Academic literature on the topic 'Eric Lambert'

ABSTRACT John N. Brady, Chief of the Virus Tumor Biology Section of the Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Institutes of Health, died of cancer on 27 April 2009. John was a stellar member of the virology community. He was a longtime Journal of Virology reviewer and a member of the editorial board. He will be missed. Fatah Kashanchi of the George Washington University Medical Center has written John's memorial. Fatah worked with John at the NIH and published more than 30 papers with him. Fatah thanks all the people who contributed to John's obituary, including Kuan-Teh Jeang, Lou Laimins, Mary Loeken, Renaud Mehieux, Paul Lambert, Graziella Piras, Scott Gitlin, Paul Lindholm, Nadia Rosenthal, Sergi Nekhai, Brian Wigdahl, David Price, Susan J. Marriott, Cynthia Masison, Jurgen Dittmer, Eric Verdin, Bassel E. Sawaya, and John's longtime assistants Janet Duvall Grimm and Michael Radonovich, who gave immense support to all the individuals who went through John's lab.

Background:Systemic autoimmune diseases are mostly taught through theoretical lectures, which do not allow for the acquisition of physical examination skills and semiologic confrontation.Objectives:We report herein the results of a pilot experiment using role-play to teach how to manage patients with Raynaud phenomenon (RP).Methods:We developed a workshop that consisted of two 30-minute OSCE (Objective and Structured Clinical Examination) stations. Students were divided into groups of 4 to 5 persons. On each station, 2 students were actors and 2 were observers. After a short briefing, students played a 15-minute scenario and then had a 15-minute debriefing.The first station simulated the case of a 26-year old woman referred for suspected RP. Students were instructed to perform clinical history taking and physical examination of the patient, formulated relevant diagnosis hypotheses and prescribe any additional necessary exams. Students had to suspect the diagnosis of idiopathic RP. The simulated patient was played by a trained facilitator with expertise on RP.The second station simulated the case of a 56-year-old woman referred for RP complicated by digital ulcers. Students received the same instructions as before. They had to suspect the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. The patient role was held by a real patient with systemic sclerosis, followed by the physician who was supervising the station, who had received prior training and who agreed to participate in this training.At the end of the workshop, the students had to complete a satisfaction questionnaire.Results:A total of 21 students participated in the workshop and 17 completed the survey. The students were “very satisfied” (Likert 4/4) of this training in 94%. They considered this workshop “not very stressful” (Likert 2/4) and “very formative” (Likert 4/4) in 71%, but “a little short” (Likert 2/4) in 88%. After taking this training, all students felt “a little” (Likert 3/4, 24%) or “much more comfortable” (Likert 4/4, 76%) to manage patients with idiopathic RP; and “a little” (Likert 3/4, 65%) or “much more comfortable” (Likert 4/4, 35%) to manage patients with systemic sclerosis. All would recommend this workshop to other students.When asked about the strengths of this training, the students mentioned the benefits of being put in an immersive situation, which allowed for a better acquisition of practical skills (especially physical examination) and a more interactive exchange with teachers; as well as the confrontation with a real patient, which allowed for a better retention of semiologic findings and associated a relational component to this experience. The main weak points reported were its short duration and the stress induced by being observed during the simulation.Conclusion:This workshop suggests the interest and feasibility on a small group of students of a rare diseases awareness workshop using role-play. The evaluation of its pedagogical efficiency and its generalization on large student promotions are being considered.Acknowledgments:NoneDisclosure of Interests:Sebastien SANGES: None declared, Sandrine Morell-Dubois: None declared, Meryem-Maud Farhat: None declared, Morgane Assaraf: None declared, Marc Lambert: None declared, Vincent Sobanski: None declared, David Launay Grant/research support from: Dr. Launay reports personal fees from Actelion, grants and personal fees from Takeda, grants and personal fees from CSL Behring, outside the submitted work., Eric Hachlla: None declared

