Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Erotic literature, English History and criticism / Journal articles

Journal articles on the topic 'Erotic literature, English History and criticism'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Erotic literature, English History and criticism.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Erotic literature, English History and criticism.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Buszek, Maria Elena. "Mirror, Mirror: Joanna Frueh as Fairy Stepmother." TDR/The Drama Review 55, no. 2 (June 2011): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00073.

Full text

Abstract:

For over 20 years, scholar and performance artist Joanna Frueh has been a pioneering force in feminist art and criticism. In homage to Frueh's “erotic scholarship,” Frueh's own writing and performances concerning relationships between women are interwoven with a biographical history of the author and the artist's own student/teacher relationship.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Halmi, Nicholas. "The Nostalgic Imagination: History in English Criticism." Common Knowledge 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-8906285.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Fargnoli, Joseph R., and Rene Wellek. "A History of Modern Criticism: 1750-1950. Vol. 5: English Criticism, 1900-1950." Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 20, no. 1 (1987): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1315004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Leo, Russ. ":Erotic Subjects: The Sexuality of Politics in Early Modern English Literature." Sixteenth Century Journal 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj23210836.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Bula, Andrew. "Literary Musings and Critical Mediations: Interview with Rev. Fr Professor Amechi N. Akwanya." Journal of Practical Studies in Education 2, no. 5 (August 6, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v2i5.30.

Full text

Abstract:

Reverend Father Professor Amechi Nicholas Akwanya is one of the towering scholars of literature in Nigeria and elsewhere in the world. For decades, and still counting, Fr. Prof. Akwanya has worked arduously, professing literature by way of teaching, researching, and writing in the Department of English and Literary Studies of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. To his credit, therefore, this genius of a literature scholar has singularly authored over 70 articles, six critically engaging books, a novel, and three volumes of poetry. His PhD thesis, Structuring and Meaning in the Nigerian Novel, which he completed in 1989, is a staggering 734-page document. Professor Akwanya has also taught many literature courses, namely: European Continental Literature, Studies in Drama, Modern Literary Theory, African Poetry, History of Theatre: Aeschylus to Shakespeare, European Theatre since Ibsen, English Literature Survey: the Beginnings, Semantics, History of the English Language, History of Criticism, Modern Discourse Analysis, Greek and Roman Literatures, Linguistics and the Teaching of Literature, Major Strands in Literary Criticism, Issues in Comparative Literature, Discourse Theory, English Poetry, English Drama, Modern British Literature, Comparative Studies in Poetry, Comparative Studies in Drama, Studies in African Drama, and Philosophy of Literature. A Fellow of Nigerian Academy of Letters, Akwanya’s open access works have been read over 109,478 times around the world. In this wide-ranging interview, he speaks to Andrew Bula, a young lecturer from Baze University, Abuja, shedding light on a variety of issues around which his life revolves.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Nemoianu, Virgil, and Rene Wellek. "A History of Modern Criticism 1750-1950. Vol. 5: English Criticism, 1900-1950; Vol. 6: American Criticism, 1900-1950." MLN 101, no. 5 (December 1986): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2905719.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Overton, Bill. "Review: Authors and Authority: English and American Criticism 1750–1990." Literature & History 2, no. 1 (March 1993): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030619739300200107.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Allison, J. W. F. "HISTORY TO UNDERSTAND, AND HISTORY TO REFORM, ENGLISH PUBLIC LAW." Cambridge Law Journal 72, no. 3 (November 2013): 526–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000819731300069x.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article considers the contentious invocations of history that have become prominent in debates about English public law. It presents them as uses of history not simply to understand English public law but to reform it, through the reconstruction of historic authorities or reappraisal of historical sources. This article addresses the criticism they have attracted by distinguishing different kinds of orthodox and unorthodox reformist history. It advocates their transparent use and thoroughly deliberative history for reformist purposes in public law. It does so in three distinctive ways: first, by suggesting implications of Coke's dictum on causal understanding for whig historical approaches in the common law; secondly, by reassessing Maitland's dichotomy between the lawyer's logic of authority and the historian's logic of evidence; and, thirdly, by arguing that much can be learnt from the methodological caution, deliberation and rigour promoted by comparativists in their developed literature on legal transplants and law reform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ortiz-Salamovich, Alejandra. "‘whether she did or no, judge you’: Engaging readers in the translations of Spanish romance." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 104, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0184767820980658.

Full text

Abstract:

This article explores how the reader is addressed in the sexual scenes of the Spanish, French, and English versions of Amadis de Gaule. Anthony Munday’s translation ( c. 1590) follows closely Nicolas Herberay des Essarts’s French text (1540), which he had translated from the Spanish Amadís de Gaula (1508) by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. It analyses how the narrator’s appeals to the reader change in the course of translation, transforming the omission of erotic details into a device to connect with the readers. The new versions make the sexual scenes more provocative and highlight a shared complicity with the audience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

LaPerle, Carol Mejia. "‘Unclothe me of sin’s gay trappings’." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 94, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0184767817722100.

