Journal articles on the topic 'Erosion Surface'
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Adamkiewicz, A., and A. Waliszyn. "Studies of Erosion Resistance of Protective Coats on the Surfaces of Machine Elements Washed with Fluids." Advances in Materials Science 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2017-0033.
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AbstractThis article indicated at erosion as one of the causes of degradation of surfaces washed by fluids and conditions of its occurrence. Corrosive – erosive theory of metal surface degradation has been discussed linking it with an instance of destructive processes taking place in cylinder liner blocks of combustion engines. Physics and conditions influencing processes on liquid – washed operational surface phase boundary have been justified. Out of the contemporary hypotheses explaining the physics of cavitation erosion, the bubble theory has been considered. A mathematical model of erosion has been presented in the context of cavitation implosion energy determining crash interactions of liquid cumulative fluxes on the washed surface. Occurring plastic deformations have been graphically explained linking them with the occurrence of fatigue micro-cracks and later with erosive pits. Influence of initial steel hardness on intensity of cavitation erosion has been checked. Discussion of ways to increase metal surface resistance to cavitation erosion has been carried out.
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Wahab, Juyana A., Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali, Mochd Nazree B. Derman, and Yuichi Otsuka. "Erosive Wear Characteristics of Laser Textured Alumina-Based Coatings for Marine Applications." Solid State Phenomena 280 (August 2018): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.280.96.
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Micro-groove textured surface of alumina-based ceramic coating is successfully fabricated via laser surface texturing (LST) method. The fabrication of textured surface is aimed to improve the resistivity of components against erosive wear. In this study, a slurry pot testing is conducted to investigate erosion damage on the surface of the textured alumina-based coating. The erosive wear rate of the specimens is determined and the surface morphology of the eroded surface is examined using an SEM. From the results, it is found that the erosion damage of textured coatings is dependent on the impact angles of SiO2particles. The erosion wear mechanism is found to be varied with the formation of the micro-groove textured coatings. A significant decrease of 45 % in the erosion rate proved that the occurrence of an improved erosion resistance.
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Petsch, Carina, Anderson Augusto Volpato Sccoti, Luís Eduardo de Souza Robaina, and Romario Trentin. "Controlling factors and mapping of linear erosive features in Santa Maria river watershed –RS." Revista Brasileira de Geomorfologia 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 1876–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20502/rbg.v23i4.2151.
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Water erosion is one of the main causes of soil degradation and linear erosion mapping is one of the essential tools for its monitoring. In light of this, the goal from this research is to map the linear erosive features (LEF) of the Santa Maria River Basin (BHRSM), southwest region of RS, and understand which environmental factors are controlling or triggering erosion. In western RS there is a considerable concern associated with erosive processes that occupy large extensions and cause changes in the dynamics of use and changes in the environment. Data on geology, soils, hypsometry, slope, land use, drainage channels and roads were analyzed in a GIS environment. The erosive processes in BHRSM are inherent to the less consolidated sandy substrate, configuring a natural process. The relief energy for the incision of water flows is meaningful, since the LEF are related to moderate slope in portions of medium altitudes. However, anthropogenic action accelerates erosive processes. It is noteworthy that the increase in the area occupied by crops, doubled in the period of 20 years, configuring a new landscape and dynamics for BHRSM, demanding special attention to this region that tends to intensify the erosivy processes
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Khan, Rehan, Hamdan H. Ya, William Pao, and Armaghan Khan. "Erosion–Corrosion of 30°, 60°, and 90° Carbon Steel Elbows in a Multiphase Flow Containing Sand Particles." Materials 12, no. 23 (November 26, 2019): 3898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12233898.
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Erosion–corrosion in flow changing devices as a result of sand transportation is a serious concern in the hydrocarbon and mineral processing industry. In this work, the flow accelerated erosion–corrosion mechanism of 90°, 60°, and 30° long radius horizontal–horizontal (H–H) carbon steel elbows with an inner diameter of 50.8 mm were investigated in an experimental closed-flow loop. For these geometrical configurations, erosion–corrosion was elucidated for erosive slug flow regimes and the extent of material degradation is reported in detail. Qualitative techniques such as multilayer paint modeling and microscopic surface imaging were used to scrutinize the flow accelerated erosion–corrosion mechanism. The 3D roughness characterization of the surface indicates that maximum roughness appears in downstream adjacent to the outlet of the 90° elbow. Microscopic surface imaging of eroded elbow surfaces disseminates the presence of corrosion pits on the exit regions of the 90° and 60° elbows, but erosion scars were formed on the entry regions of the 30° elbow. Surface characterization and mass loss results indicated that changing the elbow geometrical configuration from a small angle to wide angle significantly changed the mechanical wear mechanism of the tested elbows. Moreover, the maximum erosive location was identified at the top of the horizontally-oriented elbow for slug flow.
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Campbell, Daniel R., Claude Lavoie, and Line Rochefort. "Wind erosion and surface stability in abandoned milled peatlands." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 82, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-089.
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Peatlands exploited for their peat by the method of milling are poorly recolonized by plants after the cessation of extraction activities, in part due to unstable peat substrates. Wind erosion has been suspected to play a role in this instability. Four studies were conducted to investigate the role of wind erosion on abandoned milled peatlands. A wind tunnel experiment was performed to evaluate the erodibility of dry, loose peat as a function of its degree of decomposition. A second wind tunnel experiment was conducted to determine how crusted peats differ in their resistance to erosion as a function of their degree of decomposition, without the input of abraders. Third, wind profiles were measured in milled, revegetated and natural peatlands in southeastern Québec to determine their aerodynamic roughness length. Finally, field measurements were made at three abandoned milled peatlands through two field seasons to characterize substrate stability and particle movement. In the wind tunnel, the erodibility of loose surface peat decreased with increasing decomposition and was predicted by their equivalent diameter to mineral particles 0.84 mm in diameter. However, once surface crusts formed, peats were all resistant to erosion. Surfaces of abandoned milled peatlands were aerodynamically smooth; therefore, exposed surface elements are subject to strong erosive forces during wind events. The greatest subsidence on abandoned milled peatlands occurred in the spring, prior to the surface movement of particles. Erosion during the summer could not be clearly detected. The instability of the peat surface remains a constraint for the restoration of abandoned milled surfaces. Key Words: Peat, cutover peatland, wind erosion, soil crust, roughness length, soil stability
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Stark, Colin P., and Gavin J. Stark. "The direction of landscape erosion." Earth Surface Dynamics 10, no. 3 (May 3, 2022): 383–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-383-2022.
