, the latter recently captured during the Napoleonic Wars. It was during Farquhar's earlier stay in the Spice Islands that he became involved in the anti-slavery debate and the future of Caribbean sugar plantations. Given his experience as a colonial administrator, he was well aware of the economic consequences abolishing the Slave Trade would entail. Attuned to the shifting political winds, Farquhar published a treatise in 1807 under the title 'Suggestions, arising from the abolition of the African slave trade, for supplying the demands of the West India colonies'. His ideas were relatively novel in that they involved shifting large impoverished populations, in this case from rural China, to areas previously sustained by slave labour. While initially dismissed as unworkable many of Farquhar's proposals were later adopted in the now well-known practice of indentured labour. The thesis will examine the origins of Asian contract labour through this early proponent. By examining an extensive range of correspondence the evolution of Farquhar's political thought will be traced, culminating in the noted treatise, and his subsequent confrontation with the practical constraints of instituting a new system of unfree labour in Mauritius. In doing so it wil be necessary to place his work in the broader imperial context of the period, along with the specific regions to which he was posted. This will permit drawing conclusions regarding the conditions that led to Farquhar's proposal in addition to its eventual longevity
Lamaison, Denis. "Prospérité et barbarie : système économique et violence dans deux colonies françaises au XIXe siècle (la Guyane et l'île de La Réunion)." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0141.
Full textThis thesis is a critical study of the notion of prosperity in two French colonies in the XlXth century (French Guiana and Reunion island) with regard to the living conditions of the workforce (slaves, emancipated slaves, indentured servants, convicts). This work questions the fact that planters continually demanded new workers although they never tried to maintain these men and women healthy. We compare the elite speeches about prosperity with the violence experienced by the workforce (physical violence, lack of food and care, etc. ). We will also see how the colonists justified the preservation of an economic system while recognizing its failure. This study also questions the reality of these colonies development and the relevance of this eurocentric concept. Finally, we will focus on history writing which began in the XlXth century and forgot the slavery and colonization victims in elaborating a colonial prosperity myth
Schmidt, Nelly. "Victor Schoelcher et le processus de destruction du système esclavagiste aux Caraïbes au XIXe siècle." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040047.
Full textVictor Schœlcher 's written work and political action, from the years 1830s, were concerned with colonial questions and slavery. He has been the only European abolitionist living the three stages of the process of destruction of the slavery system in the Caribbean: 1) the abolitionist campaign, 2) the abolition itself, as sous-secretaire d'etat for the colonies and author 0f the abolition bill of April 27, 1848, and 3) the long period of post-slavery social-economic and political transformations. He had a conclusive influence on the French policy in the Caribbean during the second half of the XIXth century and even afterwards. The analysis of his work does allow a comparative perspective on that fundamental period of Caribbean history. This thesis is built around four main axes: the elaboration of Schœlcher's colonial reform project, V. Schœlcher coming into power in 1848 and the first post-slavery transformations (1848-1854), the application of the social and political "model" of Schœlcher and his political influence, as a republican parliament deputy for the colonies, between 1871 and the end of the XIXth. Century
Neves, Lopes Claudia. "Marche editorial entre bresil et portugal. Periode de la republique bresilienne. Les relations editoriales entre le bresil et le portugal." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070027.
Full textThis thesis tries to show how books and edition could have been used as instruments of cultural domination in the relatioships between an ex-colony and its former metropolis. Of course, they don't lose their roles as cultural means of diffusion but at first, as means of diffusion of a foreign and colonizing culture. The diffusion of this culture is acheived through thecolonizer's domination of the means of production, which have never been those of the colony because of the impositions of the colonial system. Moreover, this system helped to perpetuate links based on dependance, as it gave the parent-state the possibility to diffuse its own culture in the colony, even after its independance. This phenomenon had another consequence too : the cultural production of the colony (or ex-colony) is kept apart from the editorial production process, which is dominated by foreign editors who want to diffuse their own culture among the reading elite of the colony, who had an europeanized way of thinking. Books and edition, used that way by the colonizing countries, could enter the colony by two ways : on one hand, in a cultural way, as they carries the ideology of the colonizer ; on the other hand, in an economical way, as they were a new market for editorial companies that exploited it by setting up subsidiaries and a massive exportation of printed papers. But this study wants to point out the process by which the colony got free from its colonial links and became autonomous in this particular subject of cultural production, achieving the production and diffusion of the national culture at home and through its own means. Here the question is, at first, to point out the moment when the relation ships between two countries, linked by colonial links, went from colonial domination to cultural diffusion in this particular subject of edition
Gomez, Alejandro Enrique. "Le syndrome de Saint-Domingue : perceptions et représentations de la révolution haïtienne dans le monde atlantique, 1790-1886." Paris, EHESS, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555007v2.
Full textUntil the last decade of the eighteenth century, Santo Domingo was the most prosperous plantation colony in the Americas. It was precisely in the north of this insular territory where in 1791 broke out the slave rebellion that perhaps marked the most the history of the New World. This event was followed by civil and military conflicts which, further on, led to the independence of Haiti in 1804. From the beginning of this social and political process, the situation of the Whites was affected, especially in the nearby slave societies who feared for their own inner peace and were alarmed by the violence of an insurgency which could led to an independent Republic ran exclusively by Blacks and Mulattos. Evidences of this widespread collective alarm can be found almost everywhere in the Greater Caribbean, as well as expressions of anxiety, fear and even of panic, also in the discourse held on this issue by the Whites. These evidences continued to happen throughout the nineteenth century, until slavery was abolished in each territory, and sometimes even later. They highlight the existence of a supranational traumatism related to the events occurred at the island of La Hispaniola, which has been described as a collective syndrome. Our work aims therefore to determine the real extent and consequences of this phenomenon, by analyzing in detail each of its manifestations in the various cultural areas of the Atlantic World, by using analytical tools particularly inspired in the cognitive sciences
Cezar, Temístocles Américo Correa. "L'écriture de l'histoire au Brésil au XIXe siècle : essai sur une rhétorique de la nationalité, le cas Varnhagen." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0023.
Full textMaillard, Bruno. "Les noirs des geôles : la répression pénale des esclaves à l'Ile Bourbon, entre puissance publique et pouvoir despotique des maîtres 1815-1848." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070004.
Full textBetween 1815 and 1848, on the Ile Bourbon, slaves who were found guilty of an offense were almost exclusively sentenced to one or another specific form of imprisonment. Why should such a metamorphosis of the penal System occur when, during the XVIIh and XVIIIth centuries, it was still centred on whipping, mutilation or death? This phenomenon was first of all induced by the strategies designed by public authority, then represented by the Ministry of Navy in Paris and by the governor's administration in the colony, that aimed both at assimilating the repressive legal System practiced on the ile Bourbon with the one established in the Metropole and at curbing the judicial prerogatives exercised by slaveholders on their lands. The latter, however, taking advantage of their being represented in local and national institutions, such as the delegation for the colonies or the colonial council, devised several schemes to lay down their vision of penitential and penal law. As for the "black" in jail, whose status wavered between object and juridical person, they came up with various forms of resistance to this new oppressive structure peculiar to the colonial slave society. At the crossroads of all of these strategies, tactics and acts of resistance triggered off by the protagonists of this page in history, there apparently materialises the choices, mechanisms and what is at stake, whether openly or indirectly, in this penal repression