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Journal articles on the topic 'Erosion'
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1
Perl, M., C. Levy, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Multiple Axial Erosions on the Fatigue Life of Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 3 (February 5, 2001): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1372325.
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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded, autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is simulated as a two-dimensional problem and is solved via the finite element method. Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack lengths, a0/t=0.01-0.45 emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometries, namely, (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t=0.05-0.4; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h=0.5-1.5, and erosion span angle, α, from 6 deg to 360 deg. The effective SIF for relatively short cracks is found to be increased by the presence of the erosion, which in turn may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life of up to an order of magnitude. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion.
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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Multiple Axial Erosions on a Three-Dimensional Crack in Determining the Fatigue Life of Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 1 (May 22, 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1386656.
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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded, autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is solved via the finite element method (FEM). Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a0/t=0.01-0.40, and crack ellipticities, a0/c=0.5-1.5, emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometry, namely: (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t=0.05-0.4; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h=0.3-2.0. The erosion separation angle, α, is taken from 7 to 360 deg. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion. The effective SIF for relatively short cracks is enhanced by the presence, separation distance and geometry of the erosion, as well as the crack geometry, and may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life of up to an order of magnitude.
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Levy, C., M. Perl, and H. Fang. "Cracks Emanating From an Erosion in a Pressurized Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Cylinder—Part I: Semi-Circular and Arc Erosions." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842342.
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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from the erosion’s deepest point in an autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is solved via the FEM method and knowledge of the asymptotic behavior of short cracks. Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack lengths, a0/W = 0.01 – 0.45, emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometries. In Part I of this paper, two configurations are considered: (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 5 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, W; and (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/W = 0.05 – 0.4. While deep cracks are almost unaffected by the erosion, the effective SIF for relatively short cracks is found to be significantly enhanced by the presence and geometry of the erosion and might reduce the vessel’s fatigue life.
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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Finite Three-Dimensional Multiple Axial Erosions on the Fatigue Life of Partially Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1616582.
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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from the farthest erosion’s deepest point in a multiply, finite-length or full-length eroded, partially autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder is investigated. The problem is solved via the FEM method. Autofrettage, based on von Mises’ yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs were evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a/t=0.01-0.30 and crack ellipticities, a/c=0.5-1.5 emanating from the tip of the erosion of various geometries, namely, (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10% of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t=0.05-0.3; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h=0.5-1.5. In the cases of finite erosions, the semi-erosion length to the semi-crack length, Le/c, was between two and ten, erosion angular spacing, α, was between 7 and 120 degrees, whereas percent autofrettage investigated included 30%, 60%, and 100%. The normalized SIFs and the normalized effective SIFs of a crack emanating from the farthest finite erosion are found to rise sharply for values of Le/c<3. Both the normalized SIF and normalized effective SIF values are mitigated as the amount of partial autofrettage increases with the most rapid decrease occurring between 0–60% autofrettage. The purpose of this study is to detail these findings.
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Çetin Arslan, Hale, and Kadir Arslan. "Risk factors and outcomes of vaginal mesh erosions after pelvic reconstructive surgery: A retrospective cohort study." Medicine 104, no. 19 (May 9, 2025): e42442. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000042442.
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Mesh erosions can occur in pelvic reconstructive surgeries for pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors and outcomes of mesh erosion after surgical procedures using synthetic mesh. Pelvic reconstructive surgeries performed at a tertiary center during the 5 years between January 2019 and January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified into the mesh erosion group and the non-erosion group. Clinical features and outcomes were compared. The study included 510 patients, 49 in the mesh erosion group and 461 in the non-erosion group. The incidence of mesh erosion was 9.6%. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, parity, menopausal status, pelvic organ prolapse stage, and concomitant hysterectomy (P = .243, P = .066, P = .349, P = .374, and P = .119, respectively). In the mesh erosion group, body mass index (27.1 ± 3.3 vs 25.9 ± 3.6, P = .016), smoking (28.6% vs 14.3%), sexual activity (77.6% vs 61.8%), vaginal incision size (3.5 ± 1.7 vs 2.3 ± 0.8, P = .001) and hypertension (22.4% vs 13%, P = .070) were significantly higher. Vaginal incision size (>2.5 cm) and sexual activity were found to be independent risk factors for mesh erosion. In patients with mesh erosion, 18.3% (n = 9) received conservative treatment, and 81.7% (n = 40) received surgical treatment. In patients who underwent surgical treatment, mesh erosion size (>0.5 cm) and body mass index were significantly higher (P = .015 and P < .001, respectively). Erosion recurrence was detected in 16.3% (n = 8) of patients in the mesh erosion group. Although mesh erosions do not occur frequently in pelvic reconstructive surgeries, they are complications that can disrupt patient comfort. Vaginal incision size and sexual activity were determined as independent risk factors for mesh erosions. When mesh erosion is detected, conservative treatment may benefit small erosions. The surgical approach should be performed in patients with severe symptoms and extensive erosions.
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Srikhum, Waraporn, Warapat Virayavanich, Andrew J. Burghardt, Andrew Yu, Thomas M. Link, John B. Imboden, and Xiaojuan Li. "Quantitative and Semiquantitative Bone Erosion Assessment on High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 4 (February 15, 2013): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120780.
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Objective.To develop novel quantitative and semiquantitative bone erosion measures at metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and wrist joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), and to correlate these measurements with disease duration and bone marrow edema (BME) patterns derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods.Sixteen patients with RA and 7 healthy subjects underwent hand and wrist HR-pQCT and 3-Tesla MRI. Bone erosions of the MCP2, MCP3, and distal radius were evaluated by measuring maximal erosion dimension on axial slices, which is a simple and fast measurement, and then were graded (grades 0–3) based on the maximal dimension. Correlation coefficients were calculated between (1) sum maximal dimensions, highest grades, and sum grades of bone erosions; (2) erosion measures and the clinical evaluation; (3) erosion measures and BME volume in distal radius.Results.The inter- and intrareader agreements of maximal erosion dimensions were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.89, 0.99, and root mean square error 9.4%, 4.7%, respectively). Highest grades and sum grades were significantly correlated to sum maximal dimensions of all erosions. Number of erosions, sum maximal erosion dimensions, highest grades, and sum grades correlated significantly with disease duration. Number of erosions, sum maximal dimensions, and erosion grading of the distal radius correlated significantly with BME volume.Conclusion.HR-pQCT provides a sensitive method with high reader agreement in assessment of structural bone damage in RA. The good correlation of erosion measures with disease duration as well as BME volume suggests that they could become feasible measures of erosions in RA.
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Sharma, Rohit, Ashish Mehrotra, Vinit K. Sharma, Zafar Iqbal, and Kunal Nigam. "A Retrospective Study of Bony Erosion Patterns in Cases of Fungal Rhinosinusitis." An International Journal Clinical Rhinology 9, no. 2 (2016): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10013-1269.
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ABSTRACT Erosion of bone with or without extension of disease into adjacent anatomic spaces is observed among some patients with fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Preoperative computed tomographies is very important to determine the sites of bony erosion. Patients with bony erosions are classified based on the involved subsite and the extent of erosion. Bony erosions was seen in 37.5% cases. Six patients were having bone erosions on CT scan. 40 % erosions were present in patients belonging to younger age group. Erosion of sinus boundaries were more common in male patients (60%). The ethmoid sinus complex was most commonly involved (46.6%). This was followed in frequency of involvement by the maxillary sinus (26.6%), the sphenoid sinus (20%) and the frontal sinus (6.6%). The most common site of erosion was the lamina papyracea (33.3%), followed by the medial maxillary wall (20%). Bony erosions due to FRS were mainly due to long-term mechanical compression by the fungal mass. A case of chronic rhinosinusitis with bony erosions in CT scan may indicate a fungal etiology. How to cite this article Sharma VK, Sharma R, Mehrotra A, Iqbal Z, Nigam K. A Retrospective Study of Bony Erosion Patterns in Cases of Fungal Rhinosinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):62-64.
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Le, Phuong M., Sonali Pal-Ghosh, A. Sue Menko, and Mary Ann Stepp. "Immune Cells Localize to Sites of Corneal Erosions in C57BL/6 Mice." Biomolecules 13, no. 7 (June 29, 2023): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13071059.
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Recurrent epithelial erosions develop in the cornea due to prior injury or genetic predisposition. Studies of recurrent erosions in animal models allow us to gain insight into how erosions form and are resolved. While slowing corneal epithelial cell migration and reducing their proliferation following treatment with mitomycin C reduce erosion formation in mice after sterile debridement injury, additional factors have been identified related to cytokine expression and immune cell activation. The relationship between recruitment of immune cells to the region of the cornea where erosions form and their potential roles in erosion formation and/or erosion repair remains unexplored in the C57BL/6 mouse recurrent erosion model. Here, high resolution imaging of mouse corneas was performed at D1, D7, and D28 after dulled-blade debridement injury in C57BL/6 mice. Around 50% of these mice have frank corneal erosions at D28 after wounding. A detailed assessment of corneas revealed the involvement of M2 macrophages in both frank and developing erosions at early stages of their formation.