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Abstract. The rate of erosion of a landscape depends largely on local gradient and material fluxes. Since both quantities are functions of the shape of the catchment surface, this dependence constitutes a mathematical straitjacket, in the sense that – subject to simplifying assumptions about the erosion process, and absent variations in external forcing and erodibility – the rate of change of surface geometry is solely a function of surface geometry. Here we demonstrate how to use this geometric self-constraint to convert a gradient-dependent erosion model into its equivalent Hamiltonian, and explore the implications of having a Hamiltonian description of the erosion process. To achieve this conversion, we recognize that the rate of erosion defines the velocity of surface motion in its orthogonal direction, and we express this rate in its reciprocal form as the surface-normal slowness. By rewriting surface tilt in terms of normal slowness components and deploying a substitution developed in geometric mechanics, we extract what is known as the fundamental metric function of the model phase space; its square is the Hamiltonian. Such a Hamiltonian provides several new ways to solve for the evolution of an erosion surface: here we use it to derive Hamilton's ray-tracing equations, which describe both the velocity of a surface point and the rate of change of the surface-normal slowness at that point. In this context, gradient-dependent erosion involves two distinct directions: (i) the surface-normal direction, which points subvertically downwards, and (ii) the erosion ray direction, which points upstream at a generally small angle to horizontal with a sign controlled by the scaling of erosion with slope. If the model erosion rate scales faster than linearly with gradient, the rays point obliquely upwards, but if erosion scales sublinearly with gradient, the rays point obliquely downwards. This dependence of erosional anisotropy on gradient scaling explains why, as previous studies have shown, model knickpoints behave in two distinct ways depending on the gradient exponent. Analysis of the Hamiltonian shows that the erosion rays carry boundary-condition information upstream, and that they are geodesics, meaning that surface evolution takes the path of least erosion time. Correspondingly, the time it takes for external changes to propagate into and change a landscape is set by the velocity of these rays. The Hamiltonian also reveals that gradient-dependent erosion surfaces have a critical tilt, given by a simple function of the gradient scaling exponent, at which ray-propagation behaviour changes. Channel profiles generated from the non-dimensionalized Hamiltonian have a shape entirely determined by the scaling exponents and by a dimensionless erosion rate expressed as the surface tilt at the downstream boundary.
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GONDIM, Brenna Louise Cavalcanti, Isabella Cavalcante MEDEIROS, Bruna Palmeira COSTA, Hugo Lemes CARLO, Rogério Lacerda dos SANTOS, and Fabíola Galbiatti de CARVALHO. "Effects of erosive challenge on the morphology and surface properties of luting cements." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 45, no. 2 (March 15, 2016): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.022315.
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Abstract Introduction Few studies investigated the surface properties of luting cements after erosive challenge. Objective To evaluate the surface roughness (Ra), Vickers hardness (VHN) and morphology of 4 luting cements after erosive challenge. Material and method Twenty specimens of each cement were prepared (4×2mm) and divided into experimental (erosive challenge) and control (artificial saliva) groups (n=10): Rely X U200 (U200); Rely X ARC (ARC); Ketac Cem Easy Mix (Ketac) and Zinc phosphate (ZnP). The erosive challenge was performed by four daily erosive cycles (90s) in a cola drink and 2 h in artificial saliva over 7 days. Ra and VHN readings were performed before and after erosion. The percentage of hardness loss (%VHN) was obtained after erosion. The surface morphology was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). ANOVA, Tukey and Student-T tests were used (α=0.05). Result After erosion, all luting cements had increase in Ra values and U200 and ZnP groups had the highest %VHN. After saliva immersion, only U200 and ZnP groups had significant increases in Ra values and there were no significant differences among the groups in %VHN. SEM analysis showed that Ketac and ZnP groups had rough and porous surfaces, and U200 group had higher resin matrix degradation than ARC group. Conclusion Erosive challenge with a cola drink affected the surface properties of all luting cements.
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Selokar, Ashish, Ravi Kant, D. B. Goel, and U. Prakash. "Solid Particle Erosion Behaviour of Martensitic and Nitrogen Alloyed Austenitic Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1043 (October 2014): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1043.45.
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In the present work, comparison of solid particle erosive behaviour of 13/4 steel and Nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless steel (23/8N steel) have been studied using air jet erosion testing. Air jet erosion testing has been performed at various angles for as received samples at 31 m/s velocity and a discharge rate of 3 gm per minute by alumina particles with angular shape and 53-63μm size. Microstructure, eroded surface characteristics, mechanical properties and erosion rate are characterized by using scanning electron microscope, hardness and tensile testing. 23/8N steel shows good hardness coupled with high tensile toughness and work hardening ability, which leads to improved erosion resistance. The surface morphology analysis of the worn out surfaces, cumulative weight loss measurements and steady state of erosion rate results were used to understand the effect of nitrogen on the degradation mechanisms. The results show that 23/8N steel exhibits excellent resistance to erosion in comparison to13/4 steel.
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Ollier, C. D., G. F. M. Gaunt, and Irinah Jurkowski. "The Kimberley Plateau, Western Australia. A Precambrian Erosion Surface." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 32, no. 2 (July 5, 1988): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/32/1988/239.
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Kotarska, Aleksandra. "The Laser Alloying Process of Ductile Cast Iron Surface with Titanium." Metals 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020282.
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The article presents the results of the laser alloying process of ductile cast iron EN-GJS 350-22 surface with titanium. The laser alloying process was conducted on 2 kW high power diode laser (HPDDL) Rofin Sinar DL02 with rectangular focus and uniform power density distribution in the focus axis. The laser alloying was conducted with constant laser beam power and processing speed with titanium powder feed rate variation. The tests of the produced surface layers included macrostructure and microstructure observations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, Vickers hardness, and solid particle erosion according to ASTM G76-04 standard. To assess the erosion mechanism, SEM observations of worn surfaces after erosive test were carried out. As a result of laser alloying of a ductile cast iron surface, the in situ metal-matrix composite structure was formed with TiC reinforcing particles. The microstructure change resulted in the increase of surface layers hardness and erosion resistance in comparison to the base material.
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Erdoğan, Aygen A., Erol Feyzullahoğlu, Sinan Fidan, and Tamer Sinmazçelik. "Investigation of erosive wear behaviors of AA6082-T6 aluminum alloy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 3 (January 14, 2020): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420719899686.
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AA6082-T6 aluminum alloys are widely used in various applications in automotive and aircraft industries. They offer an attractive combination of surface properties, strength and corrosion resistance. The structural components manufactured by AA6082-T6 aluminum alloys can be exposed to impingement of solid particles throughout their service life. In this study, erosive wear behaviors of AA6082-T6 aluminum alloy were investigated. For the evaluation of erosive wear induced by solid particle impacts, a detailed study was conducted on AA6082-T6 aluminum alloy by using aluminum oxide (Al2O3) erodent particles. Two different particles were used in solid particle erosion tests, which are 60 mesh (212–300 µm) and 120 mesh (90–125 µm), respectively. Also, the aluminum alloy samples were tested under two different air pressures (1.5 bar and 3 bar). The erosive wear tests were carried out according to ASTM G76 standard at six various impact angles (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°). The surface roughness and morphology of worn samples were analyzed by using a non-contact laser profilometer. It was found that erodent particle size affected the surface erosion damage, erosion rate, crater morphology and roughness. The eroded surfaces of specimens were analyzed by SEM. The surfaces of specimens were also investigated by using EDS in SEM studies.
