Relevant bibliographies by topics / Erosioni

Academic literature on the topic 'Erosioni'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Erosioni"

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Cabras, Marco, Alessio Gambino, Dora Karimi, Roberto Broccoletti, and Paolo G. Arduino. "Erosioni multiple del cavo orale." Dental Cadmos 87, no. 06 (June 2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.19256/d.cadmos.06.2019.03.

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Sarraj, A., G. Mergoni, M. Manfredi, E. Merigo, M. Meleti, T. Simonazzi, I. Giovannacci, E. Silini, and P. Vescovi. "Placche ed erosioni della mucosa orale associate a disturbi intestinali." Dental Cadmos 83, no. 2 (February 2015): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8524(15)70268-0.

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Derchi, G., V. Borgia, M. Manca, A. Barone, and U. Covani. "Trattamento delle erosioni dentali con tecniche adesive: provvisorizzazione immediata estetico-funzionale. Caso clinico." Dental Cadmos 85, no. 02 (February 2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.19256/d.cadmos.02.2017.07.

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Picornell, Mercè. "Contra l'alteritat. L'erosió de la dicotomia jo/altre a «La pell de la frontera» (2016), de Francesc Serés." Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia, no. 65 (September 28, 2018): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/caplletra.65.12617.

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En aquest article em propòs reflexionar sobre la recerca de mecanismes de representació literària de la diferència cultural i econòmica que es proposen erosionar la separació que justifica la dicotomia jo/altre. Ho faré a partir de l'estudi d'un cas concret: el volum La pell de la frontera (2014) de Francesc Serés. Aquest llibre contribuí a difondre la situació desesperada de molts migrants, així com també a denunciar la desatenció institucional davant d’uns canvis socials, econòmics i demogràfics que han modificat d’arrel la composició de molts pobles del Baix Cinca i del Segrià. En la meva lectura partiré de la hipòtesi que la representació dels objectes emprats i dels escenaris ruïnosos serveix a Serés per bastir un relat sobre el contacte amb la diferència que erosioni la barra mateixa de la dicotomia jo/altre. Estructuraré la meva interpretació en tres parts, on estudiaré: a) el procés de desplaçament de la posició d'autor, b) l’ús dels objectes usats com a lloc de contacte amb un altre que no es vol representar com a tal i c) l'erosió de la identitat de l'autor i de la representativitat de l'altre en un marc col·lectiu.
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Riccitiello, F., R. Valentino, D. A. Telesca, S. Ruggiero, A. Riccitiello, and L. Sivero. "Prevalenza di erosioni dentali e lesioni esofagee in pazienti affetti da malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo." Dental Cadmos 85, no. 03 (March 2017): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.19256/d.cadmos.03.2017.08.

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Perl, M., C. Levy, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Multiple Axial Erosions on the Fatigue Life of Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 3 (February 5, 2001): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1372325.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded, autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is simulated as a two-dimensional problem and is solved via the finite element method. Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack lengths, a0/t=0.01-0.45 emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometries, namely, (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t=0.05-0.4; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h=0.5-1.5, and erosion span angle, α, from 6 deg to 360 deg. The effective SIF for relatively short cracks is found to be increased by the presence of the erosion, which in turn may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life of up to an order of magnitude. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion.
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Levy, C., M. Perl, and H. Fang. "Cracks Emanating From an Erosion in a Pressurized Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Cylinder—Part I: Semi-Circular and Arc Erosions." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842342.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from the erosion’s deepest point in an autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is solved via the FEM method and knowledge of the asymptotic behavior of short cracks. Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack lengths, a0/W = 0.01 – 0.45, emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometries. In Part I of this paper, two configurations are considered: (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 5 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, W; and (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/W = 0.05 – 0.4. While deep cracks are almost unaffected by the erosion, the effective SIF for relatively short cracks is found to be significantly enhanced by the presence and geometry of the erosion and might reduce the vessel’s fatigue life.
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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Multiple Axial Erosions on a Three-Dimensional Crack in Determining the Fatigue Life of Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 1 (May 22, 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1386656.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded, autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is solved via the finite element method (FEM). Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a0/t=0.01-0.40, and crack ellipticities, a0/c=0.5-1.5, emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometry, namely: (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t=0.05-0.4; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h=0.3-2.0. The erosion separation angle, α, is taken from 7 to 360 deg. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion. The effective SIF for relatively short cracks is enhanced by the presence, separation distance and geometry of the erosion, as well as the crack geometry, and may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life of up to an order of magnitude.
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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Finite Three-Dimensional Multiple Axial Erosions on the Fatigue Life of Partially Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1616582.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from the farthest erosion’s deepest point in a multiply, finite-length or full-length eroded, partially autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder is investigated. The problem is solved via the FEM method. Autofrettage, based on von Mises’ yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs were evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a/t=0.01-0.30 and crack ellipticities, a/c=0.5-1.5 emanating from the tip of the erosion of various geometries, namely, (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10% of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t=0.05-0.3; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h=0.5-1.5. In the cases of finite erosions, the semi-erosion length to the semi-crack length, Le/c, was between two and ten, erosion angular spacing, α, was between 7 and 120 degrees, whereas percent autofrettage investigated included 30%, 60%, and 100%. The normalized SIFs and the normalized effective SIFs of a crack emanating from the farthest finite erosion are found to rise sharply for values of Le/c<3. Both the normalized SIF and normalized effective SIF values are mitigated as the amount of partial autofrettage increases with the most rapid decrease occurring between 0–60% autofrettage. The purpose of this study is to detail these findings.
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Sharma, Rohit, Ashish Mehrotra, Vinit K. Sharma, Zafar Iqbal, and Kunal Nigam. "A Retrospective Study of Bony Erosion Patterns in Cases of Fungal Rhinosinusitis." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 9, no. 2 (2016): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1269.

