Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ergonomie – Participation des travailleurs'
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Bouldi, Nadia. "Le droit de la prévention à l'aune des sciences du travail : droit et régulation du travail réel." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILD002.
Full textOur thesis is interdisciplinary: it is based on both fields of Law and ergonomics. This research outlines the prevention Law for labor health. This legal field has been developed in parallel and consubstantially while taking into account the scientific facts, in particular those designed by occupational ergonomics, a discipline which is based on the principle of adapting work to the worker (fitting work to the human), by developing individuals, collectives, and organizations. Also, prevention Law defines a set of spaces concerning expression on work, articulated with spaces for decision-making time. The use of these resources carries the potential of a real democratic process for decision-making, regulating the organization, at the most appropriate scale in company or branch. In this, this right allows to go beyond the relationship of subordination characterizing the working relationship, and this, by giving the development of workers and organizations as an objective. For an efficient use of these resources, supporting the actors of prevention – without dispossessing them of their roles – is often a challenge. The expertise based on the enabling intervention is of interest for this implementation. In addition, prevention law is being renovated thanks to at least three paths: the doctrinal debate conveying the different scientific approaches, case law which adapts the prescribed law according to reminders of reality, and the process of pre-legislation which is inspired by real uses
Sznelwar, Laerte. "Analyse ergonomique de l'exposition de travailleurs agricoles aux pesticides : essai ergotoxicologique." Paris, CNAM, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CNAM0145.
Full textThis thesis at proposing an ergonomic analysis of the activity of agriculture workers exposed to pesticides. Three points have been discussed in detail: - the dependance of exposure on the work organization and application strategies;- the relation between the exposure and the different activities carried out;- the trade between the representation of risk and the requirements of production (the struggle to keep ones job, the effort to maintain the level of quality and quantity of production). Seven farms have been studied, four of which in the surroudings or sao paulo, brazil, and three in the parisian area, france greengrocers and flowers). These are the results:- the exposure present high levels of variability depending on the phases of the activity, days of the week, seasons and the type of company. Several factors can be pointed out as being responsible for this variability: work division, work schedules, strategies of application, tools, plants, land geography, soil, climate, technical incidents and worker's behaviour. - it's been observed that the exposure conditions vary considerably from one country to the other: workers in france find temselves exposed only six months a year due to the stop of production during the winter, while brazilian workers are exposed all year round at higher temperatures. - the possibilities of acquiring technical information is a function of educational levels, personal experience, type and division of work, as well as the participation in the local community life,- some defense mechanisms might be yielded by the constant effort deployed by workers to combat anxiety mainly caused. .
Leal, Ferreira Leda. "Les travailleurs postés et leur sommeil : une étude dans l'industrie brésilienne." Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA131025.
Full textFICHOU, ALAIN. "Le fonds pour l'amelioration des conditions de travail : ses retombees favorables sur la sante des travailleurs." Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1M015.
Full textMalo, François Bernard. "Participation des travailleurs et performances organisationnelles : le cas du CHUQ." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10097.
Full textThis work is about the evolution of the worker's participation in the decision making and its impacts on the organizational performances of the Centre Hospitalier universitaire de Québec. First, after having defined the concept of worker's participation with the help of the industrial democracy, we built a tool to mesure it. Second, after an extensive review of the litterature about the organizational performances, we set up our own model. To examine the relationships between these two concepts, we conducted a longitudinal study covering the second half of the 90's. Our results show that if the HRM litterature assumes frequently that the new models can be applied uniformly to all employees in the same organization, in reality it is slighty different and demonstrate that without an enlarged scope, the long term performances will never be achieved
Bello, Ahmed. "Étude comparative des libertés collectives des travailleurs : essai de rapprochement à partir de la situation juridique des travailleurs français et béninois." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0493/document.
