Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Error response'
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Boaventura, Guimareas Dumangane Montezuma. "Essays on duration response measurement error." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368683.
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Ling, Xiang. "Adaptive design in dose-response studies." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133365136.
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Rashid, Horn Susan G. "What's wrong and who cares? : reader reaction to error /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/3248240.
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Chai, Lauren (Lauren Amy). "Twist error response of periodic lattices to strain energy distribution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101331.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-80).
Periodic lattices, when used as assembly scaffolds, can augment pre-existing 2D manufacturing techniques to fabricate 3D structures with heterogeneous materials, components and architecture such as human organs for transplant patients, and micro batteries. Periodic lattices are first preformed and then folded using externally actuating walls that properly constrain the lattice edges. Angular errors of the actuation walls cause the lattice to distort, misaligning components on the lattice panels. Research into the response of a lattice to geometric errors imposed on the lattice edges does not account for how much strain energy is put into the lattice during folding and its impact on the lattice distortion response and magnitude. This thesis shows how design parameters of the lattice can change the magnitude and shape of the twist response of the lattice when external geometric errors are applied to the lattice during folding. A Buckingham Pi analysis was used to show how the twist response of the lattice due to an external angular wall error depends on the torsional stiffnesses of the panels, the initial fold angle of the preformed accordion unit in the lattice and the angular wall error. A FEA simulation study quantified the Buckingham Pi results by varying the torsional stiffness ratio of the panels, the initial fold angle and the final lattice length after folding. The results showed that increasing the ratio of the torsional stiffnesses by two orders of magnitude decreases the magnitude of the response by as much as an order of magnitude and increases the asymmetry by 0.5 to 1.5 orders of magnitude. Increasing the initial fold angle by 50% increases the magnitude of the result by as much as 250% and decreases asymmetry by 26%.
by Lauren Amy Chai.
S.M.
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Davison, Jennifer J. "Response surface designs and analysis for bi-randomization error structures." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10042006-143852/.
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Bedi, Aman. "The effects of response probability on commission errors in high go low no-go dual response versions of the sustained attention to response task (SART)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10520.
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In the current investigation, we modified the high Go low No-Go Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) by replacing the single response on Go trials with a dual response (dual response SART or DR SART). In three experiments a total of 80 participants completed the SART and versions of the DR SART in which response probabilities varied from 50-50, through 70-30 to 90-10. The probability of No-Go withhold stimuli was .11 in all experiments. Using a dynamic utility based model proposed by Peebles and Bothell (2004) we predicted that the 50-50 DR-SART would dramatically reduce commission errors. Additionally, the model predicted that the probability of commission errors to be an increasing function of response frequency. Both predictions were confirmed. Although the increasing rate of commission errors with response probability can also be accommodated by the rationale originally proposed for the SART by its creators (Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, & Yiend, 1997) the fact that the current DR SART results and SART findings in general can be accommodated by a utility model without need for any attention processes is a challenge to views that ascribe commission errors to lapses of sustained attention.
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McEwen, Peter A. "Trellis coding for partial response channels /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9968170.
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Kim, Hongman. "Statistical Modeling of Simulation Errors and Their Reduction via Response Surface Techniques." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28390.
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Errors of computational simulations in design of
a high-speed civil transport (HSCT) are investigated.
First, discretization error from a supersonic panel code,
WINGDES, is considered. Second, convergence error from
a structural optimization procedure using GENESIS is
considered along with the Rosenbrock test problem.
A grid converge study is performed to estimate
the order of the discretization error in the lift
coefficient (CL) of the HSCT calculated from WINGDES.
A response surface (RS) model using several mesh sizes
is applied to reduce the noise magnification problem
associated with the Richardson extrapolation. The RS model
is shown to be more efficient than Richardson extrapolation
via careful use of design of experiments.
A programming error caused inaccurate optimization
results for the Rosenbrock test function, while
inadequate convergence criteria of the structural
optimization produced error in wing structural weight
of the HSCT. The Weibull distribution is successfully
fit to the optimization errors of both problems.
The probabilistic model enables us to estimate average
errors without performing very accurate optimization runs
that can be expensive, by using differences between
two sets of results with different optimization control
parameters such as initial design points or convergence
criteria.
Optimization results with large errors, outliers,
produced inaccurate RS approximations. A robust regression
technique, M-estimation implemented by iteratively
reweighted least squares (IRLS), is used to identify
the outliers, which are then repaired by higher fidelity
optimizations. The IRLS procedure is applied to the
results of the Rosenbrock test problem, and wing structural
weight from the structural optimization of the HSCT.
A nonsymmetric IRLS (NIRLS), utilizing one-sidedness
of optimization errors, is more effective than IRLS in
identifying outliers. Detection and repair of the outliers
improve accuracy of the RS approximations. Finally,
configuration optimizations of the HSCT are performed
using the improved wing bending material weight RS models.Ph. D.
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Prasad, N. G. Narasimha Carleton University Dissertation Mathematics. "Small area estimation and measurement of response error variance in surveys." Ottawa, 1985.
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Potter, Kevin Whitman. "Perfectionism, Decision-Making, and Post-error Slowing." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1418307845.
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McGlothlin, Anna E. Stamey James D. Seaman John Weldon. "Logistic regression with misclassified response and covariate measurement error a Bayesian approach /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5101.
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Wiggins, Richard D. "A methodological investigation of non-sampling error : interviewer variability and non response." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1258/.