Full text

Abstract:

This article demonstrates the ways in which The Renegado is relentlessly rhetorical. Early modern preoccupation with rhetorical theory and practice informs depictions of the material exchanges, erotic overtures and religious conversions as these attend Philip Massinger’s representations of the foreign. When considering the play’s representation of commerce, seduction and religion abroad, at stake is something closer to rhetorical considerations at home; that is, how to convert foreign ornamentation to advantage. Ultimately, the play’s resolutions hinge on transforming effeminizing, foreign ornamentation into ‘plain English’, a conversion that turns global spaces of inherent risk and insecurity into scenes of tractable, marital domesticity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Shubhangi M. Hiwarkhedka and Dr. Anshu Sharma. "Patriarchal Dominance in English Literature." International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering and Management (IRJAEM) 2, no. 04 (April 30, 2024): 1228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47392/irjaem.2024.0165.

Full text

Abstract:

Patriarchal dominance has been a prevalent theme in English literature throughout its history. Many literary works reflect and critique the societal norms and power structures that have historically favored men over women. Patriarchal norms prescribe rigid gender roles and expectations for men and women, reinforcing stereotypes and inequalities. Women are often relegated to traditional roles as caregivers, homemakers, and subordinate members of the family, while men are expected to be the primary breadwinners and decision-makers. These gender roles perpetuate unequal power dynamics and limit women's autonomy and agency. Prominent examples include Shakespeare's plays, where gender roles and power imbalances are often central to the plot, and classic novels like Jane Austen's "Pride and Prejudice," which explores women's limited options in a patriarchal society. Over time, literature has evolved to challenge and subvert these patriarchal norms, with authors like Virginia Woolf and Charlotte Perkins Gilman addressing issues of gender inequality and women's autonomy. Feminist literature and criticism have also played a significant role in analyzing and deconstructing patriarchal themes in English literature. Patriarchal dominance, characterized by the historical and societal power imbalance that favors men over women, has been a recurring theme in English literature throughout the ages. This theme reflects and critiques the prevailing gender norms, roles, and inequalities that have persisted within different periods and cultures of English-speaking societies. From early literary works to contemporary literature, patriarchal dominance remains a complex and enduring subject of exploration.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Chekin, Leonid S. "First Secretary Gierek, President Carter, and the president’s Polish interpreter." Babel / Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation / Revista Internacional de Traducción 69, no. 6 (October 5, 2023): 725–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00344.che.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract During President Carter’s visit to Warsaw in 1977, his interpreter into Polish, Steven Seymour, allegedly made major mistakes. American journalists learned of these mistakes from their Polish colleagues and gloated over what they considered erotic overtones in Seymour’s interpretation. There is much literature on this episode, but no author has yet consulted the actual interpretation. I was able to obtain an archived audio recording of the entire episode from the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum. In this article, I discuss Seymour’s choice of a sentence-by-sentence mode of interpretation and the problems inherent in that mode, classify his errors and inaccuracies, and attempt to uncover the reasons for the exaggerated criticism from the media and the interpreting community. Characteristically, the media paid no attention to the solemn, confident performance of Seymour’s Polish colleague, who interpreted Edward Gierek’s speech into English. The episode is a good testimony to the role of diplomatic interpreters, whose moment of glory only comes when they make a factual or imaginary mistake.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Hill, Christopher. "Review: Lines of Authority: Politics and English Literary Criticism, 1649–1689." Literature & History 5, no. 2 (September 1996): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030619739600500211.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

CHEN, Zhongxiang. "Interpretation of the Women in the Biblical Literature." Review of Social Sciences 1, no. 6 (June 29, 2016): 09. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/rss.v1i6.36.

Full text

Abstract:

<p>Bible as literature and Bible as religion are comparative. It is without doubt that Bible, as a religious doctrine, has played a great role in Judaism and Christianity. It is meanwhile a whole literature collection of history, law, ethics, poems, proverbs, biography and legends. As the source of western literature, Bible has significant influence on the English language and culture, English writing and modeling of characters in the subsequent time. Interpreting the female characters in the Bible would affirm the value of women, view the feminist criticism in an objective way and agree the harmonious relationship between the men and the women. </p>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Dillon, John Noël. "CONJECTURES AND CRITICISM IN BOOK 1 OF THECODEX JUSTINIANUS." Classical Quarterly 65, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838814000640.

Full text

Abstract:

Since 2007, a team of American and British ancient historians has been preparing a new translation of theCodex Justinianus. The ‘Codex Project’ was launched by chief editor Bruce W. Frier; the goal of the project is to create the first reliable English translation of theCodex Justinianuson the basis of the standard edition by Paul Krüger. Since 1932, the notoriously unreliable translation by Scott has remained the only one in English. The new translation by the Codex Project should appear soon.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Jenkins, E. R. "English South African children’s literature and the environment." Literator 25, no. 3 (July 31, 2004): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v25i3.266.