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Flemming, Jasmin, Christian Hannig, and Matthias Hannig. "Caries Management—The Role of Surface Interactions in De- and Remineralization-Processes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 7044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237044.
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Background: Bioadhesion and surface interactions on enamel are of essential relevance for initiation, progression and prevention of caries and erosions. Salivary proteins on and within initial carious and erosive lesions can facilitate or aggravate de- and remineralization. This applies for the pellicle layer, the subsurface pellicle and for proteins within initial carious lesions. Little is known about these proteinaceous structures related to initial caries and erosion. Accordingly, there is a considerable demand for an understanding of the underlying processes occurring at the interface between the tooth surface and the oral cavity in order to develop novel agents that limit and modulate caries and erosion. Objectives and findings: The present paper depicts the current knowledge of the processes occurring at the interface of the tooth surface and the oral fluids. Proteinaceous layers on dental hard tissues can prevent or aggravate demineralization processes, whereas proteins within initial erosive or carious lesions might hinder remineralization considerably and restrict the entry of ions into lesions. Conclusions: Despite the fact that organic–inorganic surface interactions are of essential relevance for de- and remineralization processes at the tooth surface, there is limited knowledge on these clinically relevant phenomena. Accordingly, intensive research is necessary to develop new approaches in preventive dentistry.
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Chen, Shanqun, Runchao Tang, Longzhu Zhang, and Bin Liao. "Numerical Investigation of Wind Erosion to the Grooved Concrete Wall Surface under a Wind-Blown Sand Movement." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (January 19, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1604186.
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Wind erosion to the grooved concrete wall surface under a wind-blown sand movement was numerically studied. Particularly, the influencing factors that affect the wind erosion to the grooved concrete wall surface were systematically investigated by using the RNG k − ε turbulence model combined with the discrete phase model (DPM). It was found that, under a relatively low impact angle, the damage mechanism to the grooved wall surface is wind-blown sand impact, and the erosion rates of the grooved wall surfaces are higher than those of the smooth wall surfaces. By contrast, under a relatively high impact angle, the damage mechanism to the grooved wall surface transfers to the microcutting effect, and the erosion rates show an opposite trend. The optimization rates between the erosion of grooved and smooth wall surfaces increase with increasing groove size or groove number. However, the damage mechanism to the grooved wall surface is hardly changed by expanding the groove area. The erosion rate distribution and the optimization rates of the groove wall surfaces are not significantly changed by adjusting the spacing between the grooves alone. When the groove shape changes from semicircular to rectangular, the erosion rate distribution is significantly changed, and the wear resistance of the changed grooved wall surface gets better.
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Burkersroda, Friederike von, Luise Schedl, and Achim Göpferich. "Why degradable polymers undergo surface erosion or bulk erosion." Biomaterials 23, no. 21 (November 2002): 4221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00170-9.
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Tuo, Dengfeng, Mingxiang Xu, Liqian Gao, Shuai Zhang, and Sihan Liu. "Changed surface roughness by wind erosion accelerates water erosion." Journal of Soils and Sediments 16, no. 1 (June 12, 2015): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1171-x.
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Bayrak, Sule, Nuray Tuloglu, Huseyin Bicer, and Emine Sen Tunc. "Effect of Fluoride Varnish Containing CPP-ACP on Preventing Enamel Erosion." Scanning 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1897825.
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This study aimed to investigate the effect of a fluoride varnish with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate treatment on the prevention of enamel erosion, and it compared the results with those of other fluoride varnishes. Fifty enamel specimens obtained from bovine incisors were randomly divided into five groups (n=10) based on the type of surface pretreatment used: intact enamel (Group 1); intact enamel+erosive cycles (Group 2); intact enamel+MI varnish+erosive cycles (Group 3); intact enamel+Clinpro White varnish+erosive cycles (Group 4); and intact enamel+Duraphat varnish+erosive cycles (Group 5). The specimens were subjected to erosive cycles for five days. The surface roughness was evaluated using atomic force microscopy. The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests. Group 1 had the smoothest surfaces. After the erosive cycles, the greatest surface roughness values were observed in Group 2, followed by Groups 5, 4, and 3, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed among all groups (p<0.05). The application of fluoride varnishes had some positive effects on preventing enamel erosion; however, the most effective agent was fluoride varnish with added casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate.
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Krawczyk, Janusz, Michał Bembenek, Łukasz Frocisz, Tomasz Śleboda, and Marek Paćko. "The Effect of Sandblasting on Properties and Structures of the DC03/1.0347, DC04/1.0338, DC05/1.0312, and DD14/1.0389 Steels for Deep Drawing." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 3540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133540.
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The erosion phenomenon has a significant influence on many metallic materials used in numerous industrial sectors. In this paper, we present the results of an analysis of the influence of abrasive impact erosion on surface and properties of DC03/1.0347, DC04/1.0338, DC05/1.0312, and DD14/1.0389 deep drawing steels. The chemical composition, static tensile tests, hardness tests, drawability tests, erosion tests, microstructure analysis, surface roughness, and hardness of the plates were investigated. The wear mechanisms and wear behavior of the investigated steels were also discussed. The results obtained in this study allowed the assessment of the microstructural changes in deep drawing steels under the influence of intense erosive impact. The obtained results indicate that the erosive impact may cause a significant grain refinement of the microstructure of the surfaces of the investigated materials. Moreover, large amounts of heat released during erosive impact may cause the material phase changes. This research expands the knowledge on specific mechanisms taking place during sandblasting and their influence on the properties of deep drawing steels and their wear behavior.
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Bao, Ruotian, Junhong Li, Lin Li, Teresa J. Cutright, Long Chen, Jiahua Zhu, and Junliang Tao. "Effect of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation on Surface Erosion and Scour of Granular Soils." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2657, no. 1 (January 2017): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2657-02.
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Erosion is relevant to a variety of infrastructure problems such as bridge scour, roadway shoulder erosion, coastal erosion, and riverbank and slope stability. This research investigated the feasibility of using microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) as an erosion countermeasure. MICP is a natural phenomenon in which calcite precipitation occurs as a consequence of microbial metabolic activity. The precipitated calcite modifies the soil fabric and provides an additional bonding force between soil particles. In this paper, a preliminary experimental study on the erosional behavior of MICP-treated sand is presented. A standard soil, Ottawa graded sand, was treated with a bacterium (Sporosarcina pasteurii) in a full-contact reactor-one in which the soil in a fabric mold was fully immersed in the bacteria and cementation solution. The morphologies and crystalline structures of the precipitated calcite in porous sediments were characterized using microscopic imaging techniques. The treated soil samples were tested in a flume to investigate the erosional behavior; both surface erosion and bridge scour tests were conducted. Although the untreated soil is highly erodible, the erosion of the treated sand was found to be negligible under the circumstances of the test; however, some concerns were raised regarding practical applications. Efforts will be made in the future to identify alternative treatment procedures that are more applicable to the field.
