Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ergonomie – Travail'
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Paoletti, Félix. "Informatique et societe, ergonomie et conditions de travail." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066268.
Geuser, Fabien de. "Travail du manager et ergonomie des instruments de gestion." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHEC0002.
Fawcett, Neil. "Elaboration et application d'un modèle du travail d'enquête autonome." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131029.
The reporting of our work of "situated inquiry" (suchman, 1987) raises the oriblem of undertaking:". . . A post hoc analysis of situated action that will make it appear to have followed a rational plan "(ibid. , p. 52), and to identify : ". . . Some state of affairs (. . . ) as the goal toward which our previous actions, in retrospect, were directed 'all along'. . . " (ibid. ). The present solution consists in interpreting our zergonomics research as a work of autonomous inquiry, elaborating an epistemological model of its development, and presenting the course of our research in accordance with the proposed model. Chapter 1 considers the "logic" (dewey, 1938) of autonomous inquiry: supporting the idea that inquiry can be conducted as a selfgoverning, situated activity (needless of any extrinsic plan or end); prior to introducing the actual course of our inquiry (the designing of a serties of r. & d. Projects; the modelling of the design process). Chapter 2 elaborates a model of the r. & d. Project design process, based on design theory (e. G. Rittel & webber, 1974) and the theroy of inquiry (dewey, 1938). Chapter 3 presents the design of the r. & d. Projects undertaken in the field of artificial intelligence
Méry, Jean. "Recherches sur le déterminisme de la fatigue auditive : relations avec l'amélioration des conditions de travail." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131006.
Auditory fatigue seems to be a precursor of occupational deafness therefore, it is important, from the ergonomical point of view, to study its main determinants, from an investigation of deafness in brewery workers, systematical studies have been undertaken in a plant, as well as in the laboratory. The underlying mechanisms, particularly middle ear muscles reflex and brain stem auditory evoked potentials have been studied. The results show : the variability of middle ear muscles reflex (threshold and latency) contributes to explain the variability of deafness in workers exposed to the same noise. The "equal energy" concept is not valid for intermittent noises. A signigicant lengthening in latencies of brain stem auditory potentials becomes apparent beyond 90 bd (a). This "central" phenomenon takes more time to revert to normal values than recovery of auditory fatigue whose origin is supposed to be cochlear. These data suggest further applications concerning standardization in acoustics, design of noise dose-meters, differents aspects of noise control and promoting research on the effects of occupational exposure to noise
Antunes, Lima Francisco P. "Les contraintes au travail et la dimension ethique de l'activité : les valeurs dans l'activité de travail et leur signification pour la transformation ergonomique." Paris, CNAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CNAM0229.
Ergonomics is increasingly concermed with the social characteristics of work. This thesis take up this trend focusing on one under studied dimension: the ethics in the work. It is basede on the key assumption that all social acitivities are value-oriented and guided by norms and rules that, without them, no social life would be possible. Ethics and society are approached as intrinsically linked. This study then examines their interrelations inside the work sphere as this can be understood as "social praxis". Despite work is usually conceived solely as "technical activity", the xway the social actors organise their activities is characterised not only by the existence of socially constructed values but also by their predominance. In this sense, it is possible to suggest that work is an activity guided by values. Drawing on classical ergonomics studies and ou ou own observations, it was revealed some phenomena that show syubtle regulations forms of work activities. These regulation forms involve the set up of values, noms and rules. The way workers build problems to which they must cope, is partly determined by personal moral choices: commitment to particular values (e. G. , quality, quantity, efficacy), acceptance or rejection to hierarchy, solidarity among work colleagues in higher or lesser extent, expectancies in work and private life, etc. Values, norms and rules that influenced the dynmics of the work activities
Gontijo, Leila Amaral. "Etude ergonomique du travail de création graphique assisté par ordinateur." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131001.
This thesys research presents an ergonomic study of the computer assisted graphic design. Its objective is to put forward the most relevant characteristics from this kind of work, while trying to understand the transformations due to the use of such computer systems. The accent is mainly put on the cognitive aspects inherent to this activity and the pursued analysis concerns particularly the problematics of work planning and representation. This study could be used as an analysis method example, alowing for the finding of the ergonomic recommendations necessary to the conception of computer systems, in order to make them answer to the actual user needs
Vezina, Nicole. "Le travail en ambiance froide dans la découpe de volailles." Paris 13, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA131002.