Full text

Abstract:

Historical studies of nature conservation and literary criticism of fiction concerned with the natural environment provide some pointers for the study of South African children’s literature in English. This kind of literature, in turn, has a contribution to make to studies of South African social history and literature. There are English-language stories, poems and picture books for children which reflect human interaction with nature in South Africa since early in the nineteenth century: from hunting, through domestication of the wilds, the development of scientific agriculture, and the changing roles of nature reserves, to modern ecological concern for the entire environment. Until late in the twentieth century the literature usually endorsed the assumption held by whites that they had exclusive ownership of the land and wildlife. In recent years English-language children’s writers and translators of indigenous folktales for children have begun to explore traditional beliefs about and practices in conservation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Italia, Maddalena. "Eastern Poetry by Western Poets: Powys Mathers’ ‘Translations’ of Sanskrit Erotic Lyrics." Comparative Critical Studies 17, no. 2 (June 2020): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0359.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay focuses on a pivotal (if understudied) moment in the history of the translation and reception of Sanskrit erotic poetry in the West – a moment which sees the percolation of this classical poetry from the scholarly sphere to that of non-specialist literature. I argue that a crucial agent in the dissemination and inclusion of Sanskrit erotic poems in the canon of Western lyric poetry was the English poet Edward Powys Mathers (1892–1939), a self-professed second-hand translator of ‘Eastern’ literature, as well as the author of original verses, which he smuggled as translations. Using Black Marigolds (a 1919 English version of the Caurapañcāśikā) as a case study, I show how Powys Mathers’ renderings – which combined the practices of second-hand and pseudo-translation – are intertextually dense poems. On the one hand, Black Marigolds shows in watermark the intermediary French translation; on the other, it functions as a hall of mirrors which reflects, magnifies and distorts the emotional and aesthetic dimensions of both the classical/Eastern and modern/Western literary world. What does the transformation of the Caurapañcāśikā into a successful piece of modern(ist) lyric poetry tell us about the relationship that Western readers wished (and often still wish) to have with ‘Eastern’ poetry? Furthermore, which conceptual tools can we mobilize to ‘make sense’ of these non-scholarly translations of classical Sanskrit poems and ‘take seriously’ their many layers of textual and contextual meaning?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Wakelin, Daniel. "Written in Haste: Practical Letters and Everyday Criticism in the Fifteenth Century." ELH 91, no. 1 (March 2024): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.2024.a922007.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: The phrase written in haste is a conventional ending of English letters in the fifteenth century. The formula does reflect the speed of practical uses of literacy. It also, however, is a critical term by which people evaluate their letters against aspirations to write better. The aspiration might concern style, but in haste and the related closing phrase no more also concern the content, extent and frequency of letters. Such phrases engage in a process of criticism which both invites literary critics now to read practical texts slowly and expands the criteria that such criticism might use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Raley, Rita. "On Global English and the Transmutation of Postcolonial Studies into “Literature in English”." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 8, no. 1 (March 1999): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.8.1.51.

Full text

Abstract:

What does it signify to speak of a World Literature in English? In what ways might diaspora studies and transnationalism be linked to the contemporary phenomenon of global English, with a mode of comprehending the world that holds English at its center? What can diaspora studies and transnationalism learn from the “language question” frequently raised in discussions of both cultural imperialism and postcolonial writing? What can they learn from the question of globalism now so ubiquitous in contemporary criticism? How does the Literature in English concept relate, on the one hand, to Edouard Glissant's outline of the “liberation” that results from compromising major languages with Creoles (250), and, on the other, to Fredric Jameson's implicit yearning for a philosophical universal linguistic standard not circumvented by linguistic heteroglossia (16-7)? These questions outline the conceptual terrain of this article, in which I read the discursive transmutation of the discipline of Postcolonial Studies into “Literature in English” as both symptom and cause of the emerging visibility of global English as a recognizable disciplinary configuration situated on the line between contemporary culture and the academy. Over the course of this article, I chart this discursive transmutation and its necessary preconditions—the critical investiture in the “global,” the renewed attention to dialects, the abstraction of the “postcolonial”—as a way of articulating profound reservations about the “new universalisms,” of which Literature in English is a primary instance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Teranishi, Masayuki, Aiko Saito, Kiyo Sakamoto, and Masako Nasu. "The role of stylistics in Japan: A pedagogical perspective." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 21, no. 2 (May 2012): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947012444034.

Full text

Abstract:

This article surveys the history of English studies and education in Japan, paying special attention to the role of literary texts and stylistics. Firstly, the role of literature and stylistics in Japan is discussed from a pedagogical point of view, including both English as a foreign language and Japanese as a native language. Secondly, the way in which stylistics has contributed to literary criticism in the country is examined, with reference to the history of literary stylistics since 1980. Finally, this article considers further applications of stylistics to language study in Japan, offering two examples: analysis of thought presentation in Yukio Mishima’s Megami (2006[1955]), and the teaching of an English poem and a Japanese haiku to Japanese EFL students. The overall aim of this article is to demonstrate that literature as language teaching material and stylistics as a critical and teaching method are significant not only in understanding English, but also in appreciating our own native language if it is not English.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Gu, Qiushi. "Trauma, Haunting, and Representation: Rereading and the Translation Examination of Kokoro." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2023): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1501.29.

Full text

Abstract:

The Japanese novel, Kokoro (1914), offers a profound insight into early 20th-century Japanese society encompassing history, politics, and literature. Although this novel has been extensively explored in literary and translation studies, the convergence remains underexplored. This study advocates integrating literary criticism with translation practice for a more faithful representation of narratives. Applying trauma/PTSD studies theory, it meticulously analyzes Kokoro, particularly examining the English and Chinese renditions of the pivotal term “談判 (danpan; negotiation)”. The methodology involves constructing a trilingual database, incorporating the Japanese source text and seven translations in English and Chinese. By scrutinizing specific passages, the study delves into trauma-related responses and behaviors, revealing their impact on long-lasting changes in personality and relationships. Emphasis is placed on the translation of key terms, preserving cultural and linguistic nuances. This innovative approach advances both literary criticism and translation theory, emphasizing psychological elements for a nuanced portrayal of characters’ states of mind. The study underscores the significance of trauma narratives in comprehending personal and historical traumas, asserting that translators of trauma literature must blend theoretical knowledge with social responsibility. They serve as “secondary witnesses,” entrusted with accurately transmitting traumatic stories between languages, fostering empathy, and preventing the repetition of tragedies in history. This approach provides an innovative interpretation of Kokoro and its translations, bridging the realms of literary criticism and translation studies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Kane, George. "Textual Criticism and Middle English Texts.Tim William Machan." Speculum 71, no. 4 (October 1996): 975–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865755.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Huisman, Rosemary. "The discipline of English Literature from the perspective of SFL register." Language, Context and Text 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00005.hui.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe paper first traces the history and elaboration of the tertiary discipline English Literature through the 19th and 20th centuries to the present day, with special focus on the axiology, the values, given to the discipline and with a brief account of literary criticism and literary theory. It then refers to the work on registerial cartography in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and explores the register of the contemporary discipline in first-order field of activity and second-order field of experience, with examples from the language of webpages and exam papers of Australian universities. It continues with a brief overview of the author’s own work using SFL in the study ofthe poeticandthe narrativein English poetry and prose fiction of different historical periods and concludes with a caveat on the central disciplinary process, that of interpretation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Waters, Lindsay. "To Become What One Is." boundary 2 48, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-8821510.

Full text

Abstract:

In the twentieth century, criticism flourished in the academy in the English language from the 1930s to the 1960s, but gradually a hyperprofessionalized discourse purporting to be criticism took its place. The problem was exacerbated because people misunderstand literary theory thinking it superior to criticism. Big mistake. Theory proper begins its life as criticism, criticism that has staying power. Central to criticism as Kant argued is judgment. Judgment is based on feeling provoked by the artwork in our encounters with artworks. This essay talks about the author’s encounter with Mary Gaitskill’s novel Veronica. The critical judgment puts the artwork into a milieu. This essay argues the case for the holism of critical judgments versus what the author calls Bitsiness as Usual, the fragmentation of our understanding of our encounters with artworks. The author subjects both Paul de Man and the New Historicists to severe attacks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ingelbien, Raphaël. "Single or Return, Ladies? The Politics of Translating and Publishing Heine on Shakespeare." Comparative Critical Studies 16, no. 2-3 (October 2019): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2019.0326.

Full text

Abstract:

This article contrasts two English translations of Heinrich Heine's Shakspeares Mädchen und Frauen (1838), produced by Charles Godfrey Leland (1891) and Ida Benecke (1895), which are now regularly (though randomly) quoted in Shakespeare scholarship. The comparison sheds light on different strategies involved in translating a text as an independent document or as part of a ‘Collected Works’ series. The discrepancies between publication contexts are correlated with differences between domesticating and foreignizing approaches, and with the diverging appreciations of Heine's place within Shakespeare criticism that such choices entail. The translators' gender politics are also shown to affect their renderings of Heine's text on female characters in Shakespeare, which was itself indebted to a book by Anna Jameson (1832). Finally, cultural transfer theory and histoire croisée are used to explore a ‘re-transfer’ that involved British Shakespeare critics, an atypical Jewish-German writer who drew on their work, and Heine's ‘English’ translators. The article highlights the necessary imbrication of translation studies and book history in the analysis of complex transcultural forms of textual production, of which Shakespeare criticism is paradigmatic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Brown, Howard Mayer. "Recent Research in the Renaissance: Criticism and Patronage*." Renaissance Quarterly 40, no. 1 (1987): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2861832.

Full text

Abstract:

The book that everyone in musicology is talking about this year—not just those of us working in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries—is Joseph Kerman's Contemplating Music (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985; called simply Musicology in the English edition). In it, Kerman argues against what he calls positivism, which he defines as a rigid and non-judgmental pursuit of dry facts, and in favor of the higher criticism, by which he seems to mean analysis—or at least some penetrating discussion of the way individual pieces work and what makes them great—informed by a sense of history and written in a humanistic style, with a personal commitment on the part of the author to the quality of the music with which he is concerned.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Shaytanov, I. O. "History of Russian translations of fiction in 1800–1825." Voprosy literatury, no. 6 (December 8, 2023): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31425/0042-8795-2023-6-174-179.

Full text

Abstract:

The research is presented in the form close to a fundamentally annotated bibliography demonstrating how European literary experience was advanced in the first quarter of the 19th c. in Russia at the time when contemporary Russian literature was being shaped. Six parts are devoted successively to French, German, English, Italian, Spanish, and classical literatures. The major aspects of research are outlined in an extensive foreword (E. Dmitrieva, M. Koreneva). Highlights include: Comparative analysis of the international contacts of Russian literature; a new interest in the novel, the genre that manifested a new literary taste; publishing and the audience in Russia compared to other European cultures; the birth of literary criticism on the margins of rhetoric; the evolution of a literary taste where gallomania was being substituted by anglo- and germanophilia; the change in the forms of contacts from imitation to stylization in accordance with the formula suggested by Konstantin Batyushkov ‘The stranger’s treasure is mine.’

