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Bakar, Zulgarnain Abu. "Learners' perceptions of alternative types of error correction for pronunciation errors." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538606.
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Sorg, Rosemary Kathyrn. "Identifying Errors in ESL Writing." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1418231647.
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Maurer, Mary Jo. "Nurses’ Perceptions of and Experiences with Medication Errors." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1279243109.
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Armitage, Gerry R. "The contributory factors in drug errors and their reporting." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14783.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the contributory factors in drug errors and their reporting so as to design an enhanced reporting scheme to improve the quality of reporting in an acute hospital trust. The related research questions are: 1. What are the contributory factors in drug errors? 2. How effective is the reporting of drug errors? 3. Can an enhanced reporting scheme, predicated on the analysis of local documentary and interview data, identify the contributory factors in drug errors and improve the quality of their reporting in an acute hospital trust? The study aim and research questions reflect a growing consensus, articulated by Boaden and Walshe (2006), that patient safety research should focus on understanding the causes of adverse events and developing interventions to improve safety. Although there are concerns about the value of incident reporting (Wald & Shojania 2003, Armitage & Chapman 2007), it would appear that error reporting systems remain a high priority in advancing patient safety (Kohn et al 2000, Department of Health 2000a, National Patient Safety Agency 2004, WHO & World Alliance for Patient Safety 2004), and consequently it is the area chosen for intervention in this study. Enhancement of the existing scheme is based on a greater understanding of drug errors, their causation, and their reporting.
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Al-Shirawi, Ali. "Medical errors: defining the confines of system weaknesses and human errors." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97142.
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Notwithstanding the innovative changes in biotechnology, medical devices and other therapeutics, errors in medicine continue to cause harm to patients. Current definitions of medical error do not reflect the full reality of error causation. Medical error taxonomy is narrowly focused on system weaknesses in health institutions and human error. System weaknesses in licensing and monitoring organizations, health care suppliers, health profession self-regulation and government regulating organizations, conduct by leading health professionals and medical research industry risks, all lead to significant harm that is not recognized in medical error accountability. These players do not fulfill their mandates. Evidence demonstrates negligence, incompetence, unethical conduct and institutional interest and self-interest in the decision-making process. Both the principled approach and institutional ethics (IE) principles are powerful tools to require accountability from stakeholders. The contemporary understanding of medical errors is deficient and unsustainable. It has not contributed to a decrease in errors. Appropriate definitions of the confines of systems weaknesses and human error are required. This thesis outlines a method to perceive medical errors in a broader way, combining the many agents of error/harm into one system, thereby highlighting accountability and paving the way for reform.Malgré les changements innovateurs dans la biotechnologie, l'équipement médical et d'autres approches thérapeutiques, les erreurs dans la pratique de la médecine continuent à provoquer des problèmes médicaux pour un nombre important de patients. Les définitions actuelles d'erreurs médicales ne reflètent pas la réalité complète de la causalité d'erreurs. La taxinomie d'erreurs médicale est aussi strictement concentrée sur les faiblesses du système dans les institutions de santé et l'erreur humaine. Les faiblesses des systèmes qui autorisent et contrôlent les organisations, les fournisseurs de santé publique, les règlements des professions de la santé, les organismes de règlements gouvernemental des professions de la santé et la conduite des professionnels de la santé, et les risques de l'industrie de recherche médicale, tous causent des problèmes importants qui ne sont pas actuellement explicitement reconnu pour leur responsabilité d'erreurs médicales. Ces joueurs ne réalisent pas leurs autorité actuelle. L'évidence démontre de la négligence, de l'incompétence, d'une conduite non étique, d'un intérêt institutionnel et d'un intérêt personnel dans le processus de prise de décision par ces instances. C'est-à-dire, l'approche du principe que les principes de l'éthique institutionnelle sont des instruments puissants pour contraindre la responsabilité de tous les joueurs. La vision contemporaine des erreurs médicales est déficiente et non durable. Une telle vision est déficiente et non supportable. Elle n'a pas contribué à la réduction d'erreurs médicales. Une formulation sur les définitions nécessaires des limitations des systèmes liés à l'être humain est nécessaire. La proposition de cette thèse expose une façon de percevoir les erreurs médicales dans le but de rejoindre les nombreux agents d'erreur et de mal dans un système en mettant ainsi l'emphase sur la responsabilité, et ainsi ouvrant la voie à la réforme.
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Masani, Deekshitha. "Analysis of radiation induced errors in transistors in memory elements." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2791.
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From the first integrated circuit which has 16-transistor chip built by Heiman and Steven Hofstein in 1962 to the latest 39.54 billion MOSFET’s using 7nm FinFET technology as of 2019 the scaling of transistors is still challenging. The scaling always needs to satisfy the minimal power constraint, minimal area constraint and high speed as possible. As of 2020, the worlds smallest transistor is 1nm long build by a team at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Looking at the latest trends of 14nm, 7nm technologies present where a single die holds more than a billion transistors on it. Thinking of it, it is more challenging for dyeing a 1nm technology. The scaling keeps going on and if silicon does not satisfy the requirement, they switch to carbon nanotubes and molybdenum disulfide or some newer materials. The transistor sizing is reducing but the pressure of radiation effects on transistor is in quench of more and more efficient circuits to tolerate errors. The radiation errors which are of higher voltage are capable of hitting a node and flipping its value. However, it is not possible to have a perfect material to satisfy no error requirement for a circuit. But it is possible to maintain the value before causing the error and retain the value even after occurrence of the error. In the advanced technologies due to transistor scaling multiple simultaneous radiation induced errors are the issue. Different latch designs are proposed to fix this problem. Using the CMOS 90nm technology different latch designs are proposed which will recover the value even after the error strikes the latch. Initially the errors are generally Single event upsets (SEUs) which when the high radiation particle strikes only one transistor. Since the era of scaling, the multiple simultaneous radiation errors are common. The general errors are Double Node Upset (DNU) which occurs when the high radiation particle strikes the two transistors due to replacing one transistor by more than one after scaling. Existing designs of SEUs and DNUs accurately determine the error rates in a circuit. However, with reference to the dissertation of Dr. Adam Watkins, proposed HRDNUT latch in the paper “Analysis and mitigation of multiple radiation induced errors in modern circuits”, the circuits can retain its error value in 2.13ps. Two circuits are introduced to increase the speed in retaining the error value after the high energy particle strikes the node. Upon the evaluation of the past designs how the error is introduced inside the circuit is not clear. Some designs used a pass gate to actually introduce the error logic value but not in terms of voltage. The current thesis introduces a method to introduce error with reduced power and delay overhead compared to the previous circuits. Introducing the error in the circuits from the literature survey and comparing the delay and power with and without introducing the error is shown. Introducing the errors in the two new circuits are also shown and compared with when no errors are injected.
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ANAND, RAJ B. "STATIC ERROR MODELING IN TURNING OPERATION AND ITS EFFECT ON FORM ERRORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1204321952.