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Assouline, S., G. Govers, and M. A. Nearing. "Erosion and Lateral Surface Processes." Vadose Zone Journal 16, no. 12 (December 2017): vzj2017.11.0194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2017.11.0194.
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Madanshetty, Sameer I. "Microcavitation‐assisted selective surface erosion." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 5 (November 2000): 2492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4743200.
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LI, R., H. TAKAYASU, and H. INAOKA. "WATER EROSION ON FRACTAL SURFACE." Fractals 04, no. 03 (September 1996): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x96000509.
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We study numerically the water erosion process under a variety of conditions. The water erosion model that we use leads to a universal exponent describing the fractal basin area distribution in the steady state.
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Parsons, Charles A. "EROSION OF SURFACE CONDENSER TUBES1." Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 39, no. 3 (March 18, 2009): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1927.tb02036.x.
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Buravova, Svetlana. "Surface erosion under particle impact." High Pressure Research 11, no. 4 (May 1993): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08957959308201648.
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Fang, Zi Qiang, Song Lin Peng, and Liang Zhang. "A Test System for Plastic Metal Materials Subjected to Multi-particle Erosion via Air Ejector." Defect and Diffusion Forum 419 (October 20, 2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-4w8lu2.
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Erosive wear of working part is an usual damage mode of mechanized equipment in engineering, which is caused by multiple particle impacts with different impact angles and velocities. A test system for plastic metal materials subjected to multi-particle erosion is designed and manufactured. Based on the test system, trial samples of plastic metal materials suffered to multiple particle impacts can be produced via an air ejector, while images of corresponding damage surface can be observed with electron microscope. Erosion experiments of the twice particle erosions in succession were carried out through the experimental system with two different impact angles, i.e. 90° and 30°, and at a fixed impact velocity of 120 m/s. From the experiment results, it can be expected that the experimental system is suitable to laboratory tests of multi-particle erosion for plastic metal materials with reference to practical conditions in engineering.
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Wadsworth, Jennifer A., and Roger G. Walker. "Morphology and origin of erosion surfaces in the Cardium Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Western Interior Seaway, Alberta) and their implications for rapid sea level fluctuations." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-135.
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The morphology of three basin-wide erosion surfaces has been defined using 7869 resistivity well logs, over an area of about 50 000 km2. The lowest of these, designated E6, is topographically smooth, and has no incised steps or low areas. It cuts into marine mudstones, and indicates either an uninterrupted erosive transgression following a major lowering of relative sea level, or wave scouring of the substrate following a very minor lowering of sea level. Erosion surface E6.5 also cuts into marine mudstones, but its overall morphology is less well understood owing to subsequent dissection by surface E7. This surface (E7) is characterized by three strike-parallel linear low areas that die out northwestward. These linear lows are up to 40 km wide, 36 m deep, and have irregular to symmetrical cross-sectional profiles. They cut into, and are filled with, marine mudstones, and their origin is enigmatic. The differences in the morphologies of the surfaces suggest the interplay of several controlling parameters: (i) steady transgression versus transgression interrupted by stillstands; (ii) absolute depth of erosion during transgression, which in turn controls the preservation or erosion of incised river valleys; (iii) wave scouring of substrate in response to minor lowerings of sea level; and (iv) availability of coarse sediment and river gradients steep enough for its transport to the shoreline. The average time span between erosion surfaces is 300 000 – 350 000 years. This timing is hard to explain tectonically, or in terms of global eustacy, suggesting the possibility of glacio-eustatic control of fluctuations in relative sea level.
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Wang, Zhiguo, Jinpeng Song, Tianyi Wang, Huixin Wang, and Qinghua Wang. "Laser Texturing for Superwetting Titanium Alloy and Investigation of Its Erosion Resistance." Coatings 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121547.
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Erosion of materials is one of the major causes that lead to the malfunction of equipment and facilities, and surface texturing can be a solution for enhancement of erosion resistance. In this work, superwetting (superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic) titanium (Ti) alloy surface with periodic microstructure was prepared by a facile laser-based surface texturing approach which combines laser surface texturing and low-temperature annealing. The effect of laser-induced surface texture and wettability on the erosion resistance of the laser textured surface was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the chemical surface microstructure and surface on the untreated and laser textured surfaces. The hardness and contact angle of the untreated surface, superhydrophilic surface and superhydrophobic surface were measured by microhardness tester and contact angle goniometer. Using an in-house built erosion experimental setup, the erosion resistance of the untreated surface, superhydrophilic surface and superhydrophobic surface was investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that micro-bumps are formed after laser surface texturing. In the meantime, the surface hardness for the laser textured surface with a step size of 150 μm is increased by 48% under the load of 1.961 N. Compared with the untreated surface, the erosion resistance is increased by 33.9%, 23.8% and 16.1%, respectively, for the superhydrophobic surface. The SEM results show that the untreated surface has large and deep impact pits, while the superhydrophobic surface only has small and shallow impact pits, indicating that the erosion process resulted in less damage to the substrate. The EDS results shows that superhydrophobicity plays a critical role in protecting the substrate from erosion. It is thus believed that the superhydrophobic surface has pronounced effects for improving the hardness and erosion resistance of Ti alloy.
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C. Okonkwo, Paul, Mostafa H. Sliem, Mobbassar Hassan Sk, Rana Abdul Shakoor, Adel Amer Mohamed, Aboubakr M. Abdullah, and Ramazan Kahraman. "Erosion Behavior of API X120 Steel: Effect of Particle Speed and Impact Angle." Coatings 8, no. 10 (September 26, 2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100343.
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The dry erosion behavior of API-X120 pipeline steel was investigated, under the erosive interaction of aluminum oxide particulates, in a range of speed (43–167 m·s−1) and impact angle (30°–90°). Erosion behavior is characterized by surface profile measurement, weight loss measurement, and surface morphology analysis by SEM/EDX. Optical profilometry revealed that the eroded area increased with elevating speed of particles while the penetration depth increased with the increases in impact angle as well as particle speed. Percent weight loss and normalized erosion rate indicated that the lower impact angles and higher speeds led to higher materials loss and erosion. SEM analyses on various combinations of impact angles and particle speeds demonstrated the predominant erosion mechanism under those specific conditions; attributed to the intensity of the resolved components of the momentum vector horizontal or normal to the target metal surface under those conditions.
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Oberholzer, P., C. Baroni, M. C. Salvatore, H. Baur, and R. Wieler. "Dating late Cenozoic erosional surfaces in Victoria Land, Antarctica, with cosmogenic neon in pyroxenes." Antarctic Science 20, no. 1 (November 27, 2007): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410200700079x.