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Mandl, P., I. Gessl, G. Filippou, S. Sirotti, L. Terslev, C. Pineda, E. Cipolletta, et al. "POS0161 AN ULTRASOUND SCORING SYSTEM BASED ON THE SIZE AND NUMBER OF EROSIONS IS RELIABLE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 303.1–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.2842.
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BackgroundUltrasound has been shown to be a valid tool for the evaluation of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), yet a consensual scoring system is lacking.ObjectivesTo assess the reliability of a semiquantitative scoring system for assessing structural bone erosion by ultrasound in a web-based reliability exercise.MethodsA task force of the OMERACT Ultrasound Working Group developed definitions and a scoring system for grading bone erosions which takes both the size and number of erosions into consideration. Pairs of static images (longitudinal and transverse) in DICOM format of metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints 2-5 were acquired prospectively in healthy controls and in RA patients with varying degrees of pathology by the task force members. A dataset of anonymized images, representing various grades was created and utilized in a web-based exercise using the cmrad.com cloud platform which allowed the participants to measure the size of the erosions and use the discrete measures and the number of erosions to grade each joint according to the scoring system. Both the longitudinal and transverse scans were considered and the largest diameter chosen for each erosion. Intra- and inter-reader reliability of the scoring system was assessed using kappa statistics.ResultsA 4-grade semiquantitative scoring system was developed: grade 0) intact cortical bone; grade 1) single small erosion (diameter: ≤2mm); grade 2) single large erosion (diameter: >2mm) or 2 small erosions or 1 large and 1 small erosion; grade 3) 2 large erosions or ≥3 erosions, regardless of size (Figure 1). A dataset composed of 45 anonymised image pairs (90 single images) was graded by 20 task force members in two rounds separated by 10 days. The intra-reader (mean: 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.75-0.84) reliability was excellent and the inter-reader (mean: 0.75; 95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.76) reliability was substantial.ConclusionThis preliminary OMERACT scoring system for bone erosions of the finger joints in RA has demonstrated excellent reliability on static images. Further studies are required to evaluate the reliability of the combined acquisition and reading of images in patients.Figure 1.Representative images of the different grades of the scoring system for bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. A) grade 0: intact cortical bone;B) grade 1: single small erosion (diameter: ≤2mm);C1) grade 2: single large erosion (diameter: >2mm);C2) grade 2: 2 small erosions;C3) grade 2: 1 large and 1 small erosion;D1) grade 3: 2 large erosions;D2) grade 3: ≥3 erosions, regardless of sizeREFERENCES:NIL.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Perl, M., C. Levy, and H. Fang. "Cracks Emanating From an Erosion in a Pressurized Autofrettaged Thick-Walled Cylinder—Part II: Erosion Depth and Ellipticity Effects." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, no. 4 (November 1, 1998): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842343.
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In Part I of this paper, the effects of constant depth erosion on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) were determined for a crack emanating from the erosion deepest point in a pressurized, autofrettaged, thick-walled cylinder. The erosion geometries investigated included semi-circular erosions and several arc erosions of various radii of curvature. Due to the trends found in that portion of the study, erosion depth and ellipticity are believed to have equally important impact on the SIFs. The present paper delves further into these two parameters using the following configurations: (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, W; and (b) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h = 0.3 – 2.0. Deep cracks are found to be practically unaffected by the erosion, similar to the results presented in Part I of the paper. The effective SIF for relatively short cracks is found to be dramatically enhanced by the stress concentration factor (SCF), which encompasses the depth of the erosion as well as its radius of curvature at the tip. As a result of the increased effective SIF, a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life of up to an order of magnitude may occur.
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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "Erosions and Their Effect on the Fatigue Life of Thick Walled, Autofrettaged, Pressurized Vessels." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1593698.
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This paper summarizes the results that have been found in evaluating the effect of erosions on thick walled, autofrettaged, pressurized, cracked vessels. The problem is solved numerically via the FEM method. Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and stress intensity factors (SIF’s) are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIF’s were evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths a/t and crack ellipticities a/c emanating from the tip of the erosion of various geometries, namely, (a) semi-circular erosions of small relative depths of the cylinder’s wall thickness t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature r′/t; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h. Other parameters evaluated were, in the cases of finite erosions, the semi-erosion length to the semicrack length Le/c, the erosion angular spacing α, and the autofrettage level. First, we summarize the differences found between a vessel with one erosion and one with multiple erosions. We show that for full cylinder length erosions, the erosions tend to make smaller cracks more dangerous than larger cracks in fully autofrettaged vessels and that as the crack grows the stress intensity factor initially decreases. We then show that as the crack grows further, the effect is to increase the effective stress intensity factor (SIF) but also to practically void the existence of the erosion. We show further that lower levels of autofrettage will lead to higher effective SIF’s but that partially eroded cylinders (cylinders where erosions are a fraction of the cylinder length) lead to lower SIF’s. Affecting these values in all cases, of course, are the erosion geometry and depth as well as the crack geometry and depth.
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Seutloali, Khoboso Elizabeth, and Heinrich Reinhard Beckedahl. "A Review Of Road‒Related Soil Erosion: An Assessment Of Causes, Evaluation Techniques And Available Control Measures." Earth Sciences Research Journal 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v19n1.43841.
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<p>Road construction has increased significantly worldwide in the last decades to meet the demands of the increasing human population and this has led to serious soil erosion problems, the bulk of which is unaccounted for, especially in the developing world. For comprehensive land management decisions and monitoring strategies, a review of work that has been done to assess soil erosion due to roads is critical. This article, therefore, reviews the causes of road‒related soil erosion, assessment methods and available control measures. Specifically, work provides an overview of (i) the linkages between roads and soil erosion; (ii) measurement and prediction of road‒related erosion; and (iii) erosion control and rehabilitation techniques. Literature shows that road construction results in hill-slope profile modification; removal of vegetation cover; as well as the formation of steep slopes that are prone to severe erosion. Furthermore, there is a variety of erosion control measures for controlling road‒related erosion although no study has demonstrated the method that is cost efficient and operational across different landscapes. We are of the view that this study provides guidance in future research on road‒related soil erosion across the developing world were sophisticated monitoring techniques are limited due to resource scarcity for assessing large areas.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Resumen</strong></p>La construcción de carreteras se ha incrementado ampliamente en todo el mundo durante las últimas décadas para cumplir con las demandas de la creciente población humana, lo que ha llevado a serios problemas de erosión de suelos, muchos de los cuales no se previeron, especialmente, en los países en desarrollo. Sobre las decisiones y supervisión de estrategias de un manejo completo del terreno se realizó una revisión al crítico trabajo que se ha hecho para medir la erosión en suelos causados por las carreteras. Por esta razón, este artículo revisa las causas de la erosion relacionada con la construcción de rutas y evalúa los métodos y medidas de control disponibles. Específicamente, este trabajo ofrece una revisión de (a) las relaciones entre las carreteras y la erosión de los suelos; (b) la medida y la predicción de la erosión vinculada a las carreteras, y (c) las técnicas de control de erosión y rehabilitación. La literature muestra que la construcción de carreteras produce modificaciones en el perfil inclinación, remueve la vegetación superficial y aumenta la inclinación en pendientes propensas a erosión severa. Además, existen varias medidas para controlar la erosión causada por la construcción de carreteras, a pesar de que ningún estudio ha demostrado el método que sea más eficiente y operacional para diferentes paisajes. Este estudio guía futuras investigaciones en la erosion causada por la construcción de caminos en los países en desarrollo donde las técnicas de supervisión sofísticas para la evaluación de grandes áreas son limitadas debido a la escasez de recursos.
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Barnabe, Cheryl, Dominique Toepfer, Hubert Marotte, Ellen-Margrethe Hauge, Andrea Scharmga, Roland Kocijan, Sebastian Kraus, et al. "Definition for Rheumatoid Arthritis Erosions Imaged with High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Interreader Reliability for Detection and Measurement." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 10 (October 2016): 1935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.160648.
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Objective.High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) sensitively detects erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, nonpathological cortical bone disruptions are potentially misclassified as erosive. Our objectives were to set and test a definition for pathologic cortical bone disruptions in RA and to standardize reference landmarks for measuring erosion size.Methods.HR-pQCT images of metacarpophalangeal joints of RA and control subjects were used in an iterative process to achieve consensus on the definition and reference landmarks. Independent readers (n = 11) applied the definition to score 58 joints and measure pathologic erosions in 2 perpendicular multiplanar reformations for their maximum width and depth. Interreader reliability for erosion detection and variability in measurements between readers [root mean square coefficient of variation (RMSCV), intraclass correlation (ICC)] were calculated.Results.Pathologic erosions were defined as cortical breaks extending over a minimum of 2 consecutive slices in perpendicular planes, with underlying trabecular bone loss and a nonlinear shape. Interreader agreement for classifying pathologic erosions was 90.2%, whereas variability for width and depth erosion assessment was observed (RMSCV perpendicular width 12.3%, axial width 20.6%, perpendicular depth 24.0%, axial depth 22.2%; ICC perpendicular width 0.206, axial width 0.665, axial depth 0.871, perpendicular depth 0.783). Mean erosion width was 1.84 mm (range 0.16–8.90) and mean depth was 1.86 mm (range 0.30–8.00).Conclusion.We propose a new definition for erosions visualized with HR-pQCT imaging. Interreader reliability for erosion detection is good, but further refinement of selection of landmarks for erosion size measurement, or automated volumetric methods, will be pursued.