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Abranches, Maria Madalena Trindade. "Caracterização dos incidentes na administração de medicamentos num serviço de Medicina Interna." Master's thesis, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12296.
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RESUMO - O problema do erro de medicação tem vindo a adquirir uma importância e um
interesse crescentes nos últimos anos. As consequências directas no doente
que condicionam frequentemente o prolongamento do internamento, a
necessidade de utilização adicional de recursos e a diminuição de satisfação
por parte dos doentes, são alguns dos aspectos que importa analisar no
sentido de se aumentar a segurança do doente. No circuito do medicamento
em meio hospitalar estão envolvidos diversos profissionais, estando o
enfermeiro no final da cadeia quando administra a medicação ao doente. Na
bibliografia internacional, são referidas incidências elevadas de eventos
adversos relacionados com o medicamento. Em Portugal, não existem estudos
disponíveis que nos permitam conhecer, nem o tipo de incidentes, nem a
dimensão do problema do erro de medicação.
Efectuamos um estudo descritivo, prospectivo, exploratório, utilizando a técnica
de observação não participante, da administração de medicamentos. Os
objectivos são, por um lado, determinar a frequência de incidentes na
administração de medicação num Serviço de Medicina Interna e, por outro,
caracterizar o tipo de incidentes na administração da medicação e identificar as
suas possíveis causas. A população em estudo foi constituída pelos
enfermeiros que administraram medicamentos aos doentes internados no
Serviço de Medicina Interna seleccionado, durante os meses de junho a agosto
de 2012, sendo observadas 1521 administrações. Foi utilizada uma grelha de
observação, que incluiu os seguintes elementos: doente certo; medicamento
certo; dose certa; hora certa; via certa; técnica de administração correcta
(assépsia); tempo de infusão; monitorização correcta.
Constatou-se que em 43% das doses administradas apresentavam pelo menos
um erro, num total de 764 erros. Não foi observado nenhum erro de doente, de
medicamento, de dose extra, de via, de forma farmacêutica, nem a
administração de medicamento não prescrito. Detectaram-se 0,19% de erros
na preparação, 0,72% de erros de dose, 1,7% erros de omissão, 1,97% de
erros de administração, 13,52% de erros de monitorização, 28,73% de erros de
v
horário. O tempo de infusão da terapêutica parentérica não foi cumprida em
27,69% das oportunidades, tendo sido sempre administrado em tempo inferior
ao preconizado.
Não encontramos relação entre as interrupções durante a administração de
terapêutica e os erros. Pelo contrário constatou-se haver relação entre o
número de doses com erro e o turno em que ocorreram, sendo mais frequentes
no turno da noite.
Constatamos também que aos fins de semana os erros eram mais frequentes e
o risco da ocorrência de um erro na administração de medicação aumenta 1,5
vezes quando o número de enfermeiros é insuficiente.ABSTRACT - The problem of medication error has developed a growing interest and importance in recent years. The direct consequences to the patient, that often affect the prolongation of hospitalization, the need for additional resources and the decrease of satisfaction from the patients are some of the aspects that matter to analyze in order to increase patient safety. In the drugs circuit in a hospital environment, several professionals are involved, and nurses are at the end of the string as far as administering medication to patients is concerned. International bibliography refers high incidences of adverse events related to drugs. In Portugal, there are no available studies that let us know either the type of incidents, or the extent of the medication error issue. We conducted a prospective, descriptive, exploratory survey, using the technique of a non-participant observation of the administration of drugs, using the technique of non-participant observation, administration of medications. We aimed to determine the frequency of in medication administration incidents within the internal medicine department and, on the other hand, to depict the type of incidents which occurred in the administration of medication and identify their possible causes. The population under study was constituted by the nurses who administered medicines to patients hospitalized in the internal medicine department from June to August 2012, and 1521 administrations were observed. The following observation grid was used: right patient; right drug; right dose; right time; right route; right administration technique; asepsis, infusion time and correct monitoring. We found that in 43% of the doses administered there was at least one error, leading to a total of 764 errors. No patient, medication, extra dose, route, pharmaceutical form, administration of not prescribed medication errors were observed. 0.19% were errors in preparation, 0.72% dose errors, 1.7% errors of omission, 1.97% of wrong administration technique, 13.52% monitoring errors, 28.73% of wrong time. The infusion time of parenteral therapy has not been met vii in 27.69% of opportunities, having always been administered ahead of the recommended time. We found no relation between interruptions during the administration of therapy and errors. On the contrary, there is a relation between the number of doses with error and shifts occurred, being more frequent in night shifts. We also noted that errors were more frequent on weekends and that the risk of the occurrence of an error in the administration of medication increases 1.5 times when the number of nurses is scarce.
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Alsulami, Zayed Nama F. "Medication errors in children." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/27843/.
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Medication errors are a significant global concern and can cause serious medical consequences in children. Double checking of medicines by two nurses is one strategy used by many children's hospitals to prevent errors from reaching paediatric patients. This thesis involves different studies that evaluated the effectiveness of the double checking process in reducing and preventing medication administration errors in a children's hospital. In addition, a systematic review was conducted of medication errors studies in the Middle East. A systematic review was also conducted of published studies of double checking. Six electronic databases were searched for articles that assessed the double checking process during the administration of medicines. Sixteen articles were identified. Only one of them was a randomised controlled clinical trial in a clinical setting. Only one study was conducted in a children's hospital. The review found that there is insufficient evidence to either support or refute the practice of double checking and more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the double checking process in children's hospitals. Based on the findings that were highlighted from the systematic review, a prospective observational study of paediatric nurses using the double checking process for medication administration was undertaken. The study aimed to evaluate how closely double checking policies are followed by nurses in different paediatric areas, and also to identify any. medication administration errors during the study period. 2,000 drug dose administration events were observed. There was variation between paediatric nurses adherence to double checking steps and different medication administration errors were identified. Based on the observational study, a semi-structured questionnaire study was developed. It was designed to explore the paediatric nurses' knowledge and opinions about the double checking process. The study showed that many nurses have insufficient knowledge on the double checking process and the hospital policy for medication administration. A simulation study was conducted to examine whether single or double checking is more effective in detecting and reducing medication errors in children. Each participant in this study was required to prepare and administer medicines in scenarios for two "dummy patients" either with another nurse (double checking) or alone (single checking). Different confounders were built into each scenario (prescribing and administration) for nurses to identify and address during the administration process. Errors in drug preparation, administration and failure to address confounders were observed and documented. The main findings from this study were that the double checking process is more likely to identify medication administration errors and contraindicated drugs than single checking. The time taken for drug administration was similar for both processes. Another systematic review was conducted to identify the published medication errors studies that have been undertaken in the Middle East. The review identified 45 studies from 10 Middle Eastern countries. Nine of the studies focused on medication errors in paediatric patients. Educational programmes on drug therapy for doctors and nurses are urgently needed in the Middle East. These studies have contributed to the field of medication safety by providing more information about double and single checking medication administration processes in paediatric hospitals. More educational and training programmes for nurses about the importance of double checking and improving their adherence rate to the double checking steps during medication administration are required to improve its effectiveness.