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ABSTRACT Erosion of bone with or without extension of disease into adjacent anatomic spaces is observed among some patients with fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Preoperative computed tomographies is very important to determine the sites of bony erosion. Patients with bony erosions are classified based on the involved subsite and the extent of erosion. Bony erosions was seen in 37.5% cases. Six patients were having bone erosions on CT scan. 40 % erosions were present in patients belonging to younger age group. Erosion of sinus boundaries were more common in male patients (60%). The ethmoid sinus complex was most commonly involved (46.6%). This was followed in frequency of involvement by the maxillary sinus (26.6%), the sphenoid sinus (20%) and the frontal sinus (6.6%). The most common site of erosion was the lamina papyracea (33.3%), followed by the medial maxillary wall (20%). Bony erosions due to FRS were mainly due to long-term mechanical compression by the fungal mass. A case of chronic rhinosinusitis with bony erosions in CT scan may indicate a fungal etiology. How to cite this article Sharma VK, Sharma R, Mehrotra A, Iqbal Z, Nigam K. A Retrospective Study of Bony Erosion Patterns in Cases of Fungal Rhinosinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):62-64.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Erosioni"

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Caputo, Antonella <1978&gt. "Erosioni dentali nei bambini affetti da GERD." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4088/1/Caputo_Antonella_tesi.pdf.

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L’erosione dentale è definita come una perdita progressiva e irreversibile dei tessuti duri del dente, a causa di un processo chimico che non coinvolge i batteri. La sua prevalenza è accresciuta negli ultimi anni nella popolazione generale, particolarmente nei bambini e negli adolescenti e rappresenta attualmente un’enorme sfida per la cura della salute orale. L'eziologia delle erosioni è difficile da diagnosticare perché può essere il risultato di una varietà di fattori e si può manifestare in maniera differente in base alla causa che l’ha determinata. L’eziologia può essere intrinseca, cioè derivante dal contenuto acido dello stomaco associato a disordini alimentari come l’anoressia, la bulimia nervosa, il reflusso gastro-esofageo e il regurgito, o estrinseca, derivante dal contenuto acido proveniente dall’ambiente esterno (cibi dietetici, bevande analcoliche, succhi di frutta, ecc). L’erosione è particolarmente frequente nei bambini e poiché i soggetti che presentano erosioni in dentizione decidua hanno un rischio aumentato di manifestare erosioni in dentizione permanente, una diagnosi precoce e una prevenzione attuata in tenera età, aiuterà a prevenire il danno a carico dei denti permanenti. Inoltre se l’erosione dentale non è controllata e stabilizzata, il bambino potrebbe soffrire di severe perdite di superfici dentali, sensibilità dentale, malocclusione, inestetismi o anche ascessi dentali dei denti affetti. Lo studio caso-controllo è stato condotto dalla Sezione di Odontostomatologia del Dipartimento Testa - Collo, in collaborazione con l’Unità Operativa Complessa di Gastroenterologia Pediatrica dell’Azienda Ospedaliera-Univesitaria di Parma. Il gruppo di studio comprende 60 pazienti di età compresa tra i 4 e i 13 anni. Dei 60 bambini arruolati, 30 presentano sintomi e storia clinica di GERD, mentre gli altri 30 sono bambini sani senza alcun sintomo di GERD o di altri disturbi gastrointestinali. Il gruppo campione A include anche soggetti affetti, oltre che dal reflusso gastro-esofageo, da varie forme di disabilità, in alcune delle quali il GERD sembra essere parte del quadro sindromico. I risultati ottenuti dallo studio hanno dimostrato una prevalenza maggiore di erosioni dentali nel gruppo di bambini affetti da GERD, rispetto ai bambini sani, in accordo con quanto riportato dalla letteratura.
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Caputo, Antonella <1978&gt. "Erosioni dentali nei bambini affetti da GERD." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4088/.