The principal means of conserving the quality of food in the food processing industry is to maintain the work environment at cold temperatures. Chronic cold discomfort reported by women cutting up poultry on a production line in a slaughterhouse in bretagne, france, led to the present study, whose objectives were : 1) to determine the degree of chilling of hands and body; 2) to examine the relationship between chilling and work activity. Skin temperature of the left index finger and the oral temperature of sixteen of these women workers were recorded over 2 days' work, at each of the six work stations occupied on a rotational basis on the production line. Finger temperatures were measured every minute, oral temperatures periodically. Work organisation and work activity were analysed within the framework of ergonomic analysis; ambient temperature was recorded. The results show that oral and hand temperatures differed significantly with workstation and the time of the day. Some workstations were particularly chilling and brought index finger temperatures down as low as 5. 6 c. The workers' average finger temperature increased significantly during the work day while the average oral temperature decreased. These findings suggest that cold-induced vasodilatation as indicated by the left fingers' variation in temperature, results in warming the fingers at the expense of internal (oral) temperature, particularly at workstations where the workers' fingers are more active. Analysis of work activity at the various ststions suggest that a series of factors may be associated with a reduction in finger and oral temperature : length of time spent handling the chicken; sedentary position; short warming-up periods; hand chicken surface area of contact. An interview administered questionnaire on health symptoms provided information on possible long-term health problems associated with chilling. These findings underline the necessity of 1) rethinking work organization in refrigerated work places, particularly when there is repetitive chain work, 2) developping methods whereby poultry could be chilled without overcooling workers
Vaxevanoglou, Xénophon. "Déterminants organisationnels et psychosociaux, activité de travail et santé psychique au travail." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIE0003.
The operator/subject's health has been considered as early as the beginning of the ergonomical psychology where ergonomy is one of the fundamental criteria in research and intervention. For a long time, the ergonomical and psychological analysis about work was based on a defensive idea of the health - no illness since fifteen years, due to certain epidemiological results and theoretical evolutions the psychic and social dimensions of the activity have been taken into consideration. Through the influence of the stress theory of the psychodynamic at work, they stated out their human model and their problematic of the health at work : the operator takes part in the edification of his own health which is at once no illness, well - being and accomplishment of himself. The relation between work nd health cannot be only explained through the direct effects of pressure at work. The operator, subject in action, "clever" and "concerned", "subjective" and "full of ambivalence" is engaged in the work condition with his own story, aim and technology. The duality between these personal characteristics and those of the organization will become a positive fact for his health or on the contrary generate compromises resulting solely from the demands of efficiency endangering his physical, psychic and mental integrity. The understanding of this duality, its origin, development and issues goes through the activity analysis at work so. It will be possible to point out the role of the operator/subject in the regulation of the system and in the edification of his health - performance and health are not solely dependant of the objective reality. They are also a function of the operator's way of thinking and living the situation, and thus a function of the subjective reality. So it appears necessary to find some methodological connectors between the different approaches to finally propose an explanatory model of stress and psychic suffering at work
Montreuil, Sylvie. "Rôle des facteurs techniques et temporels du travail sur la variabilité de l'activité des opérateurs." Paris, CNAM, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CNAM0123.
This thesis studies to what extent technical - and time - related work factors in actual work situations allow operators (op. ) to adapt their monitoring methods to the various work situations encountered and to changes that a person undergoes during a 24-hous period. Two work stations in a quebec sawmill were studied: the first involves repetitive work with severe constraints: the operators' glance axis direction was recorded (4op. Total 16 day and night shifts). The second work station involves a less rigid framework: operators' movements and actions were recorded (5 op. Total 5 night shifts). The results show that when there are significant restrictions, the operators' margin of maneuver is insufficient to allow the diversity and variability in behavior to be expressed. However, during the night, these operators use their capabilities to an even greater extent to more thoroughly monitor a more conflictual situation. This observation can be explained by the changes in people's memory during the night and because the threshold at which an operator decides that a situation is critical is lower at night than in the daytime. At the second work station, very great diversity in behavior and increased physical activities are observed after midnight than before midnight. Consequently, one can expect that the more limited the time and technical contexts and the more inter-individual homogeni- zation in behavior and in the functional representation of the operators' system, this representation would
Romey, Béatrice. "Chrono-ergonomie du temps de travail atypique : les nuits de travail d'un service hospitalier de réanimation chirurgie-cardiaque." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0017.
Kandaroun, Rachid. "Le traitement des aspects interactifs dans l'analyse ergonomique du travail collectif et coopératif : application à l'étude d'activités de conduite et de maintenance d'un processus industriel complexe et dangereux." Paris 13, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA131015.
This research aims to consider the interrelation between "situations of action", "methodologies" and "conceptual frameworks" in ergonomics, and to answer the following question : how does the ergonomist, including the searcher, manage the constraints and resources of the situation and adjust his own conceptual and methodological frameworks to them. The thesis is based on the analysis of two working situations in a nuclear power plant: the operation activity and the preparation of instructions for materials, prior to and during the annually refuelling outage. This research also tries to prove that the ergonomist cannot avoid the flow of social interactions generated by the actors of the system to which he himself belongs; this is outlined in the ergonomic work analysis as well as in the operation activity at a more integrated level. The question results in a problematic still partly unregarded in ergonomics, i. E. The relationship between observation and analysis, in relation with the ergonomist's commitment. It seems that this epistemological question has to be considered in terms of the relation between ergonomic work analysis (ewa) for practice and ewa for knowledge-production. The contribution and limits of the conceptual and methodological tools usually used in ergonomics are discussed in the light of these two reference situations and the feasibility of importation and application of concepts from linguistic pragmatics is considered
Arkhipov, Dmitrii. "Planification socio-responsable du travail dans les chaînes de montage d'aéronefs : comment satisfaire à la fois objectifs ergonomiques et économiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30107.
In this thesis, the scheduling problem of tasks in aircraft assembly lines is studied. These production lines are mainly manual and paced. Since the failure of delivery on time may result in significant penalties for the manufacturer, it is crucial to meet the schedule at each workstation taking into account both economic and ergonomic criteria. This scheduling problem can be considered as a generalized Resource-Constraints Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP). Firstly, we review the existing ergonomic methods that can be used to evaluate the physical workload in production lines and examine their applicability to the context of aircraft assembly lines with long takt times. On the basis of this evaluation, we develop mathematical models to be introduced in considered RCPSP problems in order to take into account the ergonomic impact on the operators. Taking into consideration these ergonomic constraints, the original industrial problem is modeled as a RCPSP with special constraints and objectives integrating both economic and ergonomic aspects. Several formulations with multi-skilled operators, resources with time-dependent capacities, constraints on ergonomic factors and multi-mode tasks ordered by precedence relations with time lags are considered. Constraint Programming and Integer Linear Programming models are developed for these formulations. In order to enhance the solution procedures, novel constraint propagation techniques are proposed and implemented. A new algorithm for lower bound calculation is developed as well. The efficiency of presented models and methods are validated through numerical experiments
Andorre-Gruet, Valérie. "Approche chronopsychologique de la prise de poste et de la surveillance d'un processus dynamique continu." Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20033.
This thesis focused on the ergonomic analysis of supervisory activity in a continuous chemical process, on normal operation. It is based on a social request including the impact of new technologies in dynamic process control and assesments of working time. In such a context, the process supervision implies mental activities and shiftwork. From a cognitive viewpoint, it requires the anticipation of the system evolution and to be prepared to act constantly. This supposes to refer to a mental representation of the process, elaborated at the beginning of the shift. From a chronopsychological viewpoint, some components of these mental activities vary according to working hours. Our purpose is to understand the supervision organisation, and to show the interaction between chronobiological constraints and the different cognitive demands of shift takeover or supervisory activity. As essential supports of activity, controllers information gatherings were recorded on line, in the control room, over 18 night and day shifts. The results revealed the shift takeover specificity from quantitative (high rate of consultations carried on over the first 90 minutes) and qualitative viewpoints (variations in the proportions of the different screen pages format according to the shifts). During the supervisory activity (last five hours of work), the rate of information consulted varied according to the level of vigilance. They implied an important selection of information based on critical manufacture stages. They could also correspond to a global or/and a detailed analysis of the situation. To sum up, on normal operation, the supervision attested to the interaction between activity cognitive constraints, circadian rhythms and strain due to the shift duration. We then proposed a model exceeding the classical sinusoid of chronobiologists, too restricted to account for all the variations observed
Dilax, Albert. "Informatisation d'une situation de travail : l'exemple d'un test cognitif, la batterie factorielle d'aptitudes de Manzione." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUEL202.
Although in dramatic growth, computer-based testing is the target of many interrogations concerning the rules of the ethic and the identity itself of the psychologists. The central element of its paradigm is the equivalence between the traditionnal and the informatic forms of a same test. When working myself the computerization of different subtests of a factorial battery of aptitudes, i should prove that the respect of the principles of the conception of an interactive application and the knowledge of the user interface enable to reduce the risk of the invalidity of the informatic presentation. This hypothesis is not verified for many subtests. Only the subtests of vocabular and spatial representation are constant. The new form lose the psychometrics properties of the initial test. The computerization modify the attitude of the user in the task; she forces him into changing his strategies or his operationnal modes. However, the assumption is made that even if only cognitive process or style can be performed with this software, computerization is justified
Phan, Chan The Emile Petiet Guy. "Intérêts et limites de l' évaluation de la charge de travail à l' aide des échelles de Borg." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2002_PHAN_CHAN_THE_EMILE.pdf.
Loukil, Walid. "La Sécurité en milieu industriel dégradé : modalités de compensation des carences technologiques." Paris, CNAM, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CNAM0176.
Carballeda, Gabriel. "La contribution des ergonomes à l'analyse et à la transformation de l'organisation du travail : l'exemple d'une intervention relative à la maintenance dans une industrie de processus continu /." Bordeaux : Université Victor-Segalen Bordeaux 2-ISPED, Laboratoire d'ergonomie des systèmes complexes, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37644638h.
FICHOU, ALAIN. "Le fonds pour l'amelioration des conditions de travail : ses retombees favorables sur la sante des travailleurs." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M015.
Vion, Martine. "Analyse de l'apprentissage médié "sur le tas" : le cas du travail de guichet à l'hôpital." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131002.
Theoritical framework. Coached on the job learning was analyzed as an activity where a novice operator progressively develops his competences with the help of his expert colleagues. Building upon the research of the course of action (pinsky and theureau, 1987), learning was defined as a continous process of diachronic transformations of the novice's course of action. Methoos. Observations of the novice's actions and recordings of verbal communications were continously collected all along along his apprenticeship. Models. On the basis of the notion of the traidic sign, were elaborateld one model of the course of action development process and one model of the origins of the interpretants (elements of generaltity resulting form past cognition) common to both the novice and the expert, and onde model of the diachronic transformations of the novice's course of action. Data analysis. The analysis of the course of action development process and the comparative analysis of different courses of action of action have given new insight into operators observing, doing and learning know-how competences. Ergonomic principles. Exclusively on the job learning must be eliminated and replaced by better conditions of aprrenticeship, the training of the novices alternatively ind and out of the work context, the training of experts in the tutorial activity
MINGUY, JEAN-LUC. "Concevoir pour aider a l'action situee. Le travail en passerelle de navires de peche : role de la carte de peche comme representation." Paris, CNAM, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CNAM0234.
This research is based ont he theoretical frame which is nammed "situations d'activite instrumentee". This frame gives us a cognitive approach for objects and technical systems which is able to interpret and account for interaction between the subject, the tools and the working object. Here the enrichment of this theoretical frame takes two major ergonomica l aspects into account : the existence of mental representaions for actions and the design of specific tools made by the user himself in order to comply with the characteristics of the working object. On board fishing vessels catching fish requiers the use of technical systemes designed to inform the skipper on some aspects of the fishing process and navigation. Attention is paid to particular characteristics of the maritime domain, and especially deep-sea fishing : condiitons for the exploration of the environment, and for the organization of the work. Our object of research is the deep-sea charts as a representation. These charts provide an accurate representation of the skipper's expertise. They ar e also tools that skippers are able to transmit themselves. And finally they are mental models of the working situations which is recorded in black and white. We focused analysis on the operations which are carried out on one of the charts by one skipper. We proposed the concept of "tool systems" to account for the results of a specific deep-sea chart analysis. Such a concept allows us to devlop a point of view on the artefacts design process. The descriptive model that we have elaborated could give relevant indications for "tool systems" design process. Recommandations for the design process are elaborated and discussed from the point of vie w of the users'real needs and the current state of development of certain bridge "tool systems"
Baradat, Dominique. "TMS, une approche conduite de projet : le processus de conception d'un poste de travail dans une entreprise d'ameublement /." Bordeaux : Université Victor Segalen-Bordeaux 2-ISPED, Laboratoire d'ergonomie des systèmes complexes, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376851413.
Madi, Mohamed. "La confrontation des savoirs et des représentations sociales : une source d'entrave à la coopération dans les organisations du travail : étude dans l'industrie cimentière algérienne : approche anthropotechnologique." Paris, CNAM, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CNAM0248.
Technology transfer cannot succed if not adapted to the target population in all it's differences. Though, imported technical system complexity are highly mastered but this thesis shows how a cooperative work between workers and leaders of a country in the process of industrial devellopement, is delayed by differences in social representations, knowledges, langages and logics. Resulting conflicts of these difference, emphasised by local contingencies, often delayes decision making, and thus bring considerable loss of time, sometime beyond possible recollection in the industrial systems
Estryn-Behar, Madeleine. "Rôle de l'organisation du travail et de l'organisation de l'espace sur l'activité du personnel soignant : conséquences sur la qualité des soins et sur la santé physique et mentale de ce personnel soignant." Paris, CNAM, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CNAM0127.
An epidemiological survey included 1505 women from 26 healthcare departments of "assistance publique" (public hospitals) in paris and an ergonomic study included 10 of these departments have shown the real impact of personal and occupational risk factors on employee's health and on the running of institutions : work places should be defined according to factors which determine the workload, in these work places, the most frequent pathologies should be identified, actual work should be studied, indicators of pathologies realated to working conditions should be recognized and may be used to evaluate working condition arrangement programmes. From both approaches, the nursing staff's comments were better understood and proposals were exposed to improve nursing staff's work activity as well as to arrange strategies that reconcile a bearable workload with a correct quality of healthcare
De, Magistris Giovanni. "Étude et conception de la commande de mannequins virtuels dynamiques pour l'évaluation ergonomique des postes de travail." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066726.
The present thesis is focused on the evaluation of the biomechanical risk factors of a work-station or work-situation at the design stage. Digital human models (DHM) currently available in computer-aided design (CAD) software present average characteristics and rely on static models, which induce in certain cases an underestimation of the operator's constraints. An ambitious objective consists in developing a virtual human able to automatically calculate, from a simple description of the task, realistic motion in terms of position, speed, acceleration and applied couples, in order to obtain reliable ergonomic evaluation of a workstation. To reach this objective, we have developed a dynamic digital human model controlled by force and acceleration, inspired by human motor control. Our controller executes several tasks simultaneously in real time. Control algorithms are based upon the human ability to adapt and interact with different environments by adjusting force and impedance. The controller combines a multi-objective optimization problem with a human learning model (humans would learn new dynamics because of a minimization of instability, error and effort). The interest of this method has been underlined through different simulations. This validation is based upon comparison of experimentally-measured biomechanical data with those from our dynamic digital human model simulations
Sylla, Nahéma. "Contribution à l'assistance robotisée du geste au travail : modélisation, analyse et assistance du geste." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20135/document.
The emergence of Musculo-Squelettal Disorders (MSD) in the industry is a real blight, having major socioeconomic consequences in France. In order to reduce work painfulness and MSD risks, some industries are committing to modifying workstations by assisting operators with robotic devices. Following this MSD prevention policy, PSA Peugeot Citroen aims to use cobots or exoskeletons as assistive devices to improve workers conditions. However, implementing this type of robot in factories requires quantifying their ergonomic benefit. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to develop a method to assess collaborative robot that are intended to be used in PSA Peugeot Citroen factories. In this framework, the right mono-arm ABLE exoskeleton, designed by the CEA-LIST has been used. With a biomechanical analysis of an industrial manipulation task, we have been able to assess the benefit of the exoskeleton in terms of physical load reduction. We also proposed in this work to assess neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the industrial task performed in interaction with the exoskeleton. On the basis of the human motor control theory and using an inverse optimisation method, objectives functions such as jerk, joint torque or energy that characterize the human manipulation task in terms of efforts, kinematics and execution time, have been identified. This improved understanding of human upper limb movements then allowed reviewing the exoskeleton design in order to propose an optimal command strategy adapted to the execution of industrial tasks
Damestoy, Eliane. "Les postes de travail et la pathologie professionnelle dans les conserveries de légumes." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2M022.
Vilm, Isabelle. "Analyse de tâches dans le travail de bureau en vue de définir des interfaces : élaboration d'une méthode appliquée à un système de suivi de dossiers administratifs." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080772.
This thesis was prepared in the area cognitive psychology. In this study, techniques and methods of cognitive psychology have been applied to software human computer interface (hci) with the objective of bringing a methodology hci professionals can use to more efficiently do their job. The area of investigation of this study is workflow software applications. They are designed to foster the circulation and tracking business administrative information between different individuals of a group. They belong to the broader area of cscw (computer supported cooperative work). The study is based on the analysis of individuals activities and on the premise that it is necessary ot formalise data resulting from it. Realising that office work activities are rarely totally structured, the study goes beyond the execution level and identifies generic procedures on the base of office activities execution constraints. The methodology used is "procope". It allows the building of a framework including objects classes based on procedures applied to them. The result, based on the analysis of activities, is a set of specifications used for software design. The translation of formalised data into these specifications is complex. Based on this reality, the study identifies principles enabling the definition of specifications from data formalised with procope. As a result, it is an important contribution to a real hci methodology
Bouldi, Nadia. "Le droit de la prévention à l'aune des sciences du travail : droit et régulation du travail réel." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILD002.
Our thesis is interdisciplinary: it is based on both fields of Law and ergonomics. This research outlines the prevention Law for labor health. This legal field has been developed in parallel and consubstantially while taking into account the scientific facts, in particular those designed by occupational ergonomics, a discipline which is based on the principle of adapting work to the worker (fitting work to the human), by developing individuals, collectives, and organizations. Also, prevention Law defines a set of spaces concerning expression on work, articulated with spaces for decision-making time. The use of these resources carries the potential of a real democratic process for decision-making, regulating the organization, at the most appropriate scale in company or branch. In this, this right allows to go beyond the relationship of subordination characterizing the working relationship, and this, by giving the development of workers and organizations as an objective. For an efficient use of these resources, supporting the actors of prevention – without dispossessing them of their roles – is often a challenge. The expertise based on the enabling intervention is of interest for this implementation. In addition, prevention law is being renovated thanks to at least three paths: the doctrinal debate conveying the different scientific approaches, case law which adapts the prescribed law according to reminders of reality, and the process of pre-legislation which is inspired by real uses
Saujat, Frédéric. "Ergonomie de l'activité enseignante et développement de l'expérience professionnelle : une approche clinique du travail de professeur." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10050.
Carmona, Jocelyne. "Etude comparative de postes de travail dans le service des expéditions de trois entreprises de presse : propositions d'amélioration des conditions de travail." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11217.
Castillo, Martinez Juan Alberto Richard Édouard. "Rôle et apports de l'ergonomie dans la conception de la prévention dans les systèmes de travail en Colombie pratiques informelles et mesures de sécurité /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2004. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/castillomartinez_ja.
Houillon, Virginie. "Approche psycho-ergonomique de l’évolution professionnelle et personnelle des « personnes handicapées » et de leurs emplois au sein de l’entreprise." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0467.
Résumé en anglais non fourni
Deschaintre, Stephane. "Le travail dans la performance organisationnelle : proposition d'une démarche pour étudier la performance du travail." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E004/document.
This thesis focuses on work performance, or in other words how work contributes to an organization’s performance. This topic has received little attention in the literature. However, the literature shows the complexity surrounding the notions of work and performance. Therefore, the question that this thesis seeks to answer is exploratory and methodological: "How to account for work performance within organisations?” This thesis adopts an interdisciplinary approach. It combines ergonomics and management control. The thesis develops an original, analytical framework aimed at understanding work performance using common categories in management control (discourse, measures, managerial practices) and in ergonomics (activity).The analytical framework structures the data collection methodology, which mainly relies on semi-structured interviews, documents, non-participatory observations and verbalizations. The first case study focuses on the performance of salespeople work in airports’ duty-free shops. The second case study focuses on the work performance of workers in an industrial SME.We show that using the analytical framework enables us to account for work performance and underscore the often implicit and divergent dimensions of how work contributes to organisational performance. We also highlight that the actors’ representations of work performance are partially independent of those conveyed by the measures. Finally, the thesis demonstrates that work and its performance are a legitimate and relevant research object in management control
Trenvouez, Arnaud. "Pour la conception de dispositifs de formation au travail collaboratif : analyse en ergonomie cognitive de l'activité collective en match d'improvisation théâtrale." Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT3003.
Chatigny, Céline. "La construction de ressources opératoires : contribution à la conception des conditions de formation en situation de travail." Paris, CNAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0376.
Leal, Ferreira Leda. "Les travailleurs postés et leur sommeil : une étude dans l'industrie brésilienne." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131025.
Perez, Toralla Maria Sol. "Pour une prescription capacitante, ergonomie et débats des règles du travail : le cas d'une entreprise déployant la lean production." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0935/document.
The goal of ergonomic of adapting work to Man has gradually broadened in scope, notably with the evolution of the concept of health towards integrating the possibility for workers to make full use of their skills. Following this view, the main goal of our research was to better understand the possibilities of joint development of people and organization within a “lean production” industry. Three perspectives of analysis were fallowed. The first perspective related to the underlying model of work in lean production. The second perspective focused on mobilizing work activity as part of continual improvement approaches. The third perspective focused on the forms and goals of the transformation of work, in order to identify the role of ergonomics and evolutions in the practice of ergonomics in order to act in a context of deployment of a lean production system. Our results suggested that ergonomic action focused on identifying the conditions of improved participation is not enough. One must also provide feedback at the strategic level of management, so as to broaden the goals of projects aiming for continual improvement, by including the goals that had not been previously anticipated, and that had been formulated by operators
Fasla, El Hadi. "Vers une analyse des conditions de l'activité de saisie : approche ergonomique en situation réelle de travail : le cas de l'opératrice de saisie." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131015.
Galichet, Gilles. "Proposition d’une méthodologie de transformation organisationnelle pour une performance industrielle et de la santé au travail." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC002/document.
The current industrial world is facing frequent changes, which are sometimes abrupt. This is due to the scientific and technical progresses and increasingly challenging needs of customers. This market variability often creates unstable work organisations and arduousness and stress factors. Therefore, manufacturers are developing methods to control and improve their processes for greater performance. Lean management and ergonomics approach are two of these approaches.But they seem not having totally demonstrated their efficiency for tackling this double issue that is industrial performance and health-at-work. The notion of global performance, which encompasses this double issue, is complex and not so easy for enterprise to manage.Thus, this research project aims at proposing a methodology for transforming organisation and controlling global performance, on the basis of a synergy between the Lean Manufacturing, the ergonomics approach and the ergomotrice one. It aims at guiding an enterprise on a progress journey built upon an evaluation process of the organisation maturity level. The Maturity Matrix in its design takes into account the main principles of the Lean Manufacturing, the ergonomics approach and the ergomotrice one. We propose a framework for change management inside a rhythmed control process allowing to transform an industrial organisation in order to achieve the enterprise strategic vision of global performance.All these research works have been tested in several companies that have been assisted by Valessentia, and more particularly inside Jean-Louis Amiotte
Arnaud, Fanny. "L'intervention ergonomique dans le cadre de la Qualité de Vie au Travail : Conception et évaluation d'un espace de discussion sur le travail centré sur les émotions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. https://intranet-theses.unice.fr/2024COAZ2003.
Quality of Life at Work was established in France by the National Interprofessional Agreement signed on 19 June 2013. The concept has yet to be scientifically defined, but ANACT is seeking to make it operational by means of an approach characterized by the consideration of subjectivity at work and its discussion between all levels of company stakeholders. Since the objective is to decide, in a participatory manner, on the actions to be implemented to improve health, well-being and performance at work, the deployment of this QLW approach should be able to draw on the work of activity ergonomics. Research that integrates the analysis of emotions at work into the classic ergonomic intervention approach. At a time when work is being organized to produce services, worker-beneficiary relations are characterized by emotional labor, which has an impact on health, well-being, and performance at work. Moreover, emotions are essentially subjective, and their identification and expression guide our behavior and decisions. In this context, the first study in this thesis will seek to review the scientific literature describing ergonomic intervention methodologies that take account of emotions with a view to deploying QLW. The second study in this thesis will supplement the results of the review by means of a questionnaire survey on QLW actors and practices regarding ANACT's QLW approach, which appears to be underused. The factors that might explain this underutilization will also be studied using the questionnaire. The third and fourth studies of this thesis will be devoted to the deployment of an ergonomic intervention that we have designed based on the ANACT QLW approach and to which we have incorporated the consideration of emotions at work. More specifically, this intervention is a training-action course in the analysis and transformation of activity, structured around several sessions of “work-related discussion forums” (WDFs), the engineering of which is centred on emotions. Finally, the last study in the thesis puts to the test of experimentation the causal relationship between the expression of emotions at work and decision-making. The major contribution of this thesis is a proposal for a new ergonomic intervention approach in activity-based ergonomics, which lends itself to supporting QLW objectives in part. The intervention enables participants to express their experiences at work and their proposals for solutions. It appears to improve psychological capital (efficacy, hope and resilience), modify the empowerment (self-efficacy) and have no effect on work performance measured by the participants' initial intention. The self-efficacy reduction makes it possible to discuss the precautions to be taken before conducting WDF in companies. Indeed, if employees fail to express their concerns to their superiors, their belief in their ability to act may be affected in the long term. Consequently, before carrying out his intervention, the practitioner must ensure that the management is committed to arguing their decision making at the end of the WDF, otherwise the practitioner would have to refuse the intervention. The limitations of this thesis are mainly methodological, since the research methods chosen to conduct our studies did not really enable us to verify the general hypothesis that integrating consideration of emotions into ergonomic intervention made it effective in the context of QLW. The body of work and ideas arising from this thesis therefore constitute a proposal for any practitioner or researcher interested in discussing the subjective experience of work and its consequences for empowerment, health, well-being, and performance at work
Chitescu, Liliana Cristina. "Simulation en ergonomie : facteur d'innovation dans la conception de produits : application à la conception de systèmes de travail." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_CHITESCU_L_C.pdf.
This research is positioned in the Industrial Engineering field and it is dealing with the human factor integration in the design process of products and associated work systems. Using the knowledge, methods and specific tools of two disciplines (Engineering Science and Social and Human Science), the research proposes a human-centered design methodology that is allowing a better “Ergonomics Analyse – Products Design” articulation, from the very beginning to last stage of process. At the heart of this methodology there is a numerical simulation method of Gestural and Posturales Activities of Human that is possible with the support of the numerical mannequins which are the 3D human models. So, this method and the MANERCOS associated tool permit us to propose a new way to design and re-design the products/work systems which allows the innovation by a better consideration of the human characteristics: anthropometrical, biomechanical etc… By the application to the work systems design, we show particularly how the proposed methodology allows to detect and to estimate some of the risk factors of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD) resulting from the working conditions, the tools and workplaces design etc. , and how to contribute in this case to the prevention of the professional diseases in constant increase for several years. More specific, the proposed methodology bring together all the actors of design process to define, to test, to estimate and to validate the numerical mock-ups of future work systems, adapted to the future operators, in terms of health, safety, comfort and efficiency at work. So we reveal capacities and the effectiveness of the MANERCOS tool, but we also show the way to evolve it in order to make better the "ergonomist - designer" cooperation within the design process. Particularly, the new features brought to this numerical mannequin, coupled at a measure tool of movements and efforts (CAPTIV tool) and associated in prospect at a virtual reality platform, will permit a better evaluation and prediction of the risks of Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMD), by taking into account the Gestural and Posturales Activities
Raybois, Mathieu. "Santé, créativité, temporalité : une analyse en clinique du travail et en ergonomie de l’activité des soins en EHPAD." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30048.
This thesis questions the care activity of elderly in a residential establishment for older dependent people. The question about the health of the professionals is examined through analyses of the work's activity. The examination of the links between the notion of health and the theories about the work shows the importance of creativity. The recreated activity pertains to the care givers' health by many ways. Besides this point, the research-Action reveals the necessity of investigating the numerous implications of time in the activity. Strongly constrained, the activity is collectively reorganized around time management. But refocusing on the daily time, the care givers' activity seems to occult the care. During the relationships, the care is reinvested. But there are other dimensions of time too that are summoned : exchange's time, life's time, professional's story and familiar's story... From these times and stories, the activity could be recreated by any care giver. The end of this research aims to discuss and reconsider the complicated connection between the caregivers' activity and times, the different creativity's appearances invested, and also the question of the collective
Plantard, Pierre. "Objectivation et standardisation des évaluations ergonomiques des postes de travail à partir de données Kinect." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20021/document.
Evaluation of potential risks of musculoskeletal disorders in real workstations is challenging as the environment is cluttered, which makes it difficult to correctly and accurately assess the pose of a worker. Most of the traditional motion capture systems cannot deal with these workplace constraints. Being marker-free and calibration-free, Microsoft Kinect is a promising device to assess these poses, but the validity of the delivered kinematic data under work conditions is still unknown. In this thesis we first propose an extensive validation of the Kinect system in an ergonomic assessment context with sub-optimal capture condition. As most of the large inaccuracies come from occlusions, we propose a new example-based method to correct unreliable poses delivered by the Kinect in such a situation. We introduced the Filtered Pose Graph structure to make the method select the most relevant candidates before combination. In an ergonomics context, we computed RULA scores and compared them to those computed from an optoelectronic mocap system. We also propose to challenge our method in real workplace environment and compared its performance to experts' evaluation in the Faurecia company. Finally, we evaluated the relevance of the proposed method to estimate internal joint torques thanks to inverse dynamics, even if occlusions occur. Our method opens new perspectives to define new fatigue or solicitation indexes based on continuous measurement contrary to classical static images generally used in ergonomics. The computation time enables real-time feedback and interaction with the operator
Trézéguet, Muriel. "Fonction des activités collatérales dans le domaine du travail : approches différentielles chez l'enfant et application à la situation scolaire." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20038.
Domange, Romain. "Critères ergonomiques d'une modification de ligne de conditionnement." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P008.
Gaudart, Corinne. "Transformations de l'activité avec l'âge dans des tâches de montage automobile sur chaîne." Paris, EPHE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPHE3034.
This research was conducted in an automobile construction company of which the production population is aging. Some demographic and economic factors lead to a remain of the aging operators on the production lines, where the time constraints and the flexibility requirements are strong. All these requirements cause difficulty for the elderly. The company therefore turned to us so as to identify the nature of these difficulties and determine the strategies the older workers implement to remain in their workstations, in view of adapting the production tool to the characteristics of this population. A first result shows a decrease in job rotation with age. This result can be interpreted by means of finer analyses studying the operating modes workers of different ages use on the same workstation. When the workstation requirements so permit, the older workers implement strategies in order to achieve production goals while preserving their health, implying a fine sensory-motor skills development. But these strategies largely depend on the workstation characteristics : if they require both cognitive notions and too great physical efforts, their leeway will be limited and will not allow them to implement healthpreserving strategies; this could partly explain the decrease of job rotation after 40. Such knowledge led us to look into the different stages involved in learning a new job for operators at different ages. The older ones try to use these strategies from the very beginning of the learning stage. But the period of implementation of these strategies can have a high cost for their health; it is not possible to implement these ones on every workstation; and the training conditions do not favour older workers
Lenelle, Amélie. "L'approche relationnelle de soins : analyse ergonomique du travail auprès de préposés aux bénéficiaires afin de comprendre les déterminants de sa mise en oeuvre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26822.
Loslever, Pierre. "Étude ergonomique du poste bureautique : Approche par les méthodes multidimensionnelles d'analyse des données." Valenciennes, 1988. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/0fb2137f-578e-43ec-9bea-1ae708b27a3a.
Voillet, Louineau Christine. "Contribution à l'appréciation de la charge physique de travail par les paramètres cardio-vasculaires dans les différents métiers." Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT3410.
Pontonnier, Charles. "Simulation mécanique pour l’analyse ergonomique des postes de travail : cas du coude et de l’avant-bras." Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538688.
Workstations design has a direct impact on working conditions. Ergonomics takes an important place in the industry. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) appear more and more frequently as working diseases. The purpose of this thesis is the design of motion analysis tools of the upper extremity that can be used to improve the ergonomics of workstations and decrease the risks of MSD appearance. The main contributions presented in this thesis are: A biomechanical model of the upper extremity based on functional anatomy ; A complete processing chain, from capture to motion to muscle forces, in an inverse dynamics approach ; The definition and the evaluation of additional constraints that can simulate the co-activation of the antagonism muscles ; The presentation and the evaluation of an muscle forces computation method based on interpolation ; The definition and the evaluation of an ergonomic criterion usable to evaluate the painfulness of a motion