BackgroundLupus nephritis (LN) is a frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Severe (proliferative) forms of LN are treated with an induction immunosuppressive therapy (IST), followed by a maintenance IST, to target remission and avoid relapses. The optimal duration of maintenance IST for proliferative LN is unknown.ObjectivesThe WIN-Lupus trial tested whether IST discontinuation after 2-3 years in proliferative LN was non-inferior to IST continuation for 2 more years.MethodsWIN-Lupus is an investigator-initiated academic randomized controlled trial, conducted in 28 French centers. Patients on maintenance IST with azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil for a minimum of 2 years and a maximum of 3 years, and who were taking Hydroxychloroquine, were randomized (1:1) between 2 groups: IST continuation and IST discontinuation. The primary endpoint was the relapse rate of proliferative LN at 24 months. Secondary endpoints were the rate of severe SLE flares, survival without renal relapse or severe flare, adverse events, kidney function, disease activity, corticosteroid exposure, patient-reported outcome and medico-economic impact.ResultsBetween 2011 and 2016, 125 patients were screened and 96 were randomized in the trial: 48 in the IST continuation group, 48 in the IST discontinuation group. In the per-protocol population, a relapse of proliferative LN occurred in 5/40 (10.4%) patients with IST continuation, and in 12/44 (25%) patients with IST discontinuation (difference 14.8%, 95%CI [-1.9; 31.5]). Non-inferiority was not demonstrated for relapse rate. Time to renal relapse did not differ between groups (p=0.092). Severe SLE flares (renal or extra-renal) were less frequent in patients with IST continuation compared to IST discontinuation (5/40 vs 14/44 patients, p=0.035). IST discontinuation was associated with lower health-related costs. Adverse events did not differ between groups.ConclusionNon-inferiority of maintenance IST discontinuation after 2 to 3 years was not demonstrated for renal relapse. IST discontinuation was associated with a higher risk of severe SLE flare.References[1]Moroni G et al. When and how is it possible to stop therapy in patients with lupus nephritis? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021. CJN.04830421. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04830421.[2]Fanouriakis A et al. 2019 Update of the Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(6):713-723.[3]Jourde-Chiche N et al. Proliferative lupus nephritis treatment: practice survey in nephrology and internal medicine in France. Nephrol Ther. 2014;10(3):170-6.[4]Zen M et al. Immunosuppressive therapy withdrawal after remission achievement in patients with lupus nephritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;keab373. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab373.[5]Malvar A et al. Kidney biopsy-based management of maintenance immunosuppression is safe and may ameliorate flare rate in lupus nephritis. Kidney Int. 2020;97(1):156-162.AcknowledgementsGroupe Coopératif sur le Lupus Rénal (GCLR)Disclosure of InterestsNoemie JOURDE-CHICHE Speakers bureau: Vifor Pharma, Grant/research support from: Fresenius Medical Care: grant paid to my institution (AP-HM) for the CINEVAS study in ANCA-associated vasculitis, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau Grant/research support from: AP-HP received a research support from ROCHE for the OBILUP trial, Karine Baumstarck: None declared, LAURENCE BOUILLET Speakers bureau: GSK, novartis, biocryst, takeda, behring, Paid instructor for: takeda, novartis, Consultant of: GSK, novartis, biocryst, takeda, behring, blueprint, Grant/research support from: takeda, gsk, sanofi, biocryst, novartis, Stéphane Burtey: None declared, Valerie Caudwell: None declared, Laurent Chiche Speakers bureau: BMS, Paid instructor for: BMS, Lionel Couzi Speakers bureau: Astellas, Chiesi, Novartis, Sandoz, Ostuka, GSK, Biotest, Consultant of: Biotest, Hansa, Novartis, Grant/research support from: Novartis, Astellas, Christophe DELIGNY: None declared, Bertrand Dussol Speakers bureau: Genzyme, Novonordisk, Grant/research support from: Shire, Stanislas Faguer Speakers bureau: Asahi, Vifor Pharma, Sanofi, Consultant of: Abyonyx Pharma, Pierre Gobert: None declared, Guillaume Gondran Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, Consultant of: Genzyme, Antoine Huart Speakers bureau: Janssen, Paid instructor for: Pfizer, Aurélie Hummel: None declared, Emilie Kalbacher: None declared, Alexandre Karras Speakers bureau: Vifor, GSK, Astra-Zeneca, Roche, Paid instructor for: Vifor, Sanofi, Alexion, Consultant of: Novartis, GSK, Bohringer-Ingelheim, Marc Lambert Speakers bureau: CHUGAI-ROCHE, BAYER, PFIZER, LEOPHARMA, Paid instructor for: CHUGAI-ROCHE, Consultant of: CHUGAI-ROCHE, BAYER, PFIZER, LEOPHARMA, Grant/research support from: CHUGAI-ROCHE, Véronique LE GUERN: None declared, Sandrine Loubiere: None declared, Helene Maillard: None declared, Francois Maurier: None declared, Micheline Pha: None declared, Viviane Queyrel Paid instructor for: GSK, Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Francoise Sarrot-Reynauld: None declared, David Verhelst: None declared, Eric Hachulla Speakers bureau: Johnson & Johnson, GSK, Roche-Chugai, Consultant of: Johnson & Johnson, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, GSK, Roche-Chugai, Sanofi-Genzyme, Grant/research support from: CSL Behring, GSK, Roche-Chugai and Johnson & Johnson, Zahir Amoura Speakers bureau: GSK, CSL Behring, Consultant of: GSK, Grant/research support from: GSK, Eric Daugas Speakers bureau: GSK, Amgen, Paid instructor for: GSK, Astra Zeneca, Consultant of: GSK, Astra Zeneca, Amgen, Grant/research support from: ROCHE for the OBILUP trial (AP-HP)