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Sandman, Aubrey Max. "Errors - a positive approach." Thesis, City University London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255353.
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Lindborg, Niklas. "Diagnostics of Intermittent Errors." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-453926.
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Intermittent faults/errors are infamous for being among the most challenging errors to diagnose. It is estimated that more than 80% of the total number of errors in real systems are intermittent errors. Previous research on intermittent errors suggests that they are the prelude to permanent faults. There seems to be a vast knowledge gap in general regarding intermittent errors, both in academia and industry. The term "No Fault Found" might have ingrained a culture of acceptance regarding faults that intermittent errors might cause. This master thesis aims to develop a generic algorithm for diagnostics of intermittent errors that allows for the early isolation of failing sensors, especially at the end of their life spans. It is desirable that Scania can identify intermittent errors efficiently to save maintenance costs and keep customer satisfaction high. Multiple intermittent error detection and diagnostics methods have been produced and tested through simulations in MATLAB. The results suggest that the most important factors when introducing algorithms for intermittent error detection are the sensors' self-diagnostic capabilities and their communication protocol. The developed algorithms can be used for efficient fault isolation, obtaining valuable data for research, and triggering Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) when the impact of the errors is too significant, which allows for proactive replacement. If the algorithms are introduced as suggested in this master thesis, the knowledge gap can be filled. Consequently, Scania can use the increased knowledge to further improve the algorithms for better detection of intermittent errors and increase the overall performance of Scania vehicles.Intermittenta fel definieras som fel som ”kommer och går” i ett maskinsystem under dess livslängd och de har ett rykte att vara bland de svåraste felen att diagnostisera. Fel av intermittent karaktär existerar ofta oupptäckta trots att det har uppskattats att mer än 80% av det totala antalet fel i komponenter är intermittenta fel. Tidigare forskning om intermittenta fel tyder på att intermittenta fel, över tid, i princip alltid leder till permanenta fel. Det verkar dessutom finnas en stor kunskapslucka angående effekten och systempåverkan av intermittenta fel, både inom den akademiska världen och i näringslivet. Vidare kan termen "Inget fel hittats" ha skapat en acceptans-kultur gällande fel i komponenter som intermittenta fel kan ha orsakat. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utveckla en allmän algoritm för diagnostik av intermittenta fel. Algoritmen ska möjliggöra tidig identifiering av sensorer som håller på att gå sönder eller om de intermittenta felen orsakar för stor systempåverkan, vilket är speciellt viktigt i slutet av sensorernas livslängder. Det är önskvärt att Scania effektivt kan identifiera komponenter med intermittenta fel för att spara underhållskostnader och för att hålla kundnöjdheten hög. Flera intermittenta feldetektering- och diagnostikmetoder har utvecklats och testats med hjälp av simuleringar i MATLAB och Simulink. Tre sensorer studerades i detta examensarbete. Sensorerna var avgasmottryck sensorn, hög temperatur sensorn och NOx-sensorn. Avgasmottryck sensorn var en analog sensor medan hög temperatur- och NOx sensorn var digitala sensorer. Dessutom hade alla sensorer olika kommunikationsprotokoll och självdiagnostik möjligheter. För att effektivt kunna utveckla algoritmen kartlades all relevant diagnostik hos de tre sensorerna för att kunna avgöra vilken typ av fel som inte upptäcks av dagens diagnostik. Detta gjordes bland annat genom att studera interna Scania dokumentation och genom att intervjua dem ingenjörer som var ansvariga för den specifika sensorn. De utvecklade algoritmerna fokuserade på att diagnosera dem typer av fel som inte riktigt fångades upp av dagens diagnostik. Under examensarbetets gång identifierades tre kunder av algoritmen, alla med olika krav och önskemål på vad algoritmen ska leverera. Den första kunden är verkstadsarbetaren. De vill att algoritmen ska ge tydliga instruktioner gällande hur det upptäckta felet ska repareras. Den andra kunden av algoritmen är utvecklingsingenjörerna hos Scania. De vill ha statistik och information från algoritmen som kan användas för att få mer kunskap om intermittenta fel. Den kunskapen skulle kunna användas för att utveckla algoritmerna samt för att göra design ändringar i motorn eller sensorerna för att minska förekomsten av intermittenta fel. Den sista kunden av algoritmen är de lagstiftande myndigheterna. De vill att algoritmerna ska varna föraren av lastbilen om intermittenta fel hittas som kan påverka utsläppen samt om säkerheten har blivit försämrad. Alla dessa kunder togs hänsyn till när algoritmerna utvecklades. Resultaten tyder på att de viktigaste faktorerna att ta i beaktande vid utveckling av algoritmer för intermittent fel diagnostik är sensorns självdiagnostik och kommunikationsprotokoll. Vidare tyder resultatet från litteraturstudien att de signal symptom som intermittenta fel kan orsaka är toppar och dalar, oscillation, offset, dämpning, överkänslig signal status nedgradering, ingen signal eller maximum/minimum signal. Orsakerna till dessa symptom varierar mellan lösa/glappande kontakter i lödfogen eller kablaget, komponent åldring, oxidation, fukt, läckage eller föroreningar. Ingen ensam algoritm kan detektera alla dessa möjliga symptom i sensorns signaler, därför utvecklades fem olika detektionsmetoder, varje detektionsmetod kan upptäcka olika typer av fel. Tyvärr utvecklades inga detektionsmetoder som kunde hitta intermittenta offset eller dämpningar. Om algoritmerna implementeras på det sättet som föreslagits i detta examensarbete kan kunskapsluckan fyllas och alla kunder av algoritmen kommer att bli nöjda. Detta görs genom effektiv felisolering, insamling av värdefull information och generering av felkoder om de intermittenta felens påverkan är för stor eller om sensor håller på att gå sönder. Detta skulle möjliggöra proaktiv reperation eller utbyte av sensorer som är på väg att gå sönder. Insamlingen av information rörande intermittenta fel kan Scania använda för att öka kunskapen för att ytterligare förbättra algoritmerna för bättre detektion av intermittenta fel, vilket skulle resultera i ökad prestanda för alla Scania fordon.
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Centerman, Sofi, and Felix Krausz. "Common L2 Pronunciation Errors." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32834.
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The present study focuses on students at two Swedish secondary schools and the pronunciation errors that are the most prominent during reception and production of specific speech sounds. The primary focus of this degree paper is to establish whether or not certain speech sounds such as e.g. the /tʃ/ sound, which do not occur in the Swedish language in initial position are difficult or not and whether or not they act as an obstacle for Swedish students learning English as their L2. The aim was to establish which specific pronunciation errors that occurred in the L2 language classroom. Since this was the aim, primarily quantitative studies were carried out at two secondary schools in southern Sweden. The results from the four different tests show that the tested Swedish L2 students seem to have a greater difficulty with speech sounds placed in initial position than in final position of a specific word. According to this degree paper this is due to the fact that the Swedish language does not have an equivalent to the difficult speech sound in initial position, therefore making it difficult and often resulting in negative transfer from the L1. Furthermore, the English sounds that posed the biggest problems for the students were ones that sometimes can be found in the Swedish language. These sounds were very similar to native sounds creating a challenge for the Swedish students when perceiving and producing the English sounds. However, it was shown that when these sounds were presented in a context, they proved to be less challenging for the students to receive and produce. Moreover, although the syllabus only mentions that communication should be functional, there still needs to be an element of focus on form in order to become a proficient language user.