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Noonkester, Myron C. "The Third British Empire: Transplanting the English Shire to Wales, Scotland, Ireland, and America." Journal of British Studies 36, no. 3 (July 1997): 251–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386137.

Full text

Abstract:

During their hegemony in world affairs, the English exported persons, commodities, and texts to regions that they absorbed into a widening pale of influence. Discussion of these ventures has consumed a vast literature. What once seemed to be a simple matter of transporting Protestantism (or convicts) into an overseas wilderness or making distant lands safe for English farming and trade now seems a matter too complex to be captured in a metaphor or an alliterative catchphrase. Yet it remains a matter of historical fascination that a relatively small archipelago off the coast of Europe not only could become the first “modern” nation-state but could then transform itself into a vast global empire, ultimately making it seem as if the affairs of this proverbial workshop encompassed world history itself. For many years, such success seemed too evident for investigation, and scholarly attention turned toward explaining how this achievement unraveled or declined. The result has been a quest for detailed precision and microhistorical reconstruction on the part of those who have adopted an “empirical,” geopolitical approach to imperialism and an outpouring of criticism from those who, on the opposite end of the ideological spectrum, have penned polemical classics whose evocative, if not evidentiary, power envisioned revolution as historical destiny and a means of filling the intellectual and political void left by imperial evacuation. Their disagreements notwithstanding, however, both categories of imperial commentary display relative innocence of the paradox that imperial power represented: that, despite voluble criticism, it enjoyed eclipsing success for a time and produced effects whose mysteries continue to survive postcolonial deconstruction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Bailey, Amanda. "Melissa E. Sanchez. Erotic Subjects: The Sexuality of Politics in Early Modern English Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. Pp. 304. $74.00 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 2 (April 2013): 523–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.24.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Brannigan, John, Marcela Santos Brigida, Thayane Verçosa, and Gabriela Ribeiro Nunes. "Thinking in Archipelagic Terms: An Interview with John Brannigan." Palimpsesto - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ 20, no. 35 (May 13, 2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/palimpsesto.2021.59645.

Full text

Abstract:

John Brannigan is Professor at the School of English, Drama and Film at University College Dublin. He has research interests in the twentieth-century literatures of Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales, with a particular focus on the relationships between literature and social and cultural identities. His first book, New Historicism and Cultural Materialism (1998), was a study of the leading historicist methodologies in late twentieth-century literary criticism. He has since published two books on the postwar history of English literature (2002, 2003), leading book-length studies of working-class authors Brendan Behan (2002) and Pat Barker (2005), and the first book to investigate twentieth-century Irish literature and culture using critical race theories, Race in Modern Irish Literature and Culture (2009). His most recent book, Archipelagic Modernism: Literature in the Irish and British Isles, 1890-1970 (2014), explores new ways of understanding the relationship between literature, place and environment in 20th-century Irish and British writing. He was editor of the international peer-reviewed journal, Irish University Review, from 2010 to 2016.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Reid, Lindsay Ann. "The (lost) tune of ‘Raging Love’ and its reverberations in Isabella Whitney’s Copy of a Letter." Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 102, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0184767820913284.

Full text

Abstract:

This article argues that Isabella Whitney’s verse epistles ‘To Her Unconstant Lover’ and ‘The Admonition’ in The Copy of a Letter (c. 1566–67) are enmeshed more thoroughly in the early modern English soundscape than previous criticism has tended to acknowledge. Seeking to enrich current understandings of Whitney’s confluences, this article first examines the vibrant musical sphere in which The Copy of a Letter’s printer-publisher Richard Jones was demonstrably immersed before moving on to explore the more specific implications of an acoustically evocative allusion to ‘Raging Love’ (a now-lost Elizabethan ballad melody) in the opening lines of ‘The Admonition’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Roberts, David. "‘As Rude As You Like – Honest’: Theatre Criticism and the Law." New Theatre Quarterly 19, no. 3 (August 2003): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x03000162.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2001, when David Soul sued the Daily Mirror for printing a defamatory review of his West End show, The Dead Monkey, questions surfaced about the critic's rights and responsibilities under the law. There have been numerous accounts in recent years of the relationships between law and literature, and the general assumption is that critics can claim the defence of ‘fair comment’. However, very little work has been done on the history, rationale, and implications of that defence, or on the actions before Soul's in which aggrieved theatre people have attempted to bring critics to account. David Roberts evaluates individual cases from legal history in which the critic's rights have been tested, and considers what they have to tell us about the way our society conceptualizes critical activity. Bourdieu's history of taste is invoked, but modified to show how the law's concern with formalism in its own processes has endorsed a matching version of the critical process. David Roberts is Head of English at the University of Central England, Birmingham.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Suh, Serk-Bae. "The Location of “Korean” Culture: Ch'oe Chaesŏ and Korean Literature in a Time of Transition." Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 1 (February 2011): 53–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911810003001.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay focuses on Ch'oe Chaesŏ, a leading Korean intellectual, active translator of English literary criticism, and editor in chief of Kokumin Bungaku (National Literature), a prominent Japanese-language journal published in colonial Korea. Ch'oe asserted that the unfolding of history in the twentieth century demanded a paradigmatic transition from liberalism to state-centered nationalism in culture. He also privileged everyday life as allowing people to live as members of communities that ultimately are integrated into the state. By positioning Koreans firmly as subjects of the Japanese state, his argument implied that the colonized should be treated on a par with the colonizers. Further, Ch'oe advocated Koreans' cultural autonomy as an ethnic group within the Japanese empire. Tracing Ch'oe's early life and examining his critical essays on nation, culture, and state, the author discusses how his endeavors to establish an autonomous space for Korean culture simultaneously legitimized Japanese colonial control.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Fairer, D. "Historical Criticism and the English Canon: A Spenserian Dispute in the 1750s." Eighteenth-Century Life 24, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-24-2-43.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Mikhailova, Maria, and Sofya Kudritskaya. "Mire’s Interpretation of the Tragic and Paradoxical World of Oscar Wilde." Literatūra 63, no. 2 (November 22, 2021): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2021.63.2.5.

Full text

Abstract:

This article analyzes the reception of the figure of O. Wilde, the 19th-century English writer, and his works in the prose and criticism of Alexandra Mikhailovna Moiseeva (1874-1913), who entered the history of Russian literature of the Silver Age by the name of “Mire”. The study focuses mainly on her story Black Panther (1909), in which the author provides an original perspective on the tragic love episode in Wilde’s life. Attention is also paid to the thematic similarities between the works of Wilde and Mire in terms of genre, plot and literary image, as well as Mire’s interpretation of Wilde’s works in her critical reviews.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Chase, Colin. "The Old English Elegies: New Essays in Criticism and Research. Martin Green." Speculum 60, no. 3 (July 1985): 680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2848198.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Shcherbinina, Yu I. "Teaching Creative Writing within the framework of philology: historical overview." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 29, no. 4 (December 30, 2023): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2023-29-4-173-182.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of the present article is to consider the dialectical relationship between Creative Writing and philology. The relevance of this subject is borne out by the recent surge of interest in teaching Creative Writing among EFL practitioners, writers, as well as teachers and researchers of literature, and the lack of a well-established system of instruction in our country. The materials analyzed in the paper include the works of American theoreticians and practitioners of Creative Writing, who laid the foundation of this discipline in the late 19th – early 20th century, the works of British scholars, as well as the articles on linguodidactics of modern Russian researchers. The paper seeks to point out the issues involved in teaching Creative Writing, such as its place among other disciplines (literary criticism, English studies, English composition, linguodidactics) and its institutional status; its vision as a mere method of teaching or a separate field of investigation. It is shown that the skills and competences developed by Creative Writing programmes are in high demand, and there is a growing need for such courses in Russia. The article aims to demonstrate the features that bring together Creative Writing and philology in the Russian academic context and allow to envisage the incorporation of Creative Writing into the professional training of philologists, in particular those specializing in English studies. The article concludes by highlighting the role creative writing plays in promoting a deeper appreciation of literature, developing productive language skills and raising more competent readers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Carnochan, W. B. "Lee Morrissey. The Constitution of Literature: Literacy, Democracy, and Early English Criticism. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007. Pp. 242. $60.00 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 47, no. 4 (October 2008): 932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592899.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Mishina, L. A. "THE FAMILY PHENOMENON IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN LITERAURE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 355–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-2-355-362.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of the New English family of the 17th century, the first century of the existence of American national literature, presented in the works of early American authors - period insufficiently studied in literary criticism. Untranslated or incompletely translated into Russian works of such religious and public figures, writers as Richard Mather (Diary), Inkris Mather (The Life and Death of the Reverend Richard Mather), Edward Johnson (The Miraculous Providence of the Savior of Zion in New England) , Samuel Sewall (Diary), John Cotton (God’s Promise to His Plantation), Cotton Mather (Life of Mr. Johnatan Burr), are introduced into literary criticism. Being one of the key in the early history and literature of the United States, the theme of the family has the following aspects considered within the framework of the article: the move of families to a new continent, settling in a new place, the status of a father, mother, and child. The process of formation and existence in extreme conditions of a Protestant family is analyzed, the role of the family community in the fulfillment of the sacred mission - the creation of the kingdom of Christ on new lands - is determined. The conclusion is made about the uniqueness of the New English family of the 17th century, which combined the features of both the family structure that developed in European society and those born in the process of American experiments. The idea is emphasized that the disclosure of the family theme by early American authors clearly represents the features of American literature of the 17th century in general. The article uses biographical, structural, cultural and historical methods of literary analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Dubniak, Zlatyslav. "1984 After February 24th: A Philosophical Rereading of Orwell’s Novel." Kyiv-Mohyla Humanities Journal, no. 10 (December 28, 2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/kmhj270983.2023-10.49-67.

Full text

Abstract:

The article offers a philosophical rereading of George Orwell’s novel 1984 in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, in particular after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24th, 2022. In recent decades, the dystopia of the English writer has become not only a model of literary criticism of totalitarianism but also the subject of constant falsifications and censorship for Russian propagandists. This study aims to clarify the primary philosophical content of Orwell’s novel and its heuristic potency to expose the sociopolitical situation in contemporary Russia. The author of the article turns to biographical descriptions and philosophical interpretations of the novel in the works of leading Western scholars to finally draw reasonable analogies between the dystopian world of 1984 and the contemporary Russian Federation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Selim, Samah. "Toward a New Literary History." International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, no. 4 (November 2011): 734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811000973.