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L’erosione dentale è definita come una perdita progressiva e irreversibile dei tessuti duri del dente, a causa di un processo chimico che non coinvolge i batteri. La sua prevalenza è accresciuta negli ultimi anni nella popolazione generale, particolarmente nei bambini e negli adolescenti e rappresenta attualmente un’enorme sfida per la cura della salute orale. L'eziologia delle erosioni è difficile da diagnosticare perché può essere il risultato di una varietà di fattori e si può manifestare in maniera differente in base alla causa che l’ha determinata. L’eziologia può essere intrinseca, cioè derivante dal contenuto acido dello stomaco associato a disordini alimentari come l’anoressia, la bulimia nervosa, il reflusso gastro-esofageo e il regurgito, o estrinseca, derivante dal contenuto acido proveniente dall’ambiente esterno (cibi dietetici, bevande analcoliche, succhi di frutta, ecc). L’erosione è particolarmente frequente nei bambini e poiché i soggetti che presentano erosioni in dentizione decidua hanno un rischio aumentato di manifestare erosioni in dentizione permanente, una diagnosi precoce e una prevenzione attuata in tenera età, aiuterà a prevenire il danno a carico dei denti permanenti. Inoltre se l’erosione dentale non è controllata e stabilizzata, il bambino potrebbe soffrire di severe perdite di superfici dentali, sensibilità dentale, malocclusione, inestetismi o anche ascessi dentali dei denti affetti. Lo studio caso-controllo è stato condotto dalla Sezione di Odontostomatologia del Dipartimento Testa - Collo, in collaborazione con l’Unità Operativa Complessa di Gastroenterologia Pediatrica dell’Azienda Ospedaliera-Univesitaria di Parma. Il gruppo di studio comprende 60 pazienti di età compresa tra i 4 e i 13 anni. Dei 60 bambini arruolati, 30 presentano sintomi e storia clinica di GERD, mentre gli altri 30 sono bambini sani senza alcun sintomo di GERD o di altri disturbi gastrointestinali. Il gruppo campione A include anche soggetti affetti, oltre che dal reflusso gastro-esofageo, da varie forme di disabilità, in alcune delle quali il GERD sembra essere parte del quadro sindromico. I risultati ottenuti dallo studio hanno dimostrato una prevalenza maggiore di erosioni dentali nel gruppo di bambini affetti da GERD, rispetto ai bambini sani, in accordo con quanto riportato dalla letteratura.
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Garcia-Chevesich, Pablo Andres. "Erosion Processes and Control." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195844.

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This dissertation represents a unique contribution to the Spanish literature of soil erosion. The author of this document has written and published "Procesos y control de la erosion", a textbook about the engineering of soil erosion processes and the design of the most up-to-date methods and products used for erosion control. The text has been presented in Appendix A.Besides the above, the author of this dissertation is an active committee member at the International Erosion Control Association (IECA), specifically the International Development and the SOIL Fund programs. IECA members are drawn from individuals and erosion control business of different sizes. However, there was a lack of knowledge within IECA members about the formation of post-fire water repellent layers. For instance, Appendix B is represented by an article written by the author of this document, published in Environmental Connection (Volume 2, Issue 3), on July of 2008. The article gives a general description of what post-fire water repellency is, how is it formed, what factors affect it, its consequences on soil erosion, and how to control soil erosion on an efficient way when such a layer has been formed as a consequence of fire.Finally, Appendix C is a research paper in process of submission to the International Journal of Wildland Fire, about the formation of post-fire water repellent layers on Chilean Monterrey pine plantations. Since water repellent layers following wildfires have never been documented on Chilean soils, the need for such a publication is urgent, because Chilean land managers have been ignorant of such phenomenon.
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Hamlin, Lauren Kearns. "Erosion." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05282009-130629/.

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Lönnborg, Pernilla. "Erosion." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168677.

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Byggnader är under ständig förändring. Den omkringliggande miljön orsakar en nedbrytning i form av vittring. Material som bryts ner. Vi vet att en byggnad inte kommer att finns för alltid så vad händer om vi låter nedbrytningen vara en tillgång. Naturens processer ger oss perspektiv på tid. Årstider som följer varandra. Berg som eroderar och formeras. Hur kan man förstärka upplevelsen av tid och rum genom en byggnad som tillåts interagera med den omkringliggande miljön och vara under ständig förändring?
Buildings are constantly changing. The surrounding environment partly causes a breakdown through weathering. Materials that breaks down. We know that a building won’t stand forever so what happens if we turn the decomposition to an asset? The process of nature gives us perspective of time. Seasons that follows each other. Rocks that erodes and forms. How can we enhance the experience of time through a building that allows integrating with the surrounding environment and being in constant change?
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Slotte, Mikael. "Erosion." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146183.

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Rosenlunds sandbankar är ett naturskyddsområde mellan Jönköping och Huskvarna som rasar med ungefär 30 cm per år. Platsen tillåts att årligen krympa men inte att användas. Det görs inga större ansatser för att dokumentera den för framtida generationer eller synliggöra den för nu levande generationer. I detta examensarbete undersöks ett naturligt fenomen som kommer att påverka civilisationer i tusentals år. Examensarbetet syftar i första hand till att återintroducera en bortglömd plats och beskriva hur den förändras i tid och rum. Med hjälp av studier om erosion, landhöjning, istid och med hjälp av fältstudier tolkas platsens förgänglighet i fotografier och i en serie ritningar. Därefter föreslås ett promenadstråk där det direkt går att beskåda de geologiska processer som omformar platsen. Stråket knyts ihop över tre terränger – sandbank, strandkant och sjö. Den enkla konstruktionen består av balkar och trädäck som placeras på träpålar och gabioner. Konstruktionens livstid är i ett idealfall detsamma som platsens – pelare kommer att ruttna, delar av platsen kommer att växa igen och i ett längre tidsperspektiv kommer branten att flackas ut. Under hela konstruktionens livstid kommer den att kunna användas för att tolka de processer som pågår på platsen och spegla platsens unika förgänglighet.
Rosenlunds sandbankar is a nature reserve between Jönköping and Huskvarna eroding about 30 cm per year. It is allowed to annually shrink but not to be used. There are no major attempts to document it for future generations or to make it visible for the present. This thesis examines a natural phenomenon that will affect civilizations for thousands of years. The work is primarily aimed at reintroducing a forgotten site and describe how it changes in time and space. Using studies of erosion, land uplift, ice age and with the help of field studies the site's transformation is interpreted in photographs and a series of drawings. I propose a promenade where the geological processes that transform the site can be observed and followed. The footpath connects three terrains - sand bluff, shore and lake. The structure consists of beams and decking placed on wooden piles and gabions. In an ideal case it will exist as long as the site itself. Pillars will rot, parts of the site will be overgrown, and in the longer term, the slope will flatten out. During its life span, the structure can be used to interpret the processes and reflect the site's unique transience.
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Dotson, Matthew. "Erosion." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/490.