Full textTo ensure a balance, between the different parts of the work contract, has always been the aim of the employment law creation. The implementation of the rules of employment law certainly has got a particular purpose. It is constituted by the wish to get the worker emancipated in the business space. It is certainly in the same purpose that, in order to enable individual liberties not to remain in the edge of the enterprise, those collective expressions rights were given to workers: the liberty of trade unions, the right to strike and the principle of participation. We will have to study the fundamental nature of those rights in a way which would be totally free of any national legal system, in regard of the universal character there have. However, we still have to start from two internal orders to reach a non-superficial reflexion. Then, why shall we not focus on the “human right country” and the “Latin district of Africa” to understand in which extent fundamental human rights regarding employment are respected everywhere. Does the “mimicry legal” issue generate difficulties in Africa workers' collective liberties and freedom field and more specifically in Benin? What about fundamental human rights regarding employment in ex Dahomey? That comparative study on worker's collective liberties will make an attempt to answer
GonÃalves, Francisco Luiz Salles. "La Participation des Travailleurs aux benÃfits et rÃsultats des entreprises: dinamique et tendences." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5328.
Full textCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Ma dissertation Ãssaie de donner sa vraie importance à la loi qui a Ãtabli la Participation des Travailleurs aux BÃnefits et RÃsultats des Entreprises, en analisant ses aspects positifs et nÃgatifs. Elle Ãssaie de montrer que, donnÃes les conditions à lÂintÃrieur de la structure syndicale, politique et sociale du BrÃsil, la "PLR" dÃvrait entraÃner, du point de vue des travailleurs, une amÃlioration des conditions de mobilization et des luttes dans les entreprises. de lÂautonomie syndicale et de la distribution des rÃvenus. Le principal point faible du syndicalisme brÃsilien a toujours età son absence imposÃe des locaux de travail. Or, la loi de laPLR a iuvert, par la premiÃre fois, de forme legitime, protegÃe par la loi, la possibilità de ce genre dÂaction. Mon travail a cotà des syndicalistes, et mÃme face aux entrepreneurs,dans les negotiations coltectives, a età trÃs utile, dÃs le dÃbut, me faisant voir lÂimportance potentielle de la PLR et la necessità d Ãveiller un plus fort interÃt, chez les eux, et dans la società en general, a ce sujet.
Minha dissertaÃÃo procura atribuir a devida importÃncia ao surgimento da ParticipaÃÃo dos Trabalhadores nos lucros das empresas, de forma a analisar seus aspectos positivos e negativos. Procura mostrar que na estrutura sindical, polÃtica e social do Brasil, a PLRtenda a trazer mais aspectos positivos que negativos, do ponto de vista dos trabalhadores, da autonomia sindical e da melhoria da distribuiÃÃo de renda. O grande ponto fraco do sindicalismo brasileiro sempre foi sua ausÃncia dos locais de trabalho, imposta pela CLT, e a lei da PLR abriu, pela primeira vez, de forma legÃtima, protegida por lei, a possibilidade deste tipo de aÃÃo. Meu convÃvio com sindicalistas, e tambÃm com empresÃrios, ao participar, ao lado dos trabalhadores, em negociaÃÃes coletivas de trabalho, foi muito Ãtil, desde o inÃcio, sugerindo-me a importÃncia potencial da PLR e a necessidade de despertar um interesse mais amplo, entre os trabalhadores e na sociedade em geral, a seu respeito.
GABET, GAUTHIER VERONIQUE. "Etude des modalites de la participation du personnel a la conception des unites de soins." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M111.
Full textMerceron, Jean-Luc. "Principe de subsidiarité et management des organisations, possibilités, conditions et limites d'un management subsidiaire : le cas d'une banque régionale." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3022/document.