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Becker, Kathleen Ann. "Efficacy of a behavioral intervention to decrease medication transcription errors among professional nurses." [Milwaukee, Wis.] : e-Publications@Marquette, 2009. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/2.
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Monzani, Aline Aparecida Silva. ""A ponta do iceberg: o método de notificação de erros de medicação em um hospital geral privado no município de Campinas-SP"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-16082006-223547/.
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Observações realizadas na prática de enfermagem indicam que erros na administração de medicamentos são passíveis de ocorrer e, de fato ocorrem. Como causas têm-se, entre outras, a sobrecarga de trabalho da equipe de enfermagem, o conhecimento insuficiente sobre os medicamentos, número elevado de medicamentos lançados no mercado anualmente, a qualidade das prescrições médicas, enfim, falhas no sistema de medicação de uma maneira geral. Uma forma de diminuir os erros de medicação é a sua notificação, o que permite o estudo das suas causas, podendo então preveni-los. Desta forma, este estudo foi desenvolvido com os seguintes objetivos: descrever e analisar os erros de medicação notificados em um Hospital Geral Privado no município de Campinas-SP e o relatório de ocorrências utilizado por esta instituição e, propor um relatório de erros de medicação. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório, retrospectivo e longitudinal, que foi dividido em duas fases: na primeira foi realizada a análise dos erros de medicação ocorridos e na segunda fase a entrevista com os profissionais. Foram analisados 39 erros de medicação no período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2005, onde 13 (33,3%) estavam relacionados à administração de medicamento não prescrito e 10 (25,6%) a erros de omissão. A entrevista foi realizada com 64 profissionais e destes, 45 (70,3%) não conhecem o relatório de ocorrências utilizado na instituição. Dos 19 (29,7%) profissionais que o conhecem, todos o consideram adequado para o relato dos erros de medicação, além disso, 30 (46,9%) profissionais acreditam que os erros de medicação são notificados na instituição. Entretanto com o número de erros notificados em um período de 6 anos, ficou claro que a subnotificação é uma realidade vivenciada pela instituição. Desta forma, foi proposto um modelo de relatório de notificação de erros, estruturado de acordo com dados da literatura e de órgãos e instituições governamentais. Conclui-se que os profissionais da instituição não têm conhecimento da situação atual vivenciada pela instituição com relação aos erros de medicação e à subnotificação destes erros. Além disso, o relatório de ocorrências da instituição está incompleto, necessita ser revisado e divulgado dentro da instituição a fim de envolver toda a equipe multidisciplinar, aumentar o número de erros relatados e desta forma, implementar estratégias de ação para evitar novos erros e, consequentemente, aumentar a segurança dos pacientes e a qualidade da assistência prestada.Observations made within nursing practice indicate that errors in the ministering of medicaments are liable to occur and in fact they do. As causes, amongst others, there is the workload of the nursing team, the insufficient knowledge of medicaments, the large number of medicaments launched in the market each year, the quality of medical prescriptions, ultimately, failure in the medication system in a general manner. One way to lower medication errors is to notify them, which leads to the study of the causes and enables their prevention. In this way, this study was developed with the following objectives: to describe and analyze the notified medication errors in a General Private Hospital in the city of Campinas-SP and the incident report used by the institution and propose a report on medication errors. This deals with a longitudinal and retrospective study which is exploratory, descriptive and divided into two fases: in the first an analysis of the medication errors was performed and in the second an interview with the professionals. In the period of January 1999 to December 2005, 39 medication errors were analyzed, whereby 13 (33,3%) were related to the ministering of non-prescribed medication and 10 (25,6%) were related to errors of omission. The interview was performed with 64 professionals and of these, 45 (70,3%) did not know about the incident report used at the institution. Of the 19 (29,7%) professional who did know about the report, all considered it to be adequate for reporting medication errors. In addition to this, 30 (46,9%) professionals believe that medication errors are notified to the institution. However with the low number of errors notified in the period of 6 years, it is clear that the true picture at the institution is quite different. Due to this, a model of Error Notification Report, that was structured according to data from literature and from governmental organs and institutions, was proposed. It is concluded that the professionals of this institution have no knowledge of the present situation, which occurs inside their institution. Also, the institutions incident report is incomplete, needs to be revised and disclosed within the institution in order to involve the entire multi-disciplinary team, increase the number of errors reported, thereby implementing action strategies to avoid new errors and consequently increase the safety of patients and the quality of the rendered assistance.
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Carruthers, Samanthan Jane. "Latent preconditions of medication administration errors : development of a proactive error-management tool." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/623/.