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Lau, Hui-Hsuan, Quan-Bin Jou, Wen-Chu Huang, and Tsung-Hsien Su. "Amniotic Membrane Graft in the Management of Complex Vaginal Mesh Erosion." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020356.
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Vaginal mesh erosion is a devastating complication after pelvic floor mesh surgery and it can be treated conservatively or with surgical revision. However, the management options following a failed primary revision or complex vaginal erosions are very limited. The aim of this study is to describe a novel treatment using an amniotic membrane as an inlay graft for such patients. Eight patients who failed conservative or primary surgical revision were enrolled. The complex erosions included vaginal agglutination, multiple vaginal erosions, recurrent erosions, and mesh cutting through the urethra. We used an amniotic membrane as a graft to cover the vaginal defect after partial excision of the mesh erosion and we describe the technique in this study. There were no intraoperative complications and none of the patients reported any further symptoms at a mean of 27 months follow-up. Only one patient had recurrent erosion, however, the erosion size was narrower and was subsequently successfully repaired. No further vaginal mesh erosions were noted in the other patients who all had good functional recovery. The use of an amniotic graft can be an economic and alternative method in the management of complex vaginal mesh erosions.
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Ali, Muhammad, Saima Attiq, Sayed Nusrat Raza, Abdul Hakim, Shakeel Ahmed, Shaukat Ali, Farhan Akbar, and Syed Waqar Abbas. "FREQUENCY OF BONE EROSION ON COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPGHY SCAN IN ALLERGIC FUNGAL RHINOSINUSITIS." PAFMJ 71, Suppl-3 (December 30, 2021): S428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v1i1.4159.
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Objective: To analyze the frequency and sites of bone erosion on computerized tomograghy scan in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinustis in Pakistan.
 Study Design: Retrospective observational study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of ENT, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, Malir Karachi and Rawalpindi, from Jan 2010 to Dec 2019.
 Methodology: Total 230 cases of Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis were screened, out of which 85 patients having bone erosions on computerized tomograpghy scan were included in the study. Bone erosion in different paranasal sinuses and their sub sites were evaluated. Depending upon the number of bone erosion, patients were divided into three categories as mild, moderate and severe. Those having erosion at a single site were labelled as mild, those with two sub sites of erosion as moderate and those with more than two subsites of erosion were labelled as severe cases.
 Results: Detailed evaluation of computerized tomography scan of paranasal sinuses revealed bone erosion in 85/230 (36.9%) cases. Mean affected age was 23.96 ± 12.71 years. There were 52 (61.1%) males and 33 (38.9%) females. Ethmoid sinus was the most commonly involved sinus to have bone erosions 55 (38.19%) followed by maxillary sinus 38 (26.38%) then sphenoid sinus 27 (18.75%) and lastly frontal sinus 24 (16.6%). Out of 85 patients 48 (56.1%) were having mild, 22 (25.8%) moderate and 15 (17.6%) had severe disease.
 Conclusion: Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis has high frequency of bone erosion. Computerized tomography scan is an important and effective investigation in finding these bony erosions and ethmoid sinus is the.....
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Ganti, Vamsi, Christoph von Hagke, Dirk Scherler, Michael P. Lamb, Woodward W. Fischer, and Jean-Philippe Avouac. "Time scale bias in erosion rates of glaciated landscapes." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (October 2016): e1600204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600204.
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Deciphering erosion rates over geologic time is fundamental for understanding the interplay between climate, tectonic, and erosional processes. Existing techniques integrate erosion over different time scales, and direct comparison of such rates is routinely done in earth science. On the basis of a global compilation, we show that erosion rate estimates in glaciated landscapes may be affected by a systematic averaging bias that produces higher estimated erosion rates toward the present, which do not reflect straightforward changes in erosion rates through time. This trend can result from a heavy-tailed distribution of erosional hiatuses (that is, time periods where no or relatively slow erosion occurs). We argue that such a distribution can result from the intermittency of erosional processes in glaciated landscapes that are tightly coupled to climate variability from decadal to millennial time scales. In contrast, we find no evidence for a time scale bias in spatially averaged erosion rates of landscapes dominated by river incision. We discuss the implications of our findings in the context of the proposed coupling between climate and tectonics, and interpreting erosion rate estimates with different averaging time scales through geologic time.
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Touma, Zahi, Arane Thavaneswaran, Vinod Chandran, Fawnda Pellett, Richard J. Cook, and Dafna D. Gladman. "Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Erosion-free and Erosion-present Status in Psoriatic Arthritis in a Cohort Study." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 6 (April 1, 2016): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150466.
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Objective.Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has been recognized as a severe erosive disease. However, some patients do not develop erosions. We aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of erosion-free patients (EFP) as compared with erosion-present patients (EPP) among patients with PsA followed prospectively.Methods.This is a retrospective analysis conducted on patients from the Toronto PsA cohort. Patients with at least 10 years of followup and radiographs were analyzed. Radiographs were scored with the modified Steinbrocker method. Baseline (first visit to clinic) characteristics were used to predict the development of erosions with logistic regression models. To examine the effect of time-varying covariates, Cox regression models were fit for the time to development of erosions from baseline.Results.Among 290 patients, 12.4% were EFP and 87.6% were EPP over the study period. The mean time to development of erosion in the EPP over the course of followup was 6.8 ± 6.1 years. EFP were diagnosed with psoriasis at a younger age compared with EPP. In both models, actively inflamed joints and clinically damaged joints were predictive of the development of erosion, whereas a longer duration of psoriasis at baseline decreased the odds of developing erosion. EPP had a higher percentage of unemployment as compared with EFP at baseline and followup visits.Conclusion.Among patients with PsA followed for at least 10 years, 12.4% never develop erosions. The clinical and radiographic findings can ultimately assist in the stratification of a patient’s prognosis regarding the development of erosions.
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Sianturi, Ignatius Bennito, and Cherie Bhekti Pribadi. "IDENTIFIKASI SEBARAN TINGKAT BAHAYA EROSI DI DAS BRANTAS (WILAYAH ADMINISTRASI KOTA SURABAYA) TAHUN 2022." Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh Indonesia 4, no. 1 (March 27, 2005): 38–46. https://doi.org/10.12962/jpji.v4i1.3449.
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Erosion is a critical environmental degradation event that has profound implications for agricultural productivity, ecosystem stability, and sustainable development. This study aims to quantify the rate of soil erosion in various agro-ecological zones and to evaluate the effectiveness of soil conservation practices. Given that soil conservation processes require predicting the rate of erosion that occurs, erosion rate modeling was conducted. The commonly used modeling of erosion rate values is often limited to modeling the rate of erosion caused by water, such as sheet erosion, gully erosion, and several other erosions. High and uncontrolled erosion rates can lead to the loss of soil fertility and the accumulation of thick sediment in river flows, which can cause disasters such as floods and others. In this study, the determination of erosion hazards was conducted using the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) method in the Brantas River Basin (Administrative Boundary of Surabaya City). From the obtained erosion rate values, it was found that the Brantas River Basin area (Surabaya City area) on average has a “light” hazard level.
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Kong, Bo, and Huan Yu. "Estimation Model of Soil Freeze-Thaw Erosion in Silingco Watershed Wetland of Northern Tibet." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/636521.
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The freeze-thaw (FT) erosion is a type of soil erosion like water erosion and wind erosion. Limited by many factors, the grading evaluation of soil FT erosion quantities is not well studied. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the evaluation indices of soil FT erosion, we for the first time utilized the sensitivity of microwave remote sensing technology to soil moisture for identification of FT state. We established an estimation model suitable to evaluate the soil FT erosion quantity in Silingco watershed wetland of Northern Tibet using weighted summation method of six impact factors including the annual FT cycle days, average diurnal FT phase-changed water content, average annual precipitation, slope, aspect, and vegetation coverage. Finally, with the support of GIS, we classified soil FT erosion quantity in Silingco watershed wetland. The results showed that soil FT erosion are distributed in broad areas of Silingco watershed wetland. Different soil FT erosions with different intensities have evidently different spatial and geographical distributions.
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Liu, Jun, Xuyang Wang, Li Zhang, Zhongling Guo, Chunping Chang, Heqiang Du, Haibing Wang, Rende Wang, Jifeng Li, and Qing Li. "Regional Potential Wind Erosion Simulation Using Different Models in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of Northern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159538.
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Wind erosion is crucial for assessing regional ecosystem services and sustainable development. The Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of northern China (APEC) is a typical region undergoing wind erosion and soil degradation. In this study, the National Wind Erosion Survey Model of China, the Integrated Wind Erosion Modeling System, and the regional versions of the Revised Wind Erosion Equation and Wind Erosion Prediction System were used to evaluate the regional potential wind erosion of the APEC during 2000 and 2012. The results showed that the potential wind erosion predicted by National Wind Erosion Survey Model of China (NWESMC), Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ), Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS), and Integrated Wind Erosion Modeling System (IWEMS) were significantly related to the observed wind erosion collected from published literature, but the observed data were generally smaller than the predicted values. The average potential wind erosions were 12.58, 25.87, 52.63, and 58.72 t hm−2 a−1 for NWESMC, RWEQ, WEPS, and IWEMS, respectively, while the spatial pattern and temporal trend of annual potential wind erosion were similar for different wind erosion models. Wind speed, soil moisture, and vegetation coverage were the dominant factors affecting regional wind erosion estimation. These results highlight that it is necessary to comprehensively calibrate and validate the selected wind erosion models. A long-term standard wind erosion monitoring network is urgently required. This study can serve as a useful reference for improving wind erosion models.