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Two principal sources of error in data collected from structured interviews with respondents are the methods of observation itself, and the impact of failure to obtain responses from selected individuals. Methodological strategies are developed to investigate practical ways of handling these errors for data appraisal. In part one, the differential impact of each of a group of interviewers on the responses obtained in two separate epidemiological studies is examined. Interviewer effect is measured and its impact on the interpretation of individual responses, scale scores and modelling is shown. The analysis demonstrates that it is possible to achieve four objectives with slight modification of survey design. First, estimates of precision for the survey results can be improved by including the component due to interviewer variability. Secondly, items with high sensitivity to interviewer effect can be identified. Thirdly, the pattern of distortion for different types of items can be discovered. Replicate analyses appear to indicate that deviations between interviewers are not always consistent over time. Fourthly, by means of 'variance component modelling' the presence of interviewers on the interpretation of linear models can be evaluated. These models are used to show how interviewer characteristics may be used to account for variation in the responses. Part two establishes an evaluative framework for the systematic review of interviewer call back strategies in terms of nonresponse bias and the costs of data collection. Use of an 'efficiency index', based on a product of 'mean square error' and cost for items in a survey of occupational mobility provides a retrospective evaluation. The empirical evidence had important practical consequences for fieldwork. The possibility of alternative call-back norms and the relative efficacy of appointment versus non-appointment calls is shown. The methodology develops from a review of adjustment procedures for nonresponse bias and models for survey costing. Logically, the methodologies for the three empirical investigations could be combined into an appraisal for a single survey. Only lack of resources inhibited such an outcome.
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Fujimoto, Atsushi. "Dynamic alternation of primate response properties during trial-and-error knowledge updating." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180343.
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Angel, Stefan, Franziska Disslbacher, Stefan Humer, and Matthias Schnetzer. "What did you really earn last year?: explaining measurement error in survey income data." Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Royal Statistical Society, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/7005/1/rssa.pdf.
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The paper analyses the sources of income measurement error in surveys with a
unique data set. We use the Austrian 2008-2011 waves of the European Union "Statistics on
income and living conditions" survey which provide individual information on wages, pensions
and unemployment benefits from survey interviews and officially linked administrative records.
Thus, we do not have to fall back on complex two-sample matching procedures like related
studies. We empirically investigate four sources of measurement error, namely social desirabil-
ity, sociodemographic characteristics of the respondent, the survey design and the presence
of learning effects. We find strong evidence for a social desirability bias in income reporting,
whereas the presence of learning effects is mixed and depends on the type of income under
consideration. An Owen value decomposition reveals that social desirability is a major expla-
nation of misreporting in wages and pensions, whereas sociodemographic characteristics are
most relevant for mismatches in unemployment benefits.
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Mulvihill, Shane. "Light Exposure, Refractive Error, and Red and Blue Light-Driven Pupillary Responses." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460742215.
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Rimell, Andrew. "Reduction of loudspeaker polar response aberrations through the application of psychoacoustic error concealment." Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337179.
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Miniuk, Mary. "Channel Impulse Response and Its Relationship to Bit Error Rate at 28 GHz." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31002.
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Over the years, the Internet has become increasingly popular and people's dependence on it has increased dramatically. Whether it be to communicate to someone across the world, find blueprints, or check sports scores, the Internet has become a necessary resource for everyone. In emergency situations, this need increases further. After the terrorist attacks on the Pentagon, it took several days to restore communications. This is not an acceptable time frame when people's lives are at stake. Virginia Tech's Center for Wireless Telecommunication has developed a prototype of a rapidly deployable high bandwidth wireless communication system at 28 GHz (Local Multipoint Distribution Service frequency). This system provides a large bandwidth radio link to a disaster zone up to 5 km away and puts Ethernet speeds and 802.11 accesses to users within hours.
Because of the possible variability in locations that the system can be deployed, it is necessary to find the most useable channel at the site as quickly as possible. In addition to 28GHz radio links, the system also has a built-in channel sounder that measures and captures the channel impulse response of the current channel. Until now, there has been limited research on the relationship between the channel impulse response and the usability of the channel quantified using bit error rate.
This thesis examines several different channels captured by CWT's channel sounder and simulates the BER using Cadence's SPW with time-domain models of the channels. This thesis goes on further to show that BER greatly depends on the channel impulse response and the symbol rate.Master of Science
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Schlessman, Bradley R. "Type I Error Rates and Power Estimates for Several Item Response Theory Fit Indices." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1261404833.
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Majba, Christopher. "A Review of Uncertainty Quanitification of Estimation of Frequency Response Functions." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1346171022.
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Dorfman, Vladimir. "Detection and coding techniques for partial response channels /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3094619.
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Hong, Youngju. "The Effect of Teachers' Error Feedback on International Students' Self-Correction Ability." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd529.pdf.
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Hileman, Camilla Marie. "The Error Related Negativity (ERN) in Response to Social Stimuli in Individuals with High Functioning Autism." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/453.
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In this study, behavioral (post-error response time) and electrophysiological (ERN amplitude and latency) indices of error-monitoring were examined in individuals with autism and typical development. Participants were presented with a series of faces, and they were asked to quickly and accurately determine the gender or the affect of the faces. Younger participants showed post-error slowing for the Gender Task, while older participants showed post-error slowing for the Affect Task. With age, participants showed a greater differentiation between correct and incorrect responses on both ERN amplitude and ERN latency. For the Gender Task only, participants with typical development showed a greater differentiation between correct and incorrect responses than participants with autism on ERN amplitude. Evidence of more error monitoring on the Affect Task was associated with less autistic symptomology, fewer internalizing problems, and better social skills. Evidence of more error monitoring on the Gender Task was associated with greater autistic symptomology and fewer internalizing problems. Overall, age, regardless of diagnostic group, had a substantial effect on face processing and error monitoring abilities. Individuals with autism showed an ability to engage in error monitoring, with only mild impairments in error monitoring. The data suggest that error monitoring is not a core deficit of autism; however, individual differences in error monitoring may significantly moderate the expression of autism.