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In my work I am often drawn to relatively simple systems that unfold before the listener. In Erosion, there are several of these processes which unfold simultaneously. The piece begins with a pitch cluster that gradually spreads into total chromatic saturation (about half-way through the piece) before shrinking back into clusters. As this is happening there is, on a macro level, a gradual speeding of events throughout the entire duration of the work. The interactions between this linear progression in the time domain and the (relatively) cyclical progression in the frequency domain form the main dialogue of the work.
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Lucchese, Antonio. "Analisi dei fenomeni di erosione interna nei rilevati arginali del fiume Panaro." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Il lavoro di tesi ha come oggetto di studio i fenomeni di erosione interna che possono interessare le opere in materiali sciolti, facendo particolare riferimento ai rilevati arginali. Si inquadrano le generalità degli argini, i possibili meccanismi di rottura e quali sono i differenti meccanismi di erosione interna che possono interessare una sezione arginale. Inoltre, il lavoro illustra le varie categorie di test che permettono di stimare l’erodibilità di un terreno, dedicando maggiore attenzione all’Hole Erosion Test (HET): si descrive il funzionamento e la teoria della prova standard (UNSW); viene illustrata la riproduzione dell’Hole Erosion Test presente in Boretto (RE) con annessa analisi critica. Infine, vengono illustrati i risultati ottenuti dalle analisi di filtrazione e di stabilità applicate ad un caso reale: la sezione trasversale, in sinistra idraulica, dello stante uno a valle della cassa di espansione del fiume Panaro. La sezione oggetto di verifiche è stata ipotizzata sia intatta, ma anche caratterizzata dalla presenza di tana in modo da poter commentare l’influenza che questa genera sul fenomeno di erosione interna e sulla stabilità. Infine, è stato applicato un modello analitico semplificato (Bezzazi et al., 2010) alla sezione oggetto di studio. Tale modello ha consentito di stimare la vulnerabilità della sezione al fenomeno di erosione interna, sotto l’ipotesi di lavoro che il cunicolo della tana comunicasse il petto con la schiena dell’argine.
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Laqui, Calizaya Fernando Ramiro. "Estimación de la erosión y transporte potencial de sedimentos hasta el eje de la futura represa Callazas en sub-cuenca del río Callazas en la región Tacna-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626410.

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La investigación consiste en la estimación de la tasa potencial media de erosión hídrica (ton/ha. año) y el volumen promedio del transporte potencial de sedimentos en millones de metros cúbicos (MMC) en proyección a 50 años hasta el eje de la futura represa Callazas. La delimitación del área de estudio se ubica desde aguas abajo de la laguna Suches hasta el eje de la futura represa Callazas denominada subcuenca Callazas Zona 1. Se estima que la tasa de erosión hídrica promedio con la metodología de USLE a nivel conceptual es 108.9 (ton/ha. Año) y con herramienta GIS un valor de 64.3 (ton/ha. año), el cual se considera una erosión ligera/moderada. Asimismo, se estima el volumen de sedimentos del vaso proyectado de la represa Callazas con el valor de 0.372 MMC del registro histórico de 50 años con USLE y con la fórmula de transporte total de sedimentos de Englund-Hansen la estimación de 0.485 MMC en proyección a 50 años de operación. Por tanto, por un factor de seguridad de resultados se complementan las 2 metodologías con un volumen muerto de 0.857 MMC. El resultado preliminar se podría considerar aceptable ya que el estudio de factibilidad de la represa Callazas estima 11.5 MMC de volumen de almacenamiento y 1 MMC de volumen muerto, el cual resulta menor al volumen muerto proyectado.
The research consists in estimating the average potential rate of water erosion (ton / ha. Year) and the average volume of potential sediment transport in millions of cubic meters (MMC) in projection at 50 years to the axis of the future dam Callazas. The delimitation of the study area is located from downstream of the Suches lagoon to the axis of the future Callazas dam called Callazas sub-basin Zone 1. It is estimated that the average water erosion rate with the USLE methodology at the average conceptual level is 108.9 (ton / ha. year) and with GIS tool an average of 64.3 (ton / ha. year), which is considered a light / moderate erosion. Likewise, the volume of sediments of the projected vessel of the Callazas dam is estimated with the value of 0.372 MMC of the historical record of 50 years with USLE and with the formula of total transport of sediments of Englund-Hansen the estimate of 0.485 MMC in projection to 50 years of operation. Therefore, the 2 methodologies area complemented by a safety factor of results with a dead volume of 0.857 MMC. The preliminary result could be considered acceptable since the feasibility study of the Callazas dam estimates 11.5 MMC of storage volume and 1 MMC of dead volume, which is less than the projected dead volume.
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Schmidt, Walter, and Marcus Schindewolf. "Erosion 3D Sachsen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-38172.

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Für die Erstellung von Bewirtschaftungs- und Maßnahmenplänen (FFH, EU-WRRL) ist es erforderlich, den bislang noch sehr hohen Aufwand für die Datenbeschaffung und -generierung im Rahmen der Modellierung mit EROSION 3D zu senken. Erreicht werden soll eine schnellere sowie effizientere Abschätzung von Landnutzungsänderungen, Landschaftseingriffen, des Klimawandels usw. auf Oberflächenabfluss, Bodenabtrag sowie Sedimenteintrag in Gewässer mit EROSION 3D. Im vorliegenden Projekt ist es gelungen, Parametrisierung und Modellanwendung so zu kombinieren, dass eine Bodenabtragssimulation mit dem Modell EROSION 3D flächendeckend für Sachsen mit vertretbarem Zeitaufwand durchführbar ist. Der korrigierte und angepasste Geo-Basisdatensatz liefert die Primärinformationen zur Datenbankabfrage der Parametrisierungssoftware DPROC. Durch eine interaktive Flächenauswahl, kombiniert mit einem Flächendatenzuschnitt, können Landnutzungs- und Bearbeitungsszenarien für hydrologische Einzugsgebiete oder Oberflächenwasserkörper schnell parametrisiert werden. Die grundlegend korrigierte und erweiterte Datenbank des DPROC erlaubt die verbesserte Abschätzung erosionsrelevanter Bodenparameter, besonders für die dauerhaft konservierende Bodenbearbeitung und die Direktsaat. Die umfangreiche Dokumentation der Arbeitsschritte und die Transparenz der Datenbank ermöglichen es, jederzeit Aktualisierungen (Geo-Basisdaten) und Erweiterungen (DPROC-Datenbank) vorzunehmen. Von den Projektergebnissen profitieren vor allem die Anwender des Programms EROSION 3D. Beim Druck des Dokumentes ist zu beachten, dass die Karten im Format DIN A3 erstellt wurden.
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Books on the topic "Erosioni"

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Zaro, Mariano. Poems of erosion: Poemas de la erosión. San Francisco, CA: Carayan Press, 2003.

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Castelló, Manuel Rodríguez i. Erosions. [Valencia, Spain]: Amós Belinchón, Ed., 1994.

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Erosion. [Chanhassen, MN]: Child's World, 1999.

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Erosion. Minneapolis, MN: Carolrhoda Books, 1999.

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Zappa, Marcia. Erosion. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co., 2011.

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Pelleschi, Andrea. Erosion. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.

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Erosion. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co., 2011.

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Erosion. Vero Beach, Florida]: Rourke Educational Media, 2015.

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Montalais, Jacques de. Erosion. Paris: Le Pont de l'Epee, 1985.

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Riley, Joelle. Erosion. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Erosioni"

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Roth, Lawrence O., and Harry L. Field. "Erosion and Erosion Control." In An Introduction to Agricultural Engineering: A Problem-Solving Approach, 218–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1425-7_18.

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Roth, Lawrence O., and Harry L. Field. "Erosion and Erosion Control." In Introduction to Agricultural Engineering, 218–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3594-2_18.

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Field, Harry L., and John M. Long. "Erosion and Erosion Control." In Introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology, 279–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69679-9_18.

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Zorn, Matija, and Blaž Komac. "Erosion." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 288–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_120.

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Jahren, Per, and Tongbo Sui. "Erosion." In How Water Influences Our Lives, 161–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1938-8_8.

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Brady, Roland H. "Erosion." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_114-1.

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Weik, Martin H. "erosion." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 536. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6393.

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Schuurs, Albert. "Erosion." In Pathology of the Hard Dental Tissues, 156–72. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118702659.ch6.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Erosion." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 273. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4496.

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Brady, Roland H. "Erosion." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 302–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_114.

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Conference papers on the topic "Erosioni"

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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Finite Three Dimensional Multiple Axial Erosions on the Fatigue Life of Partially Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1160.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from the farthest erosion’s deepest point in a finitely or fully multiply eroded, partially autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder is investigated. The problem is solved via the FEM method. Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs were evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a/t = 0.01 – 0.30 and crack ellipticities, a/c = 0.5 – 1.5 emanating from the tip of the erosion of various geometries, namely, a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10% of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t = 0.05 – 0.3; and C) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h = 0.5 – 1.5. In the cases of finite erosions, the semi-erosion length to the semicrack length, Le/c, was between 2 and 10, erosion angular spacing, α, was between 7 and 120 degrees, whereas autofrettage effects investigated were for 30%, 60% and 100% autofrettage. The normalized SIFs and the normalized effective SIFs of a crack emanating from the farthest finite erosion are found to rise sharply for values of Le/c < 3. Both the normalized SIF and normalized effective SIF values are mitigated as the amount of partial autofrettage increases with the most rapid decrease occurring between 0–60% autofrettage. The purpose of this study is to detail these findings.
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Ma, Q., C. Levy, and M. Perl. "Stress Concentration and Stress Intensity for Pressurized Eroded Autofrettaged Thick Cylinders With Bauschinger Effect." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25607.

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Our previous studies have shown that stress intensity factors (SIFs) are influenced considerably from the presence of the Bauschinger Effect (BE) in thick-walled pressurized cracked cylinders. For some types of pressure vessels, such as gun barrels, working in corrosive environment, in addition to acute temperature gradients and repetitive high-pressure impulses, erosions can be practically induced. Those erosions cause stress concentration at the bore, where cracks can readily initiate and propagate. In this study, The BE on the SIFs will be investigated for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded autofrettaged, pressurized thick-walled cylinder. A commercial finite element package, ANSYS, was employed to perform this type of analysis. A two-dimensional model, analogous to the authors’ previous studies, has been adopted for this new investigation. Autofrettage with and without BE, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and the SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. The SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack lengths, a0/t = 0.01–0.45 emanating from the tip of the erosion of different geometries including (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t = 0.05–0.4; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h = 0.5–1.5, and erosion span angle, α, from 6 deg to 360 deg. The effective SIFs for relatively short cracks are found to be increased by the presence of the erosion and further increased due to the BE, which may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion, but are considerably affected by BE.
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Ma, Q., C. Levy, and M. Perl. "The Combined Effect of a Finite Axial Erosion With Bauschinger Modified Autofrettage on the 3D SIFs of Pressurized Cylinders." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28033.

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Autofrettage is the process to introduce favorable residual compressive hoop stresses on the bore of a pressurized cylinder to enhance its strength and durability. For certain type of pressurized vessels under certain severe operating conditions, erosions and cracks often occur causing significant reduction in pressure vessel fatigue life. Those erosions and cracks are in general 3D geometrical configurations. The Stress Intensity Factors (SIFs) of the cracks are often the key to estimate the fatigue life. However the SIFs are largely dependent on not only the crack geometrical configurations but also the geometrical configurations of the erosions introduced during its operation. The Bauschinger effect on the SIFs further complicates the analysis. In this study, a closer look is taken at how a finite axial erosion in combination with the Bauschinger modified autofrettage properties affect the 3D SIFs. The problem is solved via the finite element method (FEM). The SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack depth, different crack configurations and erosion geometrical configurations including arc erosion, semi-circular and semi-elliptical erosions. We show that the effective SIFs can be increased significantly by any of these factors but the combined effect often worsens the situation.
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Ma, Q., C. Levy, and M. Perl. "The Bauschinger Effect’s Influence on the SIFs of a Semi-Elliptical Crack Emanating From an Erosion at the Bore of a Fully Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinder." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78012.

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The benefits of autofrettage for thick-walled cylindrical vessels as a means of improving the vessel’s durability and sustainability have been addressed in the published literature. However the presence of the Bauschinger effect complicates the overall effect of autofrettage, especially when complex three-dimensional crack geometries emanating from erosions at the cylinder bore are considered. In this paper, the Bauschinger effect’s impact on the stress intensity factors (SIFs) on such cracks is investigated. The effect of various erosion geometrical configurations on the mode I stress intensity factor distribution along the front of a semi-elliptical crack, emanating from the deepest line of the erosion surface (DLES) at the bore of an autofrettaged, pressurized thick-walled cylinder of outer-to-inner radius ratio, R0/Ri = 2, is investigated. Both autofrettage with Bauschinger effect (BEDA) and Hill’s ideal autofrettage residual stress field (BEIA) are considered and simulated by an equivalent thermal load. The SIFs are determined for the semi-elliptical cracks of various crack depths to wall thickness ratio, a/t = 0.05 to 0.25, and ellipticities, a/c, ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, emanating from the DLES via ANSYS software and the nodal displacement method. Three groups of erosion geometries are considered: (a) arc erosions of constant relative depth, d/t, equal to 5% and with relative radii of curvature, r′/t, between 5% and 30%; (b) semi-elliptic erosions of constant relative depth, d/t, of 5% with erosion ellipticity, d/h, varying from 0.3 to 2.0; and (c) semi-circular erosions of relative depth, d/t, between 1 and 10% of the wall thickness. KIP, the SIF due to pressurization, is highly dependent on the stress concentration ahead of the DLES which directly relates to the erosion geometry. It is found that the absolute value of KIA, the SIF due to autofrettage, is just slightly reduced by the presence of the erosion. Its change solely depends on, and is directly proportional to, the erosion depth. Thus, the combined SIFs of deep cracks are found to be significantly enhanced by the presence of autofrettage and might result in a shortening of the vessel’s fatigue life by up to an order of magnitude. Counteracting this, the combined SIFs are found to be significantly higher for BEDA cases than for BEIA cases. Therefore the vessel’s fatigue life can be profoundly influenced by the presence of the Bauschinger effect.
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Kebert, Brent A., Jennifer L. Miskimins, Gage Soehner, and William Hunter. "CFD Modeling of Pseudo-Transient Perforation Erosion in a Limited-Entry Completion Cluster." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212366-ms.

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Abstract Hydraulic fracturing in limited entry (LE) completion designs relies on maintaining a high bottom hole treating pressure (BHTP). LE requires high perforation friction in order to maintain an even distribution of the hydraulic fracturing slurry. As sand exits the perforations, the perforations start to erode. The erosional change in the perforation alters the desired perforation friction and subsequent BHTP. As operators rely on multistage hydraulic fracturing to generate economic production, the issue of perforation erosion becomes inherently repetitive from stage to stage, and cumulatively a significant issue. The industry has seen how a perforation can change from a before-and-after perspective with downhole cameras and imaging techniques before and after treatments. However, a more detailed understanding of the dynamic process of perforation erosion can give a better expectation of perforation performance throughout a hydraulic fracturing treatment and not just pre-treatment compared to post-treatment. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a quickly emerging tool in the industry. CFD aims to model fluid flow by numerically solving the Naiver-Stokes equations within a specified domain. Along with modeling fluid systems, CFD has the capability to model dispersed particles within the fluid. Once the particles are introduced into the fluid, the domain can also be eroded away within the CFD model. By utilizing the erosional capabilities of CFD, paired with the flow of a hydraulic fracturing slurry, perforation erosion can be investigated transiently throughout an entire hydraulic fracturing stage. This work presents a better dynamic understanding of perforation erosion rather than just a "before versus after" comparison. The CFD modeling methodology used to achieve the correct erosional pattern observed in the field is presented. Throughout this work, six different hydraulic fracturing completion parameters are investigated to determine the respective roles in perforation erosion. The six parameters include proppant size, proppant concentration, proppant sphericity, fracturing fluid viscosity, initial perforation diameter, and proppant concentration ramping schedules. By investigating the impact that controlled design parameters have on perforation erosion, perforation erosion can be better anticipated to deliver improved completion results.
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Gómez-Álvarez, Susana, Fernando García Ruíz, and Daniel Merino-García. "Benchmark of Erosion Criteria in a Deepwater Development." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77477.

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Ultra-Deep water projects worldwide and particularly in Brazil are characterized by high capital investment costs. This fact generated the need to explore opportunities to improve project value, even though the project was still during visualization phase. One of the identified opportunities was related to API 14E erosion standard application, as it is considered to be conservative for estimating the erosional limits in oil and gas applications. There are additional industry practices that are widely used in industry that provide more accurate estimations of erosional velocity limits. If these values are increased, there is an opportunity to enhance project value as it would allow a reduction of the required number of wells and production line / riser diameters. If the API erosional limit is considered in the project, the wells would produce at lower rate than reservoir potential, which would lead to an increase in the number of development wells. Based on the significant perforation cost of deepwater wells, the increase on this number would be reflected in the total development Capex, eroding the project value. This paper describes the work performed in order to better understand the possible erosion phenomena in the production system due to the high fluid velocities in a gas condensate field and to determine the maximum allowable gas rate with different erosional models (API 14E and Tulsa SPPS). The proposed methodology provides the opportunity to enhance project value by predicting erosional rate limits via SPPS, as the current applied standard was considered to be conservative in erosional rate prediction. If confirmed as feasible, significant cost reduction could be achieved in the project as the individual gas well production could be increased by the reduction of the number of wells; estimated well cost reduction is around 400 MMUSD per well, plus associated subsea production system.
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Barone, William R., Rouzbeh Amini, Spandan Maiti, Pamela Moalli, and Steven Abramowitch. "The Impact of Boundary Conditions on Surface Curvature Measurements of Polypropylene Mesh in Response to Uniaxial Loading." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14598.

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Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is defined as the descent of the pelvic organs into the vaginal canal. POP is a widespread condition among women, with a 7% lifetime risk for a single operation1. For surgical treatment, polypropylene mesh is often implanted to restore support to the pelvic organs. However, up to 20% of those who undergo surgery with mesh will require repeat operations for recurrent symptoms or complications2. One of the most common complications is mesh erosion3. Erosion is characterized by degeneration of the native vaginal tissue in contact with the mesh, resulting in the mesh migrating through the vagina. Though the cause of mesh erosion is undefined, surgeons have described this complication by the appearance of mesh “contraction”, “buckling”, “wrinkling”, and/or “bunching”. Some have even described this as an “accordion effect”.
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Kovrizhnykh, S. B. "EVOLUTION OF THE HYDRAULIC NETWORK AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF GOLD PLACERS WITHIN THE VISHER-VISIM DEPRESSION IN THE WESTERN URALS." In Проблемы минералогии, петрографии и металлогении. Научные чтения памяти П. Н. Чирвинского. ПЕРМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/chirvinsky.2022.128.

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A brief history of placer formation and patterns of formation of river valleys in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic are considered. The evolution of the hydraulic net-work, its inception along weakened ore-bearing zones determines the patterns of the position of gold placers in the Western Urals. The formation of gold-bearing placers within the structural-erosion depression is due to the sources of gold, the conditions of their destruction, the erosional incision of river valleys along thrust zones within the Visher-Visim depression. Five types of potentially productive gold placers have been identified, depending on the ratio of the erosional incision of river valleys and gold-bearing eluvium.
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Shaffee, Siti Nur Amira, Hasyimah Ghazali, Preveen Kumar Rajan, Wan Amni Wan Mohamad, Maung Maung Myo Thant, and M. Farris Bakar. "Extending the Performance of Standalone Sand Screens (SAS) with Flow Segmentizers in Gas Wells." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211572-ms.

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Abstract Sand control application in gas wells is very challenging, especially in the application of a standalone sand screen (SAS) due to the high erosional risks. Many failures have been observed in the industry over the years causing production deferments and additional OPEX to the operators for remedial sand control operations. This work presents the performance evaluation of a unique SAS in open hole completion concept piloted in a horizontal gas well and the replication in other new wells in a Malaysian gas field. In 2012, a pilot gas well was completed with SAS with optimally placed flow segmentizers along the horizontal completion to limit the screen erosional risks. The placement was determined using a tool developed through an R&D. It estimates the optimum locations of the flow segmentizers based on the targeted SAS life or erosional velocity limit imposed. At the heart of it is a proprietary erosion model specifically developed for SAS application. The well performance was compared to adjacent wells producing from the same reservoir but completed using the conventional open-hole gravel pack. The pilot well achieved higher Productivity Index in comparison to the adjacent wells. Over the 10-year observation period, the production performance was consistent with minimal skin values and no sand production issues. Multifinger Imaging Tool (MIT) was run to measure the erosion levels in the tubing and the result indicated very minimal erosion because of sand production even after several years of production. Recently, another one (1) new infill well was drilled and completed with the same concept as the pilot well. The segmentizer placements were supported by an optimization study based on the expected production scenario. Positive flow back results with no indication of sand production was detected from the intrusive sand monitoring equipment. With the application of SAS and flow segmentizers, a cost reduction of 25% as compared to more complex application of open-hole gravel pack was realized.
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Ma, Q., C. Levy, and M. Perl. "A Finite Element Study of the Effect of Partial Autofrettage on the Fatigue Life of Thick-Walled Cylinders Containing Erosions and Cracks." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57004.

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For the investigation of cracked problems in thick-walled pressurized cylindrical vessels, the displacement-based finite element method has become one of the main computational tools to extract stress intensity results for their fatigue life predictions. The process of autofrettage, practically from partial autofrettage level of 30% to full autofrettage level of 100%, is known to introduce favorable compressive residual hoop stresses at the cylinder bore in order to increase its service life. In order to extract the fatigue life, stress intensity factors (SIFs) need to be obtained a priori. The necessity for determining SIFs and their practical importance are well understood. However, it is usually not a trivial task to obtain the SIFs required since the SIFs largely depend on not only the external loading scenarios, but also the geometrical configurations of the cylinder. Our recent work has shown that the Bauschinger Effect (BE) may come into play and affect the effective SIFs significantly for an eroded fully autofrettaged thick-walled cylinder. In this study, we further investigate the SIFs for the Bauschinger effect dependent autofrettage (BEDA) and the Bauschinger effect independent autofrettage (BEIA) at various autofrettage levels. The crack is considered to emanate from the erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded cylinder. The commercial finite element package, ANSYS v12, was employed to perform the necessary analysis. A two-dimensional model, analogous to the authors’ previous studies, has been adopted for this investigation. The residual stress field of autofrettage process, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading. The combined SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack lengths with cracks emanating from the tip of erosions with various geometrical configurations and span angles. The effective SIFs for relatively short cracks are found to be increased by the presence of the erosion and further increased due to the BE at the same autofrettage level, which may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion, but may be considerably affected by BE as well as by the level of partial autofrettage.
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Reports on the topic "Erosioni"

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Lyczkowski, R. W., J. X. Bouillard, S. M. Folga, and S. L. Chang. User`s manual for EROSION/MOD1: A computer program for fluids-solids erosion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108132.

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Inghram, M. G. Erosion along the Kenai River. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1130.

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Knight, Lynn, and Suzy Hodgson. Economics of Gully Erosion Stabilization. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893749.ch.

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Rainfall intensity is increasing in the Northeastern U.S. Stabilizing gullies is one strategy for adapting to this changing climate. This case study evaluates the costs and benefits of restoring gullies at Last Resort Farm.
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Frederick, Jennifer M., Matthew Anthony Thomas, Diana L. Bull, Craig A. Jones, and Jesse D. Roberts. The Arctic Coastal Erosion Problem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1431492.

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Whyte, D. G., R. Bastasz, W. R. Wampler, J. N. Brooks, W. P. West, and C. P. C. Wong. Divertor erosion in DIII-D. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/654183.

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Montalvo-Bartolomei, Axel, Bryant Robbins, Erica Medley, and Benjamin Breland. Backward erosion testing : Magnolia Levee. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42140.

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Abstract:
Using a confined flume device, an experimental study investigated the critical horizontal gradient of soils obtained from a site identified as potentially vulnerable to backward erosion piping (BEP). Tests were conducted on glacial outwash material obtained from a sand and gravel quarry in the vicinity of Magnolia Levee in the community of Magnolia, OH. The two bulk samples collected from the quarry had similar grain-size distributions, grain roundness, and depositional environments as the foundation materials beneath the levee. Samples were prepared at various densities and subjected to gradual increases of flow in a wooden flume with an acrylic top until BEP was observed. The critical average horizontal gradient ranged from 0.21 to 0.30 for a bulk sample with a coefficient of uniformity of 1.6, while tests conducted on a bulk sample with a coefficient of uniformity of 2.5 yielded critical average horizontal gradients of 0.31 to 0.36. The critical average gradients measured during these tests compared favorably to values in the literature after applying adjustments according to Schmertmann’s method.
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Overbeck, J. R. Coastal flooding & erosion in Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30057.

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8

Solomon, S. M. Ivvavik National Park coastal erosion study. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208498.

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Malson, Bruce A. Tarnished Armor Erosion of Military Ethics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada194538.

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Biedenharn, David S., Nolan K. Raphelt, and Chester C. Watson. Demonstration Erosion Control Project Monitoring Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375784.

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