This thesis tells the story of an historical tradition of radical literacy and literature that is defined as the British radical literary tradition. It takes the meaning of literature at its broadest understanding and identifies the literary and educational relations of what E.P. Thompson terms 'the making of the English working class' through its struggle for literacy and freedom. The study traces the developing dialectic of literary radicalism and the emergent hegemony of capitalism through the dissemination of radical ideas in literature and a groundswell of public literacy. The proposed radical tradition is defined by the oppositional stance of its participants, from the radical intellectual's critical texts to the striving for literacy and access to literature by working class people. This oppositional discourse emerged in the fourteenth century concomitant with nascent capitalism and has its literary origins in utopian vision. This nascent utopian imagination conceived a democratic socialism that underpinned the character of much of the following oppositional discourse. The thesis establishes the nexus of the oppositional discourse as a radical literary tradition and the earliest instances of adult education in autodidacticism and informal adult education. The ascent of middle class power through the industrial revolution is shadowed by the corresponding descent of the working class into poverty. Concomitant with this social polarisation is the phenomena of working class literary agency as the means to political and economic agency. While Protestant dissenting groups such as the Diggers and Levellers were revolutionary activists, it was Methodism that formed a bulwark against revolution. Yet it was their emphasis on self-improvement that contributed to an increasingly literate populace. Radical texts produced and disseminated by individuals and organisations and read by autodidactics and informal reading groups are seminal in the formation of a working class identity. Spearheaded by the Chartist movement, education became a central ethic of working class politics and the civil struggle for economic and political justice throughout the nineteenth and well into the twentieth centuries. The avant garde movements of the early twentieth century are analysed as a strand of this tradition. The narrative of the thesis then moves to the penal colony of Australia and explores the radical literary tradition's development there. Early colonial culture is seen as having a strong impetus towards a developing a native literary expression of the new land. Where conservative colonial literature struggled to differentiate itself from formal British literary models, the radical heritage and its utopian vision of a working man's paradise gave definitive expression to the Australian experience. This expression was strongly influenced by Chartist ideals. The British radical literary tradition is thus seen to have had a dominant influence in the development of a native radical literary tradition that strove to identify the national character. Socialist thought developed in Australia in concert with that in the parent culture, and anarchist and libertarian trends found a ready home amongst independent minded colonials. Yet, in preventing the formation of a native aristocracy the small radical population made a compromise with liberalism that saw a decidedly conservative streak develop in the early labour movement. There were little in the way of sophisticated radical literary offerings at first, but from the mid-nineteenth century a vanguard of radicals produced a thriving native press and other fugitive text forms. At the turn of the century the native radical literary tradition was vibrantly diverse, with a definitive style that claimed literary ownership of the Australian character. However, exhausted by the battles over WWI conscription and isolated by censorship, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was able to subsume the vanguard position from the socialists. The Party laid claim to the Australian radical literary tradition, at once both strengthening it with the discipline of a Marxist ideology and diminishing its independence and diversity. Party literary theory centred upon the issue of class, developing a doctrine of socialist realism that communist writers were expected to practice. How well a writer adhered to socialist realist principles became a measure of their class position and loyalty. Drawing more from primary sources, the thesis develops an analysis of the intellectual development of the Australian post-WWII writer Eric