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AbstractWe present 21Ne exposure ages of erosional glaciogenic rock surfaces on nunataks in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica: i) in the Prince Albert Mountains and ii) near Mesa Range. These nunataks are located directly at the margin of the polar plateau and therefore provide an immediate record of ice volume changes of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, not biased by ice shelf grounding or narrow valley sections downstream the outlet glaciers. The sampling locations overlook the present ice surface by less than 200 m, but were last covered by ice 3.5 Ma bp (minimum age, not corrected for erosion). This strongly indicates that the ice sheet has not been substantially thicker than today since at least the early Pliocene, which supports the hypothesis of a stable East Antarctic Ice Sheet. First absolute ages are reported for the alpine topography above the erosive trimline that typically marks the upper limit of glacial activity in northern Victoria Land. Unexpectedly low nuclide concentrations suggest that erosion rates on the alpine topography are considerably higher due to the steep slopes than those affecting flat erosional surfaces carrying Antarctic tors.
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Sutarto, T. E., A. N. T. Papanicolaou, and C. G. Wilson. "Low amplitude of streambank erosion: distinguishing mass and surface fluvial erosions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 451 (March 31, 2020): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012093.
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Giosan, Liviu, Camilo Ponton, Muhammed Usman, Jerzy Blusztajn, Dorian Q. Fuller, Valier Galy, Negar Haghipour, et al. "Short communication: Massive erosion in monsoonal central India linked to late Holocene land cover degradation." Earth Surface Dynamics 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-5-781-2017.
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Abstract. Soil erosion plays a crucial role in transferring sediment and carbon from land to sea, yet little is known about the rhythm and rates of soil erosion prior to the most recent few centuries. Here we reconstruct a Holocene erosional history from central India, as integrated by the Godavari River in a sediment core from the Bay of Bengal. We quantify terrigenous fluxes, fingerprint sources for the lithogenic fraction and assess the age of the exported terrigenous carbon. Taken together, our data show that the monsoon decline in the late Holocene significantly increased soil erosion and the age of exported organic carbon. This acceleration of natural erosion was later exacerbated by the Neolithic adoption and Iron Age extensification of agriculture on the Deccan Plateau. Despite a constantly elevated sea level since the middle Holocene, this erosion acceleration led to a rapid growth of the continental margin. We conclude that in monsoon conditions aridity boosts rather than suppresses sediment and carbon export, acting as a monsoon erosional pump modulated by land cover conditions.
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Kinnell, PIA, CJ Chartres, and CL Watson. "The effects of fire on the soil in a degraded semiarid woodland .II. Susceptibility of the soil to erosion by shallow rain impacted flow." Soil Research 28, no. 5 (1990): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900779.
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Small (500 by 250 by 100 mm) soil monoliths collected from experimental plots subjected to various fire frequencies in a semi-arid woodland near Coolabah, N.S.W., were tested for their susceptibility to erosion by rain-impacted flows under laboratory conditions. In the tests, the erosive stress applied to the soil surfaces was controlled by using drops of uniform size (2.7 mm) falling 11.2 m onto flows whose depths were controlled between 1 and 2.7 drop diameters. Experimental data and thin-section observations showed that cryptogams provide a high degree of protection against erosion. Sediment concentration (measured in g L-1) from cryptogam-covered plots was considerably less than that from both bare-crusted surfaces and surfaces dominated by depositional material. Surfaces with cryptogamic crusts were generally free of debris, but showed only minor signs of erosion, whereas bare-crusted and depositionary surfaces suffered pronounced lowering and tended to disintegrate. Because increasing fire frequency reduces the spatial distribution of the cryptogamic cover on the soil surface in the semi-arid woodlands, increasing fire frequency must increase the erosion hazard.
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Edwards, Jeremy K., Brenton S. McLaury, and Siamack A. Shirazi. "Modeling Solid Particle Erosion in Elbows and Plugged Tees." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 123, no. 4 (June 7, 2001): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1413773.
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Predicted erosion patterns on the surface of a pipe fitting can now be obtained using a technique implemented into a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. This comprehensive erosion prediction procedure consists of 1) generation of a flow field simulation, 2) computation of a large number of particle trajectories inside the flow field, and 3) erosion model equations applied as particles impinge the walls of the geometry. Other quantities related to erosion, namely the particle deposition rate as well as local average impingement angle and velocity components, are also stored in the procedure. All predicted quantities (flow solution, particle trajectories, and erosion profiles) are analyzed using a three-dimensional visualization tool that was also developed. The current work focuses on two pipe fittings commonly used in the oil and gas production industry: elbows and plugged tees. First, the flow field and erosion predictions are evaluated through comparisons with experimental data. Erosion predictions yield trends and locations of maximum wear that are consistent with experimental observations. Next, two 90-deg pipe elbows with centerline curvature-to-diameter ratios of 1.5 and 5.0 are analyzed under prescribed erosive conditions. Predicted erosion results are presented in the form of surface contours. Finally, a simulated plugged tee geometry placed under erosive conditions is studied and erosion rates are compared to that of the two elbow test cases.
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Stokes, Martin, Anne Mather, Angel Rodes, Samantha Kearsey, and Shaun Lewin. "Anatomy, Age and Origin of an Intramontane Top Basin Surface (Sorbas Basin, Betic Cordillera, SE Spain)." Quaternary 1, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quat1020015.
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Collisional mountain belts commonly develop intramontane basins from mechanical and isostatic subsidence during orogenic development. These frequently display a relict top surface, evidencing a change interval from basin infilling to erosion often via capture or overspill. Such surfaces provide markers that inform on orogenic growth patterns via climate and base level interplay. Here, we describe the top surface from the Sorbas Basin, a key intramontane basin within the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain). The surface is fragmentary comprising high elevation hilltops and discontinuous ridges developed onto the variably deformed final basin infill outcrop (Gochar Formation). We reconstruct surface configuration using DEM interpolation and apply 10Be/26Al cosmonuclides to assess surface formation timing. The surface is a degraded Early Pleistocene erosional pediment developed via autogenic switching of alluvial fan streams under stable dryland climate and base level conditions. Base-level lowering since the Middle Pleistocene focused headwards incision up interfan drainages, culminating in fan head capture and fan morphological preservation within the abandoned surface. Post abandonment erosion has lowered the basin surface by 31 m (average) and removed ~5.95 km3 of fill. Regional basin comparisons reveal a phase of Early Pleistocene surface formation, marking landscape stability following the most recent Pliocene-Early Pleistocene mountain building. Post-surface erosion rate quantification is low and in accordance with 10Be denudation rates typical of the low uplift Betic Cordillera.
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Mazur, Andrzej, and Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko. "The Assessment of the Usefulness of Miscanthus x giganteus to Water and Soil Protection against Erosive Degradation." Resources 10, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10070066.