Full text

Abstract:

The past twenty years witnessed a dramatic transformation in Arabic literature studies in the United States. In the early 1990s, the field was still almost exclusively a satellite of area studies and largely bound by Orientalist historical and epistemological paradigms. Graduate students—even those wishing to focus entirely on modern literature—were trained to competence in the entire span of the Arabic literary tradition starting with pre-Islamic times, and secondary research languages were still rooted in the philological tradition of classical scholarship. The standard requirement was German, with Spanish as a distant second for those interested in Andalusia, but rarely French, say, or Italian or Russian. Other Middle Eastern languages were mainly conceived as primary-text languages rather than research languages. Philology, traditional literary history, and New Criticism formed the methodological boundaries of research. “Theory”—even when it purported to speak of the world outside Europe—was something that was generated by departments of English and comparative literature on the other side of campus, and crossings were rare and complicated in both the disciplinary and the institutional sense. Of course, one branch of “theory”—postcolonial studies—made its way into area studies much faster than the more eclectic offshoots of continental philosophy, for obvious reasons. From nationalism studies to subaltern studies, from Benedict Anderson to Gayatri Spivak, the wave of postcolonial critical theory that swept through U.S. academia in the 1980s and 1990s sparked an uprising in area studies at large and particularly in the literature disciplines. One of the first casualties of this uprising was the old historical paradigm itself: narratives of rise and fall, golden ages, and ages of decadence. Slowly but surely, scholars began to question the entire epistemological edifice through which Arabic literary history had been constructed by Orientalism. It was through the postcolonial theory of the 1980s that Arabic literature came to a broader rapprochement with poststructuralism: Foucault, Derrida, Ricoeur, Jameson, and White, to name a few of the major thinkers who began to transform the field in the late 1990s.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Booth, Alison, and Isabel Bielat. "A Mid-Range Team of Rivals: Women Novelists in the Collective Biographies of Women Database." Victorian Studies 65, no. 1 (September 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/victorianstudies.65.1.03.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: A collaborative, interdisciplinary study (English, history) of the authors, subjects, contents, and substance of a key early collection of criticism of women novelists, tied to the Queen’s 1897 Jubilee. Famous or obscure women novelists assess the work of deceased peers, censuring most those who are now canonical. Attending to the style and orientation of particular chapters and some research in publishing history, we suggest varied textual and quantitative approaches, drawing on our database of 1,272 collective biographies of women to explore what we can discover from one book carefully contextualized, instead of distant reading in a much larger corpus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Booth, Alison, and Isabel Bielat. "A Mid-Range Team of Rivals: Women Novelists in the Collective Biographies of Women Database." Victorian Studies 65, no. 1 (September 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/vic.2022.a901281.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: A collaborative, interdisciplinary study (English, history) of the authors, subjects, contents, and substance of a key early collection of criticism of women novelists, tied to the Queen’s 1897 Jubilee. Famous or obscure women novelists assess the work of deceased peers, censuring most those who are now canonical. Attending to the style and orientation of particular chapters and some research in publishing history, we suggest varied textual and quantitative approaches, drawing on our database of 1,272 collective biographies of women to explore what we can discover from one book carefully contextualized, instead of distant reading in a much larger corpus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

CRAIG, DAVID M. "THE CROWNED REPUBLIC? MONARCHY AND ANTI-MONARCHY IN BRITAIN, 1760–1901." Historical Journal 46, no. 1 (March 2003): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x02002893.

Full text

Abstract:

In the last two decades historians have been increasingly interested in the modernization of the monarchy, and the nature of the republican threat. This review evaluates some of this recent literature. The first section argues that while Walter Bagehot's views about ceremony in The English constitution (1867) have influenced historical writing, these approaches do not yield much information about what the monarchy actually meant to people. The second section turns to the political powers of the monarchy, and examines the wide range of views about what the constitutional limits of royal power were. It also shows that even radical writers were often unable to dispel the monarchy from their imaginations. Finally, the review suggests that criticism of the royal family was not necessarily republican, and arose more from concern that particular figures were failing to conform to shared public values. Pure republicans were few, and did not usually focus their energies on the monarchy, but rather on the nature of parliamentary representation and the power of the Lords.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Roberts, David. "Ravishing Strides: Signs of the Peripatetic in Early Modern Performance." New Theatre Quarterly 17, no. 1 (February 2001): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00014299.

Full text

Abstract:

Actors' feet are accepted as part of their expressive equipment – but doubts are often expressed that this has always been so. The evidence of early English theatre history is adduced to suggest otherwise, while recent treatments of the peripatetic in literary studies argue that the ‘visible walk’ attains prominence only in the Romantic period. But David Roberts argues that, from the emergence of permanent theatres, walking offered a metonymy for performance which persisted throughout the seventeenth century. Cross-dressing highlighted the expressive potential of the feet, while close examination of play-texts implies evolving styles of the peripatetic in performance, and the scenic theatres of the Restoration frequently portrayed walking as a cultural activity bound up with the status of both actors and scenery in post-revolutionary London. David Roberts teaches English and Drama at University College Worcester, and has published widely on theatre and literature from 1550 to 1789. He leads an AHRB-funded project on theatre criticism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Anih, Uchenna Bethrand. "Une redéfinition du féminisme africain dans Femme nue, femme noire de Calixthe Beyala, romancière à contre-courant." International Journal of Francophone Studies 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfs_00056_5.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the issues of literary impudence and homosexuality so much repudiated by African feminist theorists in Calixthe Beyala’s erotic novel, Femme nue, femme noire. It reflects on the pertinence of using African feminist ideologies in the criticism of Beyala’s fictions considering the fact her novelistic themes run contrary to the African feminist postulation where homosexuality, sex work and other transgressive tendencies constitute a strange and imported phenomenon. This article analyses the radicalization of African feminism through a close reading of Calixthe Beyala’s Femme nue, femme noire by highlighting recourse to subversion as a radical tendency in Beyala’s writings, which consists not only subverting the status quo through engaging in taboo-related discourse but also defending the sexual independence of the modern African woman as a form of emancipation. It concludes that the novel exhibits a new African feminism which is neither adapted to the collective feminist ethics nor to the African literary canon but to the individual feminine reality aimed at the total emancipation of the African woman.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Matyjaszczyk, Joanna. "Struggles with Dramatic Form in 16th-Century English Biblical Plays." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 31/1 (October 2022): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.31.1.01.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the article is to pinpoint how 16th-century biblical drama tried to appropriate its genre and medium to carry the reformist message and in what sense the project turned out to be a self-defeating one. The analysis of selected plays from reformed biblical cycles (The Chester Mystery Cycle, play iv; and “The Norwich Grocers’ Play”) and newly composed drama (John Bale’s plays, Lewis Wager’s Life and Repentaunce of Marie Magdalene, the anonymous “History of Jacob and Esau”), supported with an over- view of the criticism on the matter, reveals some common tensions in the dramatic texts which may have had their roots in the reformist need to eliminate any room for doubt that a theatrical performance could leave. The conclusion is that, in its attempts at striking the right balance between dramatizing and overt sermonizing, engaging and distancing, as well as providing an immersive experience and discouraging it, post-Reformation Scrip- ture-based drama oscillated between being more effective as a performance or as a carrier of the doctrinal message, with the resulting tendency to subvert either the former or the latter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Wolwacz, Andrea Ferras. "TOM PAULIN'S POETRY OF TROUBLES." Organon 34, no. 67 (December 9, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2238-8915.96943.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper is part of my PhD thesis. It examines contemporary Northern Irish Literature written in English with the help of the theoretical approach of Irish Studies. It aims to introduce and make a critique of poetry written by Tom Paulin, a contemporary British poet who is regarded one of the major Protestant Irish writers to emerge from Ulster province. The thread pursued in this analysis relates to an investigation of how ideological discourses and the issues of identity are represented in the poet’s work. The author’s critical evaluation of existing ideologies and identities and his attempt to respond to them will also be analyzed. Four poems from three different collections are investigate. Paulin’s poems function as testimonies, denouncement and criticism of the Irish history.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

ROLLS, ALISTAIR. "Primates in Paris and Edgar Allan Poe’s Paradoxical Commitment to Foreign Languages." Australian Journal of French Studies 58, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2021.07.

Full text

Abstract:

Drawing on recent innovations in detective criticism in France, this article broadens the quest to exonerate Poe’s famous orang-utan and argues that the Urtext of modern Anglo-American crime fiction is simultaneously a rejection of linguistic dominance (of English in this case) and an apologia for modern languages. This promotion of linguistic diversity goes hand in hand with the wilful non-self-coincidence of Poe’s detection narrative, which recalls, and pre-empts, the who’s-strangling-whom? paradox of deconstructionist criticism. Although “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” is prescient, founding modern crime fiction for future generations, it is entwined with a nineteenth-century tradition of sculpture that not only poses men fighting with animals but also inverts classical scenarios, thereby questioning the binary of savagery versus civilization and investing animals with the strength to kill humans while also positing them as the victims of human violence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Burney, Fatima. "Strategies of Sound and Stringing in Ebenezer Pocock's West–East Verse." Comparative Critical Studies 17, no. 2 (June 2020): 319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0365.

Full text

Abstract:

In an effort to capture how Orientalist translations, imitations and criticism of Asian poetry came to inform the idealization of lyric as a universal genre, this paper focuses on the practice of poetic metre in the nineteenth century. How did Victorian conceptions of recitational communities, bounded by shared ‘national’ metres, square against the wealth of translated works that were a major component of Victorian print culture? The amateur Orientalist Ebenezer Pocock explained various metres and musical practices associated with ‘Persian lyrics’ in his book Flowers of the East (1833) and offered equivalent metres in English before replicating these shared English/Persian metres in his own imitative poem ‘The Khanjgaruh: A Fragment’. This article sketches how Pocock's casting of this hybrid material in metres that would already have been recognizable to his English readers seems to have the intended effect of both orienting his work towards his domestic audience and grounding such a flexible approach within the Persian tradition itself. Pocock's poem sits amongst a range of accompanying materials including translations of Sa‘dī and scholarly essays on comparative philology and Persian literary history. Each of these different pieces supports the collection's greater effort – best encapsulated by ‘The Khanjgaruh’ – to both remember and imagine the shared poetic history between Asia and Europe. Pocock's writing thus emblemizes how the nineteenth-century ‘West–East lyric’ was a product of both historical and philological recovering as well as the willed creation of poets and poetry enthusiasts. As a category, lyric performs a binding function in Pocock's work to pull together a linguistically and professionally diverse community of writers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!