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latrogenic injury has been found to occur in around 10% of UK hospital admissions, equating to the harm of approximately 850,000 patients each year. The Department of Health has made repeated calls for NHS research to learn from proactive error management techniques (EMTs) employed within other 'safety-critical' organisations (DOH 2000,2001). The aim of this research was to develop a valid and reliable proactive measure of latent organisational failures (EMT) for use in secondary care using a psychological theory of organisational accidents (Reason, 1990,1997). This theory purports that errors occur as a result of a complex interaction between unsafe acts and systemic organisational weaknesses known as latent failures. This tool will be used to measure and monitor organisational safety in health care and predict the likelihood of medication administration errors (MAEs). Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted in study I with qualified nurses from several general medical wards and senior managers from Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Using error vignettes, participants were asked to discuss their perceptions of error causation. Additional qualitative data was collected using clinical observations and incident report review. Using thematic content analysis, ten latent workplace and organisational causes of MAEs were identified, consistent with psychological error theory and error causes evidenced within other safety-critical industries (Reason, 1997; Groeneweg, 1992; Helmreich, 2000; Colla et al., 2005), including team functioning, human resources, culture and training. In ternis of Reason's organisational accident model, combining three pools of independent qualitative data afforded an in-depth exploration of latent error causes at an individual (e. g. unsafe practices), workplace (e. g. team functioning) and organisational level (e. g. use of policies and protocols). Study 2 was conducted to conceptualize identified latent preconditions of MAE within a proactive questionnaire measure; the Organisational Safety Questionnaire (OSQ). Revisiting qualitative data collected in Study 1, this study explored the ways in which each latent organisational failure would manifest at a hospital ward level. One hundred and forty-five safety indicators were generated based on these manifestations of poor safety. Pilot studies to test the face validity of indicators and content analysis to remove less commonly endorsed items led to refinement of the tool to 82 items. Given several notable drawbacks to using NHS formal incident reporting systems as an outcome measure, study 3 was conducted to develop an independent measure of MAEs against which to test the predictive validity of the OSQ (the Drug Round Behaviour questionnaire; DRBQ). This study explored the types of MAEs which can arise in secondary care as a direct or indirect result of the ten latent preconditions. Using the qualitative data obtained in study 1, a 27-item measure of 10 types of MAE (NCC MERP, 1995) was developed which was not reliant upon adverse patient outcomes and intended to also capture near misses. After a pilot study was conducted to improve the construct and face validity of the tool, 13 items which reflected 7 types of MAE had good face validity and were retained for study 4. The final study was conducted to measure the validity and reliability of the OSQ. The 82-item OSQ was administered to qualified and unqualified nurses working in 54 clinical areas across 2 two Bradford hospitals. Analysis revealed that the OSQ was relevant for all qualified nurses working in 34 of these clinical areas. Although developed as 10 subscales representing 10 latent preconditions of MAE, factor analysis yielded only one overall construct from 28 items named 'organisational safety'. However, these items reflected 8 of the 10 proposed predictors of MAE which supports their role in the occurrence of MAE. The 28-item OSQ had good internal consistency and concurrent validity (with an independent 9-item measure of local safety culture; Vogus & Sutcliffe, 2007). While the OSQ was significantly predictive of MAEs measured by the DRBQ, it did not significantly predict formally reported incidents. However, this may have been an artefact of low statistical power which may have been improved with a larger sample. Finally, high safety risk wards said they were less likely to formally report their errors than lower risk wards, yet all wards reported a similar number of incidents. It is proposed that high risk wards report a comparatively smaller percentage of the errors which actually occur compared to lower risk wards due to poorer safety cultures. Interestingly, high safety risk wards admitted making significantly more MAEs on the DRBQ than 'safer' wards suggesting the DRBQ was a more sensitive measure of the actual number of drug administration errors occurring on wards. The Organisational Safety Questionnaire represents a novel, valid and reliable proactive measure of safety which is not currently available in health care which would be useful in measuring the effects on systems interventions and other organisational changes. This thesis has explored and identified latent organisational causes of medication administration errors in secondary care and used methodological techniques used in other safety-critical industries to develop a valid and reliable measure of organisational safety which was successful in predicting medication administration errors. Findings are discussed in terms of the benefit of rigorous qualitative methods in this type of research and the direction of future research which could examine the generaliseability of the tool to other health care professionals or fields of medicine
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Morais, César Augusto Galvão de. "Modelos de sintetização plena e reduzida de erros em máquinas de medir por coordenadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18146/tde-30082012-102246/.
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A atual competitividade da economia mundial exige um controle de qualidade sofisticado em indústrias de manufatura, pois, devido ao grande número de empresas do setor são constantes as exigências de melhorias na produção. Deste modo, sistemas de medição rápidos, precisos e flexíveis como a MMC (Máquina de Medir por Coordenada) são introduzidos junto ao processo produtivo e, no que se refere à inspeção dimensional, eles proporcionam os quesitos pretendidos. Como todas as máquinas, a MMC está suscetível a erros, o que resulta em valores errôneos de sua resposta de leitura. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal do trabalho é descrever uma metodologia para efetuar um levantamento de erros em uma MMC, equacionando e quantificando nas suas direções preferenciais os erros incidentes durante um procedimento de medição. O levantamento de erros foi realizado em uma MMC do tipo ponte móvel sob as formas, teórica e experimental. A metodologia aplicada sob a forma teórica foi elaborada pelo método reduzido de sintetização de erros e pelo método pleno de sintetização de erros. Para estas sintetizações foram desenvolvidos matematicamente modelos da máquina por meio de uma análise de sua estrutura e também utilizando a teoria das transformações homogêneas. O levantamento de erros sob a forma experimental, sintetização experimental de erros, foi realizado de forma plena, obtendo valores dos 21 erros individuais. Para este método, foi utilizado canhão laser de medição, conjunto de óticas de medição por interferometria, apalpador eletrônico, nível eletrônico, esquadro mecânico de granito, além de dispositivos de fixação. Por meio dos valores obtidos na sintetização experimental permitiu-se conhecer a influência dos erros na ponta da sonda de medição. Os resultados mostraram que o eixo \"Z\" apresentou os menores erros de rotação, com amplitude menor que 1,7 arcoseg, contrariamente aos eixos \"X\" e \"Y\". Constatou-se que as sintetizações de erros apresentadas podem ser empregadas como técnica de error budget, pois permitem conhecer os erros da máquina de medir por coordenadas e também rastreá-los em todo o seu volume de trabalho.The current competitiveness of the global economy requires a sophisticated quality control in manufacturing industries, because, due to the large number of companies in this sector are constant the requirements of improvements in production. Thus, fast, accurate and flexible, systems of measurement as the CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) are introduced at production process and, with respect to dimensional inspection, this provides the qualities intended. Like all machines, the CMM is susceptible to errors, resulting in erroneous values of their reading response. In this context, the main objective of the study is to describe a methodology of error budget in a CMM, equating and quantifying in their preferred directions the errors incidents during a measurement procedure. The error budget was held in a moving bridge CMM in the forms, theoretical and experimental. The methodology applied in the theoretical form was developed by the method of reduced synthesizing technique of errors and the method of synthesizing technique of errors. For these synths were developed mathematical models of the machine by way of an analysis of its structure and also using the homogeneous transformations. The experimental synthesizing technique of errors was made with obtaining the individual values of 21 errors. For this method, was used a laser measurement, optical set of measurement by interferometry, electronic probe, electronic level, granite square, and fixation devices. Through the values obtained in the experimental synthesizing technique enabled to know the influence of errors on the tip of the probe. The results showed that the \"Z\" axis had the lowest errors of rotation, with amplitude less than 1.7 arcoseg, contrary to the axis \"X\" and \"Y\". It was verified that the methods of synthesizing technique of errors can be used as error budget, because they provide to know the errors of a coordinate measuring machine and also trace them throughout their volume.
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Olsson, Carin Therese Irene. "The effect of errors on the intelligibility of learner texts." Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-4111.
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Abstract: This paper is based on a qualitative investigation concerning the effect of errors on the intelligibility of learner texts and whether there are some errors that can be considered graver than others. The investigation was based on five student texts that were collected at an upper secondary school in the Swedish province of Värmland. The texts were sent to five native speaker evaluators in Britain and the United States of America. The errors represented were categorized as followed: substance, grammar, word choice, transfer errors and other errors.The results indicate that errors concerning substance, word choice, other errors and grammar were not considered grave. Concerning the grammatical errors, there were only a small number of cases that were considered grave. Therefore, the conclusion was drawn that grammatical errors do not affect the intelligibility of any of the five texts. However, the results from the investigation show that transfer errors, i.e. when the writer has transferred characteristics from the first language to the target language, were considered affecting the intelligibility to a larger extent than errors belonging to the other categories.
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Watkins, Adam. "Analysis and Mitigation of Multiple Radiation Induced Errors in Modern Circuits." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1325.