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Brown, Nicolas Derek. "The Impact of Leader Race and Gender on Perceptions of Organizations in Response to Corporate Error." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4545.
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Prior research has demonstrated that CEO behavior influences how people perceive corporations and that CEOs associated with controversy can damage corporate reputations. Research also illustrates that attitudes based on prescribed racial and gender characteristics render Black and female CEOs as incongruent with leadership positions. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of two different corporate errors as justification factors leading to prejudicial evaluations of leaders with stigmatized identities (e.g., race and gender), with a particular emphasis on the intersection of race and gender on leader- and organization-based evaluations. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 12 corporate conditions ([CEO race: white v. black] x [CEO gender: male v. female] x [Corporate error: no error v. diversity error v. non-diversity error]) and assessed to provide responses via an online experiment. Although results revealed a significant main effect of corporate error on leader and organization perceptions, there was no evidence of an interactive effect of CEO race and gender on leader and organization perceptions. Furthermore, the non-significant interaction of race and gender was not impacted by the context of the corporate error. I discuss theoretical and practical implications, study limitations, and avenues for future research.
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Johansson, Gustav. "Investigating differences in response time and error rate between a monolithic and a microservice based architecture." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264840.
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With great advancements in cloud computing, the microservice architecture has become a promising architectural style for enterprise software. It has been proposed to cope with problems of the traditional monolithic architecture which includes slow release cycles, limited scalability and low developer productivity. Therefore, this thesis aims to investigate the affordances and challenges of adopting microservices as well as the difference in performance compared to the monolithic approach at one of Sweden’s largest banks, SEB - the Scandinavian Individual Bank. The investigation consisted of a literature study of research papers and official documentation of microservices. Moreover, two applications were developed and deployed using two different system architectures - a monolithic architecture and a microservice architecture. Performance tests were executed on both systems to gather quantitative data for analysis. The two metrics investigated in this study were response time and error rate. The results indicate the microservice architecture has a significantly higher error rate but a slower response time than the monolithic approach, further strengthening the results of Ueda et. al. [47] and Villamizar et. al. [48]. The findings have then been discussed with regards to the challenges and complexity involved in implementing distributed systems. From this study, it becomes clear the complexity shifts from inside the application out towards infrastructure with a microservice architecture. Therefore, microservices should not be seen as a silver bullet. Rather, the type of architecture is highly dependent on the scope of the project and the size of the organization.Med stora framstegen inom molntjänster har microservice arkitekturen kommit att bli en lämplig kandidat för utveckling av företagsprogramvara. Denna typ av systemarkitektur har föreslagits att lösa de problem som den traditionella monolitiska arkitekturen medför; långsamma lanseringar, begränsad skalbarhet och låg produktivitet. Således fokuserar denna avhandling på att utforska de möjligheter samt utmaningar som följer vid adoptering av microservices samt skillnaden i prestanda jämfört med den monolitiska arkitekturen. Detta undersöktes på en av Sveriges största banker, SEB, den Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken. Utredningen bestod av en litteraturstudie av vetenskapliga artiklar samt officiell dokumentation för microservices. Dessutom utvecklades och lanserades två applikationer byggt med två olika typer av systemarkitektur - en som monolitisk arkitektur och den andra som en microservice arkitektur. Prestandatest utfördes sedan på båda systemen för att samla kvantitativ data för analys. De två nyckelvardena som undersöktes i denna studie var responstid och felfrekvens. Resultaten indikerar att microservice arkitekturen har en signifikant högre felfrekvens men en långsammare responstid än den monolitiska arkitekturen, vilket stärker resultaten av Ueda et. al. [47] och Villamizar et. al. [48]. Forskningsresultaten har diskuterats med hänsyn till den komplexitet och de utmaningar som följer vid implementering av distribuerade system. Från denna studie blir det tydligt att komplexiteten i en microservice arkitektur skiftar från inuti applikationen ut till infrastrukturen. Således borde microservices inte ses som en silverkula. Istället är valet av systemarkitektur strikt beroende på omfattningen av projektet samt storleken på organisationen i fråga.
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Li, Hong. "Multiple Comparisons under Unequal Variances and Its Application to Dose Response Studies." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1254160726.
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Ansu-Gyeabour, Ernest. "Community-Based Optimal Scheduling of Smart Home Appliances Incorporating Occupancy Error." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365171120.
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Ma, Yan. "Design of Active Clamp for Fast Transient Voltage Regulator-Down (VRD) Applications." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30790.
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Since the early 80s, the computer industry has undergone great expansion. Processors are becoming faster and more powerful. Power management issues in computing systems are becoming more and more complex and challenging. An evolution began when the high-performance Pentium processor was driven by a non-standard, less-than-5V power supply, instead of drawing its power from the 5V plane on the system board. A so-called Voltage Regulator Module (VRM) is put close to the processor in order to provide the power as quickly as possible. Nowadays, for desktop and workstation applications, VRM input voltage has moved to the 12V output of the silver box. In the meantime, microprocessors will run at very low voltage (below 1V), will consume up to 100A of current, and will have dynamics of about 400A/us. In the near future, VRM will be replaced with VRD because of the parasitic components effect. The specifications requirements for VRD are even more challenging than VRM.
With this kind of tight tolerance, high current and fast current slew rate, transient response requirements for VRD design are very challenging, especially for step-down transient. During step-down transient, there is some additional energy stored in inductor. Traditional switching regulator like multi-phase buck can do nothing for this even by saturating the duty cycle to 0. All of the additional energy in inductor will be dumped into output cap and cause a large voltage spike at the output voltage. Even for step-up transient, traditional linear control like voltage loop control canâ t provide enough bandwidth because of the slow compensation and slow slew rate of the error amplifier. So the voltage drop is still quite large.