Lambert through his experience of class instability during Depression and war. The study examines Lambert's decision to join the Party and his literary response to his experiences of war, the Party, the turmoil of 1956 and life after the Party. Lambert's body of work is then analysed as the unintentional memoir of a writer working as an adult educator in the radical literary tradition. Lambert's struggles, for artistic independence within the narrow precepts of Party dogma and with class tensions, were common amongst intellectuals committed to the communist cause. Like many of his peers, Lambert resigned from the Party at the end of 1956 and suffered a period of ideological vacuum. However, he continued to write as a Marxian educator, seeking to reveal that which makes us human in the humanity of ordinary people. It is concluded that, while the Party did much to foster disciplined cohesion, the mutual distrust it generated amongst its intellectuals suppressed the independent thought that had kept the radical literary tradition alive. Although the Party developed an ideological strength within the radical literary tradition, its dominance over thirty years and subsequent fall from grace acted to fragment and discredit that centuries-old tradition which it subsumed. An argument is made for a reinvestment of the centrality of the radical literary tradition in the education of adults for the maintenance of social justice and the democratic project.

This thesis tells the story of an historical tradition of radical literacy and literature that is defined as the British radical literary tradition. It takes the meaning of literature at its broadest understanding and identifies the literary and educational relations of what E.P. Thompson terms 'the making of the English working class' through its struggle for literacy and freedom. The study traces the developing dialectic of literary radicalism and the emergent hegemony of capitalism through the dissemination of radical ideas in literature and a groundswell of public literacy. The proposed radical tradition is defined by the oppositional stance of its participants, from the radical intellectual's critical texts to the striving for literacy and access to literature by working class people. This oppositional discourse emerged in the fourteenth century concomitant with nascent capitalism and has its literary origins in utopian vision. This nascent utopian imagination conceived a democratic socialism that underpinned the character of much of the following oppositional discourse. The thesis establishes the nexus of the oppositional discourse as a radical literary tradition and the earliest instances of adult education in autodidacticism and informal adult education. The ascent of middle class power through the industrial revolution is shadowed by the corresponding descent of the working class into poverty. Concomitant with this social polarisation is the phenomena of working class literary agency as the means to political and economic agency. While Protestant dissenting groups such as the Diggers and Levellers were revolutionary activists, it was Methodism that formed a bulwark against revolution. Yet it was their emphasis on self-improvement that contributed to an increasingly literate populace. Radical texts produced and disseminated by individuals and organisations and read by autodidactics and informal reading groups are seminal in the formation of a working class identity. Spearheaded by the Chartist movement, education became a central ethic of working class politics and the civil struggle for economic and political justice throughout the nineteenth and well into the twentieth centuries. The avant garde movements of the early twentieth century are analysed as a strand of this tradition. The narrative of the thesis then moves to the penal colony of Australia and explores the radical literary tradition's development there. Early colonial culture is seen as having a strong impetus towards a developing a native literary expression of the new land. Where conservative colonial literature struggled to differentiate itself from formal British literary models, the radical heritage and its utopian vision of a working man's paradise gave definitive expression to the Australian experience. This expression was strongly influenced by Chartist ideals. The British radical literary tradition is thus seen to have had a dominant influence in the development of a native radical literary tradition that strove to identify the national character. Socialist thought developed in Australia in concert with that in the parent culture, and anarchist and libertarian trends found a ready home amongst independent minded colonials. Yet, in preventing the formation of a native aristocracy the small radical population made a compromise with liberalism that saw a decidedly conservative streak develop in the early labour movement. There were little in the way of sophisticated radical literary offerings at