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Due to technology scaling, the probability of a high energy radiation particle striking multiple transistors has continued to increase. This, in turn has created a need for new circuit designs that can tolerate multiple simultaneous errors. A common type of error in memory elements is the double node upset (DNU) which has continued to become more common. All existing DNU tolerant designs either suffer from high area and performance overhead, may lose the data stored in the element during clock gating due to high impedance states or are vulnerable to an error after a DNU occurs. In this dissertation, a novel latch design is proposed in which all nodes are capable of fully recovering their correct value after a single or double node upset, referred to as DNU robust. The proposed latch offers lower delay, power consumption and area requirements compared to existing DNU robust designs. Multiple simultaneous radiation induced errors are a current problem that must be studied in combinational logic. Typically, simulators are used early in the design phase which use netlists and rudimentary information of the process parameters to determine the error rate of a circuit. Existing simulators are able to accurately determine the effects when the problem space is limited to one error. However, existing methods do not provide accurate information when multiple concurrent errors occur due to inaccurate approximation of the glitch shape when multiple errors meet at a gate. To improve existing error simulation, a novel analytical methodology to determine the pulse shape when multiple simultaneous errors occur is proposed. Through extensive simulations, it is shown that the proposed methodology matches closely with HSPICE while providing a speedup of 15X. The analysis of the soft error rate of a circuit has continued to be a difficult problem due to the calculation of the logical effect on a pulse generated by a radiation particle. Common existing methods to determine logical effects use either exhaustive input pattern simulation or binary decision diagrams. The problem with both approaches is that simulation of the circuit can be intractably time consuming or can encounter memory blowup. To solve this issue, a simulation tool is proposed which employs partitioning to reduce the execution time and memory overhead. In addition, the tool integrates an accurate electrical masking model. Compared to existing simulation tools, the proposed tool can simulate circuits up to 90X faster.
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Hamdallah, R. W. "Syntactic errors in written English : Study of errors made by Arab students of English." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235104.
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Leclerc, Michael Edward. "Characterization of a vertical two axis lathe." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03172005-141805/.
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Bauer, Johannes. "Learning from errors at work : studies on nurses' engagement in error-related learning activities." kostenfrei, 2008. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2008/990/.
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Parish, Kalind David Sommer. "Errors in Judgement: Evidence of the Fundamental Attribution Error in Supreme Court Decision-Making." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1431362168.
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Huish, Kerry Alison. "Introducing an Error Orientation Framework: Individual Differences in Coping with Errors in the Workplace." Thesis, Griffith University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366563.
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The study of human error in an organisational context is important because of its potential consequences. Negative consequences of error include adverse effects on individual health and wellbeing, and a reduction in productivity for the organisation, while positive consequences can include innovative solutions. Much of the research into human error has been undertaken on the causation and prevention of errors. However, it is almost inevitable that lapses in attention and memory will continue and that decisions will be found to be erroneous with hindsight. In light of the ubiquity of error, an error orientation framework is presented in this thesis to assist in understanding how individuals cope with errors. Such a framework ultimately complements rather than competes with investigations into error causation and prevention.
Error orientation is a construct that represents individual differences in coping with errors in the workplace and was initially investigated by Rybowiak, Garst, Frese and Batinic (1999). Rybowiak et al. identifies problem-focussed and emotion-focussed error coping strategies, but these are subsumed with error appraisal. In developing an alternative conceptualisation of error orientation to that of Rybowiak et al., a distinction is made between appraisal and coping, one that is central in the general coping construct of Lazarus and Folkman (1984). The framework presented in this thesis is further differentiated from that of Rybowiak et al. by the inclusion of resources used when coping with errors, that is, the resources of the perpetrator of the error and support provided by others. In this way, a two-by-two framework is created with each quadrant representing a unique combination of strategy and resource. The creation of such a framework highlights the limited research on the use of social support to regulate emotional responses to error.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Alasfour, Aisha Saud. "Grammatical Errors by Arabic ESL Students| An Investigation of L1 Transfer through Error Analysis." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826886.
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This study investigated the effect of first language (L1) transfer on Arabic ESL learners’ acquisition of the relative clauses, the passive voice and the definite article. I used Contrastive Analysis (CA) and Error Analysis (EA) to analyze 50 papers written by Arabic ESL students at the ACTFL Advanced Mid proficiency level. The analysis was paired with interviews with five advanced students to help determine whether L1 transfer was, in fact, influencing students’ errors predicted by CA.
Students in this study made L1 errors along with other errors. Although no statistical difference was found between the frequency of transfer and other (non-transfer) errors, L1 transfer errors were still common for many learners in this data. The frequency of the relative clause L1 transfer errors was slightly higher than other errors. However, passive voice L1 errors were as frequent as other errors whereas definite article L1 errors were slightly less frequent than other errors. The analysis of the interviews suggested that L1 still played a crucial role in influencing learners errors.
The analysis also suggested that the frequency of transfer errors in the papers used in this study might have been influenced by CA-informed instruction students received and students’ language level. Specifically, learners reported that both factors helped them reduce the frequency of L1 transfer errors in their writing.
The teaching implications of this study include familiarizing language instructors with possible sources of errors for Arabic ESL learners. Language instructors should try to identify sources of errors by conducting their own analyses or consulting existing literature on CA paired with EA. Finally, I recommend adopting a CA-informed instruction to help students reduce and overcome errors that are influenced by their L1.
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Lloyd, Marianne E. "Reducing conjunction errors with metacognition." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3165057.
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Madishetty, Madhulika S. "Distributed detection with channel errors /." Available to subscribers only, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1075698511&sid=14&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Wilson, Joycelyn N. "Errors in Numerical Quadrature Schemes." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/507.
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As a general rule, it is not possible to express the integral, ∫abf(x)dx, of a real valued function f of a single real variable x, in terms of relatively elementary functions. Even when this can be done, numerical calculations based on such expressions may be lengthy and tedious. For these reasons, mathematicians have devised several numerical quadrature schemes to provide approximate values for the integral (1). The error in any such scheme is defined as the difference between the integral and the numerical quadrature scheme. In this paper, we studied the errors in four specific numerical quadrature schemes: trapezoidal rule, midpoint rule, Simpson’s rule, and Bode’s rule. Our interest was to find estimates for these errors. The approach was first to find an explicit formula for the error. This formula involved an integral, one factor of whose integrand was a derivative of some order of the function f(x). Both upper and lower bounds were found for the error in terms of the maximum and minimum values of that derivative. Numerical results were finally calculated for two specific functions f(x). We found that Bode’s rule gave the most accurate answer while the trapezoidal rule was least accurate.
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Kamal, Muhammad. "Software design methods and errors." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317143.
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Bucks, Romola Starr. "Intrusion errors in Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285578.
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Kneller, Wendy. "Reducing errors of eyewitness indentifications." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/33508/.
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Throughout the thesis, the issue of whether eyewitness decision strategy (relative or absolute) is indicative of accuracy was examined. Results were mixed but where an effect emerged (studies 1, 2a & 2b), the data suggested that eyewitnesses were more likely to be accurate when using an absolute decision strategy. The likelihood of using such a strategy was maximised when lineup members were viewed under a sequential presentation rather than a simultaneous presentation. In this respect, the sequential lineup was recommended over the more usual simultaneous lineup. The effect of lineup member similarity on accuracy and decision strategy usage was also examined through the manipulation of lineup construction methods (similarity-to-suspect; match-to-description). Results indicated that neither construction method significantly influenced accuracy or decision strategy usage. The thesis also examined the influence of an emergent factor - facial distinctiveness - with the expectation that a distinctive target would be easier to identify from a line-up because of (i) a more resilient memory trace, (ii) a representation which elicits less confusion with similar faces, or (iii) a more heterogeneous set of foils as a match to the distinctive target face. In a series of experiments (studies 2a, 2b, & 3) in which target presence, lineup construction, and lineup presentation type (simultaneous; sequential) were manipulated, distinctiveness failed to influence eyewitness performance. A partial replication of experiments of 2a and 2b in which delay was shortened also failed to find the expected distinctiveness advantage (study 4). The lack of a distinctiveness advantage was unlikely to be due to the particular targets used as a traditional laboratory-based old/new task yielded the expected advantage when recognising distinctive faces over typical faces in general, and the distinctive target over the typical target in particular (study 5).
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Dugay, Murielle. "Errors in skin temperature measurements." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9786/.
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Numerical simulation is used to investigate the accuracy of a direct-contact device for measuring skin-surface temperature. A variation of thermal conductivity of the foam has greater effect on the error rather than a variation of the blood perfusion rate. For a thermal conductivity of zero, an error of 1.5 oC in temperature was identified. For foam pad conductivities of 0.03 and 0.06 W/m-oC, the errors are 0.5 and 0.15 oC. For the transient study, with k=0 W/m-oC, it takes 4,900 seconds for the temperature to reach steady state compared with k=0.03 W/m-oC and k=0.06 W/m-oC where it takes 3,000 seconds. The configuration without the foam and in presence of an air gap between the skin surface and the sensor gives the most uniform temperature profile.
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Shu, Xiaohua. "BLOCK DESIGNS UNDER AUTOCORRELATED ERRORS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/154927.
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StatisticsPh.D.
This research work is focused on the balanced and partially balanced incomplete block designs when observations within blocks are correlated. The topic for this dissertation was motivated by a problem in pharmaceutical research, when several treatments are allocated to individuals, and repeated measurements are taken on each individual. In that case, there is correlation among the observations taken on the same individual. Typically, it is reasonable to assume that the observations within individual close to each other are highly correlated than observations that are far away from each other. It is also reasonable to assume that the correlation between any two observations within each individual is same. We have characterized balanced and partially balanced incomplete block designs when observations within blocks are autocorrelated. In Chapter 3, we have provided an explicit expression for the average variance of estimated elementary treatment contrasts for designs obtained by Type I and II series of orthogonal arrays, under autocorrelated errors, and compared them with the corresponding balanced incomplete block designs with uncorrelated errors. The relative efficiency of balanced incomplete block design compared to the corresponding balanced incomplete block design obtained by Types I and II series of orthogonal array under autocorrelated errors does not depend on the number of treatments (v) and is an increasing function of the block size (k). When orthogonal arrays of Type I or Type II do not exist for a given number of treatments, we provided alternative partially balanced designs with autocorrelated errors. In Chapter 4, we rearranged the treatments in each block of symmetric balanced incomplete block designs and used them with autocorrelated error structure of the plots in a block. The C-matrix of estimated treatment effects under autocorrelation was given and the relative efficiency of symmetric balanced incomplete block designs with independent errors compared to the autocorrelated designs is given. In Chapter 5, we discussed the compound symmetry correlation structure within blocks. An explicit expression of the average variance of designs obtained by Type I and II series of orthogonal arrays and symmetric balanced incomplete block designs under compound symmetric errors has been provided and compared them with the corresponding balanced incomplete block designs with uncorrelated errors. Finally, the relative efficiencies of these designs with autocorrelated errors vs. compound symmetric error structure are given
Temple University--Theses
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Dugay, Murielle Boetcher Sandra Kathleen Sparr. "Errors in skin temperature measurements." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9786.
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Xavier, Rosely Perez. "Residual segmental errors in english." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1989. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/106301.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 1989.Made available in DSpace on 2013-12-05T20:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 84294.pdf: 4743647 bytes, checksum: 42ce6f0dd18b13b30326d8dc9cf1b221 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989
O presente estudo trata dos erros segmentais em inglês que persistem na fala do aluno de graduação em literaturas portuguesa-inglesa. Estes erros envolvem fonemas consonantais, fonemas vocálicos, os alomorfes do plural e do passado e alofones, os quais foram escolhidos para objeto de análise. Embora todos os erros segmentais persistem na fala do sujeito desta pesquisa, a freqüência de ocorrência de cada um varia de acordo com o fonema e com o semestre letivo.
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Borthwick, Geoffrey Ludlow. "Confirmation Bias and Related Errors." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/128.
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This study attempted to replicate and extend the study of Doherty, Mynatt, Tweney, and Schiavo (1979), which introduced what is here called the Bayesian conditionals selection paradigm. The present study used this paradigm (and a script similar to that used by Doherty et al.) to explore confirmation bias and related errors that can appear in both search and integration in probability revision. Despite selection differences and weak manipulations, this study provided information relevant to four important questions. First, by asking participants to estimate the values of the conditional probabilities they did not learn, this study was able to examine the use of "intuitive conditionals". This study found evidence that participants used intuitive conditionals and that their intuitive conditionals were affected by the size of the actual conditionals. Second, by examining both phases in the same study, this study became the first to look for inter-phase interactions. A strong correlation was found between the use of focal search strategies and focal integration strategies (r=.81, p
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Ly, Huong Q. "Medical Laboratory Managers Success with Preanalytical Errors." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3498.
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Clinicians rely heavily on accurate laboratory results to diagnose and treat their patients. Laboratory errors can occur in any area of total testing phases, but more than half of the errors occur in the preanalytical phase. Framed by the total quality management theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore medical laboratory managers' strategies to reduce preanalytical errors. A purposive sample of 2 organizations with laboratories in southern California participated in semistructured face-to-face interviews. Company A had 2 participants and 3 participants participated in the study from Company B. Each participant had at least 5 years of laboratory experience, with a minimum of 2 years of management experience in preanalytical testing, and had completed one project to minimize laboratory errors. Thematic analysis exposed 5 main themes: quality improvement, recognition, reward, and empowerment, education and training, communication, and patient satisfaction. The participants highlighted the need for organizations to concentrate on quality management to achieve patient satisfaction. To achieve quality services, medical laboratory managers noted the importance of employee engagement, education and training, and communication as successful strategies to mitigate preanalytical errors. The recommendation for action is for laboratory leaders to review and apply effective strategies exposed by the data in this study to reduce preanalytical errors in their medical laboratory. Positive implications of this study include reduction of preanalytical errors, increased operational cost, and improved patient experience.
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Xie, Yichen. "Static detection of software errors precise and scalable algorithms for automatic detection of software errors." Saarbrücken VDM, Müller, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2991792&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Tairi, Tatiana. "Cognitive errors in adolescence : the linkages between negative cognitive errors and anxious and depressive symptoms." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435044.
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Kulborg, Catarina. "English Errors in Swedish Upper Secondary School : A study of grammatical errors and errors as a result of transfer, produced by Swedish Upper secondary students." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35199.
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This is a study that employs error analysis to investigate written production in English, by Swedish upper secondary learners of English, in order to determine which linguistic errors most commonly occur amongst this group, and to compare the results between first-year students and third-year students for a possible indication of which error types continue to occur throughout upper secondary school. The error categories included in this study are grammatical errors and errors as a result of transfer. The variable of gender will also be taken into account, due to the statistics and previous research that show female students tend to achieve higher results in academics. The purpose of the study is to gain a better understanding of how Swedish upper secondary learners acquire English, and to uncover which areas are most challenging for them, in the hopes of highlighting areas within ELT that may need revision. The participants of the study are students attending Swedish upper secondary schools, year 1 and 3. The analyzed data was collected from the Uppsala Learner English Corpus (ULEC), which consists of texts produced by Swedish learners of English attending middle school and upper secondary school. The results show that certain error categories and types are consistently challenging for both first-year students and third-year students, which provides an indication of which areas in ELT might be lacking. Within the grammatical error category, all groups demonstrated a significant lack of knowledge pertaining to subject-verb agreement, as well as prepositions, which are both to a certain degree attributed to the first language; meaning, they may be the result of transfer. The male students were shown to outperform the female students; however, the female third-year students produced fewer errors than their male counterparts, which suggests a faster progression. The male third-year students were shown to have the same error rate as the male first-year students, which suggests a slower progression. While the third-year students produced fewer errors overall, the error types they struggled the most with are the same error types most commonly occurring in the first-year group, suggesting pedagogical remediation is needed.
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Troëng, Thomas. "On errors & adverse outcomes in surgery learning from experience /." Malmö : Dept. of Community Health Sciences and the Dept. of Surgery, Malmö General Hospital, University of Lund, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38946479.html.
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Kim, Hyang-Ok Kennedy Larry DeWitt. "A descriptive analysis of errors and error patterns in consecutive interpretation from Korean into English." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9521335.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994.Title from title page screen, viewed April 11, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Larry Kennedy (chair), Kenneth Jerich, Marilyn Moore, Irene Brosnahan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-96) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Lau, Yun-wah. "Comparative cephalometric errors an intra-and inter-examiner error study of orthodontic and surgical patients /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628521.
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劉潤華 and Yun-wah Lau. "Comparative cephalometric errors: an intra-and inter-examiner error study of orthodontic and surgical patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628521.
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Horvath, Dorothee [Verfasser], Nina [Akademischer Betreuer] Keith, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Frese. "Learning from Errors and Error Management Culture in Teams / Dorothee Horvath ; Nina Keith, Michael Frese." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216243573/34.
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Melanson, Michael. "PROMPTED Peer Response and Grammatical Errors : Prompted Peer Response vs Unprompted Peer Response inReducing Grammatical Errors." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för språkdidaktik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166208.
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The current classroom environment is filled with expectations for both teacher and student but is often lacking in time. Skolverket (2011) outlines ambitious goals such as developing students’ critical thinking abilities, adapting teaching to each student’s individual needs, and encouraging students to actively take part in the development of their own educational process, to name just a few. It is crucial to develop and use techniques that aid in attaining these objectives. Peer response could be such a tool. There is an abundance of research which demonstrates how effective it is, but there is also a great reluctance on the part of teachers and students alike to employ it in the classroom. This could be due in part to the idea that learners lack the necessary knowledge to correct and give feedback. However, this and other criticisms directed against peer feedback could be alleviated through deliberate formal peerresponse training. Most of today’s research on this topic seems to focus on English as a Second or Foreign Language (ESL/EFL) classrooms in the U.S.A and Asia, with little work having been done in the Swedish context. Also lacking are investigations regarding peer response in grammar testing, since most of the research emphasizes essay writing. This paper aims to add to the body of existing research on prompted peer response by examining its application in English classrooms in Sweden. To do so, two secondary school English classes in Sweden are tested by means of an abbreviated version of Gan’s (2011) prompted peer response model. More specifically, this paper’s objective is to explore if prompted peer response leads to improvements in grammar (operationalized in this case as reducing grammatical errors in a grammar test) when compared to unprompted peer response. In addition, this paper intends to explore whether peer response can possibly produce any additional rewards and what those could be. The results for this study seem promising. The primary results of this paper support the existing research in this area that prompted peer response leads to a reduction in student’s grammatical errors. Perhaps more importantly, the results suggest that it also aids students in developing a progressive approach to peer response which ultimately can lead to students developing learning strategies and self-reflection over their own learning process.
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Sushko, Tatiana. "Hedging Errors for Static Hedging Strategies." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for samfunnsøkonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13513.
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Forrest, Tammy J. "Memory errors in elementary school children." Diss., Full text available online (restricted access), 2002. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Forrest.pdf.
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Panozzo, Stacey Joy. "Nurses' perceptions of medication administration errors /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09S.PS/09s.psp195.pdf.
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Lindskog, Magnus. "On errors in meteorological data assimilation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Meteorology, Stockholm university, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7258.
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Caron, Jean-François 1977. "The characteristics of key analysis errors /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102484.
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This thesis investigates the characteristics of the corrections to the initial state of the atmosphere. The technique employed is the key analysis error algorithm, recently developed to estimate the initial state errors responsible for poor short-range to medium-range numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts. The main goal of this work is to determine to which extent the initial corrections obtained with this method can be associated with analysis errors. A secondary goal is to understand their dynamics in improving the forecast.In the first part of the thesis, we examine the realism of the initial corrections obtained from the key analysis error algorithm in terms of dynamical balance and closeness to the observations. The result showed that the initial corrections are strongly out of balance and systematically increase the departure between the control analysis and the observations suggesting that the key analysis error algorithm produced initial corrections that represent more than analysis errors. Significant artificial correction to the initial state seems to be present.
The second part of this work examines a few approaches to isolate the balanced component of the initial corrections from the key analysis error method. The best results were obtained with the nonlinear balance potential vorticity (PV) inversion technique. The removal of the imbalance part of the initial corrections makes the corrected analysis slightly closer to the observations, but remains systematically further away as compared to the control analysis. Thus the balanced part of the key analysis errors cannot justifiably be associated with analysis errors. In light of the results presented, some recommendations to improve the key analysis error algorithm were proposed.
In the third and last part of the thesis, a diagnosis of the evolution of the initial corrections from the key analysis error method is presented using a PV approach. The initial corrections tend to grow rapidly in time and can thus modify significantly the trajectory of a forecast over a relatively short period of time. The results shed light on different mechanisms about the evolution of small and fast growing initial perturbations.