Comparing with traditional linear controlled switching regulator such as voltage control and current control buck converter, active clamp has a lot of the advantages for the transient response. With proper design, active clamp can generate a very high bandwidth since there is no compensator needed in the control loop. Since active clamp bypasses inductor and is connected directly to the output cap, it can quickly source and sink current from the output cap even during the step-down transient and prevent overshooting of the output voltage. This is the biggest advantage for active clamp comparing with traditional linear control.
In this thesis, a new active clamp structure is proposed. Several new concepts are proposed like non-linear Gm, built-in offset Gm, error signal feedback and AVP design. A one-channel buck converter with new active clamp and voltage loop control is implemented and verified using real transistors based on 0.5um CMOS process.Master of Science
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Langer, Michelle M. Thissen David. "A reexamination of Lord's Wald test for differential item functioning using item response theory and modern error estimation." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2084.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in the Department of Psychology Quantitative." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
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Jackson, Kathryn Anne. "Measuring voluntary dietary change in response to exercise : a focus on dietary fat." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/52660/1/Kathryn_Jackson_Thesis.pdf.
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Traditional treatments for weight management have focussed on prescribed dietary restriction or regular exercise, or a combination of both. However recidivism for such prescribed treatments remains high, particularly among the overweight and obese. The aim of this thesis was to investigate voluntary dietary changes in the presence of prescribed mixed-mode exercise, conducted over 16 weeks. With the implementation of a single lifestyle change (exercise) it was postulated that the onerous burden of concomitant dietary and exercise compliance would be reduced, leading to voluntary lifestyle changes in such areas as diet. In addition, the failure of exercise as a single weight loss treatment has been reported to be due to compensatory energy intakes, although much of the evidence is from acute exercise studies, necessitating investigation of compensatory intakes during a long-term exercise intervention.
Following 16 weeks of moderate intensity exercise, 30 overweight and obese (BMI≥25.00 kg.m-2) men and women showed small but statistically significant decreases in mean dietary fat intakes, without compensatory increases in other macronutrient or total energy intakes. Indeed total energy intakes were significantly lower for men and women following the exercise intervention, due to the decreases in dietary fat intakes.
There was a risk that acceptance of the statistical validity of the small changes to dietary fat intakes may have constituted a Type 1 error, with false rejection of the Null hypothesis. Oro-sensory perceptions to changes in fat loads were therefore investigated to determine whether the measured dietary fat changes were detectable by the human palate. The ability to detect small changes in dietary fat provides sensory feedback for self-initiated dietary changes, but lean and overweight participants were unable to distinguish changes to fat loads of similar magnitudes to that measured in the exercise intervention study.
Accuracy of the dietary measurement instrument was improved with the effects of random error (day-to-day variability) minimised with the use of a statistically validated 8-day, multiple-pass, 24 hour dietary recall instrument. However systematic error (underreporting) may have masked the magnitude of dietary change, particularly the reduction in dietary fat intakes.
A purported biomarker (plasma Apolipoprotein A-IV) (apoA-IV) was subsequently investigated, to monitor systematic error in self-reported dietary intakes. Changes in plasma apoA-IV concentrations were directly correlated with increased and decreased changes to dietary fat intakes, suggesting that this objective marker may be a useful tool to improve the accuracy of dietary measurement in overweight and obese populations, who are susceptible to dietary underreporting.
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Wang, Yu. "A study on the type I error rate and power for generalized linear mixed model containing one random effect." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35301.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Statistics
Christopher Vahl
In animal health research, it is quite common for a clinical trial to be designed to demonstrate the efficacy of a new drug where a binary response variable is measured on an individual experimental animal (i.e., the observational unit). However, the investigational treatments are applied to groups of animals instead of an individual animal. This means the experimental unit is the group of animals and the response variable could be modeled with the binomial distribution. Also, the responses of animals within the same experimental unit may then be statistically dependent on each other. The usual logit model for a binary response assumes that all observations are independent. In this report, a logit model with a random error term representing the group of animals is considered. This is model belongs to a class of models referred to as generalized linear mixed models and is commonly fit using the SAS System procedure PROC GLIMMIX. Furthermore, practitioners often adjust the denominator degrees of freedom of the test statistic produced by PROC GLIMMIX using one of several different methods. In this report, a simulation study was performed over a variety of different parameter settings to compare the effects on the type I error rate and power of two methods for adjusting the denominator degrees of freedom, namely “DDFM = KENWARDROGER” and “DDFM = NONE”. Despite its reputation for fine performance in linear mixed models with normally distributed errors, the “DDFM = KENWARDROGER” option tended to perform poorly more often than the “DDFM = NONE” option in the logistic regression model with one random effect.
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Siders, Craig A. "Error Related Negativity in Parkinson’s Disease: A Test of the Validity of MesencephalicDopamine Contributions to ERN." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/496.
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A model proposed by Holroyd and Coles (2002) stating that error related negativity (ERN) is caused by a decrease in mesencephalic dopamine output to the ACC was tested. A group of individuals with Parkinson's disease (N = 16) and an age and education matched group free from neurological disorder (N = 16) completed a card guessing task where the magnitude of monetary penalties and rewards for incorrect and correct answers was varied by block. Individuals with Parkinson's disease were tested after an overnight washout from dopamingeric medications.