Full textThere is no "well-being" without "well-doing" (Clot, 2010). The issue of « work well done » mobilizes each of us in its daily activity. However, what is a « work well done » ? What resources are needed to do our job properly ? What impedes work well done ? These fundamental questions for the proper functioning of a company and the health at work deserve to mobilize all the hierarchy of workers to contribute to a permanent and appropriate adjustment between "settled reliability" and "managed reliability" (Petit, Dugué, Daniellou 2011). In a contemporary context of decreasing "power to act" of individuals at work (Clot, 2008, 2010), an old concept of political philosophy, subsidiarity, made a remarkable comeback in the social science research: ergonomics (Petit, Dugué, Daniellou, 2011), law (Barroche, 2012), economics (Gomez, 2011), management (Detchessahar, 2013 ; Melé, 2005), because subsidiarity is considering organizing from the bottom to the top by having the aim of safeguarding the creative act of individuals and permanent ambition to place the decision as close as possible to the action. However, is a subsidiary management actually possible? In this case, what are the conditions of implementation, and limitations. In the framework of an intervention-research in a Regional Bank, we are testing the following hypothesis: the settlement of discussion areas about what is « work well done » into managerial routines (by managerial animation) allows to feed a subsidiary management that combines health at work and organizational performance
Charif, Mustapha. "La participation des travailleurs en Algérie du discours a l'expérience : étude comparative de deux unités." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070085.
Full textThe Algerian model of socialist corporate management constitutes an important structural aiming at workers participation in the management second experience after the self managements (62-65) this model encounters sociological a heaviness and creats many secondary effects such as habits and practices, having incidences on participation, production and management. Trying to answer to these differents problems, and to explain the fact that the "machine" is not working. This survey is based on the enquiry into two units of food production in Algerian. Its shows that the institutional change is very slow, in one hand, subject of the hazardous circumstances of the social practice of each unit, and, in the other hand, that the workers participation in its recent way (new version) is also very instructive by the process of organization, power and decision that the collective functioning of work might taise, this is one more justification for sociological research on management participation
Ghellab, Youcef. "La participation des travailleurs à la gestion de l'entreprise : bilan de l'expérience de la gestion socialiste des entreprises en Algérie." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090051.
Full textParticipation is an old idea which returns as the solution to the classical techniques of management in enterprise based upon the principles of separation between execution functions and those of conceptions. However, participation is not a simple concept, which only necessitates a modification of the "firm structure", it is a new conception of this structure, which attempts to offer to the employee the opportunity to be a full participating member in the overall decision making and functions of the company. In order to arrive at this point many conditions must be present (socialist management experience, which is the centre of this study, is interesting in this domain its research shows that it is not sufficient enough to institute the grains of participation in the firm in ordet to favourise a real participation in the process of decision making to have better social relationships and performance. In ordet to modify the image of public enterprises in algeria, the government instituted this idea ; however the experiment was doomed to failure because important conditions such as formal training facilities for employees and the lach of trade union independance were missing. . . .
Simard, Claudine. "La participation des travailleurs à une recherche en santé mentale au travail : une histoire de confiance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26138/26138.pdf.
Full textCharles, Julien. "Une participation éprouvante : enquêtes sur l'autogestion, le management participatif, la participation citoyenne et l'empowerment." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0051.
Full textIn this dissertation, we investigate a plurality of participatory situations : from a classic instance of civic participation to the contemporary forms of empowerment in California, via a long immersion in self-management and Toyota Production System (TPS)-inspired participatory management. Whereas contemporary social sciences only question participation within the narrow limits of the public sphere, we offer to open up (ethnographic) investigations to other spaces as well as to other forms of part-taking. This allows us to take into account the burden laid on participants. We also describe and analyze capacities expected from participants and then engage in the exploration of what moves them. This leads us to calling attention to the denial of vulnerability affecting the anthropology of capability inherent to classic approaches. We also focus on recording equipments in participation tests, and show they can occasionally lead to a revision of participatory dynamics. Finally, we highlight two necessary conditions of participation : on the one hand format constraints (participation is not just about being together but also requires the specification of commonizing), and on the other hand constraints inherent to its realization (since participation always is participation to something)
Arial, Marc. "Les réglages effectués et la correction de contraintes posturales, des effets d'une formation en ergonomie destinée à des travailleurs utilisant des terminaux à écran de visualisation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq26148.pdf.
Full textEfros, Dominique. "Travail, guerre et relations sociales : la participation salariée à une entreprise : technique de gestion, utopie et engagement de soi." Paris 10, 2002. https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01295467.
Full textDi, Malta Pierre-Yves. "L'appropriation des créations de salarié." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10022.
Full textThe appropriation of the intellectual creations of a wage-earner has never been the subject of any general legislation. Only the achievements, software programmes and inventions realized by a wageearner benefit from a specific regulation of appropriation. The production of a wage-earner is generally attributed to the latter through the lith of march 1957 act, only exceptionally to the employer in case of a collective achievement. Such unbalance may be levelled off by having recourse to the voluntary transfer of the achieved work. Imposed transfer, by way of signing a labour contract, remains impossible, such contract, neutral by nature, being neither attributable, nor transferable since it is resulting from the employee's labour duties to his employer. The inventions and software productions of employees are attributed to the employer when they are directly relevant to the duties of the employee, but to the employee himself when they are not directly relevant to them. A supplementary remuneration is due in the eventuality of invention pertaining to duty. Some inventions, alien to duty, are optionally attributable to the employer. The system must be improved thanks to a generalization of the extra-remuneration, to a re-definition of the categories of creation, as a result of a correct interpretation of the loyalty obligation of the wage-earner. Such system is based on some legislative fiction. Moreover, it must be reformed if one has to take into account the logic of neutrality of the labour contract regarding the achievement resulting from the labour of the wage-earner. The improved system must be generalized in contractual forms followed by legislative measures to any employee's industrial creations devoid of a specific appropriation regulation. The re-formed system ought to be generalized to all and any creation of an employee. It would ensure the balance between the different protagonists and the unification of solu
Ghellab, Youcef. "La Participation des travailleurs à la gestion de l'entreprise : bilan de l'expérience de la gestion socialiste des entreprises en Algérie." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605421n.
Full textGélinas, Jocelyne. "Les effets de la participation des travailleurs à la prise de décisions sur la manifestation des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5008/1/000611372.pdf.
Full textMayata, Mambueni. "Approche communicationnelle de conduite des changements technologiques dans les organisations : conception et évaluation de la M3CTI : méthode de conception et de conduite des changements technologiques liés à l'informatisation." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA131017.
Full textTechnological change often cause profound disruptions in the working patterns of men and organisations. These changes are reflected in new attitudes, changing organisational structures and new roles for management and staff, but also in new job content. Technological progress. Particulary computerizing, leads men to design ever larger and more complex systems. But these systems also raise numerous and complex problems of assimulation and adaptation. It is therefore necessary to master the integration of new tools into existing structures. In practice this is rarely the case. However, often because current methods are inadequate. A new generation of methods is needed for the new generation of tools. Several methods exist for implementing change, but the inadequacy of current methods led us to propose the dynastic approach, which combines the controlled change approach and the spatial dimension. The spatial dimension involves analysing the organisation, the technical system and the social system from the point of view of contenu and relations. It makes for improved understanding of the organisation and its environment, which is essential to nay controlled change. The controlled change approach also takes into account all the scientific and technical knowledge required to operate the change. It is therefore an approach in which we identify : the different issues at stake, the project design and control aspects for supervising the implentation of the systems concerned. It takes into account the culture of the organisation and bets on work organisation, safety, reliability, ergonomics, quality ans management, communication, participation, selection, training and documentation, which are all essentiel and decisive elements in controlled change. Moreover, beyond these two aspects. The "dynastic" approach makes it possible to define the target situation and enter into negociations for an active commitment of the different parties concerned, at every level in the organisation. As a " meta-methode ", over all. Dynastic is the process to elaborate and manage change in computerizing projects. Dynastic, this pratical method, has a focus in concept of management change caused by computerizing. The application of dynastic in compterizing is "m3cti". Method of conception and management technological change caused by computerizing
Reuzeau, Florence. "Assister l'évaluation participative des systèmes complexes : rôle des savoirs et savoir-faire des utilisateurs dans la conception d'un poste de pilotage d'avion." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0361.
Full textHafidi, Alaoui Moulay Smail. "L'apprentissage de la compétence interculturelle des expatriés français travaillant au Maroc dans des entreprises à participation française." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0011.
Full textCardoso, Luís Antonio. "Apres-fordisme et participation : restructuration productive contemporaine et nouvelle rationalisation du travail dans l'industrie automobile bresilienne." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EVRY0001.