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Water erosion is one of the major factors of soil degradation in the world. Various methods have been developed to prevent soil erosion. One of them is the use of anti-erosion belts on slopes, but it has both positive and negative effects. In order to minimize the negative effects, this study proposes the use of perennial grass in place of the most commonly used trees and shrubs. The paper presents studies on the erosion control effectiveness of a strip planted with Miscanthus x giganteus, established on a loess slope. Surface runoff of water and its constituents and erosion damage was studied on the experimental plot with a separate anti-erosion belt and the control plot. Obtained results indicate the anti-erosion efficiency of the established strip in the context of soil protection from water erosion and surface water protection from pollution, although, in the first years of vegetation, miscanthus has not yet reached the stage of full development. The average surface water runoff relating to precipitation causing the erosive event was 17.1% higher in the control plot than in the experimental plot. The volume of erosion damage in the form of rill erosion was 89.3% higher in the control plot. On the other hand, the volume of erosion damages in surface erosion and patches of deposited silts was lower by 14.7% and 21.6%, respectively. Soil losses from the control plot were 29% higher than those from the experimental plot. Dissolved plant nutrient runoff was also higher from the control plot by: 33.4% N-Ntot, 31.3% N-NH4, 42.7% N-NO3, 21.6% N-NO2, 22.9% P-Ptot, 24.1% K.
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Shanmugam, Suresh Kumar, Thirumalai Kumaran Sundaresan, Temel Varol, and Rendi Kurniawan. "Solid Particle Erosion Studies of Varying Tow-Scale Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites." Materials 15, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 7534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217534.
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Solid particle erosion inevitably occurs if a gas–solid or liquid–solid mixture is in contact with a surface, e.g., in pneumatic conveyors. Nowadays, an erosive failure of the component after the usage of a long period has been gaining the interest of the researchers. In this research work, carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are prepared by varying the tow sizes of fibres, such as 5k, 10k, and 15k. The prepared composites are subjected to erosion studies by varying the process parameters, such as the impact angle (30, 60, and 90 degrees) and velocity (72, 100, and 129 m/s). The Taguchi orthogonal array design has been employed for the experimental plan and the erosion rate and surface roughness are observed for each run. The changes in the responses are reported for varying process parameters. The higher erodent velocity of 129m/s leads to higher erosion rates and forms poor surface quality. The minimum impact angle of 30 degrees provides higher erosion rates and higher surface roughness than the other impingement angles. Finally, the eroded surface of each sample is examined through microscopic and 3D profilometer images and the erosion mechanism is analysed at different conditions. The eroded particles supplied at lower speeds do not penetrate the composite surface. However, it is well-known that the lower the collision force, the harder the traces on the surface, yet no sign of fibre breaking or pull-out is observed. The passage of erodent particles on the composite caused surface waviness (flow trace), which prevents the surface from degrading.
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Lu, Zhen Lin, Zhi Guo Xing, Yong Xin Zhou, and Hui Xie. "Study on the Erosion Wear Properties of Reaction-Bonded SiC." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.364.
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The erosion wear behaviors and mechanism of reaction-bonded silicon carbide were studied by jet erosion wear tester and SEM surface analysis in this paper. The results show that the erosive wear rate of reaction-bonded silicon carbide would be increased and then decreased with the increase of erosion angle and would reach the peak value when the erosion angle is at 60º. It is lower than that of high chromium cast iron at all of test erosion angle. The reaction bonded SiC will show better erosion wear behaviors when the SiC particle size matches with the amount of free silicon. The erosion wear mechanism of reaction bonded SiC was analyzed.
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Zhang, Ji Xin, Jian Chun Fan, Yong Jin Xie, and Han Chuan Wu. "Research on Erosion of Metal Materials for High Pressure Pipelines." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 1592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.1592.
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Erosion phenomenon is quite common in petroleum industry, as one of the main mechanisms of material degradation, occurs frequently on high-pressure pipelines in hydraulic fracturing operation. With the increasing of operation times, the erosion and corrosion defects on the inner surface of the pipeline, would lead to serious material loss and equipment failure. In this paper a new type of test machine was developed to simulate the erosive wear behavior of metal materials caused by the multiphase fluid such as fracturing fluid, and study the erosion failure mechanism by various metal erosion influencing factors including the velocity of multiphase flow, solid particles of fracturing proppant and impact angles, etc. The erosion-wear experiments on 20CrNiMo steels used in high-pressure pipelines is described in detail. Finally, the microcosmic surface testing was also used to analyze the erosion failure mechanism of metal materials for high pressure pipelines.
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Balco, Greg, John O. H. Stone, Maciej G. Sliwinski, and Claire Todd. "Features of the glacial history of the Transantarctic Mountains inferred from cosmogenic 26Al, 10Be and 21Ne concentrations in bedrock surfaces." Antarctic Science 26, no. 6 (November 13, 2014): 708–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102014000261.
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AbstractThis paper describes measurements of concentrations of cosmogenic 26Al, 10Be and 21Ne in quartz from bedrock surfaces in the Transantarctic Mountains where stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence shows that the surfaces were covered by ice in the past, but were not glacially eroded during periods of ice cover. It then explores to what extent this information can be used to learn about past ice sheet change. First, cosmogenic nuclide concentrations in sandstone bedrock surfaces at two sites in the McMurdo Dry Valleys near 77°S are consistent with an equilibrium between nuclide production and loss by surface erosion and radioactive decay. They are most easily explained by a scenario in which: i) sites more than c. 100 m above the present ice surface were almost never ice-covered and eroded steadily at 0.5–1.5 m Ma-1, and ii) sites near the present ice margin experienced similar erosion rates when ice-free, but have been covered by cold-based, non-erosive glacier ice as much as half of the time during the past several million years. Nuclide concentrations in granite bedrock at a site in the Quartz Hills near 85°S, on the other hand, have not reached production-erosion equilibrium, thus retaining evidence of the time they were first exposed to the cosmic ray flux. Nuclide concentrations at these sites are most easily explained by 4–6 Ma exposure, extremely low erosion rates of 5–10 cm Ma-1 during periods of exposure, and only very short periods of cold-based, non-erosive ice cover.
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Caneppele, Taciana Marco Ferraz, Raffaela Di Iorio Jeronymo, Rebeca Di Nicoló, Maria Amélia Máximo de Araújo, and Luís Eduardo Silva Soares. "In Vitro assessment of dentin erosion after immersion in acidic beverages: surface profile analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry study." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 4 (2012): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000400011.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some acidic drinks on dentin erosion, using methods of surface profile (SP) analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). One hundred standardized dentin slabs obtained from bovine incisor roots were used. Dentin slabs measuring 5x5 mm were ground flat, polished and half of each specimen surface was protected with nail polish. For 60 min, the dentin surfaces were immersed in 50 mL of 5 different drinks (Gatorade®, Del Valle Mais orange juice®, Coca-Cola®, Red Bull® and white wine), 20 blocks in each drink. The pH of each beverage was measured. After the erosive challenge, the nail polish was removed and SP was analyzed. The mineral concentration of dentin surfaces was determined by means of EDXRF. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). SP analysis showed that Red-Bull had the highest erosive potential (p<0.05). EDXRF results exhibited a decrease in phosphate in the groups immersed in Red-Bull, orange juice and white wine (p<0.05), and no significant difference in calcium content between the reference surface and eroded surface. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that all studied beverages promoted erosion on root dentin and Red Bull had the highest erosive potential. There was no correlation between pH of beverages and their erosive potential and only the P content changed after erosive challenge.
