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Academic literature on the topic 'Erosion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Erosion"

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Oliveira, José Guilherme de, Alexei Nowatzki, and Leonardo José Cordeiro Santos. "UTILIZAÇÃO DE ATRIBUTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS NO MAPEAMENTO DE SUSCETIBILIDADE EROSIVA NA ÁREA RURAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE PARANAVAÍ – PR." Revista Cerrados 15, no. 02 (March 16, 2020): 201–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v15n22017p201a219.

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A região noroeste do estado do Paraná ao longo dos últimos 50 anos vem sofrendo diversos impactos decorrentes de processos erosivos lineares, ravinas e voçorocas principalmente. A ocorrência desses processos está associada a dois fatores: o histórico de ocupação da região, bem como as características pedológicas locais, principalmente a textura dos solos e sua distribuição nas vertentes. O método adotado para o mapeamento de suscetibilidade é uma adaptação do proposto por Crepani et al. (2001). Esse autor define que a suscetibilidade de uma área é definida pela soma das vulnerabilidades dos componentes do meio físico. Para a realização do trabalho foram selecionados os atributos topográficos declividade e perfil de curvatura; na pedologia, as tipologias de solo. Os resultados foram discretizados em 5 classes: Muito baixa, baixa, média, alta e muito alta suscetibilidade. As áreas de suscetibilidade a erosão Alta e Muito alta, representam 24% do município, sendo que nessas porções se concentram 26% das erosões, o tipo de solo em conjunto com as características topográficas fazem essa área mais propicia naturalmente a ocorrência dos processos erosivos. A classe de moderada suscetibilidade a erosão representam cerca de 40% do município e 54% das feições erosivas se concentra nessa unidade. Palavras-chave: Erosão; Modelo Digital de Terreno; Álgebra de Mapas. USE OF TOPOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES IN THE EROSIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING IN THE RURAL AREA OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF PARANAVAÍ – PR Abstract The northwest region of the state of Paraná over the last 50 years has suffered several impacts and consequences of linear erosives, ravines and gullies mainly. The occurrence of these processes is mainly associated with two factors: the occupation history of the region, as well as local soil characteristics, mainly the soil texture and a distribution of soils along the slopes. The methodology adopted for the mapping of susceptibility to erosion follows a line of thought developed by Crepani et al. (2001). This proposal defines that the vulnerability of an area is defined by the sum of the vulnerabilities of the components of the physical environment. For the accomplishment of the methodology were selected, to represent the geomorphology, the topographic attributes: slope, curvature plane and profile; for pedology, soil typologies were selected. The results were discretized in 5 classes, from environments less susceptible to the most susceptible. The areas of susceptibility to erosion High and Very high, summed represent 24% of the municipality, being that in these portions it concentrates 26% of the area of the erosions, once in these areas the type of soil together with the topographic characteristics make it more propitious to the occurrence of linear erosive processes.The moderate susceptibility to erosion class represent about 40% of the municipality and 54% of the area of ​​erosive features is concentrated in this unit. Keywords: Erosions; Digital Terrain Model; Map Algebra. UTILIZACIÓN DE ATRIBUTOS TOPOGRÁFICOS EN EL MAPEO DE SUSCEPTIBILIDAD EROSIVA EN EL ÁREA RURAL DEL MUNICIPIO DE PARANAVAÍ – PR Resumen La región noroeste del estado de Paraná en los últimos 50 años viene sufriendo impactos producto de procesos erosivos lineales, regueros y cárcavas principalmente. La ocurrencia de estos procesos está asociada a dos factores: el modo de ocupación de la región y las características pedológicas locales, principalmente la textura de los suelos y su distribución en las vertientes. El método adoptado para el mapeo de susceptibilidad es una adaptación del propuesto por Crepani et al. (2001). Este autor especifica que la susceptibilidad de un área está definida por la suma de las vulnerabilidades de los componentes del medio físico. Para realizar este trabajo fueron seleccionados los atributos topográficos declividad y perfil de curvatura; en la pedología, las tipologías de suelo. Los resultados fueron representados en 5 clases: muy baja, baja, media, alta y muy alta susceptibilidad. Las áreas de susceptibilidad a erosión alta y muy alta, representan el 24% del municipio, sumado a ello en esas porciones se concentran el 26% de las erosiones, por lo tanto el tipo de suelo en conjunto con las características topográficas hacen de esas áreas las más propicias naturalmente a la ocurrencia de procesos erosivos. La clase de moderada susceptibilidad a erosión representa cerca del 40% del municipio y el 54% de los rasgos erosivos se concentran en esa unidad. Palabras claves: Erosión; Modelo Digital del Terreno; Álgebra del Mapas.
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Tarley Ferreira Nascimento, Diego, Patrícia De Araújo Romão, and Maurício Martines Sales. "Erosividade e erodibilidade ao longo de dutovia cortando os estados de Minas Gerais e Goiás - Brasil." Ateliê Geográfico 12, no. 1 (August 3, 2018): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v12i1.46152.

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Resumo Apresenta-se o mapeamento da erosividade e da erodibilidade ao longo da dutovia OSBRA, que corta vários municípios de Minas Gerais e Goiás. Para o mapeamento da erosividade, foram calculados os índices de erosividade de cada estação meteorológicas nas proximidades da área estudada. Para o mapeamento da erodibilidade, foram agrupadas categorias de solos com comportamentos semelhantes quanto à resistência a processos erosivos e posteriormente foi classificada sua suscetibilidade erosiva. Com base nos mapeamentos da erosividade e da erodibilidade foi possível identificar áreas com maior suscetibilidade a processos erosivos. Levantamento de 85 pontos de erosão, cadastrados em campo, foram confrontados com os mapas de erodibilidade e erosividade, resultando em uma grande coerência entre previsão e ocorrências em campo. O mapeamento apresentado poderá ser usado como critério de decisão sobre qual área deve ter maior monitoramento do que outras, visando a segurança da faixa do duto e de fazendas vizinhas. Palavras-Chave: Erosividade; Erodibilidade; Processos Erosivos Abstract This paper presents the erosivity and erodibility mapping along the pipeline OSBRA, which cut the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás. For mapping the erosivity, the erosivity indices were calculated to each weather station near the studied area. To map the erodibility, soils were grouped in classes considering similar resistance to erosion processes, and their erosive susceptibility were subsequently classified. Based on the erosivity and erodibility mappings, areas with greater susceptibility to erosion processes were identified. A collection of 85 points of erosions, registered on the field, were compared with the maps of erodibility and erosivity and resulted in a good agreement between predictions and events in the field. The presented mapping can be used as a decision criterion on which area should have a more intensive monitoring than others, seeking the safety of the pipeline and neighboring farms. Keywords: Erosivity; Erodibility; Erosion processes Resumen Se presenta el mapeo de la erosividad y de la erodibilidad a lo largo de la tubería OSBRA, que corta varios municipios de Minas Gerais y de Goiás. Para mapear la erosividad se calcularon los índices de erosividad de cada estación meteorológica, en las proximidades del área observada. Para mapear la erodibilidad se agruparon categorías de suelos similares, en cuanto a su resistencia a los procesos erosivos. Posteriormente, se clasificó su susceptibilidad erosiva. Considerando los mapeos de erosividad y erodibilidad, se identificaron áreas más susceptibles que otras a los procesos erosivos. Observaciones levantadas a partir de 85 puntos de erosión registrados en campo, confrontadas con los mapas de erodibilidad y erosividad, mostraron coherencia entre la previsión y los datos de campo. El mapeo presentado puede utilizarse para definir cuáles son las áreas que requieren más control y vigilancia, teniendo en cuenta la seguridad de la zona a lo largo de las tuberías, así como la de las haciendas vecinas. Palabras Clave: Erosividad; Erodibilidad; Mecanismo de erosión
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Barnabe, Cheryl, Dominique Toepfer, Hubert Marotte, Ellen-Margrethe Hauge, Andrea Scharmga, Roland Kocijan, Sebastian Kraus, et al. "Definition for Rheumatoid Arthritis Erosions Imaged with High Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Interreader Reliability for Detection and Measurement." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 10 (October 2016): 1935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.160648.

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Objective.High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) sensitively detects erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, nonpathological cortical bone disruptions are potentially misclassified as erosive. Our objectives were to set and test a definition for pathologic cortical bone disruptions in RA and to standardize reference landmarks for measuring erosion size.Methods.HR-pQCT images of metacarpophalangeal joints of RA and control subjects were used in an iterative process to achieve consensus on the definition and reference landmarks. Independent readers (n = 11) applied the definition to score 58 joints and measure pathologic erosions in 2 perpendicular multiplanar reformations for their maximum width and depth. Interreader reliability for erosion detection and variability in measurements between readers [root mean square coefficient of variation (RMSCV), intraclass correlation (ICC)] were calculated.Results.Pathologic erosions were defined as cortical breaks extending over a minimum of 2 consecutive slices in perpendicular planes, with underlying trabecular bone loss and a nonlinear shape. Interreader agreement for classifying pathologic erosions was 90.2%, whereas variability for width and depth erosion assessment was observed (RMSCV perpendicular width 12.3%, axial width 20.6%, perpendicular depth 24.0%, axial depth 22.2%; ICC perpendicular width 0.206, axial width 0.665, axial depth 0.871, perpendicular depth 0.783). Mean erosion width was 1.84 mm (range 0.16–8.90) and mean depth was 1.86 mm (range 0.30–8.00).Conclusion.We propose a new definition for erosions visualized with HR-pQCT imaging. Interreader reliability for erosion detection is good, but further refinement of selection of landmarks for erosion size measurement, or automated volumetric methods, will be pursued.
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Søvik, Jenny B., Alexandre R. Vieira, A. B. Tveit, and Aida Mulic. "Enamel Formation Genes Associated with Dental Erosive Wear." Caries Research 49, no. 3 (2015): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000369565.

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Dental erosive wear is a multifactorial condition that is greatly affected by environmental factors. So far, no study has investigated how dental erosive wear is influenced by variations in enamel formation genes. The aim of the present study was to investigate polymorphisms in genes involved in enamel formation and their influence on enamel susceptibility to dental erosion. DNA samples were collected from 795 Norwegian adolescents aged 16-18 years. Five single-nucleotide polymorphism markers were genotyped in selected candidate genes (ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin 1 and tuftelin interacting protein 11), reported to influence enamel formation. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared within two patient groups with dental erosions; all participants with dental erosion and only those with severe dental erosion (erosion extending into dentine). Overrepresentation of the G allele of the enamelin marker was seen in the erosion group compared to the unaffected group (p = 0.047). When erosion severity was considered, statistical significant difference in allele frequency was observed for amelogenin, with the C allele suggesting a protective role (p = 0.02). A suggestive overrepresentation of the TT genotype of the amelogenin marker was also seen in cases with severe erosion (p = 0.049) when compared to cases with no dentine erosion. Amelogenin was also associated with severe erosion in the recessive model; the TT genotype was significantly more frequent in the affected group than in the unaffected group (p = 0.01). The present study suggests that polymorphisms in enamel formation genes are statistically associated with an individual's susceptibility to dental erosive wear.
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Perl, M., C. Levy, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Multiple Axial Erosions on the Fatigue Life of Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 3 (February 5, 2001): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1372325.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded, autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is simulated as a two-dimensional problem and is solved via the finite element method. Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack lengths, a0/t=0.01-0.45 emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometries, namely, (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t=0.05-0.4; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h=0.5-1.5, and erosion span angle, α, from 6 deg to 360 deg. The effective SIF for relatively short cracks is found to be increased by the presence of the erosion, which in turn may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life of up to an order of magnitude. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion.
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Touma, Zahi, Arane Thavaneswaran, Vinod Chandran, Fawnda Pellett, Richard J. Cook, and Dafna D. Gladman. "Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Erosion-free and Erosion-present Status in Psoriatic Arthritis in a Cohort Study." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 6 (April 1, 2016): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150466.

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Objective.Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has been recognized as a severe erosive disease. However, some patients do not develop erosions. We aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of erosion-free patients (EFP) as compared with erosion-present patients (EPP) among patients with PsA followed prospectively.Methods.This is a retrospective analysis conducted on patients from the Toronto PsA cohort. Patients with at least 10 years of followup and radiographs were analyzed. Radiographs were scored with the modified Steinbrocker method. Baseline (first visit to clinic) characteristics were used to predict the development of erosions with logistic regression models. To examine the effect of time-varying covariates, Cox regression models were fit for the time to development of erosions from baseline.Results.Among 290 patients, 12.4% were EFP and 87.6% were EPP over the study period. The mean time to development of erosion in the EPP over the course of followup was 6.8 ± 6.1 years. EFP were diagnosed with psoriasis at a younger age compared with EPP. In both models, actively inflamed joints and clinically damaged joints were predictive of the development of erosion, whereas a longer duration of psoriasis at baseline decreased the odds of developing erosion. EPP had a higher percentage of unemployment as compared with EFP at baseline and followup visits.Conclusion.Among patients with PsA followed for at least 10 years, 12.4% never develop erosions. The clinical and radiographic findings can ultimately assist in the stratification of a patient’s prognosis regarding the development of erosions.
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Penmetsa, G., S. Pei, B. Sauer, J. A. Walsh, B. Feng, J. Walker, K. Douglas, and J. Clewell. "POS0262 IDENTIFYING EROSIVE DISEASE FROM RADIOLOGY REPORTS OF VETERANS WITH INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 353.2–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1794.

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Background:The presence of erosive disease influences diagnosis, management, and prognosis in inflammatory arthritis (IA).Research of IA in large datasets is limited by a lack of methods for identifying erosions.Objectives:To develop methods for identifying articular erosions in radiology reports from veterans with IA.Methods:Included veterans had ≥2 ICD codes for ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) between 2005- 2019, in Veterans Affairs Corporate Data Warehouse. Chart review & annotation of radiology notes produced the reference standard, & identified erosion terms that informed classification rule development. A rule-based natural language processing (NLP) model was created & revised in training snippets. The NLP method was validated in an independent reference sample of IA patients at the snippet & patient levelsStepDescriptionNumber & example1 Radiology notesa.Select note titles potentially relevant to IAa. 35,141 notes titlesb.Extract notes with titles potentially related to IAb. 2,926,113 radiology notes2 Possible meaningful termsa.Compile list of root terms that may indicate erosiona. 11 root terms (i.e. ero*, pencil*cup, irreg*)b.Query radiology notes for root term variationsb. 1178 variations (i.e. erosion, erotic, erode)c.Select possible meaningful termsc. 179 possible terms (i.e. erosion, erode)3 Annotationa.Extract snippets^ containing possible meaningful termsa.5000 snippets from radiology notesb.Classify snippets according to: 1) Meaningful term, 2) Relevance to joint, 3) Attribution to IA, 4) Affirmationb.4068 classifications with 1017 snippets (in rounds of 50-417 snippets for NLP training & testing)4 Rule developmenta.Identify meaningful terms representing erosiona. 6 terms (pencil * cup, erosion, erosive, etc.)b.Exclude erosive processes irrelevant to joint(s)b. 28 irrelevant processes (i.e. gastric erosion)c. Exclude articular erosive processes not attributed to IAc. 5 non-IA processes IA (i.e. infection)d. Classify as affirmed/negated (erosion present/absent)d. 83 affirmation/negation rules5 NLP trainingDesign & revise NLP model until accuracy ≥90%6 rounds, 817 snippets (AS 417, RA 200, PsA 200)6 NLP testingTest NLP model200 snippets (AS 100, RA 50, PsA 50)7 Pt classificationa. Develop rules for classifying pts with discordant snippetsa. 5 rules developed in 368 ptsb. Build reference sample (pts classified as erosive or non-erosive via chart review)b. 30 IA pts (10 AS, 10 RA, 10 PsA)8 NLP validationValidate NLP model in reference sample at snippet level149 snippets (29 AS, 76 RA, 44 PsA)9 Method validationValidate methods (NLP+pt classification) at pt level30 IA pts (reference sample)pt= patient. ^Snippets include text containing 30 words before & after meaningful termsResults:In 168,667 veterans with IA, the mean age was 63.1 & 90.3% were male. Method development involved radiology note & erosion term selection, rule development, NLP model building, & method validation. The NLP model accuracy was 94.6% at the snippet level & 90.0% at the patient level, for all IA patients.Accuracy of methods.Conclusion:The methods accurately identify erosions from radiology reports of veterans with IA. They may facilitate a broad range of research involving cohort identification & disease severity stratificationReferences:[1]Walsh JA, et al. J Rheumatol. 2020;47(1):42-49Disclosure of Interests:Gopi Penmetsa: None declared, Shaobo Pei: None declared, Brian Sauer Grant/research support from: I have been an investigator on research contracts supported by Abbvie., Jessica A. Walsh Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Merck, Pfizer, Bingjian Feng Grant/research support from: Bing-Jian Feng reports funding and sponsorship to his institution on his behalf from Pfizer Inc., Regeneron Genetics Center LLC, and Astra Zeneca (UK). The PERCH software, for which Bing-Jian Feng is the inventor, has been non-exclusively licensed to Ambry Genetics for clinical genetic testing services and research., Jodi Walker Shareholder of: Abbvie and mutual funds containing various pharmaceutical companies, Employee of: Abbvie, Kevin Douglas Shareholder of: employed by Abbvie, Employee of: employed by Abbvie, Jerry Clewell Shareholder of: Own Abbvie Shares and mutual funds that hold pharmaceutical and other health care stocks, Employee of: I am current Abbvie Inc employee and past employee of Eli Lilly co
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Kovalenko, P. S., I. S. Dydykina, A. V. Smirnov, and E. L. Nasonov. "Changes in erosion count scores during denosumab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Medical alphabet, no. 31 (January 13, 2024): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2023-31-39-42.

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Background. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) are associated with the progression of joint erosions in RA. Currently, the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic therapy for the prevention of erosive arthritis is discussing.The aim of the study. To evaluate the effect of denosumab on the erosion score progression in patients with RA and OP, taking into account the activity of the disease and RF or ACCP positivity.Materials and methods. The study included 66 postmenopausal women with determined diagnosis of RA and OP. Non-erosive arthritis was in 23 (35 %) patients, erosive – in 21 (32 %), ankylosis of the joints was diagnosed in 22 (33 %) people. RF (+) was detected in 47 (72 %) people, ACCP (+) – in 48 (74 %) people. Denosumab 60 mg was injected subcutaneously once every 6 months (two injections). The duration of follow-up was 12 months. RA activity was assessed by the DAS 28 index. The erosion was calculated according to the Sharp / van der Heijde (SVH) method.Results. RA patients were divided into four groups: RF (+) and RF (–), ACCP (+) and ACCP (–), comparable in basic clinical features. At the same time, in the RF (+) group, the duration of RA, the frequency of ankylosis of the joints and the erosion count were initially higher compared to the RF (–). After 12 months of therapy, 7 (14.9 %) patients in the RF (+) group and 8 (16.7 %) patients in the ACCP (+) group the number of erosions has increased. There was no increase in the number of erosions in the RF (–) and ACCP (–) groups. In the analyzed groups, there were no changes in the erosion count depending on RA activity.Conclusions. An increase in the erosion score was found in the RF (+) and ACCP (+) groups despite the treatment with denosumab. In the RF (–) and ACCP (–) groups this indicator did not change. The inclusion of denosumab in the complex therapy of RA and OP is reasonable for prevention of OP and erosions progression in women with seronegative RA.
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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Multiple Axial Erosions on a Three-Dimensional Crack in Determining the Fatigue Life of Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 1 (May 22, 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1386656.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded, autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is solved via the finite element method (FEM). Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a0/t=0.01-0.40, and crack ellipticities, a0/c=0.5-1.5, emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometry, namely: (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t=0.05-0.4; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h=0.3-2.0. The erosion separation angle, α, is taken from 7 to 360 deg. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion. The effective SIF for relatively short cracks is enhanced by the presence, separation distance and geometry of the erosion, as well as the crack geometry, and may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life of up to an order of magnitude.
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Jablonski-Momeni, Anahita, Franka Hanselmann, Peter Bottenberg, and Heike Korbmacher-Steiner. "Detection of Erosive Changes on Smooth Surfaces with and without Orthodontic Brackets Using an Intraoral Scanner—An In Vitro Study." Diagnostics 13, no. 20 (October 17, 2023): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13203232.

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Background: Consumption of acidic beverages favours development of erosions. Modern diagnostic methods are required to detect erosions at an early stage. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of an intraoral scanner (IOS) for detection of erosive changes on smooth surfaces adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Methods: Orthodontic metal brackets were attached to the buccal surfaces of 58 extracted permanent human teeth. Teeth were randomly divided into groups: A = 6% citric acid, B = Coca-Cola, C = Redbull, D = Powerade, E = Control, no acid exposure. Teeth were exposed to acid in three erosion cycles, followed by rinsing and brushing. Scans of teeth were performed at baseline and after each erosion cycle and enamel loss was measured. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) measurements were performed as reference standard. Results: Significant substance loss was measured in all acid groups after the second and third erosion cycle (p < 0.0001). Correlation between scans and QLF were significant (p = 0.001). Conclusions: With IOS, it was possible to detect and quantify enamel erosion at smooth surfaces with and without orthodontic brackets after a short exposure time. Considering the limitations of in vitro results, the use of IOS can be a promising digital tool to detect and monitor erosive enamel changes during fixed orthodontic treatment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Erosion"

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Åsen, Kristina, and Anna Boking. "Dental erosion : kolsyrade vattens erosiva potential." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-5272.

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Syftet med studien var att undersöka den erosiva potentialen av vanligt förekommande kolsyrade vatten med eller utan smaksättning. Studien genomfördes som en laboratoriestudie vid Institutionen för Odontologi vid Göteborgs universitet. Totalt omfattades studien av 34 buteljerade kolsyrade vatten med eller utan smak, tre kolsyrade vatten producerade i kolsyreapparat samt sex referensdrycker. Samtliga produkter testades genom registrering av initialt pH med pH-elektrod och buffring med 0,1 M NaOH till det värde då pH neutraliserats. Dryckens surhetsgrad beräknades därefter vilket anses som ett mått på dess erosiva potential. Resultatet visade att majoriteten av kolsyrade vatten hade ett initialt pH-värde >5 men variationer fanns mellan varumärken. Samtliga studerade vatten uppvisade en lägre erosiv potential jämfört med referensdrycker som färskpressad citron- och apelsinjuice, men inte jämfört med läskedrycker. Data visade att syrakoncentrationen steg när mängden kolsyra ökade. Olika smaktillsatser hade endast en mindre påverkan på den erosiva potentialen. Denna studie visade att kolsyremängden var av större betydelse än smaktillsats för syrakoncentrationen i vattnet.


The aim of this study was to investigate the erosive potential of the most commonly used carbonated waters with or without flavouring. The study was preformed as an in vitro study at the Institution of Odontology at University of Gothenburg. The study was comprised by 34 bottled carbonated waters with or without flavouring, three carbonated waters produced in a carbonator machine and six control drinks. Products were tested and pH was measured using a pH electrode and buffered gradually with 0,1 M NaOH until pH reached neutral value. Calculation of the acidity of the drinks, which is a grade on its erosive potential, was measured. The results showed that a majority of the studied carbonated waters had a pH baseline value >5, but variations existed among the different labels. All of the studied waters showed a lower erosive potential compared with the control products freshly squeezed lemon- and orangejuice, but compared to soft drinks. Data showed that the acid concentration gradually arouse when carbondioxide was added to the water. Different flavouring had only a slight influence on the erosive potential. This study showed that adding carbondioxide was of larger importance than adding flavouring for the acid concentration in the water.

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Giovanini, Junior Nelson. "Análise e aplicação de metodologias de predição de processos erosivos utilizando SIG na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego do Engano, Nova Canaã Paulista - SP /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181272.

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Orientador: César Gustavo da Rocha Lima
Resumo: A bacia hidrográfica é uma unidade geomorfológica que agrega os impactos das interferências antrópicas e naturais sobre os recursos hídricos. Mudanças significativas nas características de uma bacia, causadas por processos naturais ou atividades antrópicas, podem gerar alterações, efeitos e impactos na estabilidade biótica e abiótica do sistema, desencadeando desequilíbrios ambientais e, portanto, a degradação da paisagem. Dentre os processos causadores dessa degradação, destaca-se a erosão dos solos. A erosão é um processo geológico responsável pela remoção e pelo transporte de partículas do solo, principalmente pela ação da água das chuvas sendo um importante agente na modelagem da paisagem terrestre e na redistribuição de energia no interior da bacia hidrográfica. Neste trabalho será analisada a relação entre algumas metodologias – e suas modificações - de predição de ocorrência de processos erosivos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego do Engano utilizando um ambiente de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas. Foram aplicados três diferentes métodos: Vulnerabilidade Natural à Erosão (VNE), Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (USLE) e processo de análise hierárquica (AHP). Para a aplicação dos três métodos foi utilizado um Sistema de Informação Geográfica com a criação de um banco de dados com diversas informações necessárias para a aplicação dos métodos, como: mapa de precipitação, erosividade, tipos de solo, erodibilidade, tipos de rochas, fatores topográficos e uso e ocupação.... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The drainage basin is a geomorphological unit that aggregates the protection of anthropic and natural interferences on water resources. Changes in the characteristics of a basin, caused by natural processes or anthropic activities, can generate changes, effects and stability in the biology and in the abiotic system, triggering environmental imbalances and, therefore, a degradation of the landscape. Among the processes that causes this degradation, there is soil erosion. Erosion is a geological process responsible for the removal and transport of soil particles, mainly by the action of rainwater, being an important agent in the modeling of the terrestrial landscape and in the redistribution of energy within a drainage basin. This work will analyze the relationship between some methodologies - and their modifications - of predicting the occurrence of erosive processes in the Corrego do Engano drainage basin using a Geographic Information Systems environment. Three different methods were applied: Natural Erosion Vulnerability (VNE), Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and hierarchical analysis process (AHP). For the application of the three methods was used a Geographic Information System with the creation of a database with several information needed to work with these methods, such as: precipitation map, erosivity, soil types, erodibility, types of rocks, factors topography and land use. For each methodology was determined the probability of occurrence of erosive processes bas... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Hamlin, Lauren Kearns. "Erosion." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05282009-130629/.

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Lönnborg, Pernilla. "Erosion." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168677.

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Byggnader är under ständig förändring. Den omkringliggande miljön orsakar en nedbrytning i form av vittring. Material som bryts ner. Vi vet att en byggnad inte kommer att finns för alltid så vad händer om vi låter nedbrytningen vara en tillgång. Naturens processer ger oss perspektiv på tid. Årstider som följer varandra. Berg som eroderar och formeras. Hur kan man förstärka upplevelsen av tid och rum genom en byggnad som tillåts interagera med den omkringliggande miljön och vara under ständig förändring?
Buildings are constantly changing. The surrounding environment partly causes a breakdown through weathering. Materials that breaks down. We know that a building won’t stand forever so what happens if we turn the decomposition to an asset? The process of nature gives us perspective of time. Seasons that follows each other. Rocks that erodes and forms. How can we enhance the experience of time through a building that allows integrating with the surrounding environment and being in constant change?
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Slotte, Mikael. "Erosion." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146183.

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Rosenlunds sandbankar är ett naturskyddsområde mellan Jönköping och Huskvarna som rasar med ungefär 30 cm per år. Platsen tillåts att årligen krympa men inte att användas. Det görs inga större ansatser för att dokumentera den för framtida generationer eller synliggöra den för nu levande generationer. I detta examensarbete undersöks ett naturligt fenomen som kommer att påverka civilisationer i tusentals år. Examensarbetet syftar i första hand till att återintroducera en bortglömd plats och beskriva hur den förändras i tid och rum. Med hjälp av studier om erosion, landhöjning, istid och med hjälp av fältstudier tolkas platsens förgänglighet i fotografier och i en serie ritningar. Därefter föreslås ett promenadstråk där det direkt går att beskåda de geologiska processer som omformar platsen. Stråket knyts ihop över tre terränger – sandbank, strandkant och sjö. Den enkla konstruktionen består av balkar och trädäck som placeras på träpålar och gabioner. Konstruktionens livstid är i ett idealfall detsamma som platsens – pelare kommer att ruttna, delar av platsen kommer att växa igen och i ett längre tidsperspektiv kommer branten att flackas ut. Under hela konstruktionens livstid kommer den att kunna användas för att tolka de processer som pågår på platsen och spegla platsens unika förgänglighet.
Rosenlunds sandbankar is a nature reserve between Jönköping and Huskvarna eroding about 30 cm per year. It is allowed to annually shrink but not to be used. There are no major attempts to document it for future generations or to make it visible for the present. This thesis examines a natural phenomenon that will affect civilizations for thousands of years. The work is primarily aimed at reintroducing a forgotten site and describe how it changes in time and space. Using studies of erosion, land uplift, ice age and with the help of field studies the site's transformation is interpreted in photographs and a series of drawings. I propose a promenade where the geological processes that transform the site can be observed and followed. The footpath connects three terrains - sand bluff, shore and lake. The structure consists of beams and decking placed on wooden piles and gabions. In an ideal case it will exist as long as the site itself. Pillars will rot, parts of the site will be overgrown, and in the longer term, the slope will flatten out. During its life span, the structure can be used to interpret the processes and reflect the site's unique transience.
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Dotson, Matthew. "Erosion." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/490.

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In my work I am often drawn to relatively simple systems that unfold before the listener. In Erosion, there are several of these processes which unfold simultaneously. The piece begins with a pitch cluster that gradually spreads into total chromatic saturation (about half-way through the piece) before shrinking back into clusters. As this is happening there is, on a macro level, a gradual speeding of events throughout the entire duration of the work. The interactions between this linear progression in the time domain and the (relatively) cyclical progression in the frequency domain form the main dialogue of the work.
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Garcia-Chevesich, Pablo Andres. "Erosion Processes and Control." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195844.

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This dissertation represents a unique contribution to the Spanish literature of soil erosion. The author of this document has written and published "Procesos y control de la erosion", a textbook about the engineering of soil erosion processes and the design of the most up-to-date methods and products used for erosion control. The text has been presented in Appendix A.Besides the above, the author of this dissertation is an active committee member at the International Erosion Control Association (IECA), specifically the International Development and the SOIL Fund programs. IECA members are drawn from individuals and erosion control business of different sizes. However, there was a lack of knowledge within IECA members about the formation of post-fire water repellent layers. For instance, Appendix B is represented by an article written by the author of this document, published in Environmental Connection (Volume 2, Issue 3), on July of 2008. The article gives a general description of what post-fire water repellency is, how is it formed, what factors affect it, its consequences on soil erosion, and how to control soil erosion on an efficient way when such a layer has been formed as a consequence of fire.Finally, Appendix C is a research paper in process of submission to the International Journal of Wildland Fire, about the formation of post-fire water repellent layers on Chilean Monterrey pine plantations. Since water repellent layers following wildfires have never been documented on Chilean soils, the need for such a publication is urgent, because Chilean land managers have been ignorant of such phenomenon.
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Cruz, Carla da [UNESP]. "Análise comparativa da evolução das boçorocas nos anos de 1962 e 1999 nos municípios de Pompéia e Oriente SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92940.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-01-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cruz_c_me_rcla.pdf: 5048620 bytes, checksum: c2c3ba7c2e63bbfe95d39f75f71b9604 (MD5)
Realizou-se neste trabalho a análise comparativa entre boçorocas existentes no ano de 1962 com as do ano de 1999, enfocando sua evolução, estabilização e reutilização nos municípios de Pompéia e Oriente, localizados no Planalto Ocidental Paulista, Esta análise constituiu-se de fotointerpretação de fotografias aéreas da área de estudo, na escala 1:25. 000, e trabalhos de campo que incluíram o cadastramento e mensuração das boçorocas do primeiro período, e suas alterações recentes ao longo destes anos, bem como novas boçorocas na mesma área para efeitos de comparação e atualização. Os municípios estudados, ficam entre as cidades de Tupã e Marília, área de aproximadamente 20 km , constituída geologicamente pelas Formações Marília e Adamantina pertencentes ao Grupo Bauru e geomorfologicamente pelos Planaltos Residual de Marília e Centro Ocidental. A metodologia aplicada neste caso constou de levantamento geológico expedito, análise pedológica parcial e delimitação da compartimentação geomorfológica. Estes elementos foram analisados a luz das atuais condições climáticas, da atual vegetação e do recente uso e ocupação do solo e suas implicações com as boçorocas anteriores e as atuais. Esta análise implicou na proposta de estabelecer a interação entre as características naturais associadas às atividades antrópicas e ao processo erosivo implantado na área em questão. Obteve-se com a comparação dos resultados à influência conjunta dos fatores citados na ocorrência de erosões e na permanência do processo erosivo nos municípios estudados, verificando-se modificações nas boçorocas de 1962, tendo sido utilizados meios de contenção e de reutilização dessas feições erosivas. Em outros casos, as boçorocas apresentaram quadro de estabilização natural. Demonstrou-se com os dados obtidos que a mudança...
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Oliveira, Rodolfo Lopes de Souza. "Análise e caracterização da dinâmica geomórfica erosiva da área urbana de Alfenas, sul de Minas Gerais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-13052015-112055/.

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Os processos relativos à urbanização promovem alterações nas dinâmicas naturais, inclusive, sobre o relevo. Assim, a Geomorfologia apresenta-se como uma área de conhecimento importante para orientar a ocupação, estudando a evolução das formas e como estas passam a ser definidas na paisagem. Por essa premissa, este trabalho objetiva analisar o grau de suscetibilidade dos materiais superficiais e da morfologia do relevo da área urbana de Alfenas MG a processos erosivos, justificando-se pela sua proposta de direcionamento para entender as respostas e as reações do relevo e do uso do solo às precipitações, ao comportamento da hidrologia (superficial e subsuperficial) e às interferências antrópicas, tendo por base informações detalhadas sobre esses elementos, pois há modificações nos fluxos de matéria e de energia operantes. Isso ajuda a explicar as ocorrências de processos erosivos da área, além de prever estados da morfologia onde estão operando esses processos ou seja, até mesmo para compreender a antropogeomorfologia da área. A área de estudo corresponde à sede do município de Alfenas, localizada entre as coordenadas de 21º15 e 21º35 de latitude S e 46º00 e 46º50 de longitude W, incluída na carta topográfica de Alfenas, na escala 1:50.000. Foram utilizados materiais como a Planta Cadastral de Alfenas e fotografias aéreas na escala de 1:6.000, além de sistemas de informações geográficas e mapeamentos de detalhe para as análises, bem como ensaios de campo e de laboratório. Com a análise de dados morfométricos e da mecânica dos materiais superficiais, foi possível identificar e caracterizar os processos erosivos observados nos compartimentos de relevo definidos. Constatou-se que a ocupação antrópica alterou as formas e tem, de fato, contribuído para a deflagração de erosão acelerada.
Urbanization causes changes in natural dynamics, including relief. On this way, Geomorphology represents an important scientific area that helps to guide occupancy actions, due to morphology evolutions studies and how forms are defined in landscape. Starting by this point, this work aims to analyze the level of susceptibility of surface materials and morphology of urban area of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, to erosion. This is justified by a proposed guidance to understand the responses and the reactions of relief to land use, climate precipitation, hidrology (superficial and subsuperficial) and antropic processes, based on detailed information about these elements, because there are changes in flows of matter and energy operant. All of this helps to explain the occurrence of erosion in the area, besides to preview morphology states where erosional processes are occurring ie, even to understand the antropomorphology of area. The study area is the city of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, located between coordinates 21º15 and 21º 35 of latitude S and 46º00 and 46º50 of longitude W, included in topographic map of Alfenas (scale 1:50.000). Materials such the Cadastral Plant of Alfenas and aereal photographs (scale 1:6.000), as well geographic information systems, detail mapping and geotechnic essays were used for analysis. The obtained morphometric and surface materials mechanics data were fundamental to identify and to characterize erosional processes observed on the defined forms. It was found that human occupation has altered the forms and has contributed to the outbreak of accelerated erosion.
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Schmidt, Walter, and Marcus Schindewolf. "Erosion 3D Sachsen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-38172.

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Für die Erstellung von Bewirtschaftungs- und Maßnahmenplänen (FFH, EU-WRRL) ist es erforderlich, den bislang noch sehr hohen Aufwand für die Datenbeschaffung und -generierung im Rahmen der Modellierung mit EROSION 3D zu senken. Erreicht werden soll eine schnellere sowie effizientere Abschätzung von Landnutzungsänderungen, Landschaftseingriffen, des Klimawandels usw. auf Oberflächenabfluss, Bodenabtrag sowie Sedimenteintrag in Gewässer mit EROSION 3D. Im vorliegenden Projekt ist es gelungen, Parametrisierung und Modellanwendung so zu kombinieren, dass eine Bodenabtragssimulation mit dem Modell EROSION 3D flächendeckend für Sachsen mit vertretbarem Zeitaufwand durchführbar ist. Der korrigierte und angepasste Geo-Basisdatensatz liefert die Primärinformationen zur Datenbankabfrage der Parametrisierungssoftware DPROC. Durch eine interaktive Flächenauswahl, kombiniert mit einem Flächendatenzuschnitt, können Landnutzungs- und Bearbeitungsszenarien für hydrologische Einzugsgebiete oder Oberflächenwasserkörper schnell parametrisiert werden. Die grundlegend korrigierte und erweiterte Datenbank des DPROC erlaubt die verbesserte Abschätzung erosionsrelevanter Bodenparameter, besonders für die dauerhaft konservierende Bodenbearbeitung und die Direktsaat. Die umfangreiche Dokumentation der Arbeitsschritte und die Transparenz der Datenbank ermöglichen es, jederzeit Aktualisierungen (Geo-Basisdaten) und Erweiterungen (DPROC-Datenbank) vorzunehmen. Von den Projektergebnissen profitieren vor allem die Anwender des Programms EROSION 3D. Beim Druck des Dokumentes ist zu beachten, dass die Karten im Format DIN A3 erstellt wurden.
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Books on the topic "Erosion"

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Zaro, Mariano. Poems of erosion: Poemas de la erosión. San Francisco, CA: Carayan Press, 2003.

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Erosion. [Chanhassen, MN]: Child's World, 1999.

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Erosion. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co., 2011.

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Erosion. Vero Beach, Florida]: Rourke Educational Media, 2015.

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Erosion. Minneapolis, MN: Carolrhoda Books, 1999.

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Zappa, Marcia. Erosion. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub. Co., 2011.

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Pelleschi, Andrea. Erosion. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.

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Montalais, Jacques de. Erosion. Paris: Le Pont de l'Epee, 1985.

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Riley, Joelle. Erosion. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 2007.

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Charlier, Roger H., and Christian P. De Meyer. Coastal Erosion. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0011384.

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Book chapters on the topic "Erosion"

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Roth, Lawrence O., and Harry L. Field. "Erosion and Erosion Control." In An Introduction to Agricultural Engineering: A Problem-Solving Approach, 218–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1425-7_18.

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Roth, Lawrence O., and Harry L. Field. "Erosion and Erosion Control." In Introduction to Agricultural Engineering, 218–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3594-2_18.

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Field, Harry L., and John M. Long. "Erosion and Erosion Control." In Introduction to Agricultural Engineering Technology, 279–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69679-9_18.

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Zorn, Matija, and Blaž Komac. "Erosion." In Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, 288–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_120.

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Jahren, Per, and Tongbo Sui. "Erosion." In How Water Influences Our Lives, 161–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1938-8_8.

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Brady, Roland H. "Erosion." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_114-1.

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Weik, Martin H. "erosion." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 536. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6393.

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Schuurs, Albert. "Erosion." In Pathology of the Hard Dental Tissues, 156–72. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118702659.ch6.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Erosion." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 273. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4496.

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Brady, Roland H. "Erosion." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 302–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_114.

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Conference papers on the topic "Erosion"

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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Finite Three Dimensional Multiple Axial Erosions on the Fatigue Life of Partially Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1160.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from the farthest erosion’s deepest point in a finitely or fully multiply eroded, partially autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder is investigated. The problem is solved via the FEM method. Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs were evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a/t = 0.01 – 0.30 and crack ellipticities, a/c = 0.5 – 1.5 emanating from the tip of the erosion of various geometries, namely, a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10% of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t = 0.05 – 0.3; and C) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h = 0.5 – 1.5. In the cases of finite erosions, the semi-erosion length to the semicrack length, Le/c, was between 2 and 10, erosion angular spacing, α, was between 7 and 120 degrees, whereas autofrettage effects investigated were for 30%, 60% and 100% autofrettage. The normalized SIFs and the normalized effective SIFs of a crack emanating from the farthest finite erosion are found to rise sharply for values of Le/c < 3. Both the normalized SIF and normalized effective SIF values are mitigated as the amount of partial autofrettage increases with the most rapid decrease occurring between 0–60% autofrettage. The purpose of this study is to detail these findings.
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Wilson, Grace, Brian Gelder, Brent Dalzell, Daryl Herzmann, and David Mulla. "The Daily Erosion Project - Incorporating Wind Erosion." In Soil Erosion Research Under a Changing Climate, January 8-13, 2023, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, USA. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/soil.23064.

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Wilson, Grace, Brian Gelder, Brent Dalzell, Daryl Herzmann, and David Mulla. "The Daily Erosion Project - Incorporating Wind Erosion." In Soil Erosion Research Under a Changing Climate, January 8-13, 2023, Aguadilla, Puerto Rico, USA. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/soil.2023064.

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Ma, Q., C. Levy, and M. Perl. "Stress Concentration and Stress Intensity for Pressurized Eroded Autofrettaged Thick Cylinders With Bauschinger Effect." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25607.

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Our previous studies have shown that stress intensity factors (SIFs) are influenced considerably from the presence of the Bauschinger Effect (BE) in thick-walled pressurized cracked cylinders. For some types of pressure vessels, such as gun barrels, working in corrosive environment, in addition to acute temperature gradients and repetitive high-pressure impulses, erosions can be practically induced. Those erosions cause stress concentration at the bore, where cracks can readily initiate and propagate. In this study, The BE on the SIFs will be investigated for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded autofrettaged, pressurized thick-walled cylinder. A commercial finite element package, ANSYS, was employed to perform this type of analysis. A two-dimensional model, analogous to the authors’ previous studies, has been adopted for this new investigation. Autofrettage with and without BE, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and the SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. The SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack lengths, a0/t = 0.01–0.45 emanating from the tip of the erosion of different geometries including (a) semi-circular erosions of relative depths of 1–10 percent of the cylinder’s wall thickness, t; (b) arc erosions for several dimensionless radii of curvature, r′/t = 0.05–0.4; and (c) semi-elliptical erosions with ellipticities of d/h = 0.5–1.5, and erosion span angle, α, from 6 deg to 360 deg. The effective SIFs for relatively short cracks are found to be increased by the presence of the erosion and further increased due to the BE, which may result in a significant decrease in the vessel’s fatigue life. Deep cracks are found to be almost unaffected by the erosion, but are considerably affected by BE.
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BUTLER, GERALD, and FRANCIS FENDELL. "Thermochemical erosion." In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-468.

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"Internal erosion." In The 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375045-48.

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Peri, S., and B. Rogers. "Understanding Erosion Prediction: Determining Erosion in a Choke." In IPTC 2007: International Petroleum Technology Conference. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.147.iptc11770.

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Ramachandran, S., K. A. Bartrip, C. Menendez, and S. Coscio. "Preventing Erosion and Erosion Corrosion Using Specialty Chemicals." In International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/80218-ms.

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Crockett, Harold M., and Jeffrey S. Horowitz. "Tackling Erosion in Nuclear Piping Systems." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26086.

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Various mechanisms degrade power piping in nuclear power plants. The most important mechanism has been flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC). FAC has caused ruptures and leaks and has led to numerous piping replacements. U.S. utilities are using a combination of EPRI software and aggressive inspection programs to deal with FAC. However, current technology does not deal with erosive forms of attack including, cavitation erosion, flashing erosion, droplet impingement, and solid particle erosion. These forms of degradation have caused shutdowns and leaks have become a maintenance issue. To deal with these problems EPRI has begun a series of projects in this area. The first of these was a comprehensive report on erosion in piping systems. This work was followed with a computerized training module designed to educate utility engineers about erosive attack. Further steps are planned to deal with these forms of degradation. The first will be a meeting with knowledgeable EPRI and utility engineers to prioritize the damage mechanisms. From this meeting a research plan will be developed. This paper will present a description of erosive damage mechanisms and describe the planned R&D to deal with these mechanisms.
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Sonoya, K. "Blast Erosion Properties of Erosion-Resistant Thermally Sprayed Coatings." In ITSC2001, edited by Christopher C. Berndt, Khiam A. Khor, and Erich F. Lugscheider. ASM International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p1303.

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Abstract The present investigation compares blast erosion characteristics of coatings that are prepared with abrasion resistant surface treatment materials and various consolidation processes. Furthermore, it elucidates operating mechanisms in blast erosion of various sprayed coatings. The investigation presents the blast erosion test conditions and assessment of test results and discusses the effects of coating materials on abrasion loss and impingement angle on abrasion loss. It includes illustrations on SEM observation and cross-sectional observation of damaged areas. In addition, information on blast erosion resistant characteristics of materials tested and wear mechanism in blast erosion is also provided.
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Reports on the topic "Erosion"

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Lyczkowski, R. W., J. X. Bouillard, S. M. Folga, and S. L. Chang. User`s manual for EROSION/MOD1: A computer program for fluids-solids erosion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10108132.

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Inghram, M. G. Erosion along the Kenai River. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1130.

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Knight, Lynn, and Suzy Hodgson. Economics of Gully Erosion Stabilization. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893749.ch.

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Rainfall intensity is increasing in the Northeastern U.S. Stabilizing gullies is one strategy for adapting to this changing climate. This case study evaluates the costs and benefits of restoring gullies at Last Resort Farm.
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Frederick, Jennifer M., Matthew Anthony Thomas, Diana L. Bull, Craig A. Jones, and Jesse D. Roberts. The Arctic Coastal Erosion Problem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1431492.

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Whyte, D. G., R. Bastasz, W. R. Wampler, J. N. Brooks, W. P. West, and C. P. C. Wong. Divertor erosion in DIII-D. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/654183.

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Montalvo-Bartolomei, Axel, Bryant Robbins, Erica Medley, and Benjamin Breland. Backward erosion testing : Magnolia Levee. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42140.

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Using a confined flume device, an experimental study investigated the critical horizontal gradient of soils obtained from a site identified as potentially vulnerable to backward erosion piping (BEP). Tests were conducted on glacial outwash material obtained from a sand and gravel quarry in the vicinity of Magnolia Levee in the community of Magnolia, OH. The two bulk samples collected from the quarry had similar grain-size distributions, grain roundness, and depositional environments as the foundation materials beneath the levee. Samples were prepared at various densities and subjected to gradual increases of flow in a wooden flume with an acrylic top until BEP was observed. The critical average horizontal gradient ranged from 0.21 to 0.30 for a bulk sample with a coefficient of uniformity of 1.6, while tests conducted on a bulk sample with a coefficient of uniformity of 2.5 yielded critical average horizontal gradients of 0.31 to 0.36. The critical average gradients measured during these tests compared favorably to values in the literature after applying adjustments according to Schmertmann’s method.
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Shannon, Jameson. Low-logistic erosion control methodologies. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46914.

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This paper provides an in-depth review of certain slope stability practices discussed in ERDC/GSL TR-19-44, a technical report titled Erosion Control of Earth Covered Magazines to Maintain Minimum Cover Requirements. At the request of the sponsor, US Army Engineering and Support Center, this document specifically focuses on cost-efficient, low-logistic methods of erosion control such as shotcrete and spray-applied stabilizers.
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Overbeck, J. R. Coastal flooding & erosion in Alaska. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/30057.

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Solomon, S. M. Ivvavik National Park coastal erosion study. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208498.

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Malson, Bruce A. Tarnished Armor Erosion of Military Ethics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada194538.

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