Journal articles: 'Erosion control measures'

1

Mamo, Martha, and Patricia Hain. "Erosion Control Measures." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 34, no. 1 (2005): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2005.0126.

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Uhlířová, J. "Survey of efficiency of erosion and flood control measures at the Němčický stream." Soil and Water Research 2, No. 3 (January 7, 2008): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2102-swr.

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The article presents the initial part of the research of the efficiency of erosion and flood control measures designed in the experimental basin of the Němčický stream. A long term observation of discharges, rainfalls, and some water quality indicators was introduced at 2 experimental profiles. We have elaborated a study of the erosion threat for discovered areas, where the realisation of protective measures is necessary to reduce soil loss. Besides the erosion control, the sheet grassing contributes to a better water retention by the agricultural countryside. The efficiency of the designed measures ascertained by model evaluation proved that grassing of 49 ha of arable land (from total 183 ha) and the exclusion of erosive dangerous crops growing (on 21 ha) should decrease the centenary discharge by 18% and the amount of the transported suspended matter by 29%. The observation will continue after realisation of the erosion control measures and of a polder, which was designed for sufficiently effective flood protection, and the measurements will be compared with the preliminary and model values.

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Seutloali, Khoboso Elizabeth, and Heinrich Reinhard Beckedahl. "A Review Of Road‒Related Soil Erosion: An Assessment Of Causes, Evaluation Techniques And Available Control Measures." Earth Sciences Research Journal 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v19n1.43841.

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Road construction has increased significantly worldwide in the last decades to meet the demands of the increasing human population and this has led to serious soil erosion problems, the bulk of which is unaccounted for, especially in the developing world. For comprehensive land management decisions and monitoring strategies, a review of work that has been done to assess soil erosion due to roads is critical. This article, therefore, reviews the causes of road‒related soil erosion, assessment methods and available control measures. Specifically, work provides an overview of (i) the linkages between roads and soil erosion; (ii) measurement and prediction of road‒related erosion; and (iii) erosion control and rehabilitation techniques. Literature shows that road construction results in hill-slope profile modification; removal of vegetation cover; as well as the formation of steep slopes that are prone to severe erosion. Furthermore, there is a variety of erosion control measures for controlling road‒related erosion although no study has demonstrated the method that is cost efficient and operational across different landscapes. We are of the view that this study provides guidance in future research on road‒related soil erosion across the developing world were sophisticated monitoring techniques are limited due to resource scarcity for assessing large areas. ResumenLa construcción de carreteras se ha incrementado ampliamente en todo el mundo durante las últimas décadas para cumplir con las demandas de la creciente población humana, lo que ha llevado a serios problemas de erosión de suelos, muchos de los cuales no se previeron, especialmente, en los países en desarrollo. Sobre las decisiones y supervisión de estrategias de un manejo completo del terreno se realizó una revisión al crítico trabajo que se ha hecho para medir la erosión en suelos causados por las carreteras. Por esta razón, este artículo revisa las causas de la erosion relacionada con la construcción de rutas y evalúa los métodos y medidas de control disponibles. Específicamente, este trabajo ofrece una revisión de (a) las relaciones entre las carreteras y la erosión de los suelos; (b) la medida y la predicción de la erosión vinculada a las carreteras, y (c) las técnicas de control de erosión y rehabilitación. La literature muestra que la construcción de carreteras produce modificaciones en el perfil inclinación, remueve la vegetación superficial y aumenta la inclinación en pendientes propensas a erosión severa. Además, existen varias medidas para controlar la erosión causada por la construcción de carreteras, a pesar de que ningún estudio ha demostrado el método que sea más eficiente y operacional para diferentes paisajes. Este estudio guía futuras investigaciones en la erosion causada por la construcción de caminos en los países en desarrollo donde las técnicas de supervisión sofísticas para la evaluación de grandes áreas son limitadas debido a la escasez de recursos.

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Kereselidze, D., L. Matchavariani, V. Trapaidze, G. Bregvadze, G. Gaprindashvili, and I. Megrelidze. "Control of soil erosion measures on mountain slopes." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 2(SI) (April 15, 2020): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/2(si)/jeb-19.

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Konečná, Jana, Jana Podhrázská, and František Toman. "Efficiency of soil and flood control measures in land consolidations." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 6 (2012): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260060161.

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Land consolidations are an important instrument for implementation of erosion and flood control measures. Thanks to their poly-functional character, they also contribute to increase of ecological stability and aesthetic of landscape. Although the land consolidation process does not advance as quickly as requisite, it brings unquestionably positive results. One or more erosion and flood control measures are built in 17 % of cadastres with finished complex land consolidation. Land consolidation designs are supported by the state and the EU funds are used for the realization of protective and ecological measures. With the aim to evaluate real efficiency of implemented measures, research project QI92A012 has been started. This paper presents its method principles and particular results for one of the model cadastres – Lejčkov. Realized elements in Lejčkov were confronted with the plan of common facilities and critical analysis of the size, parameters, type and localization of elements was made with regard to their efficiency to keep the soil from surface erosion away in the long run, to decrease discharges and sediment transport in extreme precipitation events. We can state that erosion control measures in Lejčkov were designed and built well and they are suitable for the highland type of countryside.

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Hálek, Vítězslav. "Application of the system of water erosion control measures in growths of special cultivations." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 5 (2004): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452050147.

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The aim of the study is to select an optimal variant of the system of water erosion control measures. The water erosion issue was observed and evaluated in 15 blocks of special cultivations-vineyards and orchards. These blocks are situated in the managed area of the join-stock company PATRIA Kobylí. At first the average long-term loss of soil with the influence of water erosion is calculated. The universal Wischmeier-Smith equation is used for this purpose. If the calculated loss of soil exceeds the permissible value, the erosion control measures have to be suggested. The optimal variant has been selected on the bases of the evaluation of several kinds of measures in each block. This variant follows first of all the erosion control efficiency, but also demands on production as well as slope accessibility for mechanization, expensiveness and some negative sides of suggested measures. The suggested system of water erosion control measures contributes to increasing of soil fertility and production ability with the respect to landscape management and environmental protection.

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Osayande, Augustine, Williams W. Edobor, and Sako Kato. "Effectiveness of Gully Erosion Control Measures in Edo State, Nigeria." OALib 06, no. 03 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105018.

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Bodnár, Ferko, Wim Spaan, and Jasper Hulshof. "Ex-post evaluation of erosion control measures in southern Mali." Soil and Tillage Research 95, no. 1-2 (September 2007): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.10.007.

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Posthumus, H., L. K. Deeks, R. J. Rickson, and J. N. Quinton. "Costs and benefits of erosion control measures in the UK." Soil Use and Management 31 (June 29, 2013): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sum.12057.

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Nwobodo, Cynthia E., Samuel Otunwa, Violet A. Ohagwu, and Enibe David Okechukwu. "Farmers use of erosion control measures in Anambra State Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 22, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v22i3.17.

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Riksen, Michel, Floor Brouwer, and Jan de Graaff. "Soil conservation policy measures to control wind erosion in northwestern Europe." CATENA 52, no. 3-4 (July 2003): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0341-8162(03)00020-1.

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Jin, Guang, and A. J. Englande. "A field study on cost‐effectiveness of five erosion control measures." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 20, no. 1 (January 2, 2009): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830910922415.

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Idike, Francis Igboji. "On appraising soil erosion menace and control measures in Southeastern Nigeria." Soil Technology 5, no. 1 (March 1992): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0933-3630(92)90007-n.

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Chervan, Aleksandr, Andrey Chernysh, and Anna Ustinova. "GIS modelling of soils protection in agrolandscapes organization of Belarus." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 44 (November 28, 2013): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.44.1247.

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The article describes the technology erosion control organization of landscapes using GIS technology. The normatives of soil protection ability of crops, methods of tillage and crop rotation, combined in GIS environment for planning erosion control safe land use are characterized in the article. Key words: agrolandscape, erosion, soil protection, erosion control measures, GIS, modeling, database.

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Weikmann, Amanda M., Clayton Hodges, and Randel Dymond. "Urban Erosion Potential Risk Mapping with GIS." Environment and Natural Resources Research 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v10n1p28.

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With increased regulatory focus on eroded sediment and its bound pollutants, methods are needed to predict areas with high erosive potential (EP) in urbanized areas. Using EP to prioritize urban areas for maintenance, implementation of Stormwater Control Measures (SCMs), stream restoration or monitoring is crucial. This study utilizes commonly available geospatial layers in conjunction with a computational procedure for prioritizing the contribution of site specific- and transport-erosion to compute relative EP risk throughout a target urban watershed.  Factors that contribute to erosion were evaluated: local cell slope, soil erodibility, land cover, runoff volume, distance and slope to nearest stormwater conveyance point along a surface flow travel path. A case study of the developed methodology was performed on a 1.6 square kilometer urban watershed in Blacksburg, VA, to generate EP risk maps. Results of the study indicate areas of erosive potential within the target watershed and provide a methodology for creating erosion potential risk maps for use by MS4 planners, engineers and other individuals that manage erosion control programs.

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Liu, Yan, and Bo Liu. "Research on Water Damage of Asphalt Pavement and Control Measures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1560.

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Asphalt pavement of water damage is a major form of our country highway asphalt pavement damage, the paper analyzes pavement structure internal water source, water damage of asphalt pavement of the influence factors, through the determination of the three indexes and asphalt of asphalt mixture splitting tensile strength, water erosion proof of asphalt mixture and its influence, and put forward the corresponding prevention and control measures to improve the pavement performance and extend the service life of road surface has important practical value.

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Mašíček, Tomáš, Jana Kozlovsky Dufková, and Tomáš Zámečník. "Evaluation of erosion rates in cadastral area Rovečné (Moravia) using GIS tools." European Countryside 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0004.

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Abstract Evaluation of the vulnerability of agricultural land by water erosion, including the erosion control measures design, was done using the geographic information systems (GIS) on example of the cadastral area Rovečné, the Czech Republic. Analytical operations that lead to evaluation of the basic runoff and especially erosion rates according to the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) were made in ArcGIS 10 Desktop, the software product ArcInfo using a set of integrated software applications ArcMap, ArcCatalog and user interface ArcToolbox, and also using programs LS-converter and USLE2D. The potential loss of soil by water erosion was determined before and after erosion control measures design. The proposed measures should improve the current situation and contribute to preservation of agricultural activity in this area in a form close to the current situation.

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Fan, Celia, and James Li. "A Modelling Analysis of Urban Stormwater Flow Regimes and their Implication for Stream Erosion." Water Quality Research Journal 39, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2004.048.

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Abstract Stream erosion is a major issue in stormwater management. The objectives of this research are to investigate by means of computer modelling: (a) the flow-duration characteristics of a receiving stream before and after urbanization; (b) the implication of flow regime changes on stream erosion potential with and without control measures (e.g., extended detention basins and source control); and (c) the maximum degree of urbanization, for which stream erosion may be unavoidable regardless of the stormwater control measures applied. The U.S. EPA Stormwater Management Model was used in the analysis of flowduration characteristics of a small northern Ontario watershed. It was found that flow-duration characteristics of the stream could change significantly after urbanization. Although no stream erosion was modelled in this investigation, the change in flow regimes after urbanization may indicate potential stream bed and/or channel erosion. Extended detention basins with short detention times (24-h) could control flow-duration characteristics at low flow rates better than those with long detention times (48-h). Both extended detention basins and source control measures should be applied in order to bring the flow duration curve after urbanization back to its original position. If the watershed were to be urbanized beyond 40% of imperviousness, it may not be possible to bring the flow duration curve back to its original position in spite of the various source control measures and detention basins used. The optimal location of detention ponds for erosion control depends upon the range of flows, which control the stability of the stream.

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Zhao, Hai Jing, Ya Dong Jin, Huang Feng Yan, and Fu Xin Chai. "Model Test of the Riverbed Deformation for the Flood Control Project of Chengde Reaches of Luanhe River." Applied Mechanics and Materials 641-642 (September 2014): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.641-642.191.

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The flow field variation and the riverbed deformation of Chengde reaches of Luanhe river before and after the construction of the embankment and dam engineering were studied by the river model test. The results showed that the dike layout was reasonable, the designed erosion control measures can resist the local scour, and the dam reduced the scouring. So the maximum erosion depth near the left and right dike was decreased by 3.0m and the average depth reduction was 0.9m. Under the dam project conditions, the deep scour pit at the dike toe with the maximum scouring depth of 4.0 - 5.0m was shaped. Such erosion control measures as the fuseplugspillway form is suggested to reduce the erosion significantly.

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Fox, D., W. Berolo, P. Carrega, and F. Darboux. "Mapping erosion risk and selecting sites for simple erosion control measures after a forest fire in Mediterranean France." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31, no. 5 (2006): 606–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1346.

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Jordan, Jeffrey L., and Abdelmoneim H. Elnagheeb. "The Structure of Citizen Preferences for Government Soil Erosion Control Programs." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 24, no. 2 (December 1992): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200018392.

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AbstractThe 1990 Farm Bill contains several measures concerning soil erosion caused by U.S. farmers. Data from a nationwide survey of people conerning their attitudes toward agriculture were used to examine the structure of respondents' preferences for government support-policies to combat soil erosion. Estimates of the influence of socio-economic and demographic variables on policy preferences were computed using a multiple-indicator model. Results show more support for the regulation of soil erosion, including laws and fines, than for government financial support.

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Romero-Díaz, A., E. Díaz-Pereira, and J. De Vente. "Ecosystem services provision by gully control. A review." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 45, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3552.

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Gully erosion causes severe damage to crops and infrastructures and affects the provision of ecosystem services worldwide. To assess the potential of gully control measures to protect ecosystem services and assess the conditions required for their large-scale implementation, this paper critically evaluates a range of gully control measures documented in the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT). Environmental and socio-economic impacts of technologies are assessed, as well as the implications for ecosystem services, costs and benefits of implementation, and stakeholder’s perception. It is demonstrated how gully control measures provide notable on-site and off-site benefits for socio-economic, cultural, ecological, and production goals, and to protect crucial ecosystem services. Control measures particularly contribute to soil and water conservation and to regulating ecosystem services by controlling soil erosion, water cycling, and natural hazards. Most effective control measures consist of combined vegetative and structural measures and of catchment wide interventions. While implementation of gully control can initially be expensive, on the long term, the cost-benefit ratio is usually positive. Moreover, the results emphasize the importance of evaluating control measures considering monetary aspects and all ecosystem services they provide. Nevertheless, individual farmers can often not afford the implementation and maintenance costs due to barriers for implementation and therefore require sustained institutional support.

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Wang, Jia Shan, Ting Wang, and Rui Hua Wang. "The Effect of Oil and Gas Production and Construction on Soil Erosion and its Prevention Measures." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 644–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.644.

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Through researching the oil and gas in many companies, such as the Daqing Oilfield, Changqing Oilfield and the West-East Gas Pipeline Company and so on, we found that the production and construction of oil and gas at different stages influence the soil erosion vary greatly, including the exploration in oil and gas has a little effect on soil erosion, but oil and gas field surface engineering and pipeline construction impact on soil erosion greatly, and limited impact on soil erosion in oil and gas development, and long-distance pipeline operators had no effect on soil erosion.Oil and gas companies have taken appropriate preventive measures in the soil erosion and have achieved good control effect.

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Xu, Xianli, Keli Zhang, Yaping Kong, Jiding Chen, and Bofu Yu. "Effectiveness of erosion control measures along the Qinghai–Tibet highway, Tibetan plateau, China." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 11, no. 4 (July 2006): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2006.06.001.

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Shields, F. Douglas, Scott S. Knight, and Charles M. Cooper. "Can Warmwater Streams Be Rehabilitated Using Watershed-Scale Standard Erosion Control Measures Alone?" Environmental Management 40, no. 1 (April 26, 2007): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-006-0191-0.

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Xu, Jie, Yu Xiao, Gaodi Xie, Yangyang Wang, Lin Zhen, Changshun Zhang, and Yuan Jiang. "Interregional ecosystem services benefits transfer from wind erosion control measures in Inner Mongolia." Environmental Development 34 (June 2020): 100496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2020.100496.

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Xiao, Liangang, Guoqing Li, Rongqin Zhao, and Lu Zhang. "Effects of soil conservation measures on wind erosion control in China: A synthesis." Science of The Total Environment 778 (July 2021): 146308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146308.

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Podlesnyh, Igor, Tatyana Zarudnaya, Anastasya Prushchik, and Sergey Tarasov. "Influence of the anti-erosion complex on erosion-hydrological indicators and productivity of cultivated crops." BIO Web of Conferences 32 (2021): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213201006.

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An assessment of the impact of the anti-erosion complex on the productivity of cultivated crops has presented on the example of many years of experience in contour-ameliorative agriculture of the Kursk FARC located in the northern part of the Medvensky district of the Kursk region. Two subtypes of chernozem represent the soil of the experiment: typical and leached. As anti-erosion measures, narrow-row stock-regulating poplar forest belts, reinforced by a simple hydraulic structure (ditch and rampart along the lower edge), have designed and planted along the contour at a distance of 216 m. There are no anti-erosion measures in the control catchment. Analysis of long-term data showed a decrease in runoff and the absence of soil washout in the catchment area with a system of narrow-row forest belts 38 years after the experiment has laid in comparison with the control. For the control catchment, a maximum soil washing of 22 t/ha recorded which significantly exceeds the permissible standards of flush. A significant increase in crop productivity averaged 5.2 feed units. The profitability of growing crops in fields with forest belts exceeds the control by almost 50%. The anti-erosion complex performs the task of strengthening the soil-protective role of the farming system.

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Liu, Li, Zhang, Cruse, and Zhang. "Gully Erosion Control Practices in Northeast China: A Review." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 16, 2019): 5065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185065.

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Gully erosion is the destructive and dramatic form of land degradation in Northeast China. The region is the grain production and ecological security base of China where the fertile and productive Mollisols are distributed. Though the region was agriculturally developed relatively recently, it went through high intensity cultivation and fast succession processes within short-time scales. Coupled with irrational farming practice choice and land use, hillslope erosion and gully erosion are seriously threatening agricultural production and environmental stability in the region. The awareness of gully erosion by the local governments started in the 1970s, and conservation measures were thus implemented. In this paper, based on our survey, communications with local farmers and stakeholders as well as investigation for gully erosion for the past three years, we summarize the practical and efficient practices to manage gully erosion developed by researchers and farmers in Northeast China during the past 50 years. These practices include various drop structures, soil check dams, masonry check dams, gabion check dams, wicker check dams, continuous live wicker, a shrub plant enclosure, and an arbor plant enclosure. We specifically expound how a gully erosion practice is set up and identify the site conditions for which they are well-suited. The application of these practices depends on topography, gully size, and local economy. Bioengineering techniques in Northeast China, such as continuous live wicker, a shrub plant enclosure, and an arbor plant enclosure, are highly effective in controlling gully erosion. Problems and challenges are also presented.

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Radonjic, Jasmina, Ratko Ristic, and Sinisa Polovina. "Changes in the hydrological status of the basin due to the application of erosion control works." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 114 (2016): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf1614189r.

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Protection of land with vegetation is the primary factor in the fight against water erosion with necessary application of biotechnical, technical, administrative and planning measures. One of the first basins to be treated with works for the protection against erosion and torrent control is the Gradasnica River basin. The basic parameters to display the changes of the hydrological status of the land are the state of erosion, the change of erosion-coefficient, annual sediment yield, specific annual sediment discharge through the hydrographic network, the value of the runoff curve number and value of the maximal discharge. Works on protection from erosion and regulations of torrents have influenced the decrease in erosion coefficient values from strong erosion (Z=0.99) to the value of weak erosion (Z=0.40), as well as the reduction of the maximum discharge value from Qmax(1956)=108,12m3/s to the value of Qmax(2014)=87.2 m3/s.

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Molla, Tegegne, and Biniam Sisheber. "Estimating soil erosion risk and evaluating erosion control measures for soil conservation planning at Koga watershed in the highlands of Ethiopia." Solid Earth 8, no. 1 (January 6, 2017): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-8-13-2017.

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Abstract. Soil erosion is one of the major factors affecting sustainability of agricultural production in Ethiopia. The objective of this paper is to estimate soil erosion using the universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model and to evaluate soil conservation practices in a data-scarce watershed region. For this purpose, soil data, rainfall, erosion control practices, satellite images and topographic maps were collected to determine the RUSLE factors. In addition, measurements of randomly selected soil and water conservation structures were done at three sub-watersheds (Asanat, Debreyakob and Rim). This study was conducted in Koga watershed at upper part of the Blue Nile basin which is affected by high soil erosion rates. The area is characterized by undulating topography caused by intensive agricultural practices with poor soil conservation practices. The soil loss rates were determined and conservation strategies have been evaluated under different slope classes and land uses. The results showed that the watershed is affected by high soil erosion rates (on average 42 t ha−1 yr−1), greater than the maximum tolerable soil loss (18 t ha−1 yr−1). The highest soil loss (456 t ha−1 yr−1) estimated from the upper watershed occurred on cultivated lands of steep slopes. As a result, soil erosion is mainly aggravated by land-use conflicts and topographic factors and the rugged topographic land forms of the area. The study also demonstrated that the contribution of existing soil conservation structures to erosion control is very small due to incorrect design and poor management. About 35 % out of the existing structures can reduce soil loss significantly since they were constructed correctly. Most of the existing structures were demolished due to the sediment overload, vulnerability to livestock damage and intense rainfall. Therefore, appropriate and standardized soil and water conservation measures for different erosion-prone land uses and land forms need to be implemented in Koga watershed.

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Qin, Jie, and Jian Ling Qi. "Analysis on the Refractory Erosion of the Electric Arc Furnace and Study on the Measures of Protecting the Furnace Lining." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 2082–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.2082.

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The erosion situation of the refractories of the deep reduction electric arc furnace have been introduced firstly, including the regions such as furnace wall, tapping hole and slag hole, and analyzing on the causes of the erosion shows that high temperature, chemical erosion of oxides in slag, as well as physical scour are the main causes of the serious erosion to the lining. Based on the practical production conditions three solutions are provided including preventing oxidation of metallized pellets, control the temperature and carrying out hot-spray-mending on the furnace.

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Adugna, A., A. Abegaz, and A. Cerdà. "Soil erosion assessment and control in Northeast Wollega, Ethiopia." Solid Earth Discussions 7, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 3511–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-7-3511-2015.

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Abstract. Soil erosion is the main driver of land degradation in Ethiopia, and in the whole region of East Africa. This study was conducted at the Northeast Wollega in West Ethiopia to estimate the soil losses by means of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The purpose of this paper is to identify erosion spot areas and target locations for appropriate development of soil and water conservation measures. Fieldwork and household survey were conducted to identify major determinants of soil erosion control. Six principal factors were used to calculate soil loss per year, such as rainfallerosivity, soil erodiblity, slope length, slope steepness, crop management and erosion-control practices. The soil losses have shown spatio-temporal variations that range from 4.5 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in forest to 65.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in cropland. Results from the analysis of stepwise multiple linear regression show that sustainable soil erosion control are determined byknowledge of farmers about soil conservation, land tenure security and off-farm income at community level. Thus, policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus on terracing, inter-cropping and improved agro-forestry practices.

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HE, Jijun, Qiangguo CAI, Guoqiang LI, and Zhongke WANG. "Integrated erosion control measures and environmental effects in rocky mountainous areas in northern China." International Journal of Sediment Research 25, no. 3 (September 2010): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-6279(10)60046-7.

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Golosov, Valentin, and Vladimir Belyaev. "The history and assessment of effectiveness of soil erosion control measures deployed in Russia." International Soil and Water Conservation Research 1, no. 2 (September 2013): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-6339(15)30037-x.

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Elhakeem, Mohamed, A. N. (Thanos) Papanicolaou, and Christopher G. Wilson. "Implementing streambank erosion control measures in meandering streams: design procedure enhanced with numerical modelling." International Journal of River Basin Management 15, no. 3 (April 20, 2017): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2017.1315816.

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Bewket, Woldeamlak. "Farmers' Knowledge of Soil Erosion and Control Measures in the Northwestern Highlands of Ethiopia." African Geographical Review 30, no. 2 (January 2011): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2011.10539143.

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Lawal-Adebowle, O. A., and A. K. Aromolaran. "Indices of Land Degradation and Control Measures in Selected Urban Communities of Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2015100104.

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The study assessed the causal factors of land degradation in urban areas of Abeokuta and the employed control measures by residents of the communities. A qualitative approach, which encompasses observational techniques – participant/field observation, interactive discussion and photographic capturing, was used for collection of data on land degradation in the study area. Analysis of collected data showed land gradients, rainfall and run-offs, erosion, entrenched foot paths, sand scraping/mining, poor/absence of drainage system and land covers as causal factors of land degradation in the study area. The study though observed that control measures such as filling of drenches with sand bags, wood logs, bricks and stones were employed by residents in the study area, construction of good drainage system was presumed to be the most appropriate and sustainable control measure of water erosion in the study area.

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Rios, D., GC Oliveira, CR Zampieri, MC Jordão, EJ Dionisio, MAR Buzalaf, L. Wang, and HM Honório. "Resin-Based Materials Protect Against Erosion/Abrasion—a Prolonged In Situ Study." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-198-l.

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SUMMARY While patient compliance is key to preventive measures related to dental erosion, the application of resin-based materials could serve as an additional treatment to inhibit erosion progression. This in situ study evaluated the effect of applying resin-based materials, including resin infiltrant, on previously eroded enamel subjected to prolonged erosive and abrasive challenges. The factors under study were types of treatment (infiltrant [Icon], sealant [Helioseal Clear], adhesive [Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus], and control [no treatment]); wear conditions (erosion [ERO] and erosion + abrasion [ERO + ABR]) and challenge time (5 and 20 days) in a single-phase study. The blocks were prepared from bovine enamel, eroded (0.01 M HCl, pH 2.3 for 30 seconds) and randomized among treatments, wear conditions, and volunteers. The application of resin-based materials followed the manufacturers' recommendations. Twenty-one volunteers wore the palatal intraoral device, in which one row corresponded to ERO and the other to ERO + ABR. In each row, all treatments were represented (2 blocks per treatment). For 20 days, the erosive challenge was performed 4 times/day (immersion in 0.01 M HCl, pH 2.3, for 2 minutes) for the ERO condition. For the ERO + ABR condition, two of the erosive challenges were followed by abrasion for 15 seconds with fluoride dentifrice slurry. Enamel and/or material loss was measured using profilometry (initial, after treatment, and after the end of the fifth and 20th days of in situ erosive challenge) and analyzed by ANOVA models and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The results showed that the application of resin-based materials did not cause superficial enamel loss. The infiltrant group showed a thicker layer of material above the enamel compared with the other materials (p=0.001). After the erosive challenge, there was no difference between the conditions ERO and ERO + ABR (p=0.869). All materials protected the enamel against erosion progression compared with the control group (p=0.001). Based on these results, we conclude that the application of resin-based materials results in protection of previously eroded enamel subjected to in situ erosive and abrasive challenge for 20 days.

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Aliyev, RANS Z. H. "THE CONSEQUENCES OF EROSION ON THE SLOPE LANDS OF AZERBAIJAN AND MEASURES TO COMBAT IT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 8 (August 31, 2019): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i8.2019.703.

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The article considers the probability of the intensity of the erosion process and the prerequisites for its mitigation and control. The results of the research prove that soil erosion is based on natural and anthropogenic factors. The main objectives of the study were to determine the amount and level of development of worn and erosion-prone soils in the foothills of the country, where it is very difficult to develop on the slope soils of Upper Shirvani. Therefore, in this connection, the tasks are solved, taking into account the requirements of preserving the ecological situation in the example of the Shamakhi district of the Upper Shirvan zone of the Republic of Azerbaijan, where the areas of its potential danger are identified and the preconditions for its prevention are given.

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Kurtz, W. B., S. E. Thurman, M. J. Monson, and H. E. Garrett. "The use of agroforestry to control erosion — financial aspects." Forestry Chronicle 67, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc67254-3.

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A long-term study was initiated in northwest Missouri to evaluate the financial and biological aspects of adopting agroforestry systems by area farmers. Three "representative farms" of different sizes containing a composite mix of the most common soils in the region were developed and several agroforestry systems along with terracing and grass stripcropping were simulated for each farm size to reduce soil erosion from typical crop rotations on the highly erodible soils to tolerance (T) levels. Trees were planted in strips on the contour within row crops for each of the three representative farm sizes. Tree species included were black walnut for timber and nuts, Scotch pine for Christmas trees, and American sycamore for industrial fuelwood. Agroforestry enterprises (except biomass production) were found to be more profitable over the long run than conventional cropping systems utilizing conservation measures. Economies of size were noticeable among the different farm sizes. Key words: Agroforestry, erosion, economics, black walnut, veneer, nuts, sycamore, fuelwood, Scotch pine, Christmas trees

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Mohamad, N. A., A. Nainar, K. V. Annammala, D. Sugumaran, M. H. Jamal, and Z. Yusop. "Soil erosion in disturbed forests and agricultural plantations in tropical undulating terrain: in situ measurement using a laser erosion bridge method." Journal of Water and Climate Change 11, no. 4 (October 9, 2019): 1032–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2019.063.

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Abstract The rapid growth of agricultural plantations and climatic extremes has raised concerns pertaining to enhanced soil erosion. Soil erosion studies are still relatively limited in Malaysia. In this study, soil erosion in four sites such as high conservation value forests (HCVFs), logged forest (LF), mature oil palm (MOP), and mature rubber (MR) within the Kelantan River Basin was measured. A total of 3,207 measurements were conducted via the Modified Laser Erosion Bridge in all sites over 1 year. Results of soil erosion are 87.63, 25.45, 8.44, and 5.90 t ha−1 yr−1 for the HCVF, LF, MOP and MR, respectively – classified as very severe (HCVF), very high (LF), moderate (MP) and slight (MR) according to the Indian condition classification. Steep slope gradient (significant positive correlation to erosion) and logging are the main factors attributed to the high erosion rates. This is to be further explored in the future and more detailed studies should be conducted on the HCVF and LF areas, respectively. Mitigation measures and sustainable agricultural practices should be planned to control and reduce soil erosion.

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Wu, Guo Ying, and Yan Fen Ren. "Hydraulic Model Test Applied in Water Control Project for Risk-Elimination and Reinforcement of the West Bridge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1912–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1912.

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According to the current situation of water control project, the existing problems and the audit opinions of superior administrative departments, water control pivot of the West Bridge over the Aksu River is in urgent need of risk-elimination and reinforcement. Based on hydraulic model test, discharge capacity and sand transporting effect of floodgate and scouring sluice as well as design reasonability of energy dissipation and erosion control structure at pivot downstream have been observed and measured in risk-elimination and reinforcement of the West Bridge. It is indicated in experimental research, compared with the designed flow and checked flow in the design, the measured water levels of the floodgate are 0.43m and 0.47m lower, and measured water levels of scouring sluice are 0.12m and 0.15m lower; opening ten holes of the floodgate can take significant sand transporting effect, while scouring sluice makes insignificant sand transporting effect; it is suggested that design institute shall take erosion control measures into consideration within 100m to the floodgate tank.

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Wang, Hong Yan. "Soil Erosion and Preventive Measures in the 3^rd Expansion Project of Xiaolongtan Power-Station." Advanced Materials Research 779-780 (September 2013): 1453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.779-780.1453.

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Based on the regional topography, engineering geology, hydrology, vegetation, soil, and soil erosion survey of Xiaolongtan power plant, this paper will analyze the area of influence according to the soil and water loss and its effects in this project, and according to the characteristics of construction projects and the local natural conditions, combined with the characteristics of soil and water loss control degree of each region and the affected, The biological measures with engineering measures together, take slag retaining engineering, drainage engineering, land consolidation engineering and plant measures for the comprehensive management.So the effect of soil erosion will be reduced to minimum level, the area of new erosion will be effectively controlled. And this will provide guarantees for the security run of the power plant, protect and improve environment quality in and around the project construction area.

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Wang, Li Hui, Jin Liang Huang, Yun Du, Yan Xia Hu, Peng Peng Han, and Jiu Ling Wang. "Priority Areas Mapping for Controlling Soil Erosion in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2995.

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Danjiangkou reservoir area is the main water source area and submerged area of the Middle Route South-to-North Water Transfer Project of China. Soil erosion is a significant influence factor in reservoir water quality and water transfer project success. The objective of this paper is to assess the soil erosion risk and mapping priority areas for controlling soil erosion of Danjiangkou reservoir area. The results indicated that the top three conservation priority levels cover almost all regions with severe erosion and prominent increase in erosion risk, with a total acreage of 3,531.543km2, accounting for 19.703% of the study area. These three levels to be managed as erosion control regions with appropriate conservation strategies in future projects. The study results will provide guidance in developing and implementing water conservation planning and to assist government agencies in decision-making for determining erosion control area, starting regulation project and making soil conservation measures.

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Ehiorobo, J. O., and O. R. Ogirigbo. "Gully Morphology and Gully Erosion Control in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 656–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.656.

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Gully erosion is a highly visible form of soil erosion that results in large volume of soil and sediment transport. Gully processes have a three dimensional nature that are affected by a wide array of factors and processes which include topography, soils, land use and climatic events. In this study the four major Gully erosion sites in Calabar including Ikot Efangha Mkpa, Bebobsco, Inyang Ansa (Atimbo) and Winners, present case studies scenarios. Morphological parameters of the gullies including length, width, depth, slope, area e.t.c were determined from GPS and Total Station Surveys. Meteorological data were obtained from meteorological station in Calabar while soil characteristics for the study areas were obtained from soil samples collected from the site and analysed in the laboratory. The effects of these on the rate of soil loss and gullying were determined.Using hydrological, hydraulics and structural analysis along with the acquired data, control measures were proposed for the gully sites. These included the design of drop structures to control the runoff from the gully heads and prevent further under cutting of the heads. The use of Vertiver grass for bank stabilization and catchment areas protection was proposed. The results of the studies and control measures proposed can be adopted for planning for gully remediation and control in other similar situations.

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Abdullah, Ahmed Z., Anthony J. Ireland, Jonathan R. Sandy, and Michele E. Barbour. "A Nanomechanical Investigation of Three Putative Anti-Erosion Agents: Remineralisation and Protection against Demineralisation." International Journal of Dentistry 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/768126.

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An increasing interest in dental erosion as a clinical and scientific phenomenon has led to concerted efforts to identify agents which might protect against erosion. In this study, nanoindentation was used to investigate inhibition of erosive enamel demineralisation over time scales with direct clinical relevance. Nanohardness of polished human enamel specimens (n=8per group) was measured at baseline (B), after demineralisation (D1: citric acid, 0.3% w/v, pH3.20, 20s), after treatment (T), and after a second demineralisation (D2: as above). Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA. All specimens exhibited a similar reduction in nanohardness B-D1 in the range 35.2–39.5%. The positive control solution (saturated hydroxyapatite solution) and 4500 mg/L fluoride as NaF significantly increased nanohardness D1-T by 19.9% and 24.1%, respectively, whereas 1400 mg/L fluoride as NaF, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate mousse and negative control (deionised water) had no significant effect. Nanohardness at D2 was indistinguishable for all groups, with total reduction in nanohardness B-D2 of 31.6% (4500 mg/L fluoride), 35.2% (positive control), 39.9% (1400 mg/L fluoride), 42.4% (negative control), and 43.7% (CPP-ACP product). In summary, 4500 mg/L fluoride significantly increased the nanohardness of previously demineralised enamel and resulted in the smallest total reduction in nanohardness but there were few statistically significant differences among the groups.

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Higaki, Daisuke, Kishor Kumar Karki, and Chandra Sekhar Gautam. "Soil erosion control measures on degraded sloping lands: A case study in Midlands of Nepal." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 8, no. 3 (July 2005): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980500208184.

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Hann, M. J., and R. P. C. Morgan. "Evaluating erosion control measures for biorestoration between the time of soil reinstatement and vegetation establishment." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31, no. 5 (2006): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1353.

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Youdeowei, P. O. "Evaluation of erosion hazards and consideration of control measures at iloma, rivers state of Sigeria." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 49, no. 1 (April 1994): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02595005.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Erosion control measures'

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