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Muhammed, Khalil, and Aram Dawood Abbas. "The Estimation of the Amount of Water Erosion at Qalachwalan Basin by Gavrivolic Model." Journal of University of Raparin 11, no. 2 (July 9, 2024): 87–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(2).paper4.
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Qalachwalan basin is important agricultural and it is one of the main water resources for Slemani city. The basin contains useful natural resources that are conducive to agricultural development. As the area is a hill country, Gavrilovic model was chosen to get the size and amount of water erosion to determine the erosion risks that the basin is facing. This research was conducted based on Gavrilovic (EPM) model using (RS & GIS) to determine the level, amount, and size of water erosion of Qalachwalan basin. We found out that, through the research, the slopes that are in the direction of the estuaries face water erosion much more due to the form of the basin in its creation, which has many slopes and little vegetation on the cliffs that are a main cause of the speedy runoff. Also, poor planning to confront or reduce the risks of flood which increases the erosions. The erosion estimated based on Gavrilovic model between very weak erosion at less than (100 m3/km2/year) and very strong erosion at (5000 – 20000 m3/km2/year). The basin generally lies in the circle of moderate water erosion at (1230 m3/km2/year). Therefore, for the secondary basins (e.g. Jogasur, Mawakan, and estuary) the erosion based on Gavrilovic model was high consecutively in this way (1720, 2584 and 4356 m3/km2/year). Our results very impotent for local government stockholders to establishment new dams in cliffs areas for agriculture and determine life cycle of these dams in this areas, and find new solution to reduce soil erosions in near future.
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Zheng, Hong, Xi-An Li, Ya-Hong Deng, Jie Li, and Feng Wen. "Physical Modelling of Hydraulic Erosion Rates on Loess Slopes." Water 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091344.
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Soil erosion is a major environmental problem of global concern. In the Loess Plateau region of China, erosion of loess slopes is one of the major modes of soil erosion, causing serious erosional problems. Most current studies of loess slope erosion use qualitative analyses from field investigations, while quantitative analyses from experimental physical simulations are relatively rare. This paper takes slope erosion, which is the most typical mode of loess erosion, as the starting point and investigates the hydraulic erosion process for different initial states using small-scale physical simulations. The slope erosion process can be generalised into two stages: rapid erosion, and slow and uniform erosion. Results of the physical simulations suggested that the initial dry density is negatively correlated with the erosion rate, but the initial water content is positively correlated with the erosion rate. The results of the study are not only of practical significance for the prevention and control of soil erosion on loess slopes, but also of theoretical significance, as they reveal the development of slope gully erosion.
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Khan, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Saleem, Adnan Saleem Umar, Ali Husnain Sheikh, Andleeb Iqbal, Rabia Javed, and Khurram Shahzad. "An Analysis of the Occurrence of Bone Erosion on Computerized Tomography Scans in Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 4 (May 26, 2023): 652–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2023174652.
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Objective: Bone erosion on a CT scan may be an indication of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or bone infections, among other diseases. Tumors and other bone conditions may also be to blame. A doctor would need to analyze the CT scan and maybe do other tests or imaging investigations to identify the source of bone degradation. The study's goal is to examine the prevalence and locations of bone erosion on computed tomography scans in Pakistani patients with allergic fungus rhinosinusitis. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted at The study was conducted in PAC Hospital Kamra, Pakistan, between January 2013 and December 2022. 85 of the patients who had bone erosions on a computed tomography scan out of a total of 230 instances of allergic fungal rhinosinusitis were included in the research. Evaluation of bone erosion in various paranasal sinuses and their sub-sites. Patients were categorized into three groups based on how much bone erosion they had: mild, moderate, and severe. Mild instances were those with erosion at a single site, moderate cases had erosion at two subsites, and severe cases had erosion at more than two subsites. Results: In 85 (36.9%) of the patients, bone erosion was discovered after a thorough analysis of the computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses. The average impacted age was 23.96 ± 12.71. There were 33 women and 52 men, or 61.1% of the total. The ethmoid sinus was the sinus that had bone erosions the most often. Frontal sinus 24 (16.6%), maxillary sinus 55 (38.19%), sphenoid sinus 27 (18.75%), and maxillary sinus 38 (26.38%) are listed in that order. Out of 85 patients, 15 (17.6%) had a severe illness, 22 (25.8%) had moderate disease, and 48 (56.1%) had mild disease. Implication: The radiological evaluation of illness, regardless of the method and scoring system employed, is crucial because it allows the otolaryngologist and the radiologist to stratify the severity of the disease in instances of AFRS and aids in clinical evaluation and the avoidance of problems Conclusions: Bone erosion occurs frequently in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. The ethmoid sinus is the most frequently affected paranasal sinus in terms of bone erosion, and computerized tomography (CT) scan is a crucial and efficient inquiry in detecting these erosions. Keywords: rhinosinusitis, bone erosion, sinusitis, radiological evaluation
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Moret, Margaux, Caroline Morizot, Marcelo de Carvalho Bittencourt, Edem Allado, Isabelle Chary-Valckenaere, and Damien Loeuille. "A Clinical Evaluation of the Role of Autoimmunity in the Relation Between Erosions and Bone Mineral Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis." Biomedicines 12, no. 10 (October 17, 2024): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102376.
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Background/objectives: Both erosions and osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have common mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between erosion and bone mineral density (BMD) in RA and whether it can be driven by autoimmunity. Methods: Patients fulfilling the ACR 1987- or ACR/EULAR 2010-criteriae for RA. performed radiographs (erosions evaluated by the modified Sharp/van der Heidje erosion score) and biology for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs), rheumatoid factors (RFs) and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) at intervals of less than 2 years from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for BMD assessment. Results: A total of 149 patients were included, (75.8% women, mean age of 62 y.o (SD 9.61) and a median disease duration of 132 months [60; 240]). A total of 61.1% patients were ACPA positive, 79.9% were erosive and 10.7% had a hip or spine T-score ≤ −2.5. A higher erosion score was associated with a lower BMD (value: −0.222; p = 0.009) and T-score (value −0.397; p < 0.0001) in the hip. ACPA status was associated with a higher erosion score (63.0 (53.2) vs. 45.5 (44.1) for ACPA- (p = 0.04)). ACPA titers were associated with a lower BMD in the hip (value −0.216; p = 0.01). In linear regression, erosion and BMD were still associated, but this association is not driven by ACPA status or titer. Conclusions: In RA patients, erosions and BMD are inversely associated but this relationship does not seem to be driven by autoimmunity only. However, the presence of ACPA or erosion should lead to osteoporosis screening.
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Isomoto, Yoshinori. "Erosion and Erosion-Corrosion." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 57, no. 1 (2008): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr.57.15.
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Forslind, Kristina, Kerstin Eberhardt, and Björn Svensson. "Repair of Erosions in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 7 (February 1, 2019): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.180557.
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Objective.The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of repair in a cohort of conventionally treated patients with early rheumatoid arthritis over 8 years.Methods.There were 395 patients included in the BARFOT study having radiographs of hands and feet at inclusion, and at 1, 2, 5, and 8 years, which were chronologically scored for erosions by the Sharp/van der Heijde method. An erosion with repair was defined as an erosion that has become partially or totally filled, with or without sclerosis.Results.Erosions with repair were observed in 64 patients (16%) at 1 year, 113 (29%) at 2 years, 142 (36%) at 5 years, and 200 (51%) at 8 years. At the 1-year visit, 13% of the patients with at least 1 new erosion showed repair versus 3% of the patients with no new erosions (p = 0.001). At 2, 5, and 8 years the corresponding figures were 22% and 6%, 28% and 8%, and 39% and 11%, respectively (all p = 0.001). The sum of all repaired erosions correlated strongly with the sum of all erosions and with the sum of all erosion scores (ρ = 0.79 and 0.77). Presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) was significantly associated with both new erosions and repair.Conclusion.Repair was more common than previously described. The frequency of repair increased over time and was associated with the number of erosions. RF- and anti-CCP–positivity, patient age, and presence of erosions at baseline were independent predictors of repair.
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Kiniben, Ngoran Senan, Jong Hwan An, and Kyu-Nam Hwang. "Assessing the Erosional Properties of Muddy Sediments: Asan Bay Case Study." Korea Society of Coastal Disaster Prevention 10, no. 4 (October 30, 2023): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20481/kscdp.2023.10.4.141.
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The study's outcomes reveal that both the critical shear stress needed to initiate erosion and the sediment erosion rate are influenced by various parameters, including the bulk density of sediment and bed shear stress. This comprehensive analysis underscores the vital role that these parameters play in determining sediment erosion characteristics. The presented research contributes to the understanding of erosional behaviors of muddy sediments and their implications. The findings emphasize the importance of comprehending such properties, especially in designing effective erosion control structures and managing water bodies prone to erosion.