The amplitude of the mid-frontal negativity elicited by feedback was analyzed with spatial and temporal principal components analyses. Dipole source analyses were also performed. Analyses revealed no significant differences in the mid-frontal negativity amplitude between the two groups. In addition, the magnitude of consequence and the validity of response had no significant effects on fERN amplitude although there was a trend for higher magnitude consequences to be associated with larger fERN amplitude. Dipole analyses indicated the source of the mid-frontal negativity fell into the cingulate, specifically the cingulate gyrus. The results suggest that the mid-frontal negativity elicited by feedback indicating an error was made remains intact in individuals with Parkinson's disease. This does not support predictions made by Holroyd and Coles' model in regard to this group unless disruptions to the system that produces the fERN do not occur until later stages in the disease. An additional finding was a late positive potential for the error trials which began approximately 450 milliseconds after feedback and continued throughout the epoch. The ramifications of this wave are discussed.
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Sun, Allen Y. "An Experimental Study of the Dynamic Response of Spur Gears Having Tooth Index Errors." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430749459.
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Hoseini, Yazdi Seyed Hosein. "Spatial characteristics of the response of the human choroid to imposed defocus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/120362/1/Seyed%20Hosein_Hoseini%20Yazdi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examined the thickness of the human choroid across a substantially larger region (~55°) than previously examined (~17°), its regional variation associated with myopia, and its short-term response to different spatial patterns of optical defocus. This research provided the first evidence of a local response of the choroid to a region specific pattern of myopic defocus in the human eye. These findings add to the current understanding of the choroid's contribution to vision dependent mechanisms of human eye growth and may assist in optimising the optical design of myopia control interventions.
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Powers, Stephanie L. Stamey James D. "Bayesian approach to inference and variable selection for misclassified and under-reported response models." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5355.
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Munther, Pernilla. "The efficiacy of written corrective feedback and students´perceptions : A survey about the impact of written response on L2 writing." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43910.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate to what extent written corrective feedback (WCF) is a good way to treat errors that L2 (second language) pupils make and if they attend to the comments in future written assignments. WCF is the most used response on written assignments. Some research takes the perspective that it is fruitful (Chandler 2003, Ferris 2003) while other research argues that it is inefficient and unnecessary (e.g.Truscott 1996, 1999). This study presents the findings of a survey on the topic which was conducted at a small school in the south east of Sweden. A comparison between previous research and the findings of the present survey is made and the conclusion from this is that there are limitations in the efficacy of WCF and the results suggest that the type of feedback and how it is delivered are important. It is also likely to be beneficial that pupils revise their texts in order to improve in writing English.
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Ozol-Godfrey, Ayca. "Understanding Scaled Prediction Variance Using Graphical Methods for Model Robustness, Measurement Error and Generalized Linear Models for Response Surface Designs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30185.
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Graphical summaries are becoming important tools for evaluating designs. The need to compare designs in term of their prediction variance properties advanced this development. A recent graphical tool, the Fraction of Design Space plot, is useful to calculate the fraction of the design space where the scaled prediction variance (SPV) is less than or equal to a given value. In this dissertation we adapt FDS plots, to study three specific design problems: robustness to model assumptions, robustness to measurement error and design properties for generalized linear models (GLM). This dissertation presents a graphical method for examining design robustness related to the SPV values using FDS plots by comparing designs across a number of potential models in a pre-specified model space. Scaling the FDS curves by the G-optimal bounds of each model helps compare designs on the same model scale. FDS plots are also adapted for comparing designs under the GLM framework. Since parameter estimates need to be specified, robustness to parameter misspecification is incorporated into the plots. Binomial and Poisson examples are used to study several scenarios. The third section involves a special type of response surface designs, mixture experiments, and deals with adapting FDS plots for two types of measurement error which can appear due to inaccurate measurements of the individual mixture component amounts. The last part of the dissertation covers mixture experiments for the GLM case and examines prediction properties of mixture designs using the adapted FDS plots.Ph. D.
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Radhakrishnan, Rathnakumar. "Detection and Decoding for Magnetic Storage Systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194396.
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The hard-disk storage industry is at a critical time as the current technologies are incapable of achieving densities beyond 500 Gb/in2, which will be reached in a few years. Many radically new storage architectures have been proposed, which along with advanced signal processing algorithms are expected to achieve much higher densities. In this dissertation, various signal processing algorithms are developed to improve the performance of current and next-generation magnetic storage systems.Low-density parity-check (LDPC) error correction codes are known to provide excellent performance in magnetic storage systems and are likely to replace or supplement currently used algebraic codes. Two methods are described to improve their performance in such systems. In the first method, the detector is modified to incorporate auxiliary LDPC parity checks. Using graph theoretical algorithms, a method to incorporate maximum number of such checks for a given complexity is provided. In the second method, a joint detection and decoding algorithm is developed that, unlike all other schemes, operates on the non-binary channel output symbols rather than input bits. Though sub-optimal, it is shown to provide the best known decoding performance for channels with memory more than 1, which are practically the most important.This dissertation also proposes a ternary magnetic recording system from a signal processing perspective. The advantage of this novel scheme is that it is capable of making magnetic transitions with two different but predetermined gradients. By developing optimal signal processing components like receivers, equalizers and detectors for this channel, the equivalence of this system to a two-track/two-head system is determined and its performance is analyzed. Consequently, it is shown that it is preferable to store information using this system, than to store using a binary system with inter-track interference. Finally, this dissertation provides a number of insights into the unique characteristics of heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) channels. For HAMR channels, the effects of laser spot on transition characteristics and non-linear transition shift are investigated. For TDMR channels, a suitable channel model is developed to investigate the two-dimensional nature of the noise.
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Ozturk, Murat. "Finite Element Structural Model Updating By Using Experimental Frequency Response Functions." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610608/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Initial forms of analytical models created to simulate real engineering structures
may generally yield dynamic response predictions different than those obtained
from experimental tests. Since testing a real structure under every possible
excitation is not practical, it is essential to transform the initial mathematical
model to a model which reflects the characteristics of the actual structure in a
better way. By using structural model updating techniques, the initial
mathematical model is adjusted so that it simulates the experimental
measurements more closely.
In this study, a sensitivity-based finite element (FE) model updating method
using experimental frequency response (FRF) data is presented. This study bases
on a technique developed in an earlier study on the computation of the so-called
Mis-correlation Index (MCI) used for identifying the system matrices which
require updating. MCI values are calculated for each required coordinate, and
non-zero numerical values indicate coordinates carrying error. In this work a
new model updating procedure based on the minimization of this index is
developed. The method uses sensitivity approach. FE models are iteratively
updated by minimizing MCI values using sensitivities. The validation of the
method is realized through some case studies. In order to demonstrate the
application of the method for real systems, a real test data obtained from the
modal test of a scaled aircraft model (GARTEUR SM-AG19) is used. In the
application, the FE model of the scaled aircraft is updated. In the case studies
the generic software developed in this study is used along with some
commercial programs.
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Lam, Yvonne. "The effect of a differential observing response and an error correction procedure for teaching conditional discriminations to children with autism spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55898.
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A differential observing response (DOR), in which a unique response puts the learner in sensory contact with the sample stimulus (Walpole, Roscoe, & Dube, 2007), is an antecedent strategy used to address faulty stimulus control. Similarly, error correction (EC) procedures are consequence strategies for addressing errors and faulty stimulus control (McGhan & Lerman, 2013). Few studies have compared the combination of an error correction procedure and a DOR; thus, the purpose of this study was to examine this combination for teaching auditory to visual conditional discriminations. The study employed an adapted alternating treatments design with one participant where the primary dependent variable was the number of sessions to reach mastery criterion. A total of three comparative evaluations (i.e., stimulus bundles) were completed in which the auditory-visual stimuli consisted of nonsense consonant-vowel-consonant words assigned to flags. For the first stimulus bundle, more rapid learning was associated with the EC condition. For the second stimulus bundle, neither treatment was associated with more rapid learning, as acquisition in each treatment occurred at the same rate. Finally, for the third stimulus bundle, more rapid learning was associated with the DOR+EC condition. The results indicated that the addition of a DOR to an error correction procedure did not result in more rapid learning of auditory to visual conditional discriminations for the participant. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Morse, Brendan J. "Controlling Type 1 errors in moderated multiple regression an application of item response theory for applied psychological research /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1247063796.
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Aller, Arranz Carlos. "Essays on household and corporate finance." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/26755.
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Morse, Brendan J. "Controlling Type I Errors in Moderated Multiple Regression: An Application of Item Response Theory for Applied Psychological Research." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1247063796.
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Pathak, Ryan. "Investigating methods to improve sensitivity of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, a potential imaging biomarker of treatment response, for patients with colorectal liver metastasis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-methods-to-improve-sensitivity-of-the-apparent-diffusion-coefficient-a-potential-imaging-biomarker-of-treatment-response-for-patients-with-colorectal-liver-metastasis(cf5b0308-7959-40ea-832e-862b7b816e26).html.
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Radiological imaging already has a key role in the detection and management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). With the evolution of personalised medicine there is a need for non-invasive imaging biomarkers that can detect early tumour response to targeted therapies. Translation from bench to bedside requires a multicentre approach that follows an agreed development roadmap to ensure that the proposed biomarker is precise (reproducible/ repeatable) and accurate in its characterisation of a meaningful physiological, pathological or post treatment response. The following thesis (organized in the alternative format with experimental studies written as individual complete manuscripts) investigates methods to improve precision and accuracy of the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), a proposed quantitative imaging biomarker with a potential role in characterisation of post treatment responses in mCRC. The first objective was to establish baseline multicentre reproducibility (n=20) for ADC. A change in ADC greater than 21.1% was required to determine a post treatment response. Using a statistical error model, the dominating factors that influenced reproducibility were motion artefact and tumour volume. In the second study these factors were addressed using a single centre cohort with pre and post treatment data. Correcting for errors due to motion and tumour volume improved sensitivity from 30.3% to 1.7%, so a post treatment response was detected in 6/12 tumours compared to 0/12 using the baseline approach. In the third study, motion correction was implemented and the statistical error model was applied successfully to a multicentre cohort of 15 patients (1.9% sensitivity). The results of this thesis highlights that with careful consideration and correction of factors that negatively influence sensitivity, ADC is a potential imaging biomarker for use in post treatment response for patients with mCRC.
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Rafiq, Shuddhasattwa. "Oil consumption, pollutant emission, oil proce volatility and economic activities in selected Asian Developing Economies." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/693.