first, but from the mid-nineteenth century a vanguard of radicals produced a thriving native press and other fugitive text forms. At the turn of the century the native radical literary tradition was vibrantly diverse, with a definitive style that claimed literary ownership of the Australian character. However, exhausted by the battles over WWI conscription and isolated by censorship, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was able to subsume the vanguard position from the socialists. The Party laid claim to the Australian radical literary tradition, at once both strengthening it with the discipline of a Marxist ideology and diminishing its independence and diversity. Party literary theory centred upon the issue of class, developing a doctrine of socialist realism that communist writers were expected to practice. How well a writer adhered to socialist realist principles became a measure of their class position and loyalty. Drawing more from primary sources, the thesis develops an analysis of the intellectual development of the Australian post-WWII writer Eric Lambert through his experience of class instability during Depression and war. The study examines Lambert's decision to join the Party and his literary response to his experiences of war, the Party, the turmoil of 1956 and life after the Party. Lambert's body of work is then analysed as the unintentional memoir of a writer working as an adult educator in the radical literary tradition. Lambert's struggles, for artistic independence within the narrow precepts of Party dogma and with class tensions, were common amongst intellectuals committed to the communist cause. Like many of his peers, Lambert resigned from the Party at the end of 1956 and suffered a period of ideological vacuum. However, he continued to write as a Marxian educator, seeking to reveal that which makes us human in the humanity of ordinary people. It is concluded that, while the Party did much to foster disciplined cohesion, the mutual distrust it generated amongst its intellectuals suppressed the independent thought that had kept the radical literary tradition alive. Although the Party developed an ideological strength within the radical literary tradition, its dominance over thirty years and subsequent fall from grace acted to fragment and discredit that centuries-old tradition which it subsumed. An argument is made for a reinvestment of the centrality of the radical literary tradition in the education of adults for the maintenance of social justice and the democratic project.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education
Full Text

Tobin J. Marks of Northwestern University observed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 263) high geometric control in the cyclization of 1 to 2 . Tristan H. Lambert of Columbia University found (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 1381) that Bi could catalyze both the addition of the ketene silyl acetal 4 to 3, and the subsequent cyclization of the secondary alcohol so formed, to give the product ether 5 with high diastereocontrol. Glenn M. Sammis of the University of British Columbia devised (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 2019) a radical relay cyclization of 6 to 7, again with high diastereocontrol. Eric Fillion of the University of Waterloo established (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 1919) that conjugate addition to the Meldrum’s acid derivative 8 proceeded with high stereoselectivity, delivering the useful chiron 10. Gregory C. Fu of MIT found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 2225) that both five- and six-membered ring ethers could be formed with high enantiocontrol from alkyne alcohols such as 11. The catalyst was a chiral phosphine. Christian M. Rojas of Barnard College established (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 1527) a route to 2-amino sugars such as 15, by Rh-mediated intramolecular nitrene addition in the presence of the trapping agent 14. J. S. Yadav of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 81) a route to C-glycosides such as 18, by condensation of a glycal 16 with an isonitrile 17. Michel R. Gagné of the University of North Carolina developed (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 879) a complementary route to C-glycosides such as 21, with control of side chain relative configuration. Note that the addition to the methacrylate 20 is likely proceeding by initial one-electron reduction, since reductive β-elimination is not observed. It is also possible to construct larger rings. Frank E. McDonald of Emory University devised a flexible route to protected tetraols such as 22, and showed (Organic Lett. 2009 , 11, 851) that it could be cyclized selectively to the septanoside 23. Kenshu Fujiwara of Hokkaido University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1236) that ring-closing metathesis of 24 delivered the eight-membered ring product 25 in near quantitative yield.