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Gong, Feng Wen, and Li Yuan. "Study on the Soil Erosion Dynamic Changes in Songhuajiang River Watershed Based on RS and GIS." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1268.
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Based on the RS and GIS, the main data resource of Landsat TM image (1995 and 2005a) was used to study the soil erosion’s spatial-temporal dynamic changes. The results shown that: the reduced area of micro-level and slight soil erosion was 190.8 and 640 km2; the increased area of moderate and intensity soil erosion was 168 and 663 km2, the preserving ratio of micro-level erosion was greatest, intensity soil erosion’s persevering ratio was smallest, the transfer-out probability from intensity to micro-level soil erosion was greatest, the study results could give us some advice on making rational use of land and improving land use pattern the optimal allocation during developing the local economy.
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Chabernaud Negrier, Amandine, Lokmane Taihi, Eric Vicaut, Pascal Richette, Thomas Bardin, Frédéric Lioté, Hang-Korng Ea, and Valérie Bousson. "Distribution of bony erosions in feet and performance of two bone erosion scores: A dual-energy computed tomography study of 61 patients with gout." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): e0259194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259194.
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Objectives To assess the distribution of bone erosions and two erosion scores in the feet of patients with gout and analyze the association between erosion scores and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). Materials and methods We included all patients who underwent DECT of both feet between 2016 and 2019 in our radiology department, with positive detection of MSU deposits. Data on sex, age, treatment, serum urate, and DECT urate volumes were obtained. CT images were analyzed to score bone erosions in 31 sites per foot by using the semi-quantitative method based on the Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Scoring (RAMRIS) system and the Dalbeth-simplified score. Reproducibility for the two scores was calculated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Correlations between clinical features, erosion scores and urate crystal volume were analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient (r). Results We studied 61 patients (mean age 62.0 years); 3,751 bones were scored. The first metatarsophalangeal joint and the midfoot were the most involved in terms of frequency and severity of bone erosions. The distribution of bone erosions was not asymmetrical. The intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was similar for the RAMRIS and Dalbeth-simplified scores (ICC 0.93 vs 0.94 and 0.96 vs 0.90). DECT urate volume was significantly correlated with each of the two erosion scores (r = 0.58–0.63, p < 0.001). There was a high correlation between the two scores (r = 0.96, p < 0.001). Conclusions DECT demonstrates that foot erosions are not asymmetric in distribution and predominate at the first ray and midfoot. The two erosion scores are significantly correlated with DECT urate volume. An almost perfect correlation between the RAMRIS and Dalbeth-simplified scores is observed.
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So, H., I. T. Cheng, S. L. Lau, E. Chow, T. Lam, V. W. Hung, E. Li, et al. "POS0094 EFFECTS OF RANKL INHIBITION ON PROMOTING HEALING OF BONE EROSION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS USING HR-pQCT: A 2-YEAR, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2752.
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Background:Partial repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computer tomography (HR-pQCT) studies in patients with moderate to high disease activity using biologics [1]. Whether RANKL inhibition by denosumab is efficacious in healing existing erosions in RA patients with low disease activity or in remission on conventional synthetic DMARDs is uncertain.Objectives:To evaluate the effects of denosumab on erosion healing at 2-4 metacarpophalangeal head as determined by HR-pQCT in patients with RA with stable disease.Methods:This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. RA patients with disease activity score 28 joints (DAS28) ≤5.1 were randomized (1:1) to subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg or placebo once every six months for 24 months. The primary outcome was erosion healing at MCP 2-4 on HR-pQCT at 12 months. The effects of denosumab on erosion and joint space parameters on HR-pQCT and radiographs, disease activity and health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI) were also examined.Results:At 24 months, HR-pQCT images were analyzed in 98 patients. Baseline demographic, clinical characteristics and imaging parameters were comparable between the two treatment groups (table 1). Seventeen patients in each group (placebo group: 17/52, 32.6%; denosumab group: 17/50, 34.0%) achieved sustained low disease activity (DAS28 ≤ 3.2) throughout the 24 months. At 12 months, changes in erosion parameters on HR-pQCT were similar between the two groups. At 24 months, new erosions (19% vs 9%, p=0.009) and erosion progression (34% vs 16%, p<0.001) were more common in the placebo group than the denosumab group. Erosion healing was seen in a significantly higher proportion of patients in the denosumab group (20% vs 6%, p=0.045) at 24 months. The details of the changes in HR-pQCT erosion parameters are shown in figure 1. No significant differences in the changes in joint space parameters on HR-pQCT, van der Heijde-Sharp erosion score, DAS28 and HAQ-DI were observed between the two groups at 12 and 24 months.Table 1.Baseline clinical, demographic, disease activity parameters and medicationsPlacebo (n=55)Denosumab (n=55)Total (n=110)Age56.5 ± 7.157.2 ± 8.556.8 ± 7.8Gender (Female)47 (86)41 (75)88 (80)Disease duration (years)8.5 ± 6.87.3 ± 6.97.9 ± 6.8Rheumatoid factor positive40 (72)38 (69)78 (71)ACPA positive43 (78)44 (80)87 (79)DAS28-CRP2.43 ± 0.832.6 ± 0.922.51 ± 0.88DAS28-CRP>3.28 (15)13 (24)21 (19)HAQ-DI (0-3)0.31 ± 0.380.46 ± 0.470.39 ± 0.43csDMARDs49 (89)52 (95)101 (92)Combination csDMARDs26 (47)33 (60)59 (54)Glucocorticoids5 (10)5 (9)10 (9)vdH- Sharp erosion score10.4 ± 18.48.9 ± 13.89.6 ± 16.2vdH- Sharp JSN score12.4 ± 17.711.5 ± 17.211.9 ± 17.4Lumbar spine aBMD, g/cm20.914 ± 0.1470.930 ± 0.1430.922 ± 0.145Total hip aBMD, g/cm20.837 ± 0.1020.847 ± 0.1460.841 ± 0.125Femoral neck aBMD, g/cm20.681 ± 0.0990.695 ± 0.1280.687 ± 0.114Data are reported as mean ± SD or number (%). ACPA: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody; DAS28: disease activity score 28; csDMARDs: conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug. HAQ-DI: health assessment questionnaire disability index; vdH- Sharp score: Van der Heijde- Sharp score; aBMD: areal bone mineral densityConclusion:Although no differences in erosion parameters were observed at 12 months, denosumab was more efficacious than placebo in erosion repair on HR-pQCT after 24 months.References:[1]Finzel S, Rech J, Schmidt S, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor blockade induces limited repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis: a micro CT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2013;72:396-400.Figure 1.Changes in erosion parameters by HR-pQCT. (A) Percentage of patients with overall erosion healing; (B) Outcome of individual erosion with healing, progression and new erosion detected across study period; change in (C) mean erosion volume; (D) total erosion volume; (E) erosion width; (F) erosion depth and (G) marginal osteosclerosis per patient.Disclosure of Interests:Ho SO: None declared, Isaac T. Cheng: None declared, Sze-Lok Lau: None declared, Evelyn Chow: None declared, Tommy Lam: None declared, Vivian W Hung: None declared, Edmund Li: None declared, James F Griffith: None declared, Vivian WY Lee: None declared, Lin Shi: None declared, Junbin Huang: None declared, Yan Kitty Kwok: None declared, Isaac C Yim: None declared, Tena K. Li: None declared, Vincent Lo: None declared, Jolly M Lee: None declared, Jack Jock Wai Lee: None declared, Ling Qin: None declared, Lai-Shan Tam Grant/research support from: Grants from Novartis and Pfizer
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Deng, W., Y. Huang, Y. Liu, Z. Huang, S. Chen, Q. Huang, and T. W. LI. "AB0642 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BONE EROSION IN GOUT PATIENTS WITH TOPHI." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1354.2–1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3389.
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Background:Bone erosion is a frequent complication of gout patients with tophi and can lead to joint damage, deformity and musculoskeletal disability. Few studies have focused on clinical characteristics and factors associated with bone erosion in gout patients with tophi.Objectives:The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics of bone erosion in gout patients with tophi.Methods:Bone erosion was detected by X-ray. Gout patients with tophi were divided into bone erosion group and non bone erosion group. The clinical characteristics were recorded. Comparison of clinical characteristics and risk factors for bone erosion were analyzed between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results:A total of 171 gout patients with tophi were enrolled, 121 patients with bone erosion and 50 patients without bone erosion. Bone erosion group were older, with prolonged duration with gout and tophi, higher levels of serum creatinine, lower levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), C-reactive protein and BMI. In univariate regression analysis, age, gout duration, tophi duration, GFR were associated with bone erosion. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, tophi duration was independently associated with bone erosion.Conclusion:Gout patients with bone erosion present different clinical characteristics compared with those without bone erosion. Tophi duration was strongly associated with bone erosion in patients with gout.Table 1.Comparison of clinical characteristics between bone erosion patients and non bone erosion patients.Non Bone erosionBone erosionP ValueN(male)50(47)121(118)0.255Age(year)45.82±14.1553.74±14.880.002BMI (kg/m2)26.01±4.5824.18±4.720.027WBC(109/mL)9.73±3.4011.37±13.260.404PLT(109/mL)329.86±96.22328.31±124.020.938HGB(g/L)86.58±63.78102.75±51.160.201ALT(U/L)37.74 ±26.5634.26±35.260.561sUA(umol/L)540.16±121.79539.00±121.460.962sCr(umol/L)111.47±25.26135.77±52.43<0.001GFR(ml/min/1.73m2)74.01±27.9456.68±22.840.003ESR(mm/h)61.78±37.3253.08±36.700.181CRP(mg/L)60.00±58.2636.45±42.620.014Gout duration (year)9.22±5.4612.63±7.590.001Tophi duration(year)3.77±3.226.64±4.810.001Hypertension, n17520.277Diabetes, n9120.143Smoking history, n20550.513Drinking history, n14370.737Ulceration, n10350.228Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Davis, Derik L., and Michael E. Mulligan. "Osteochondroma-Related Pressure Erosions in Bony Rings Below the Waist." Open Orthopaedics Journal 9, no. 1 (November 4, 2015): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001509010520.