Full textAbstract:
It is now well established in the literature that oil consumption, oil price shocks, and oil price volatility may impact the economic activities negatively. Studies identifying the relationship between energy and/or oil consumption and output primarily take two different approaches. One approach includes energy or oil consumption in addition to output, labour, and capital. The other approach takes energy and/or oil, output and prices. Based on these two models most of the previous studies suggest energy conservation policies for different economies. However, none of the previous studies considered both of these models jointly to make policy implications and there are not many studies investigating oil consumption-output relationship in a multivariate model in the context of developing economies. Furthermore, one of the important variables in making any conservation policies, carbon emission, is omitted from the models.Similarly, there has been a large body of literature investigating the impact of oil price shocks in different economies. Nevertheless, studies analysing the impact of oil price volatility on economic activities are very limited. More importantly, studies analysing the impact of oil price volatility in developing economies are almost non-existent. In the light of increasing demand for oil from the developing nations, comprehensive studies on identifying the impact of oil consumption, oil prices, and oil price volatility on developing economies is warranted.Hence, in this thesis, the contribution of oil in economic development is investigated with the help of two different models. The first model, termed as supply-side approach, analyses the contribution of oil consumption in economic activities within the traditional production function framework. The second model, termed as demand-side approach, analyses the contribution of energy consumption in economic activities in two stages. In the first stage, oil consumption demand is analysed by a tri-variate model having oil prices as the third variable in addition to oil consumption and GDP. In the second stage, carbon emission output is determined in a tri-variate model with carbon emission as the third variable along with oil consumption and output. This thesis also performs a unique task of analysing the impact of volatility on world crude oil prices on the economic activities of six Asian developing economies.With respect to the oil consumption-output relationship, despite dissimilarities in results for causality relationships between oil consumption and output in three different models for different countries, one common result emerges. Except for the Philippines, all other countries are found to be oil dependent either from supply-side or from demand-side or from both of the sides. This implies that for all the considered developing economies, except for the Philippines, oil conservation policies seem to be harder to implement as that may retard their economic growth. In addition to that, one very important findings of the empirical analysis based on the equation regarding pollutant emission output is that for all the countries, except for Malaysia, output Granger causes pollutant emission (CO2) both in the short run and long run.With respect to the impact of oil price volatility on economies, this study finds that oil price volatility seems to impact all the economies in the short run. According to the results, oil price volatility affects GDP growth in China and Malaysia, GDP growth and inflation in India and Indonesia, while in the Philippines volatility in oil prices impacts inflation. However, in Thailand the impact channels are different for pre- and post-Asian financial crisis period. For Thailand, it can be inferred that oil price volatility impacts output growth for the whole period; however, after the Asian financial crisis the impact seems to disappear.Based on the comprehensive study within three different theoretical frameworks the policy implications regarding oil consumption-output relationship can be summarised as follows. For the Philippines, where uni-directional causality from income to oil consumption is found, she may contribute to the fight against global warming directly implementing energy conservation measures. The direction of causality indicates that the oil conservation policies can be initiated with little or no effect on economic growth. For rest of the oil dependent countries where either bidirectional causality or uni-directional causality from oil consumption to output is found in any of the models, since oil is a critical determinant of economic growth in these countries, limiting its use may retard economic growth. Nevertheless, all of these countries may initiate environmental policies aimed at decreasing energy intensity, increasing energy efficiency, and developing a market for emission trading. These countries can invest in research and development to innovate technology that makes alternative energy sources more feasible, thus mitigating pressure on the environment.According to the impact analysis of oil price volatility on economic activities, the policy implications are as follows. In Thailand, the results after the financial crisis show that adverse effect of oil price volatility has been mitigated to some extent. It seems that oil subsidization of the Thai government by introduction of the oil fund and the flexible exchange rate regime plays a significant role in improving economic performance by lessening the adverse effect of oil price volatility on macroeconomic indicators. For all other countries, the impact of oil price volatility is also of short term. Hence, the short-term impact of oil price volatility on the concerned economies may be exerted though the uncertainty born by the fluctuations in the crude oil price in the world market. As far as the impact on GDP growth is concerned, the short-run impact may also be transmitted through the investment uncertainties resulting from increased volatility in oil prices. However, from the Thai experience it can be inferred that flexible exchange rate regime insulate the economy in the short run from any adverse impact from oil price volatility on growth. Hence, it can be suggested that good subsidization policy with considerable knowledge on international currency market, both spot and future, may shield the economies from adverse consequences due to the fluctuation in oil prices in the short run. Nevertheless, this may affect other sectors of the economy like, inflation, interest rate, government budget deficit, etc.
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Herring, Nathan Daniel. "Sensitivity Analysis of the Forest Vegetation Simulator Southern Variant (FVS-Sn)for Southern Appalachian Hardwoods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34167.
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The FVS-Sn model was developed by the USDA Forest Service to project and report forest growth and yield predictions for the Southern United States. It is able to project forest growth and yield for different forest types and management prescriptions, but it is a relatively new, complex, and untested model. These limitations notwithstanding, FVS-Sn once tested and validated could meet the critical need of a comprehensive growth and yield model for the mixed hardwood forests of the southern Appalachian region.
In this study, sensitivity analyses were performed on the FVS-Sn model using Latin hypercube sampling. Response surfaces were fitted to determine the magnitudes and directions of relationships between FVS-Sn model parameters and predicted 10-year basal area increment. Model sensitivities were calculated for five different test scenarios for both uncorrelated and correlated FVS-Sn input parameters and sub-models.
Predicted 10-year basal area increment was most sensitive to parameters and sub-models related to the stand density index and, to a lesser degree, the large tree diameter growth sub-model. The testing procedures and framework developed in this study will serve as a template for further evaluation of FVS-Sn, including a comprehensive assessment of model uncertainties, followed by a recalibration for southern Appalachian mixed hardwood forests.Master of Science
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Lundquist, Peter. "Estimating Interviewer Effects in Sample Surveys : Some Contributions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Statistics, Stockholm University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1295.
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Azarskov, V. N., O. U. Kurganskyi, O. V. Ermolaeva, and G. I. Rudyuk. "Structural Identification Algorithm Based on Results of Multidimensional Nonlinear Stabilization Plant Test." Thesis, Kyiv, "Osvita Ukrainy", 2015. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/28365.