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Xie, Jing Pei, Ai Qin Wang, Wen Yan Wang, Ji Wen Li, and Luo Li Li. "Erosion Wear Behaviors of Low Chromium Cast Iron Containing Nickel." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2984–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2984.
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The erosion wear experiments of low-chromium cast iron containing nickel were done by MCF-30 Erosion Abrasion Experimental Machine. The structure and surface morphology after erosive wear were analyzed by SEM and XRD. The results indicated that the distribution of carbide was reticular after tempering at 250and oil quenching at 960. The maximal erosion wear rate was appeared at 60 °erosion angle, high acid corrosion media have great influence on the abrasion resistance of experimental material and corrosion effects almost had no influence on the abrasion resistance of experimental material in the weak acid environment of pH≥3. The erosive wear mechanism of the experimental material was studied.
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Metwally, M., W. Tabakoff, and A. Hamed. "Blade Erosion in Automotive Gas Turbine Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812774.
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In this work, a study has been conducted to predict blade erosion and surface deterioration of the free power turbine of an automotive gas turbine engine. The blade material erosion model is based on three-dimensional particle trajectory simulations in the three-dimensional turbine flow field. The particle rebound characteristics after surface impacts were determined from experimental measurements of restitution ratios for blade material samples in a particulate flow tunnel. The trajectories provide the spatial distribution of the particle impact parameters over the blade surfaces. A semi-empirical erosion model, derived from erosion tests of material samples at different particulate flow conditions, is used in the prediction of blade surface erosion based on the trajectory impact data. The results are presented for the three-dimensional particle trajectories through the turbine blade passages, the particle impact locations, blade surface erosion pattern, and the associated erosion parameters. These parameters include impact velocity, impact angle, and impact frequency. The data can be used for life prediction and performance deterioration of the automotive engine under investigation.
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Seguinot, Julien, and Ian Delaney. "Last-glacial-cycle glacier erosion potential in the Alps." Earth Surface Dynamics 9, no. 4 (August 3, 2021): 923–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-923-2021.
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Abstract. The glacial landscape of the Alps has fascinated generations of explorers, artists, mountaineers, and scientists with its diversity, including erosional features of all scales from high-mountain cirques to steep glacial valleys and large overdeepened basins. Using previous glacier modelling results and empirical inferences of bedrock erosion under modern glaciers, we compute a distribution of potential glacier erosion in the Alps over the last glacial cycle from 120 000 years ago to the present. Despite large uncertainties pertaining to the climate history of the Alps and unconstrained glacier erosion processes, the resulting modelled patterns of glacier erosion include persistent features. The cumulative imprint of the last glacial cycle shows a very strong localization of erosion potential with local maxima at the mouths of major Alpine valleys and some other upstream sections where glaciers are modelled to have flowed with the highest velocity. The potential erosion rates vary significantly through the glacial cycle but show paradoxically little relation to the total glacier volume. Phases of glacier advance and maximum extension see a localization of rapid potential erosion rates at low elevation, while glacier erosion at higher elevation is modelled to date from phases of less extensive glaciation. The modelled erosion rates peak during deglaciation phases, when frontal retreat results in steeper glacier surface slopes, implying that climatic conditions that result in rapid glacier erosion might be quite transient and specific. Our results depict the Alpine glacier erosion landscape as a time-transgressive patchwork, with different parts of the range corresponding to different glaciation stages and time periods.
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Elkadi, Joanne, Benjamin Lehmann, Georgina E. King, Olivia Steinemann, Susan Ivy-Ochs, Marcus Christl, and Frédéric Herman. "Quantification of post-glacier bedrock surface erosion in the European Alps using 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence exposure dating." Earth Surface Dynamics 10, no. 5 (September 19, 2022): 909–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-909-2022.
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Abstract. The retreat of glaciers since the Last Glacial Maximum in the European Alps has left an imprint on topography through various erosional processes. However, few methods are currently capable of resolving these mechanisms on Late Glacial to Holocene timescales. Quantifying the relative contributions of mountain erosion, during these different climate cycles, is useful for understanding long-term landscape evolution and the links between global climate and erosion. Here, we combine three optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) exposure dating signals with 10Be surface exposure dating to constrain the post-glacier erosion rates of bedrock samples adjacent to the Gorner Glacier in the European Alps. The results reveal erosion rates of the order of 10−2 to 10−1 mm a−1, in general agreement with other studies in the region, as well as a strong negative correlation between erosion rate and elevation, suggesting that frost crack weathering is perhaps not the dominant form of post-glacier weathering. Finally, a global compilation of both subglacial and periglacial erosion rates shows that periglacial erosion rates could be greater than previously thought. Yet subglacial erosion remains higher, implying that it continues to have the stronger influence on shaping landscapes. Therefore, with a changing climate, periglacial erosion rates are likely to remain transient. These insights could lead to important implications for landscape evolution models.
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Du, Jun, Ping Zhang, Jun Jun Zhao, and Zhi Hai Cai. "Erosion-Resistant PVD ZrAlCuN Coating for Titanium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.51.
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Titanium alloys are susceptible to sand erosion, hard zirconium nitride coatings have been deposited onto titanium alloys by Physical vapor deposition (PVD) in order to improve erosion resistance. Al and Cu were added into ZrN coatings to strength and toughing the coating. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrAlCuN coating were studied. Erosion tests were conducted to evaluate anti-erosion ability. Erosion rates were measured and characteristic damage features were identified on the surface of eroded specimens. The mechanisms of erosion are discussed in order to explain the promising performance of materials in erosive conditions. It was found that there is an significant increase of erosion resistance because of the increase of hardness and toughness.
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Zhang, Q., J. Wang, and F. Wu. "Spatial heterogeneity of surface roughness on tilled loess slopes in erosion stages." Soil and Water Research 13, No. 2 (April 13, 2018): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/130/2017-swr.
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The main soil erosion areas of the Chinese Loess Plateau are tilled slopes. The knowledge of their spatial heterogeneity will contribute to the understanding of erosion mechanisms on a microtopographic scale. In this study, the spatial heterogeneity of four conventionally tilled slopes was examined under simulated rainfall conditions using a semivariogram-based methodological framework. Results show that all tilled slopes have a relatively stable spatial structure and the erosion stages of all tilled slopes have a similar spatial variability. The rainfall in the splash, sheet, and rill erosion stages has a degree of relief effect, strengthening effect, and relief effect on the surface roughness, respectively. However, the effects of tillage practices and slope gradient on the spatial heterogeneity are much larger than those of the rainfall. The spatial heterogeneity decreases with increasing slope gradient. The general autocorrelation scale of the tilled slopes is 3.15 m and their fractal dimension ranges from 1.59 to 1.85. The tilled slopes have certain anisotropy with respect to the slope direction from 10° to 22.5° while they show isotropy or weaker anisotropy in other directions. In this work, a semivariogram-based methodological framework was established for the spatial heterogeneity of microtopographic-scale slopes. The results also provide a theoretical foundation for future tillage measures on sloping fields of the Loess Plateau.