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This article investigates the clinical and radiological features of four cases of osteochondroma-related bony pressure erosion in adults. Rare imaging features of extrinsic pressure erosions on adjacent bones caused by solitary and familial forms of osteochondroma are presented. Although described to occur uncommonly in the paired bones of the lower leg, pressure erosion in the pelvic girdle is poorly understood. In this article, we discuss clinical contexts for management of osteochondroma-related bony pressure erosion in the mature skeleton.
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Stojsin, Ivana, Tatjana Brkanic, and Slavoljub Zivkovic. "Reflux disease as an etiological factor of dental erosion." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 138, no. 5-6 (2010): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1006292s.
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Introduction Gastroesophageal reflux is a frequent disease which has a significant influence on the development of dental erosions. Objective The aim of this research was to determine the frequency of dental erosions among the patients with gastroesophageal reflux, as well as to verify the most common symptoms of gastroesophageal disease. Methods The research comprised of two groups, each consisting of 30 patients aged 18-80 years. The experimental group comprised of patients diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), while the control group was composed of patients who were not diagnosed with GERD. Based on the illness history data, all patients of the experimental group were registered to have gastroesophageal and extraesophageal symptoms. Dental erosions were diagnosed during a stomatological inspection by using index system according to Eccles and Jenkins. Data processing was accomplished by the Statgraphics Centurion software package. Results Dental erosions were found in 76.7% of experimental group patients, and in 53.3% of control group patients. Fortynine percent of teeth of the experimental group patients and 31.1% of the control group patients showed erosive changes. On average, the number of teeth with erosions in the experimental group was 15.7 per person and in the control group 10 per person. The teeth of the front region of the upper jaw, as well as the lower first molars had the highest average value of dental erosion index. In the experimental group 12.8% of teeth and 24% of teeth in the control group were diagnosed to have dental erosion index value 1. Furthermore, 23.4% of teeth in the experimental group and 7.1% of teeth in the control group were registered to have dental erosion index value 2. Finally, the dental erosion index value 3 was found in 13.0% of teeth in the experimental group only. The highest average value of regional erosion index in the experimental group was found in the region 13-23 equalling 1.0. The same value in the control group equalled 0.6. In the experimental group the average value of dental erosion index for the upper jaw was 0.9, while this value for the lower jaw equalled 0.8. The analysis of the illness history data obtained showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two observed groups in terms of burning pain (noncardiac in origin) around the heart area, bad breath and dentine hypersensitivity as the dominant symptom of dental erosion (p<0.05). Conclusion Dental erosions could be considered to be the extraesophageal manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux. .
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Perl, M., C. Levy, and J. Bu. "Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Semi-Elliptical Crack Emanating From an Erosion at the Bore of an Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinder." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883688.
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The effect of various erosion configurations on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) distribution along the front of a semi-elliptical crack, emanating from the deepest line of the erosion surface (DLES) at the bore of an autofrettaged, pressurized thick-walled cylinder of outer to inner radius ratio, Ro/Ri = 2, is investigated. The three-dimensional (3-D) linear elastic problem is solved via the finite element (FE) method using the ANSYS 5.2 standard code. Hill’s autofrettage residual stress field is simulated by an equivalent thermal load and the SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIF distribution along the front of semi-elliptical cracks of various crack depths to wall thickness ratios, a/t = 0.05 to 0.25, and ellipticities, a/c, ranging from 0.5 to 1.5, emanating from the DLES, are determined. Three groups of erosion geometries are considered: (a) arc erosions of constant relative depth, d/t, equal to 5 percent and with relative radii of curvature, r′/t, between 5 and 30 percent; (b) semi-elliptic erosions of constant relative depth, d/t, of 5 percent with erosion ellipticity, d/h, varying from 0.3 to 2.0; and (c) semi-circular erosions of relative depth, d/t, between 1 and 10 percent of the wall thickness. The effective SIF along the crack front results from the superposition of KIP—the SIF due to pressurization, and KIA—the negative SIF due to the autofrettage residual stress field. KIP is highly dependent on the stress concentration ahead of the DLES which directly relates to the erosion geometry. The absolute value of KIA is just slightly reduced by the presence of the erosion. Its change solely depends on, and is directly proportional to, the erosion depth. Thus, while deep cracks are almost unaffected by the erosion, the effective SIF for relatively short cracks is found to be significantly enhanced by its presence and might result in a shortening of the vessel’s fatigue life by up to an order of magnitude. Also, it is shown that 2-D analysis may lead to a nonconservative estimate of the vessel’s fatigue life.
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Tamrin, Izza Nadrata. "THE ANALYSIS LANDSLIDES POTENTIAL DUE TO CHANGES OF LAND-USE IN MIU WATERSHED." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Tadulako 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/jstt.v8i1.374.
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This study aims to determine the magnitude of land-use change in the Miu watershed and to determine the relation between slope and soil type to erosions. The method used to predict the rate of erosion is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in 2005, 2010, and 2016 with the help of the Geographic Information System (GIS). This study uses data on rainfall, slope, soil type, land use, and conservation and crop management factors which are then entered into the USLE equation. From this equation, the actual erosion rate in 2005 was 2,634,104.25 tons / year, 2010 was 3,285,025.34 tons / year, and 2016 was 1,856,140.79 tons / year. The average actual erosion in 2005, 2010, and 2016 was 2,591,756.79 tons/year, which is classified as minor erosion. The landslide-prone area based on the lowest slope of 5.50% is equivalent to an area of 36 km2, for the medium it is 34.81% equivalent to an area of 228 km2, and a height of 59.69% covering an area of 391 km2 where very steep slopes dominate this river basin. The effect of significant land-use change affects the rate of erosion when there is a high intensity of rain on a steep slope so the potential for erosions in the area.
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More, Madhuri S., Rahul B. Patel, Jaymin A. Contractor, Alpa P. Pipaliya, Esha J. Desai, and Bhavik M. Patel. "A cross sectional study to assess the role of preoperative HRCT temporal bone in CSOM: a comparison between middle ear surgeries with and without pre-op HRCT." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 2 (February 23, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190046.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Importance of HRCT before middle ear surgery is proved by many published articles but most of the studies were done without evaluating the accuracy of clinical judgment at the same time.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All the patients of CSOM in whom the middle ear surgery was planned were included in the study. Total number of sample size was 80 patients. Group A: 20 patients in which HRCT temporal bone was indicated as a routine evaluation before middle ear surgeries. Group B: 60 patients in which HRCT temporal bone was not indicated. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Maximum 43.75% (35) patients belong to 21 to 30 yrs. F: M is 1.5:1. Unilateral ear disease is more common (62.5%). 41.8% had mucosal type while 16.25% had squamosal type of COM. 77.5% ears found to have hearing loss. Conductive hearing loss was the most common (43.13%). HRCT in comparison with Intra-op had Kapa value of 1 (Aditus blockage &amp; Tegmen erosion), 0.6 (sinus plate erosions), 0.5 (malleus, Incus, stapes erosions), 0.48 (Ossicular chain status), 0.46 (Scutum erosion), 0.4 (LSC fistula) and 0.3 (fallopian canal erosions. Clinical judgment in comparison with intra-op had kapa value of 1 (stapes erosion), 0.96 (aditus blockage), 0.79 (Incus erosion), 0.78 (malleus erosion) and 0.76 (ossicular chain status).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Clinical judgment is as good as or even better than CT in presuming/detecting at least individual ossicular erosions, ossicular chain status, aditus blockage and HRCT temporal bone should be reserved for high risk and complicated cases.</p>
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Grenby, Trevor H. "Methods of assessing erosion and erosive potential." European Journal of Oral Sciences 104, no. 2 (April 1996): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00069.x.
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Giosan, Liviu, Camilo Ponton, Muhammed Usman, Jerzy Blusztajn, Dorian Q. Fuller, Valier Galy, Negar Haghipour, et al. "Short communication: Massive erosion in monsoonal central India linked to late Holocene land cover degradation." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-781-2017.
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Abstract. Soil erosion plays a crucial role in transferring sediment and carbon from land to sea, yet little is known about the rhythm and rates of soil erosion prior to the most recent few centuries. Here we reconstruct a Holocene erosional history from central India, as integrated by the Godavari River in a sediment core from the Bay of Bengal. We quantify terrigenous fluxes, fingerprint sources for the lithogenic fraction and assess the age of the exported terrigenous carbon. Taken together, our data show that the monsoon decline in the late Holocene significantly increased soil erosion and the age of exported organic carbon. This acceleration of natural erosion was later exacerbated by the Neolithic adoption and Iron Age extensification of agriculture on the Deccan Plateau. Despite a constantly elevated sea level since the middle Holocene, this erosion acceleration led to a rapid growth of the continental margin. We conclude that in monsoon conditions aridity boosts rather than suppresses sediment and carbon export, acting as a monsoon erosional pump modulated by land cover conditions.
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Mohd Nor, Hikmah, and Nor Asilah Harun. "Conservative Management of Dental Erosion in Adolescents with Medical Conditions." Case Reports in Dentistry 2018 (December 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3230983.
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The prevalence of dental erosion among children and adolescents is trending higher in recent decades and is becoming a major concern. Dental erosion can be caused by either extrinsic or intrinsic acids or both. One of the established aetiological factors for dental erosion by intrinsic acid is the gastrooesophageal reflux disease. The degree of dental erosions may be influenced by any medical conditions that cause a reduction in salivary flow such as the salivary gland excision, autoimmune disease, radiation to the head and neck regions, and medications. If left untreated, the dental erosion can cause dentine hypersensitivity, loss of occlusal vertical height, and aesthetic problems. For effective management of dental erosion, the aetiology of each case must be determined, and its detection at an early stage is of prime importance. This case report illustrates the conservative management of dental erosion in two adolescent patients presented with their medical conditions and behaviour issues. The aim of the treatments was to preserve the vitality of the affected teeth. The treatments were successfully completed using a conservative approach, with the patients’ medical conditions taken into consideration.
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Jin, Yingzhao, Isaac T. Cheng, Ho So, Billy T. Lai, Shirley K. Ying, Kitty Y. Kwok, James Griffith, et al. "Effects of Secukinumab on Enthesiophyte and Erosion Progression in Psoriatic Arthritis-A One-year Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial Utilizing High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography." Journal of Clinical Rheumatology and Immunology 24, supp01 (January 2024): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661341724740572.
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Background This study aimed to ascertain the effect of secukinumab on erosion and enthesiophyte progression in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Methods This was a one-year double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCT0362386740). Patients with erosion in the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCPJ) 2-4 were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the secukinumab or placebo group. HR-pQCT of the MCPJ 2-4 were performed at baseline, week-24 and 1-year. Progression of enthesiophyte were defined as changes in enthesiophyte volume exceeding smallest detectable change (SDC) (0.12mm3) or the identification of any new enthesiophyte. Partial repair of erosion was defined as a reduction in erosion volume greater than SDC (0.1mm3). Results Forty patients (age: 51.9± 13.4 years, 20 [50%] male) were recruited. Thirty-four patients who completed study treatment were included in the per-protocol analysis. The erosion volume at baseline, week-24 and week-48 revealed significant reduction in the secukinumab group while no differences in the placebo group (Figure-3A). There was a trend suggesting that fewer patients developed new-erosions in the secukinumab group (one-erosion in one-patient) compared to the placebo group (six-erosions in five-patients) (p=0.078) (Figure-3B). A significantly higher proportion of erosions with partial healing was observed in the secukinumab group compared with the placebo group [51%vs30%, p=0.029] (Figure-3C). Regarding enthesiophyte, a total of 25-enthesiophytes were identified in both the secukinumab and placebo groups at baseline. The enthesiophyte volume at baseline, week-24 and week-48 revealed significant differences in the secukinumab group while no differences in the placebo group (Figure-3D). While one (one-enthesiophyte in one-patient) and four-enthesiophytes (four-enthesiophytes in three-patients) were newly identified in the secukinumab group and placebo group respectively (Figure-3E), the proportion of enthesiophyte progression was numerically higher in the placebo group than the secukinumab group [40%vs16%, p=0.114] at week 48 (Figure-3F). GEE results showed that the odds ratio (OR) for enthesiophyte progression in the secukinumab group was 0.264 (95% CI: 0.080-0.878, p=0.030), while the OR for partial erosion healing in the secukinumab group was 2.816 (95% CI: 1.109 to 7.153, p=0.029), adjusting for tender-joint-counts. Conclusions Secukinumab demonstrates a potential benefit in facilitating partial erosion repair and preventing enthesiophyte progression in PsA.
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EVELPIDOU, Niki, Theodoros GOURNELOS, Eirini KARDARA, and Anna KARKANI. "Fuzzy modelling of slope erosion by runoff. Case study in Corinth basin, Greece." Revista de Geomorfologie 20, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21094/rg.2018.013.
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This research applies the fuzzy set theory via Geographical Information Systems (GIS) – based analysis, in order to model slope erosion by runoff. For this purpose, the following steps were accomplished: definition of input variables (rocks’ susceptibility to erosion, slope inclination, slope morphology), development of a fuzzy inference system based on theoretical and empirical knowledge, transformation of input to output variables (erosion – deposition) and visualization of the output variables (spatial distribution of erosion–deposition processes). The method was applied on the drainage basin of Corinth, located in the north–eastern part of Peloponnese (Greece), where a series of catastrophic erosional events have recently occurred.
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Chen, Xianghua, Wenxin Chen, Liyuan Zhao, and Yekai Chen. "Influence of Buried Pipeline Leakage on the Development of Cavities in the Subgrade." Buildings 13, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071848.
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The rapid pace of urbanization has led to an increasing frequency of road collapses, posing a significant threat to urban traffic safety. Underground pipeline leakage stands out as the primary cause of such collapses. This paper presents a macroscopic analysis of the subgrade seepage erosion process caused by pipeline leakage. Model tests were conducted to investigate the formation mechanism and explore the influence of water level, water flow rate, and soil type. The study revealed that the subgrade seepage erosion caused by pipeline leakage undergoes four distinct stages: infiltration, slow erosion, rapid erosion, and erosion convergence. Soil erosion shares similarities with sand erosion in its developmental process. The water level plays a pivotal role in determining the shape and size of the eroded area caused by sand seepage erosion. The size of the erosion cavities formed during the soil seepage erosion increased along with the increase in the water flow rate. The size of the erosion cavity increased by up to 55.7% when the flow rate was increased by three times. In addition, clay soils do not undergo significant erosional damage but do produce significant settlement. The soil erosion process caused by underground leakages in pipelines was investigated using model tests in this study, which provided valuable information for researchers performing an in-depth analysis of the mechanism of roadbed cavities generated by urban underground pipeline leakage, which is critical for safeguarding people’s travel safety and decreasing social and economic losses.
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Dobiáš, J. "Forest road erosion." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 1 (January 10, 2012): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4542-jfs.
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The forest road network influences surface runoff of uninfiltrated precipitation water on forest lands, mainly in hilly and mountainous areas. This water flows onto the road crown in unpaved forest roads that do not have any ditches. Dragging of extracted logs causes mechanical damage to the crown of unpaved forest road, and tracks after tractor wheels and furrows after dragged logs originate. Flowing water is accumulated in these depressions and the water stream causes erosion. The method for evaluation of conditions for the origination and degree of this erosion damage consists in the calculation of tangential stresses near the bottom at various depths of water and various gradients of road. Limit gradients of road for the origination of greater or smaller damage by erosion for the subsoil grain of various sizes are determined by a comparison of calculated tangential stresses with critical tangential stresses. Rates of discharge were calculated for the particular models of damage.
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MILLOT, FLORENCE, GAËLLE CLAVEL, FABIEN ETCHEPARE, FRÉDÉRIQUE GANDJBAKHCH, FRANCK GRADOS, ALAIN SARAUX, ANNE-CHRISTINE RAT, BRUNO FAUTREL, PIERRE BOURGEOIS, and PATRICE FARDELLONE. "Musculoskeletal Ultrasonography in Healthy Subjects and Ultrasound Criteria for Early Arthritis (The ESPOIR Cohort)." Journal of Rheumatology 38, no. 4 (February 1, 2011): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.100379.
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Objective.To confirm the occurrence of bone erosions and synovitis in healthy subjects detectable by ultrasound (US) and to establish US criteria for early arthritis.Methods.Our study involved 127 healthy subjects matched with a cohort of patients with early arthritis (the ESPOIR cohort). The second and fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and the fifth metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of both hands and feet were assessed with US to detect bone erosion; and the second, third, fourth, and fifth MCP and the fifth MTP were evaluated for synovial thickening in B-mode US and synovial vascularity in power Doppler. Bone erosion and synovitis were defined according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials consensus.Results.Bone erosion and grade 2–3 synovial thickening in B-mode were detected in 11% and 9% of healthy subjects. To consider the diagnosis of early arthritis, a cutoff at 1 case of synovial thickening in B-mode enabled discrimination between patients with early arthritis and healthy subjects, with a good sensitivity of 74.8% (95% CI 67.2%–82.3%) and a high specificity of 90.5% (95% CI 85.4%–95.6%). If higher specificity is required to confirm the diagnosis of early arthritis, cutoff at 2 cases of synovial thickening in B-mode or at 2 cases of bone erosion gave optimal results, with specificity of 98.4% (95% CI 96.2%–100%) and 100%, respectively, and lower sensitivity of 59.8% (95% CI 51.2%–68.3%) and 17% (95% CI 10.5%–23.5%) (area under the curve = 0.85 for synovitis and 0.63 for bone erosion). Neither the combination of power Doppler signal plus bone erosion, nor bone erosions plus synovial thickening on the same joint, were seen in healthy subjects.Conclusion.A single case of bone erosion or synovial thickening in B-mode is common in healthy subjects. However, more than 1 case of synovial thickening in B-mode or bone erosion is a strong argument for the diagnosis of early inflammatory arthritis.
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Ali, Md Rayha, Zihad Ahmed, AHM Hedayutul Islam, and Md Mizanoor Rahman. "River Bank Erosion, Induced Population Migration and Adaptation Strategies in the Sirajganj Sadar Upazila, Bangladesh." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2021.2.2.131.
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Riverbank erosion, a regular natural phenomenon in the lower confluence deltaic country like Bangladesh. Among the natural disaster effecting Bangladesh each year, river bank erosion is the most vulnerable in term of effected people and loss of assets. As a riverine country there are huge number of rivers and their tributaries and distributaries criss-crossed over the country, but the mighty three rivers like the Padma, Jamuna and Meghna are mostly known for the erosional characteristics. River bank erosion possesses as a significant, endemic and recurrent natural disaster in Bangladesh by these rivers. This research is designed to explore the erosional pattern of the river Jamuna and its impact on population migration and the adaptation strategy of the migrants. For the study primary data were collected from the study area through questionnaire survey, FGD and mapping analysis while secondary data were collected from published and unpublished reports of different offices such as land office, union parisad office, census report, BBS, WDB etc. However, to analyze the trend of erosion mapping analysis was conducted through ArcGIS 10.3 and for statistical analysis SPSS software was used. The research findings indicate that the Jamuna is a highly dynamic river in term of erosion. Due to its severity and dynamic erosional pattern possess mass number of people to be displaced by losing settlements and agricultural land. River bank erosion of Jamuna River invites many obligatory problems at different stages of displacements like loss of residence, household assets, agricultural land etc. Though it pushes the victims to readjust all their activities associated to livelihood pattern as an adaptation strategy with a newer socio-environmental situation, but very often becomes unable to recover the damage even spending considerable time. From this point of view, river bank erosion needs to be considered as a unique disaster and give attention to take comprehensive riverbank erosion management policy, so that problem can be minimized to a tiny scale.
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Hải, Hà Quang. "TƯƠNG QUAN XÓI LỞ - BỒI TỤ MỘT SỐ KHU VỰC LÒNG SÔNG TIỀN, SÔNG HẬU". VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 33, № 1 (21 грудня 2011): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/33/1/269.
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Correlation of erosion - aggradation in areas along Tien and Hau RiversRiverside erosion, one of the most severe natural disasters, has been occuring along the banks of Tien river and Hau for many years. Many segments in Tan Chau, Hong Ngu, Sa Dec,… are seriously affected by the disaster. There are numbers of studies that have indentified levels, causes of the erosion process and proposed solutions for the decrease of erosional negative influences. Based on analysing satellite images, map, monitoring a series of channel cross - sections by echosounder and the study of geomorphology, the study concluded that erosion and deposition, specific natural processes of braided and meandering river in flood plains, balance one another. Bulding stone jetties and uncomprehensive management have accelerated both two processes: erosion and deposition. Combining the dredge river bed and exploitation of materials for construction is the most effective solution to reduce river shore erosion.
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Kamoto, Judith, Chisomo Mussa, Nicholas Ozor, and Kondwani Banda,. "Optimal vetiver hedgerow spacing for mitigating sediment and runoff erosion on steep slopes in Malawi." Journal of Agricultural Extension 27, no. 4 (October 20, 2023): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v27i4.9.
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This study assessed the optimum vetiver hedgerow spacing capable of reducing sediment and runoff erosion on a 17% slope. Three treatments were used: 2-meter vetiver hedgerow spacing, 4-meter vetiver hedgerow spacing, and a control plot without vetiver. Erosion pins were strategically placed on the plots and measured periodically over a period of 6 months, accompanied by daily rainfall measurements. The findings revealed the effectiveness of vetiver hedgerows in reducing sediment erosion and runoff from the plots. Notably, the 2-meter vetiver hedgerow spacing proved more efficient in reducing erosion and minimizing soil accumulation within the plot, with an average change in erosional pin height of 1.2 cm, whereas the 4-meter hedgerow spacing exhibited higher erosion rates at 2 cm, which was statistically significant. These results underscore the importance of optimizing vetiver hedgerow spacing to effectively combat soil erosion and runoff on steep slopes.
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Fernandes, Anjali M., James Buttles, and David Mohrig. "Flow substrate interactions in aggrading and degrading submarine channels." Journal of Sedimentary Research 90, no. 6 (June 5, 2020): 573–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.31.
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ABSTRACT Connecting real-time measurements of current–bed interactions to the temporal evolution of submarine channels can be extremely challenging in natural settings. We present a suite of physical experiments that offer insight into the spectrum of interactions between turbidity currents and their channels, from i) detachment-limited erosion to ii) transport-limited erosion to iii) pure deposition. In all three cases channel sinuosity influenced patterns of erosion and deposition; the outsides of bends displayed the highest erosion rates in the first two cases but showed the highest deposition rates in the third. We connect the evolution of these channels to the turbulence of the near-bed boundary layer. In the erosional experiments the beds of both channels roughened through time, developing erosional bedforms or trains of ripples. Reynolds estimates of boundary-layer roughness indicate that, in both erosional cases, the near-bed boundary layer roughened from smooth or transitionally rough to rough, whereas the depositional channel appears to have remained consistently smooth. Our results suggest that, in the absence of any changes from upstream, erosion in submarine channels is a self-reinforcing mechanism whereby developing bed roughness increases turbulence at the boundary layer, thereby inhibiting deposition, promoting sediment entrainment, and enhancing channel relief; deposition occurs in submarine channels when the boundary layer remains smooth, promoting aggradation and loss of channel relief.
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Shiraishi, Kazuteru, Ko Chiba, Kounosuke Watanabe, Nozomi Oki, Naoki Iwamoto, Shoken Amano, Akihiko Yonekura, et al. "Analysis of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis using HR-pQCT: Development of a measurement algorithm and assessment of longitudinal changes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): e0265833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265833.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to establish an algorithm for measuring bone erosions at metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), to investigate the precision of measurements, and to assess longitudinal changes in bone erosions among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The 2nd and 3rd MCP joints were scanned at a voxel size of 60.7 μm using second-generation HR-pQCT. Bone erosions on MCP joints were identified using a semi-automated algorithm we developed, and each erosion parameter was measured. Measurement reproducibility was evaluated in 19 healthy subjects using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and root mean square percent coefficient of variance (RMS%CV). Finally, longitudinal changes in bone erosions over a period of 12 months were assessed in 26 patients with RA based on the calculated least significant change (LSC). Results Reproducibilities for measurement parameters regarding bone erosions with our algorithm were good (all ICCs ≥ 0.98; all RMS%CVs < 5%). No erosion parameters showed significant changes after 12 months of treatment in terms of median values in all erosions, while both progression and repair of erosions were observed individually (e.g., erosion volume: progression, 26% (+0.62 mm3); repair, 34% (-0.85 mm3); no change, 40%). Conclusions The measurement algorithm developed for bone erosions at MCP joints showed good reproducibility. Both progression and repair of bone erosions were observed in patients with RA even after 12 months of appropriate treatment. Our algorithm may be useful to investigate the etiology of RA and assess drug efficacy.
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Shiraishi, Kazuteru, Ko Chiba, Kounosuke Watanabe, Nozomi Oki, Naoki Iwamoto, Shoken Amano, Akihiko Yonekura, et al. "Analysis of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis using HR-pQCT: Development of a measurement algorithm and assessment of longitudinal changes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): e0265833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265833.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to establish an algorithm for measuring bone erosions at metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), to investigate the precision of measurements, and to assess longitudinal changes in bone erosions among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The 2nd and 3rd MCP joints were scanned at a voxel size of 60.7 μm using second-generation HR-pQCT. Bone erosions on MCP joints were identified using a semi-automated algorithm we developed, and each erosion parameter was measured. Measurement reproducibility was evaluated in 19 healthy subjects using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and root mean square percent coefficient of variance (RMS%CV). Finally, longitudinal changes in bone erosions over a period of 12 months were assessed in 26 patients with RA based on the calculated least significant change (LSC). Results Reproducibilities for measurement parameters regarding bone erosions with our algorithm were good (all ICCs ≥ 0.98; all RMS%CVs < 5%). No erosion parameters showed significant changes after 12 months of treatment in terms of median values in all erosions, while both progression and repair of erosions were observed individually (e.g., erosion volume: progression, 26% (+0.62 mm3); repair, 34% (-0.85 mm3); no change, 40%). Conclusions The measurement algorithm developed for bone erosions at MCP joints showed good reproducibility. Both progression and repair of bone erosions were observed in patients with RA even after 12 months of appropriate treatment. Our algorithm may be useful to investigate the etiology of RA and assess drug efficacy.