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Keh, Melissa Anne Latham. "Second language reading of adolescent ELLs: a study of response to retrospective miscue analysis, error coding methodology and transfer of L1 decoding skills in L2 reading." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/11113.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityIt is well documented that ELLs face significant challenges as they develop literacy skills in their second language (NCES, 2007, 2011). This population is diverse and growing rapidly in Massachusetts and across the nation (Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 2013; NCELA, 2011; Orosco, De Schonewise, De Onis, Klingner, & Hoover, 2008). Yet, this population is often left out of reading studies because of the range of variables they present (Klingner, 2010). This research focuses on the effects of a reading approach on adolescent ELLs, the power of coding systems to capture ELLs' reading errors and how exposure to a second writing system develops metalinguistic skills. In the first study of this dissertation, I examine the effects of an approach called Retrospective Miscue Analysis (RMA; Goodman & Marek, 1996) on six subjects in a school setting, using an n-of-one design to evaluate changes in their reading attributable to RMA. RMA has been researched with diverse learners in case studies; however, data had not been collected to demonstrate whether it could change subjects' fluency or reading comprehension in addition to their attitudes about reading and themselves as readers. My results suggest that students had positive feelings about RMA and believed that they had learned new ways to read, but the results do not point to immediate changes in their decoding accuracy, reading comprehension or fluency with RMA. This approach may have latent effects on overall reading performance by increasing motivation and self-confidence, but it did not appear to have immediate effects on my subjects' reading performance. The second study of this dissertation provides a methodological exploration of two coding systems. The first coding system, Reading Miscue Inventory (RMI; Goodman, Watson, & Burke, 2005) originated in miscue analysis research. The second coding system was developed by Cheng and Caldwell-Harris (to appear) to code oral reading errors Chinese readers made when reading Chinese, and it was also used by the researchers to code native English speakers' oral reading errors. Interview data from RMA was used as an additional lens for understanding the power of coding systems to reveal information about reading miscues, or oral reading errors. The results indicate that RMI needs revision for use with English language learners (ELLs), especially in the Meaning Construction category, but RMI also reminds us to consider miscues within the context of connected text. Cheng and Caldwell-Harris' system, on the other hand, appears to accurately illuminate general relationships between a target word and a reader's error but is limited to word-level analysis of oral reading errors. The third study of this dissertation examined patterns of oral reading errors according to ELLs' first language (L1) background to explore how L1 reading experiences affect the metalinguistic skills second language (L2) readers bring to reading in their L2. Statistical analysis of real word versus nonword oral reading errors subjects made revealed distinct patterns in L2 readers who had learned to read in Chinese versus Cyrillic writing systems. I argue that this difference in errors made by Chinese and Cyrillic readers supports Koda's (2009) Transfer Facilitation Model, which states that metalinguistic awareness reflects the systematic differences in writing systems readers become accustomed to. This difference in errors also appears to contradict predictions that transfer is less operable across unalike orthographies. I also explore Koda's (2009) hypothesis that experience reading a L2 should lead to changes in metalinguistic skills over time. My findings suggest that experienced L2 readers' decoding skills may not change, or may take significant time to change, with exposure to a second writing system.
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Tieppo, Sandra Maria. "Inferência em um modelo de regressão com resposta binária na presença de sobredispersão e erros de medição." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-26042007-172251/.
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Modelos de regressão com resposta binária são utilizados na solução de problemas nas mais diversas áreas. Neste trabalho enfocamos dois problemas comuns em certos conjuntos de dados e que requerem técnicas apropriadas que forneçam inferências satisfatórias. Primeiro, em certas aplicações uma mesma unidade amostral é utilizada mais de uma vez, acarretando respostas positivamente correlacionadas, responsáveis por uma variância na variável resposta superior ao que comporta a distribuição binomial, fenômeno conhecido como sobredispersão. Por outro lado, também encontramos situações em que a variável explicativa contém erros de medição. É sabido que utilizar técnicas que desconsideram esses erros conduz a resultados inadequados (estimadores viesados e inconsistentes, por exemplo). Considerando um modelo com resposta binária, utilizaremos a distribuição beta-binomial para representar a sobredispersão. Os métodos de máxima verossimilhança, SIMEX, calibração da regressão e máxima pseudo-verossimilhança foram usados na estimação dos parâmetros do modelo, que são comparados através de um estudo de simulação. O estudo de simulação sugere que os métodos de máxima verossimilhança e calibração da regressão são melhores no sentido de correção do viés, especialmente para amostras de tamanho 50 e 100. Também estudaremos testes de hipóteses assintóticos (como razão de verossimilhanças, Wald e escore) a fim de testar hipóteses de interesse. Apresentaremos também um exemplo com dados reaisRegression models with binary response are used for solving problems in several areas. In this work we approach two common problems in some data sets and they need appropriate techniques to achieve satisfactory inference. First, in some applications, the same sample unity is utilized more than once, bringing positively correlated responses, which are responsible for the response variable variance be greater than an assumption binomial distribution, phenomenon known as overdispersion. On the other hand, also we find situations where the explanatory variable has measurement errors. It is known that the use of techniques which ignores these measurement errors brings inadequate results (e. g., biased and inconsistent estimators). Taking a model with binary response, we will use a beta-binomial distribution for modeling the overdispersion. The methods of maximum likelihood, SIMEX, regression calibration and maximum pseudo-likelihood were used in the estimation of the parameters, which are compared through a simulation study. The simulation studies suggest that the maximum likelihood and regression calibration methods are better for bias correcting, especially for larger sample size. Likelihood ratio, Wald and score statistics are used in order to test hypothesis of interest. We will illustrate the techniques with an application to a real data set
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Fung, Victor. "Bit error simulation of FSK, BPSK, and pi/4 DQPSK in flat and frequency-selective fading mobile radio channels using two-ray and measurement- based impulse response models." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040410/.
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