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Hamed, Awatef A., Widen Tabakoff, Richard B. Rivir, Kaushik Das, and Puneet Arora. "Turbine Blade Surface Deterioration by Erosion." Journal of Turbomachinery 127, no. 3 (March 1, 2004): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1860376.
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This paper presents the results of a combined experimental and computational research program to investigate turbine vane and blade material surface deterioration caused by solid particle impacts. Tests are conducted in the erosion wind tunnel for coated and uncoated blade materials at various impact conditions. Surface roughness measurements obtained prior and subsequent to the erosion tests are used to characterize the change in roughness caused by erosion. Numerical simulations for the three-dimensional flow field and particle trajectories through a low-pressure gas turbine are employed to determine the particle impact conditions with stator vanes and rotor blades using experimentally based particle restitution models. Experimental results are presented for the measured blade material/coating erosion and surface roughness. The measurements indicate that both erosion and surface roughness increase with impact angle and particle size. Computational results are presented for the particle trajectories through the first stage of a low-pressure turbine of a high bypass turbofan engine. The trajectories indicate that the particles impact the vane pressure surface and the aft part of the suction surface. The impacts reduce the particle momentum through the stator but increase it through the rotor. Vane and blade surface erosion patterns are predicted based on the computed trajectories and the experimentally measured blade coating erosion characteristics.
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Adak, Deb Kumar, Vivekananda Pal, Santanu Das, Tina Ghara, Hillol Joardar, Nashmi Alrasheedi, and Barun Haldar. "Surface Preparation for Coating and Erosion MRR of SS 304 Using Silicon Carbide Abrasive Jet." Lubricants 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants11010010.
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The surface preparation of shiny stainless steels is a must for applying esthetic paints, effective functional plasma spray coating, laser cladding, welding, etc., applications. The current work aims for effective surface roughening and erosion MRR of SS 304 work surface using SiC abrasive jet erosion and optimization of the process parameters. The response surface approach is used to design and conduct the studies using the Box–Behnken design method. The surface topography of the eroded surfaces is examined by a 2D profilometer, 3D profilometer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The abrasive grit size and working gas pressure greatly affect the surface roughness of SS 304 samples. The influence of the process parameters on the variation of these topographical features is analyzed and confirmed. The working jet pressure is seen to significantly impact erosion MRR. The lower working gas pressure shows a typical influence on Ra (surface preparation) and as pressure increases, erosion MRR rises, and the surface preparation mode shifts to the erosion metal removal/cutting zone. The quality of SS 304 surface prepared from SiC abrasive jet impact is characterized by 3D profilometry.
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Lertvijitpun, Vasin, and Pisak Lertvijitpun. "Solid Particle Erosion Resistance of Thermal Sprayed Nickel Alloy Coating." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.88.
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Solid particle erosion on surface of material effects on life time for them such as the turbine brade, boiler tube and chemical processing equipments. Thermal spray is one of various technique which used for the repairing or building up new surface. The objective of this experiment is to study the influence of thermal spray Ni-Si-B coating parameters on the solid particle erosion resistance at room temperature. The coating parameters were the distances between coating nozzle and the substrate of 10, 15, and 20 mm and travel speeds of 1.0 and 1.5 mm s-1 respectively, leading to the difference of heat inputs. The hardness of coating surfaces was measured by Vickers hardness. The microstructure of coating surfaces was examined by using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, solid particle erosion resistance of coating surfaces was investigated on the erosion test rig at room temperature. Erosion rates of specimens were assessed by the calculation of weight loss which measured using an electronic balance (0.1 mg resolution). The relationship between erosion resistance and hardness was studied coincide with the microstructure examination. According to the erosion resistance evaluation, it was found that an erosion rate of coating depended on the coating condition. Finally, wear scar morphology on the top of an eroded surface and cross-section area was observed by SEM. However, the coating parameters played an important role in the erosion resistance. The microstructure of coating concerned with coating parameters was further discussed with the erosion behavior in this research.
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Nisa, Zaib Un, Lee Kean Chuan, Beh Hoe Guan, Saba Ayub, and Faiz Ahmad. "Anti-Wear and Anti-Erosive Properties of Polymers and Their Hybrid Composites: A Critical Review of Findings and Needs." Nanomaterials 12, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 2194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12132194.
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Erosion caused by the repeated impact of particles on the surface of a substance is a common wear method resulting in the gradual and continual loss of affected objects. It is a crucial problem in several modern industries because the surfaces of various products and materials are frequently subjected to destructively erosive situations. Polymers and their hybrid materials are suitable, in powdered form, for use as coatings in several different applications. This review paper aims to provide extensive information on the erosion behaviors of thermoset and thermoplastic neat resin and their hybrid material composites. Specific attention is paid to the influence of the properties of selected materials and to impingement parameters such as the incident angle of the erodent, the impact velocity of the erodent, the nature of the erodent, and the erosion mechanism. The review further extends the information available about the erosion techniques and numerical simulation methods used for wear studies of surfaces. An investigation was carried out to allow researchers to explore the available selection of materials and methods in terms of the conditions and parameters necessary to meet current and future needs and challenges, in technologically advanced industries, relating to the protection of surfaces. During the review, which was conducted on the findings in the literature of the past fifty years, it was noted that the thermoplastic nature of composites is a key component in determining their anti-wear properties; moreover, composites with lower glass transition, higher ductility, and greater crystallinity provide better protection against erosion in advanced surface applications.
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Antil, Sundeep Kumar, Parvesh Antil, Sarbjit Singh, Anil Kumar, and Catalin Iulian Pruncu. "Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology Based Analysis on Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of Polymer Matrix Composites." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061381.
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Polymer-based fibrous composites are gaining popularity in marine and sports industries because of their prominent features like easy to process, better strength to weight ratio, durability and cost-effectiveness. Still, erosive behavior of composites under cyclic abrasive impact is a significant concern for the research fraternity. In this paper, the S type woven glass fibers reinforced polymer matrix composites (PMCs) are used to analyze the bonding behavior of reinforcement and matrix against the natural abrasive slurry. The response surface methodology is adopted to analyze the effect of various erosion parameters on the erosion resistance. The slurry pressure, impingement angle and nozzle diameter, were used as erosion parameters whereas erosion loss, i.e., weight loss during an erosion phenomenon was considered as a response parameter. The artificial neural network model was used to validate the attained outcomes for an optimum solution. The comparative analysis of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) models shows good agreement with the erosion behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites.