Journal articles: 'ERM principle'

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Yao, Mingchen, Chao Zhang, and Wei Wu. "Learning Bounds of ERM Principle for Sequences of Time-Dependent Samples." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/826812.

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Many generalization results in learning theory are established under the assumption that samples are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). However, numerous learning tasks in practical applications involve the time-dependent data. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to analyze the generalization performance of the empirical risk minimization (ERM) principle for sequences of time-dependent samples (TDS). In particular, we first present the generalization bound of ERM principle for TDS. By introducing some auxiliary quantities, we also give a further analysis of the generalization properties and the asymptotical behaviors of ERM principle for TDS.

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Zhang, Hanrui, and Vincent Conitzer. "Incentive-Aware PAC Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 6 (May 18, 2021): 5797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i6.16726.

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We study PAC learning in the presence of strategic manipulation, where data points may modify their features in certain predefined ways in order to receive a better outcome. We show that the vanilla ERM principle fails to achieve any nontrivial guarantee in this context. Instead, we propose an incentive-aware version of the ERM principle which has asymptotically optimal sample complexity. We then focus our attention on incentive-compatible classifiers, which provably prevent any kind of strategic manipulation. We give a sample complexity bound that is, curiously, independent of the hypothesis class, for the ERM principle restricted to incentive-compatible classifiers. This suggests that incentive compatibility alone can act as an effective means of regularization. We further show that it is without loss of generality to consider only incentive-compatible classifiers when opportunities for strategic manipulation satisfy a transitivity condition. As a consequence, in such cases, our hypothesis-class-independent sample complexity bound applies even without incentive compatibility. Our results set the foundations of incentive-aware PAC learning.

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Cant, Sarah H., and Julie A. Pitcher. "G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2–mediated Phosphorylation of Ezrin Is Required for G Protein-coupled Receptor–dependent Reorganization of the Actin Cytoskeleton." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 7 (July 2005): 3088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-10-0877.

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G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) phosphorylates and desensitizes activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we identify ezrin as a novel non-GPCR substrate of GRK2. GRK2 phosphorylates glutathione S-transferase (GST)-ezrin, but not an ezrin fusion protein lacking threonine 567 (T567), in vitro. These results suggest that T567, the regulatory phosphorylation site responsible for maintaining ezrin in its active conformation, represents the principle site of GRK2-mediated phosphorylation. Two lines of evidence indicate that GRK2-mediated ezrin-radixinmoesin (ERM) phosphorylation serves to link GPCR activation to cytoskeletal reorganization. First, in Hep2 cells muscarinic M1 receptor (M1MR) activation causes membrane ruffling. This ruffling response is ERM dependent and is accompanied by ERM phosphorylation. Inhibition of GRK2, but not rho kinase or protein kinase C, prevents ERM phosphorylation and membrane ruffling. Second, agonist-induced internalization of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and M1MR is accompanied by ERM phosphorylation and localization of phosphorylated ERM to receptor-containing endocytic vesicles. The colocalization of internalized β2AR and phosphorylated ERM is not dependent on Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor binding to the β2AR. Inhibition of ezrin function impedes β2AR internalization, further linking GPCR activation, GRK activity, and ezrin function. Overall, our results suggest that GRK2 serves not only to attenuate but also to transduce GPCR-mediated signals.

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Ogino, Shuji, Charles S. Fuchs, and Edward Giovannucci. "How many molecular subtypes? Implications of the unique tumor principle in personalized medicine." Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 12, no. 6 (July 2012): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/erm.12.46.

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Jankensgård, Håkan. "A theory of enterprise risk management." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 19, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-02-2018-0092.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a theory of enterprise risk management (ERM). Design/methodology/approach The method is to develop a theory for ERM based on identifying the general risk management problems that it is supposed to solve and to apply the principle of deduction based on these premises. Findings ERM consists of risk governance, which is a set of mechanisms that deals with the agency problem of risk management and risk aggregation, which is a set of mechanisms that deals with the information problem of risk management. Research limitations/implications The theory, by identifying the central role of the Board of Directors, encourages further research into the capabilities and incentives of directors as determinants of ERM adoption. It also encourages research into how ERM adoption depends on proxies for agency problems of risk management, such as a decentralized company structure. Practical implications The theory encourages Boards of Directors to focus on understanding where the under and over management of risk are likely to be greatest, as opposed to the current practice of mapping a large number of risk factors. Originality/value The theory complements existing theory on corporate risk management, which revolves around the role of external frictions, by focusing on internal frictions in the firm that prevent effective risk management. It is the first work to delineate ERM vis-a-vis existing risk theory.

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Jurek, Michał, and Paweł Marszałek. "Monetary and exchange rate policy in Poland after 1990 - relationship and prospects of coordination." Economics and Business Review 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2008): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ebr.2008.2.546.

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The aim of the paper is to characterize relationship between monetary and exchange rate policies in Poland since 1990 and to shed some light on the prospects of coordination between them in the context of inclusion of the Polish zloty in the ERM II. We find that the evolution of both monetary and exchange rate policies was in principle correct, improving their abilities to influence the economy. As the most important changes we regard introduction of the inflation targeting strategy and switching to the float exchange rate regime. The latter one, however, may in our opinion interfere with the introduction of the zloty into the ERM II, thus making this process distant. (original abstract)

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Liu, Liyuan, Biqin Song, Zhibin Pan, Chuanwu Yang, Chi Xiao, and Weifu Li. "Gradient Learning under Tilted Empirical Risk Minimization." Entropy 24, no. 7 (July 9, 2022): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24070956.

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Gradient Learning (GL), aiming to estimate the gradient of target function, has attracted much attention in variable selection problems due to its mild structure requirements and wide applicability. Despite rapid progress, the majority of the existing GL works are based on the empirical risk minimization (ERM) principle, which may face the degraded performance under complex data environment, e.g., non-Gaussian noise. To alleviate this sensitiveness, we propose a new GL model with the help of the tilted ERM criterion, and establish its theoretical support from the function approximation viewpoint. Specifically, the operator approximation technique plays the crucial role in our analysis. To solve the proposed learning objective, a gradient descent method is proposed, and the convergence analysis is provided. Finally, simulated experimental results validate the effectiveness of our approach when the input variables are correlated.

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Yin, Ying. "Remanufacturing Research on Recycling Products of Machinery and Equipment Base on ERM." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1090–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1090.

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In the product design process，according to the environmentally responsible manufacturing principle to carry out remanufacturing engineering design，to achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of raw materials, energy conservation and protect the environment, remanufacture is a systemic engineering to consider the product life cycle, which can prolong the life of the product, optimize product design, achieve minimum cost of product life-cycle and maximum efficiency and minimum environmental pollution ultimately.

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Shaheen, Rami, Mehmet Ağa, Husam Rjoub, and Ahmad Abualrub. "Investigation of the Pillars of Sustainability Risk Management as an Extension of Enterprise Risk Management on Palestinian Insurance Firms’ Profitability." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114709.

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This research paper examined the simultaneous relationship between sustainability risk management (SRM) as an extension of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and Palestinian insurance firms’ profitability, for the period spanning 2007Q1 to 2018Q4, by applying the panel dynamic (Generalized Method of Moments) GMM model. The literature was expanded by providing a comprehensive understanding of determining the pillars of ERM with the use of the factor analysis principle component method. The findings revealed that the firm’s profitability positively corresponded to ERM1 implementation, which represents “management efficiency”. In contrast, it shows negative correspondence to ERM2 implementation, which represents “control and ownership”. Furthermore, there were slightly negative signs from managing the use of leverage and they were conservative in terms of loss reserves. The challenges of firms’ profitability have negatively corresponded to emerging sustainability risks, such as political stability, that cause premiums written to show weak signs of excessive choice of risk or prices that are not met carefully. Interestingly, there is a positive relationship in the interaction between ERM2 implementation during the crisis period on insurance firms’ profitability. There is a robust causal relationship from ERM to the profitability (either positive or negative). The reverse causality is also significant but to a lesser extent. Thus, the study recommends alignment more coherent with the implication of ERM as holistic risk according to the market characteristic towards the environmental perils leads to sustainable development and its segments to maintain the longer term of survival in the firms’ performance.

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Maharani, Clarissa, and Efa Yonnedi. "The Influence of the Implementation Analysis on the Advanced Risk Management Enterprise : The Role Of Environmental, Social and Governance Performance." Ilomata International Journal of Management 4, no. 3 (July 18, 2023): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52728/ijjm.v4i3.830.

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The objective of this study is to investigate the extent to which Enterprise Risk Management Advanced (ERMADV) implementation impacts firm performance and value moderated by ESG performance. The assessment of ERMADV implementation level is done by using eight components derived from governance and firm operating activities whose measurements are founded on Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) principle and COSO ERM-Integrated Framework. Board Gender Diversity, Board of Commissioner Size, Firm Size, Leverage as well as Return on Equity (ROE) were further used in this study as control variables. This study includes companies concerning the manufacture and mining industry that is registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange website from year 2015 to 2021. The findings of this research show that ERMADV significantly affects firm performance and value. In addition, it was discovered that ESG plays a large moderating influence. ESG suggests that an advanced ERM framework will prioritize risks associated with ESG-related aspects if it is resilient and integrated. As a result, this strategy will direct organizations in developing ethical decision-making strategies, improving financial performance and firm value.

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Xiong, Ding, and Lu Yan. "A Classification Learning Research based on Discriminative Knowledge-Leverage Transfer." International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence 9, no. 4 (October 2018): 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaci.2018100104.

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Current transfer learning models study the source data for future target inferences within a major view, the whole source data should be used to explore the shared knowledge structure. However, human resources are constrained, the source domain data is collected as a whole in the real scene. However, this is not realistic, this data is associated with the target domain. A generalized empirical risk minimization model (GERM) is proposed in this article with discriminative knowledge-leverage (KL). The empirical risk minimization (ERM) principle is extended to the transfer learning setting. The theoretical upper bound of generalized ERM (GERM) is given for the practical discriminative transfer learning. The subset of the source domain data can be automatically selected in the model, and the source domain data is associated with the target domain. It can solve with only some knowledge of the source domain being available, thus it can avoid the negative transfer effect which is caused by the whole source domain dataset in the real scene. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is better than the traditional transfer learning algorithm in simulation data sets and real data sets.

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Arshid, Hossein, Mohammad Khorasani, Zeinab Soleimani-Javid, Rossana Dimitri, and Francesco Tornabene. "Quasi-3D Hyperbolic Shear Deformation Theory for the Free Vibration Study of Honeycomb Microplates with Graphene Nanoplatelets-Reinforced Epoxy Skins." Molecules 25, no. 21 (November 2, 2020): 5085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215085.

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A novel quasi-3D hyperbolic shear deformation theory (QHSDT) with five unknowns is here employed, together with the Hamilton’s principle and the modified couple stress theory (MCST) to analyze the vibrational behavior of rectangular micro-scale sandwich plates resting on a visco-Pasternak foundation. The sandwich structure features a Nomex or Glass phenolic honeycomb core, and two composite face sheets reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GPLs). The effective properties of both face sheets are evaluated by means of the Halpin-Tsai and extended rule of mixture (ERM) micromechanical schemes. The governing equations of the problem are derived by applying the Hamilton’s principle, whose solutions are determined theoretically according to a classical Navier-type procedure. A parametric study checks for the effect of different material properties, length-scale parameters, foundation parameters and geometrical properties of the honeycomb cells, and the reinforcing GPLs, on the vibration response of the layered structure, which can be of great interest for many modern engineering applications and their optimization design.

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Высоцкий, В. Е., С. А. Конева, И. Ю. Марков, and В. М. Цалоев. "Synthesis of a scalar ACS of the valve motor rotational speed for the icebreaker's ERM with a propulsion-steering complex "Azipod"." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII), no. 3(53) (August 27, 2021): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.53.3.024.

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В статье рассматриваются основные тенденции развития систем судового автоматизированного электропривода с машинами переменного тока. В частности представлены варианты реализации электропривода с использованием частотно управляемых асинхронных двигателей и синхронных двигателей с электромагнитным возбуждением. Предлагается перспективная электромеханическая система на основе вентильного двигателя для ГЭУ ледокола с движительно-рулевым комплексом «Азипод». Целью работы является исключение структурной сложности и повышения функциональных возможностей электропривода за счет применения скалярной САУ частоты вращения вентильного двигателя вместо векторной для ГЭУ. Новизна заключается в использовании подхода и представления вентильного двигателя как объекта регулирования на основе аналогии с коллекторным двигателем постоянного тока при регулировании положения его оси токосъема. В соответствии с этим анализ информационных процессов, связанных с процессами электромеханического преобразования энергии, протекающими в синхронной машине с позиционно-зависимым частотным управлением, и синтез САУ электропривода по принципу подчиненного регулирования базируются на тех подходах, которые широко используются в регулируемых электроприводах постоянного тока, обладающих наилучшими динамическими свойствами. The article discusses the main trends in the development of marine automated electric drive systems with AC machines. In particular, variants of the implementation of an electric drive using frequency-controlled asynchronous motors and synchronous motors with electromagnetic excitation are presented. A promising electromechanical system based on a valve engine for the icebreaker's ERM with the propulsion-steering system Azipod is proposed. The aim of the work is to eliminate the structural complexity and to increase the functionality of the electric drive by using a scalar ACS of the valve motor rotational speed instead of a vector one for the ERM. The novelty lies in the use of the approach and representation of the valve motor as an object of regulation based on the analogy with the collector DC motor when regulating the position of its current collection axis. Thereby, the analysis of information processes related to the processes of electromechanical energy conversion occurring in a synchronous machine with position-dependent frequency control, and the synthesis of an ACS electric drive based on the principle of subordinate regulation are based on those approaches that are widely used in regulated DC electric drives possessing the best dynamic properties.

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Xu, Yicheng, Wubin Ma, Chaofan Dai, Yahui Wu, and Haohao Zhou. "Generalized Federated Learning via Gradient Norm-Aware Minimization and Control Variables." Mathematics 12, no. 17 (August 26, 2024): 2644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12172644.

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Federated Learning (FL) is a promising distributed machine learning framework that emphasizes privacy protection. However, inconsistencies between local optimization objectives and the global objective, commonly referred to as client drift, primarily arise due to non-independently and identically distributed (Non-IID) data, multiple local training steps, and partial client participation in training. The majority of current research tackling this challenge is mainly based on the empirical risk minimization (ERM) principle, while giving little consideration to the connection between the global loss landscape and generalization capability. This study proposes FedGAM, an innovative FL algorithm that incorporates Gradient Norm-Aware Minimization (GAM) to efficiently search for a local flat landscape. FedGAM specifically modifies the client model training objective to simultaneously minimize the loss value and first-order flatness, thereby seeking flat minima. To directly smooth the global flatness, we propose the more significant FedGAM-CV, which employs control variables to correct local updates, guiding each client to train models in a globally flat direction. Experiments on three datasets (CIFAR-10, MNIST, and FashionMNIST) demonstrate that our proposed algorithms outperform existing FL baselines, effectively finding flat minima and addressing the client drift problem.

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Zhao, Ruming, Hang Dong, Jianping Zhou, Ruixiang Li, Changke Chen, and Pengfei You. "State of the Art in Power Supply of Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining and their Variants." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2433, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2433/1/012011.

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Abstract Power supply is the indispensable component for stable non-traditional machining based on electric power, such as electrical discharge machining (EDM), electrochemical machining (ECM), EDM-ECM combined machining, and EDM-ECM hybrid machining. The properties of power supply have significant effects on the machining performance, including efficiency, accuracy, and surface quality. This paper reviews the research progress and technical application in power supply of EDM, ECM, EDM-ECM combined machining, and EDM-ECM hybrid machining. The circuit principle, performance index, process effect of power supply are systematically analyzed. Moreover, the applications are summarized, and the future development are prospected.

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Pečiuliauskienė, Palmira. "Application of Statistical Methods in Education Sciences: the Didactical Principles in the Educational Means Prepared by Bronislovas Bitinas." Pedagogika 124, no. 4 (December 2, 2016): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2016.50.

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Based on works of professor B. Bitinas this article analyses educational materials on applying statistical methods in education sciences. The educational materials on applying statistical methods in education sciences can be classified into two groups: methodological group (the application of mathematical statistics in quantitative research) and technological group (computer software for processing quantitative research data). The article analyses application of didactical principles in the methodological group and the technological group. Didactical principles provide direction for learning process and govern contents, methods and organisation of learning. Different didactical principles can be used when preparing educational materials on the applying statistical methods in education as principle of the availability and principle of relation between the theory and practise. Application of statistical methods in education sciences is influenced by technological tools used for processing statistical data. These tools changed from electronic calculating machines (ECM) to modern computers with modern statistical programs. Technological change influences didactical principles applied for preparing educational materials on applying statistical methods in education sciences. The comparative analysis of learning materials on applying statistical methods in education sciences prepared by Professor B. Bitinas shows that the principle of availability was an important principle at the time of the processing statistical data using the ECM. This principle is less important when statistical data is processed using modern statistical computer programs. Didactical principle of the relation between theory and practice was important in the early (the eighth-ninth decade of XX century) and later stages (the twentyfirst century.) Professor B. Bitinas prepared both methodological (the usage of mathematical statistics into quantitative research) and technological (computer software for quantitative research data processing) learning means. The didactical principles in the methodological and technological learning means are different. The principle of the availability and the principle of relation between the theory and practise dominate in the methodological learning means. The principle of systematization and continuity is important in technological learning means.

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Etges, Ana Paula Beck da Silva, Veronique Grenon, Elaine Aparecida Felix, Joana Siqueira de Souza, Francisco José Kliemann Neto, and Carisi Anne Polanczyk. "Proposition of a Shared and Value-Oriented Work Structure for Hospital-Based Health Technology Assessment and Enterprise Risk Management Processes." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 35, no. 03 (2019): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462319000242.

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AbstractBackgroundHealthcare organizations have invested efforts on hospital-based health technology assessment (HB-HTA) and enterprise risk management (ERM) processes for novel systems to obtain more accurate data on which to base strategic decisions. This study proposes to analyze how HB-HTA and ERM processes can share personal resources and skills to achieve principles with value-oriented results.MethodsLiterature on ERM and HB-HTA and data from interviews with healthcare managers compose the research data sources, which were submitted to a qualitative data analysis. It was oriented to identify the association between ERM and HB-HTA application in hospitals and the common principles between both processes, in addition to proposing the capability to share personal resources between both teams in a matrix.ResultsThe common principles and personal background suggested for HB-HTA and ERM teams allowed the build of a matrix identifying how both teams can work in an integrated manner being more effective and value-oriented. The shared resource matrix reports how each professional (with a specific background) may interact with each activity associated to HB-HTA or ERM implementation guidelines.ConclusionsThe identification of common principles and capabilities between ERM and HB-HTA suggested advances with the literature from both research areas. The opportunity to share personal resources also contributes to the implementation of those processes in hospitals with less financial resources, approaching its own management to be more efficient with the care chain.

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Lu, Jiajun, Shunda Zhan, Bowen Liu, and Yonghua Zhao. "Plasma-enabled electrochemical jet micromachining of chemically inert and passivating material." International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 4, no. 4 (August 9, 2022): 045101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ac84b3.

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Abstract Electrochemical jet machining (EJM) encounters significant challenges in the microstructuring of chemically inert and passivating materials because an oxide layer is easily formed on the material surface, preventing the progress of electrochemical dissolution. This research demonstrates for the first time a jet-electrolytic plasma micromachining (Jet-EPM) method to overcome this problem. Specifically, an electrolytic plasma is intentionally induced at the jet-material contact area by applying a potential high enough to surmount the surface boundary layer (such as a passive film or gas bubble) and enable material removal. Compared to traditional EJM, introducing plasma in the electrochemical jet system leads to considerable differences in machining performance due to the inclusion of plasma reactions. In this work, the implementation of Jet-EPM for fabricating microstructures in the semiconductor material 4H-SiC is demonstrated, and the machining principle and characteristics of Jet-EPM, including critical parameters and process windows, are comprehensively investigated. Theoretical modeling and experiments have elucidated the mechanisms of plasma ignition/evolution and the corresponding material removal, showing the strong potential of Jet-EPM for micromachining chemically resistant materials. The present study considerably augments the range of materials available for processing by the electrochemical jet technique.

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Maffei, Marco, and Rosanna Spanó. "Is the neighbour’s grass (really) greener?" Controlling 35, S (2023): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2023-s-15.

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Despite increasing globalization and an uncertain environment, operationalization of a global ERM with common principles remains limited. Using a cluster analysis, the state of ERM implementation in 13 European countries is presented in this article to show commonalities as well as cultural differences. ERM development needs to be framed within a cultural and contextual framework, with organizations taking individual characteristics into account in order to use ERM as a strategic business partner.

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R, Krishnanunni, and Vishnu Achutha Menon. "Rethinking Gandhian Principles in Post Colonial Era." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-3 (April 30, 2019): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd21750.

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Lungisa, Sithenkosi, Ogochukwu Iruoma Nzewi, and Nqobile Sikhosana. "Adapting enterprise risk management principles to local government in a developing country." Journal of Governance and Regulation 12, no. 4 (2023): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv12i4art4.

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This article seeks to analyze the role enterprise risk management (ERM) theory plays in consequence management (CM) in the South African local government context. We advance the argument that CM, which is regarded as the synchronization of initiatives undertaken to respond and lessen the impacts of a security-related occurrence, has not been fully exploited in the local government set-up. The South African local government has been haunted by service rendering challenges due to a lack of leadership ethics among other maladministration practices (Kroukamp & Cloete, 2018). As such, they have faced some challenges in the adoption of effective, efficient, and economic actions that ensure potential risks and attacks are identified before inflicting damage to the welfare of the citizens. The study adopts a qualitative literature analysis to generate its findings. Findings reveal that the core principles of ERM, like assessment of risks and culture, threat strategic planning and objective setting, risk in implementation, risk information, interaction, reporting, and monitoring ERM performance, have the potential to enhance CM in the context of local government. ERM framework can help municipalities to understand their organizational culture and climate, and the successful implementation and management of organizational change since it provides organizations with effective governance measures such as oversight, structure, and culture that are needed to establish the goals of the organization, the means to pursue them and the ability to understand any associated risks.

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Yasuda, Osamu. "Principle and Application of Wire EDM." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 65, no. 2 (1996): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.65.2_131.

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Alam, Md Rasel Ul, Asif Shohel, and Mahmudul Alam. "INTEGRATING ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT (ERM): STRATEGIES, CHALLENGES, AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS." GLOBAL MAINSTREAM JOURNAL 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2024): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.62304/ijbm.v1i2.130.

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Implementing Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is pivotal for organizations striving to navigate and excel within increasingly complex and volatile business environments. This paper explores the core principles of ERM and underscores its crucial role in achieving organizational objectives by enhancing decision-making, risk awareness, and resilience. It highlights the benefits and challenges of ERM implementation, with a strong emphasis on the empowering role of leadership in this process. It also emphasizes the necessity for strategic resource allocation, and effective integration into organizational processes. Additionally, the paper examines key factors that contribute to the success of an ERM program, such as adaptability and continuous improvement. Through real-world case studies, the paper illustrates how successful ERM implementation can significantly benefit organizations, demonstrating quantifiable improvements in operational performance and strategic outcomes. These discussions aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the importance of ERM in modern business practices, advocating for its widespread adoption and continuous evolution to meet emerging business challenges.

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Tacconi, Luca, and David Aled Williams. "Corruption and Anti-Corruption in Environmental and Resource Management." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 45, no. 1 (October 17, 2020): 305–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-012320-083949.

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Corruption significantly affects the large majority of countries, and it has negative social and economic impacts. Its impacts on environmental and resource management (ERM) sectors are less well understood. We review corruption in the extractive industries, irrigation, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and conservation activities with a focus on the management of protected areas and the wildlife trade. There is significant evidence that corruption in ERM sectors is systemic. Corruption in these sectors has significant negative environmental and economic impacts, which can be expected to result in negative social impacts. Many of the anti-corruption policies proposed for the ERM sectors draw on the principal-agent theory. The political science literature on corruption found that theory to have limited application when corruption is systemic and the principal is corrupt. The analysis of corruption and anti-corruption in countries with systemic corruption should draw to a greater extent on collective action theory to identify more effective policies. We highlight some anti-corruption policies relevant to ERM sectors.

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Tanaka, Hidehiko. "Principle and Application of Die Sinking EDM." Journal of the Japan Welding Society 65, no. 2 (1996): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.65.2_128.

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Klages, Claus-Peter. "Metastable diamond synthesis - Principles and applications." European Journal of Mineralogy 7, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/7/4/0767.

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Wiebe, S. "The Principles of Evidence-Based Medicine." Cephalalgia 20, no. 2_suppl (October 2000): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2000.0200s2010.x.

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Evidence-based medicine (EBM) integrates individual clinical expertise with the best available external evidence in the care of individual patients. By enabling clinicians to directly appraise and apply current clinical research, EBM deals with the problems of deterioration in clinical performance, information overload, and lag in application of research findings to clinical practice. Thus, EBM is a useful tool to address the problems faced by clinicians attempting to provide optimum, current care for their patients. The rationale for EBM, its principles and application, as well as some limitations, are described here.

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Fu, Xiu Zhuo, Qin He Zhang, Guang Hua Bao, and Yu Jie Zhu. "Experimental Analysis on Technology of Piezoelectric Self-Adaptive Micro-EDM." Advanced Materials Research 143-144 (October 2010): 1434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.143-144.1434.

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Micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) has some shortcomings such as poor material removal rate (MRR) and high electrode wear ratio (EWR) etc, in order to overcome these demerits, a new piezoelectric self-adaptive micro-EDM, based on inverse piezoelectric effect, was developed in this paper. The structure and working principle of this new technology are different from traditional micro-EDM. Piezoelectric actuator used as the micro driven mechanism and it is simple. This new technology can realize self-elimination in the working process because of its special structure. Working principles and process of the new system were analyzed in this paper. The effect of parameters such as voltage, capacitance, and resistance on MRR, EWR and surface roughness was analyzed. Statistical analyses of the results show that voltage, capacitance significantly influence MRR, EWR and surface roughness. Resistance R1 and R2 has much influence on MRR and relative small effect on EWR and surface roughness.

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Nespolo, Massimo, and Marco Pasero. "Minerals and materials: building principles and applications." European Journal of Mineralogy 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2776.

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Olivieri, Annamaria. "Special Issue “Actuarial Mathematics and Risk Management”." Risks 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2023): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks11070134.

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Among the most important implementations of the principles of enterprise risk management (ERM), the risk management process (RMP) involves various quantitative phases, usually encompassed under the label of quantitative risk management (QRM) [...]

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Ceccato, Silvio. "In the beginning it was the rhythm. First draft, ideas." Rivista Italiana Costruttivismo 2, no. 2 (November 2014): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.69995/gnqe2594.

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Druzhaev, Alexey, Dmitry Isaev, and Eugene Ogurechnikov. "Principles of managing development of EPM systems." Business Informatics 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1998-0663.2019.2.73.83.

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Chen, Liang, Xianbiao Mao, Yanlong Chen, Ming Li, Yang Hao, and Ding Liu. "A New Unified Solution for Circular Tunnel Based on a Four-Stage Constitutive Model considering the Intermediate Principal Stress." Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7912062.

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Based on the triaxial test, the elasto-perfectly plastic strain-softening damage model (EPSDM) is proposed as a new four-stage constitutive model. Compared with traditional models, such as the elasto-brittle-plastic model (EBM), elasto-strain-softening model (ESM), elasto-perfectly plastic model (EPM), and elasto-peak plastic-brittle plastic model (EPBM), this model incorporates both the plastic bearing capacity and strain-softening characteristics of rock mass. Moreover, a new closed-form solution of the circular tunnel is presented for the stress and displacement distribution, and a plastic shear strain increment is introduced to define the critical condition where the strain-softening zone begins to occur. The new analysis solution obtained in this paper is a series of results rather than one specific solution; hence, it is suitable for a wide range of rock masses and engineering structures. The numerical simulation has been used to verify the correctness of the EPSDM. The parametric studies are also conducted to investigate the effects of supporting resistance, residual cohesion, dilation angle, strain-softening coefficient, plastic shear strain increment, and yield parameter on the result. It is shown that when the supporting resistance is fully released, both the post-peak failure radii and surface displacement could be summarized as EBM > EPBM > ESM > EPSDM > EPM; the dilation angle in the damage zone had the highest influence on the surface displacement, whereas the dilation angle in the perfectly plastic zone had the lowest influence; the strain-softening coefficient had the most significant effect on the damage zone radii; the EPSDM is recommended as the optimum model for support design and stability evaluation of the circular tunnel excavated in the perfectly plastic strain-softening rock mass.

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Liu, Shanqi, Yongbing Li, Huiquan Tian, Junli Yang, Jianming Liu, and Yaolin Shi. "First-principles study of sulfur isotope fractionation in sulfides." European Journal of Mineralogy 26, no. 6 (December 19, 2014): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2014/0026-2407.

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Veldhuis, Michiel P., Matty P. Berg, Michel Loreau, and Han Olff. "Ecological autocatalysis: a central principle in ecosystem organization?" Ecological Monographs 88, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 304–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1292.

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Larson, Ben T., Teresa Ruiz-Herrero, Stacey Lee, Sanjay Kumar, L. Mahadevan, and Nicole King. "Biophysical principles of choanoflagellate self-organization." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 1303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1909447117.

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Inspired by the patterns of multicellularity in choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, we quantify the biophysical processes underlying the morphogenesis of rosette colonies in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. We find that rosettes reproducibly transition from an early stage of 2-dimensional (2D) growth to a later stage of 3D growth, despite the underlying variability of the cell lineages. Our perturbative experiments demonstrate the fundamental importance of a basally secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) for rosette morphogenesis and show that the interaction of the ECM with cells in the colony physically constrains the packing of proliferating cells and, thus, controls colony shape. Simulations of a biophysically inspired model that accounts for the size and shape of the individual cells, the fraction of ECM, and its stiffness relative to that of the cells suffices to explain our observations and yields a morphospace consistent with observations across a range of multicellular choanoflagellate colonies. Overall, our biophysical perspective on rosette development complements previous genetic perspectives and, thus, helps illuminate the interplay between cell biology and physics in regulating morphogenesis.

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Thomas, Andrew D. "Extended Modal Realism — a New Solution to the Problem of Intentional Inexistence." Philosophia 48, no. 3 (November 8, 2019): 1197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-019-00126-z.

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Abstract Kriegel described the problem of intentional inexistence as one of the ‘perennial problems of philosophy’ (Kriegel Philosophical Perspectives 21(1), 307–340, 2007: 307). In the same paper, Kriegel alluded to a modal realist solution to the problem of intentional inexistence. However, Kriegel does not state by name who defends the kind of modal realist solution he has in mind. Kriegel also points out that even what he believes to be the strongest version of modal realism does not pass the ‘principle of representation’ and thus modal realism is not an adequate solution to the problem of intentional inexistence. In this paper, I respond to Kriegel by defending a modal realist solution that he did not consider in 2007, called ‘extended modal realism’ (EMR). EMR is a version of modal realism where possible worlds are not completely isolated as they are under the Lewisian model. Rather, under EMR worlds are, in a way, spatiotemporally related. The fact EMR worlds are related allows EMR to sufficiently pass the principle of representation and thus can be deemed a legitimate solution to the problem of intentional inexistence. I conclude that either EMR can pass the principle of representation in some cases or, and I think the more sensible option, we give up on the principle of representation altogether.

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Awedew, Atalel Fentahun, and Eyob Girma Abera. "Effectiveness of clinical integrated short course training of evidence based medicine for postgraduate medical specialty students in Ethiopia in 2022: A randomized control trial." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e0277886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277886.

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Background Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a newly emerged philosophy of medical education and health care service which brings quality of health service, efficient use of materials, and patient satisfaction. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of clinical integrated short course training of EBM for post-graduation medical specialty students in Ethiopia, 2022. Method Randomized, single blind, superiority trial, and multi-centric experimental study design employed. The eligible candidates randomly assigned to the interventional group and the control group (waitlisted). The allocation of the participant concealed from the principal investigator and participant. Sample size was determined with a two-sided test and α level of 5% and 80% power with the total of 52 calculated sample size and 44 (21 for intervention and 23 for control group) students were used for final analysis. Mann Whitney U test and Independent Sample T test used to test mean difference between intervention and control group after checking normality distributions to estimates the amount by which the training changes the outcome on average compared with the control. The result of the final model expressed in terms of adjusted mean difference and 95% CI; statistical significance declared if the P-value is less than 0.05. Results Among 44 postgraduate students, only 29.5% practices EBM during delivering of clinical services. Overall EBM knowledge was changed with adjusted mean difference (Mean±SD 17.55 (13.9, 21.3), p<000). This training provided significant change in all main domain of EBM, more in validity evaluation of the study (Mean±SD, 3.8(1.3, 6.2), p<0.0018) and impact of study design (Mean±SD, 3.8(2.6, 5.1), p<0.000). There was also significant change of overall attitude with adjusted mean difference (Mean±SD, -8.2(-9.6,-6.7), p = 000). Conclusion Clinical integrated EBM training brought significant change of knowledge and skills of principles and foundations of EBM. Adopting principles of EBM into curricula of postgraduate specialty students would assure the quality of medical care and educations.

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Hui, G. "PDQ evidence-based principles and practice." Evidence-Based Medicine 5, no. 6 (November 1, 2000): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebm.5.6.167.

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Quadri, S. P. B. "Basic Principles for Management in General." IEEE Engineering Management Review 15, no. 1 (March 1987): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emr.1987.4306261.

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Mao, Li, Lidong Zhang, Xingyang Liu, Chaofeng Li, and Hong Yang. "Improved Extreme Learning Machine and Its Application in Image Quality Assessment." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/426152.

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Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a new class of single-hidden layer feedforward neural network (SLFN), which is simple in theory and fast in implementation. Zong et al. propose a weighted extreme learning machine for learning data with imbalanced class distribution, which maintains the advantages from original ELM. However, the current reported ELM and its improved version are only based on the empirical risk minimization principle, which may suffer from overfitting. To solve the overfitting troubles, in this paper, we incorporate the structural risk minimization principle into the (weighted) ELM, and propose a modified (weighted) extreme learning machine (M-ELM and M-WELM). Experimental results show that our proposed M-WELM outperforms the current reported extreme learning machine algorithm in image quality assessment.

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Kobori, Takuro, Mayuka Tameishi, Chihiro Tanaka, Yoko Urashima, and Tokio Obata. "Subcellular distribution of ezrin/radixin/moesin and their roles in the cell surface localization and transport function of P-glycoprotein in human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cells." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): e0250889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250889.

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The ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) family proteins act as linkers between the actin cytoskeleton and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and regulate the plasma membrane localization and functionality of the latter in various cancer cells. Notably, P-gp overexpression in the plasma membrane of cancer cells is a principal factor responsible for multidrug resistance and drug-induced mutagenesis. However, it remains unknown whether the ERM proteins contribute to the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp in human colorectal cancer cells in which the subcellular localization of ERM has yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine the gene expression patterns and subcellular localization of ERM and P-gp and investigate the role of ERM proteins in the plasma membrane localization and transport function of P-gp using the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS180. Using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses, we showed higher levels of ezrin and moesin mRNAs than those of radixin mRNA in these cells and preferential distribution of all three ERM proteins on the plasma membrane. The ERM proteins were highly colocalized with P-gp. Additionally, we show that the knockdown of ezrin, but not of radixin and moesin, by RNA interference significantly decreased the cell surface expression of P-gp in LS180 cells without affecting the mRNA expression of P-gp. Furthermore, gene silencing of ezrin substantially increased the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine123, a typical P-gp substrate, with no alterations in the plasma membrane permeability of Evans blue, a passive transport marker. In conclusion, ezrin may primarily regulate the cell surface localization and transport function of P-gp as a scaffold protein without influencing the transcriptional activity of P-gp in LS180 cells. These findings should be relevant for treating colorectal cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males and females combined.

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Kim, Junseok, Soobin Kwak, Hyun Geun Lee, Youngjin Hwang, and Seokjun Ham. "A maximum principle of the Fourier spectral method for diffusion equations." Electronic Research Archive 31, no. 9 (2023): 5396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2023273.

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<abstract><p>In this study, we investigate a maximum principle of the Fourier spectral method (FSM) for diffusion equations. It is well known that the FSM is fast, efficient and accurate. The maximum principle holds for diffusion equations: A solution satisfying the diffusion equation has the maximum value under the initial condition or on the boundary points. The same result can hold for the discrete numerical solution by using the FSM when the initial condition is smooth. However, if the initial condition is not smooth, then we may have an oscillatory profile of a continuous representation of the initial condition in the FSM, which can cause a violation of the discrete maximum principle. We demonstrate counterexamples where the numerical solution of the diffusion equation does not satisfy the discrete maximum principle, by presenting computational experiments. Through numerical experiments, we propose the maximum principle for the solution of the diffusion equation by using the FSM.</p></abstract>

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Karelin, Aleksandr O., and Gennady B. Yeremin. "Problems and prospects of using evidence-based medicine in hygiene (systematic review)." Hygiene and sanitation 100, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-8-750-754.

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In the modern world, the principles and methods of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)) are the recognised basis for the development of Medicine despite the existing barriers to its implementation. EBM was formed and developed within the framework of its medical direction. In preventive medicine, the adoption of the term EBM was not accompanied by the development of appropriate definitions, standards, methods, and regulatory documents. This article discusses the problems and prospects for the development of EBM in hygienic science and practice. The authors conducted an independent screening of the frequency of publications on Preventive Medicine using the terms and provisions of EBM over the past ten years in the RSCI and MEDLINE (PubMed). The number of publications in English - language sources was found to exceed domestic ones by 45.5-139 times on all issues of EBM. In the RSCI, publications related to EBM in the preventive direction of Medicine accounted for 28 % of the total publications on EBM, in MEDLINE- 45 percentage. The data obtained indicate a more occasional use of the principles of EBM in domestic Medicine, especially in relation to preventive Medicine. Taking into account the experience of EBM in clinical Medicine, the article defines EBM, presents the stages of the EBM methodology, a variant of the hierarchy of evidence, and ideal characteristics of surrogate outcomes for preventive Medicine. For most hygiene problems, systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be the most evidence-based. The use of EBM was indicated to be impossible without understanding the fundamental principles and the correct application of biostatistics. Approaches to the classification, evaluation, development, and examination of clinical practice guidelines based on the principles of EBM, abroad and in Russia, and the possibility of their use for regulatory and methodological documents to ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being are considered.

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Lin, Guo Min, and Li Xia Peng. "Electrical Discharge Machining Technology and its Latest Application." Advanced Materials Research 487 (March 2012): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.487.515.

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Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), as an emerging non-traditional machining technology, solves the machining problems which cannot be resolved by traditional machining methods. The working principle of EDM technology, as well as its machining features and modes are expounded, The applicable objects of EDM are analyzed, The latest application of EDM technology is analyzed. The developmental trends of EDM is forecasted finally.

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Cheban, David, and Zhenxin Liu. "Averaging principle on infinite intervals for stochastic ordinary differential equations." Electronic Research Archive 29, no. 4 (2021): 2791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2021014.

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Stahl, Gunter K., Ingmar Bjorkman, Elaine Farndale, Shad S. Morris, Jaap Paawe, Phikip Stiles, Jonathan Trevor, and Patrick Wright. "Six principles of effective global talent management." IEEE Engineering Management Review 44, no. 3 (September 2016): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emr.2016.7559058.

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Mukkamala, Raghava Rao, Ravi Vatrapu, Pradeep Kumar Ray, Gora Sengupta, and Sankar Halder. "Blockchain for Social Business: Principles and Applications." IEEE Engineering Management Review 46, no. 4 (December 2018): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/emr.2018.2881149.

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Kang, Xin Long, Dong Man Yu, Hui Guo, and Chang Pei Shang. "Relationship between Electrical Parameters in Combined EDM and Surface Quality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 436–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.436.

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This paper presents a deep analysis for the effects of the principles and Electrical Parameters of ultrasonic vibration aided EDM in gas on the roughness of finish machined surface by briefly describing the principles and process characteristics of EDM and combined ultrasonic discharge machining technology, and qualitatively obtains the law of the effects of electrical parameters on the quality of machined surface from the analysis of experimental results. The comparison among the three EDM methods shows the superiority and development prospect of ultrasonic vibration aided EDM in gas.

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Chanel, Estelle, Zachary Hodge, Dieter Ries, Ivo Schulthess, Marc Solar, Torsten Soldner, Oliver Stalder, Jacob Thorne, and Florian M. Piegsa. "The pulsed neutron beam EDM experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 219 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921902004.

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We report on the Beam EDM experiment, which aims to employ a pulsed cold neutron beam to search for an electric dipole moment instead of the established use of storable ultracold neutrons. We present a brief overview of the basic measurement concept and the current status of our proof-of-principle Ramsey apparatus.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ERM principle'

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