Full textTeglborg, Ann-Charlotte. "Les dispositifs d'innovation participative vers une reconception réflexive à l'usage." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010085.
Full textPollak, Catherine. "Conditions de travail et transitions de fin de carrière : une comparaison européenne." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010021.
Full textLuguern, Liêm-Khê. "Les « Travailleurs Indochinois » : étude socio-historique d'une immigration coloniale (1939-1954)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0042.
Full textNZIHOU, MOUNDOUHA PATRICE Fischer Gustave-Nicolas. "LES MODES OPERATOIRES DU TRAVAIL OUVRIER ETUDE COMPARATIVE DANS DEUX BRASSERIES : KRONENBOURG POINTE-NOIRE/ KRONENBOURG STRASBOURG /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1997. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1997/Miranda%20de%20Almeida.M._Rogerio.LMZ9705.pdf.
Full textRaihani, Jawad. "Ergonomie et évaluation des risques professionnels pour accompagner le changement des entreprises des pays en voie de développement : aspects socioculturels et participation des opérateurs." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13247.
Full textWhile the principles of ergonomics, risk assessment and prevention are universal, but their implementation may not be that local student diversity and specificities of each culture. In absence of a working methodology, each company develops its way to its implementation process neglecting the social aspect. So far, there has been much more problematic to resolve through a process and a specific method. Our approach to ergonomic risk assessment and we propose is a change project and its success depends on the participation of operators, the analysis of actual situations of risk and consideration of the sociocultural aspect. The accompanying change in the ergonomic approach is a complex process. The importance of "ergonomic teams" to understand the phenomenon of participation by operators and analysis of real situations of risk for the implementation of the process. Similarly, the systems approach to culture lets characterize the different cultures to accompany the change. Our research have as a testing two Moroccan, a big industrial and mining and an SME specializing in mechanical, show that socio-cultural aspect plays an important role in the implementation of the ergonomic approach for the risk assessment
Bernard, Tiphaine. "Habiter le foyer : Approche anthropologique de la résidentialisation des foyers à travers l’ « exception » Centenaire, une résidence sociale en co-gestion à Montreuil-sous-Bois." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080095.
Full textSince 1997 and following the 1994 Pierre Pascal’s and the 1996 Henri Cuq’s reports a « treatment plan »has been implemented to modernize the « Migrants Workers' Homes ». Since the 2006 circular and thelaunch of the five-year term plans to organize this changes, a speeding up and a transformation of thishomes in social residences has been noticed.Firstly, my PHD will show the ethnographic work lead with the occupants of this homes to question betterthe terminologies usually used by the institutions and their meanings. It will show the targets of this« treatment plan » with the stories and thoughts of the occupants to focus on their representations of aproper location and their own way to include themselves. The Migrants Workers' Homes' transformations willbe compared with gates community renovation process. This policy creates tensions forcing people to moveand force themselves to follow new norms. After studying the history of fights in Migrants Workers' Homesand their transmission, the modern way of fighting in this homes will be presented. Then, starting from theanalysis of the change from autonomous organization to a shared management in Migrants Workers' Homesin Montreuil, the focus is on the risks taken by the protagonists, and on the expertise of the residents. Finally,the alternative system and the residents knowledges’ recognition of legitimacy will be analysed
Marvie, Sylvain. "Mise en perspective de la co-construction de connaissances au sein des éditeurs de logiciels de gestion : une caractérisation par observation participative." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT3029/document.
Full textThis thesis is oriented in management sciences and focuses on open innovation (OI). In pragmatic terms, open innovation aims to create value on the one hand and the means to disseminate it through the synergy of contributors to an ecosystem on the other. In more managerial and organizational terms, Information Systems (IS), their processes and their tools will help speed up the creation of value and optimize and trace the dissemination of this value. This research is based on a theoretical and empirical basis. It is based on a part of the theoretical corpus of the management of information systems linked to the problem of knowledge (Dudezert, 2013) and its construction, integrity and evaluation (Biot-Paquerot, 2013, Bidan and Godé, 2017) and then on a participatory observation approach within various entities in the phase of co-construction of knowledge through business and innovation ecosystems (Oruezabala, 2017) - EdF, Région Auvergne -Rhône-Alpes, Bee Live, etc. - and "client-pilot" approaches. This qualitative approach has enabled us to highlight results that show a great diversity of field approaches and the originality of tools such as pilots, lead users and cartographers
Amine, Samir. "Productivité, participation et chômage : l'influence des politiques publiques sur la complexité et la spécialisation des emplois." Le Havre, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEHA0015.
Full textWe study in this thesis the effects of the institutions of the labour market in an economy where the inequalities within and between skills are due to a technological bias. In a first part, we consider that this bias which takes the form of an increase in the complexity of jobs as an endogenous variable resulting from the choice of the firms and we use a matching model in which the workers are differentiated vertically by their level of qualification. In the second part, we re-study the interactions between the public policies and the technological choices of the firms within a different framework. Indeed, contrary to the first part, endogenous technological bias is considered here as an increased specialization of jobs in a matching model with an horizontal differentiation of the agents
Yamuremye, Hercule. "Contribution de pratiques de délégation concertée à l'amélioration du fonctionnement des équipes de direction : cas d'expérimentations innovantes dans de[s] PME burundaises." Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/yamuremye_h.
Full textToupin, Dominic. "Étude multidisciplinaire des débroussailleurs forestiers au Québec : intégration des mesures de l'effort du travailleur dans le système de rémunération." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21932/21932.pdf.
Full textSince 1986, regeneration areas clean by motor-manual cleaning operations has increases noticeably. However poor working conditions and a lack of recognition contribute to the problem of labor shortage in this field. Silvicultural contractors have problems attracting and conserving a stable working crew. A research project including time studies, ergonomics and economics analysis was undertaken with the aim of understanding the workload dynamic of brushsaw operators paid on a piece rate system. The worker’s behaviour and productivity in relation to incentives, site and climatic factors was studied. This research involved the participation of forty-eight brushsaw operators. A productivity model was then produced based upon forestry inventory data and time studies’ results. The proportion of the area covered by competitive vegetation (%) and the stand density (stems/hectare) were the two variables with the highest determination coefficient. An improved knowledge of workload dynamic was gained through heart rate measurements. The relationship between site factors and heart rate was evaluated. Those results about productivity and heart rate were used to evaluate workers’ behaviour. This behaviour was compared to those found in the literature. Differences were explained by piece rate incentive at a fixed rate and the worker strategy to reach a weekly income goal. The use of a variable piece-rate to compensate brushsaw operators is recommended. Also a fixed wages is recommended during the learning period to decrease workers’ discouragement.
Mendoza, Zárate Gabriel. "La fabrique de la critique : les travailleurs « sous-traités » de l'industrie électronique au Mexique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0047.
Full textThis thesis inquires into the "subcontracting" of workers by the electronics industry in Mexico and the manufacturing of labour criticism in this globalized industry. The thesis describes the global production network of the electronics industry and its location in metropolitan Guadalajara as well as the production regime of those companies; thus we can better understand the working conditions of the people hired by subcontracting agencies. Through an analysis of the living conditions imposed by such a flexible and precarious labour system this thesis accounts for the workers' practices in order to make their environment habitable and for the criticism implied in the way they describe their work. Then the enquire focuses on the workers' ordinary expressions of criticism in situations of uncertainty and conflict they encounter and on their resourcefulness with a view to enhancing their capabilities for both criticism and action. Furthermore, it describes the process leading to the foundation of the Centro de Reflexión y Acción Laboral in Guadalajara, a civilian association which receives complaints and backs up the workers' demands, as well as the shaping of a public international arena for criticism of working conditions in the electronics industry. Finally, the thesis shows that criticism may prove effective through the bringing together of the actors at different levels and the establishing of links between local and global perspectives
Van, der Vlist Samuel. "La participation des salariés à la direction de l’entreprise, étude critique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020069.
Full textThe Employees’ right to take part in the company's management is a fundamental right established by the Preamble to the Constitution of 1946. However, the legal instruments struggle to give concrete effect to this right. The analysis of its deployment highlights the shortcomings of the legal framework and the prospects in order to overcome it. These legal limitations arise throughout the employees’ participation’s legal framework: identification of the interlocutor for employees’ representatives, the decision-making process’ apprehension, the characteristics of the company within which the participation takes place, the representation and the sanction mechanisms. The lack of sharing of the manager’s power is the most prominent weakness: without this power-sharing, the realty of employees’ participation cannot be ensured. The current participatory processes are thus widely formal. Taking into account the participation’s basis highlights the need to strengthen it. The participation of the employees, which originates from the workers’ right to participate to the companies’ management, is also based on the entrepreneurial freedom. The law cannot yet recognize the fundamental value of the entrepreneurial freedom and the participation’s right without trying to truly implement it. This objective is all the more necessary that the employees’ participation to the company’s management rest on democratic symbols such as the common interest and the election
Harrami, Noureddine. "Les jeunes issus de l'immigration marocaine dans la région de Bordeaux : étude de quelques aspects de leur participation à la culture parentale." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR21015.
Full textThis work is based on relations of the younger generation descended from Moroccan families in the region of Bordeaux with the parental culture. These connections have been appreciated in terms of notions, categories and criteria which emerge from parents' practice and discourse. Observations and analysis concern three main sectors in Moroccan migrants parents' familial and social life : language, religious practice and representations field and matrimonial scope. These sectors offer a pertinent opportunity to grasp the foreseen question, as they involve the essential means parents use when measuring themselves with majority group and constitute the place of intensive family and community vigilance. This work consist of two parts : the first part concerns dynamics that plead on behalf of parental order and contents of cultural practice and representations allowed by parents. The second part concerns attitudes, representations and practice the youth have in terms of cultural elements studied in the first parts. The question was based on the relations of the youth with parental language, religious beliefs and practice, and the rules connected with young women chastity and marriage
Manville, Caroline. "Perceptions de justice et implication organisationnelle : le cas des salariés contingents." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20152.
Full textHirtz, Natalia Vanesa. "Argentine: de la révolte vers un nouveau cycle de gouvernance :l'expérience du mouvement des entreprises récupérées par les travailleurs." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209206.
Full textLa récupération des entreprises s’est développée comme une alternative à leur fermeture :les travailleurs occupent l’entreprise et relancent la production et la vente de produits. Ce mouvement surgit dans un moment historique de luttes sociales où le rapport de forces est favorable aux travailleurs, permettant le développement de pratiques en dehors du cadre déterminé par la loi. Or, la production et la commercialisation des produits ne sont pas durables sans l’obtention d’une autorisation légale. Les travailleurs s’organiseront et développeront diverses stratégies pour leur reconnaissance juridique et politique.
En dépit de l’abondante production scientifique concernant les entreprises récupérées, beaucoup d’éléments restent à examiner. La plupart des recherches se sont centrées sur deux questions majeures :l’analyse des résultats de la lutte des travailleurs, c’est-à-dire les pratiques sociales et économiques développées dans le processus productif ;et l’étude sur les stratégies politiques, souvent réduites aux actions juridiques, entamées par les travailleurs afin de récupérer l’entreprise. Mais force est de constater qu’il n’existe pas de recherches spécifiques sur le processus de lutte, de formation et de dissolution des organisations des entreprises récupérées. Dans ce sens, le mouvement des entreprises récupérées est souvent présenté comme étant un mouvement uniforme. Certes, des recherches s’intéressent aux rapports sociaux et politiques contenus dans le processus de lutte des travailleurs, mais il s’agit d’études de cas centrées sur l’analyse de certaines entreprises récupérées. L’ambition de la présente thèse est de pallier l’absence d’étude sur le processus de formation et développement du mouvement des entreprises récupérées. Elle cherche à relier l’expérience des travailleurs et celle du mouvement. Ces expériences se déroulent dans un moment historique essentiel d’institutionnalisation des organisations sociales nées durant un cycle de révolte. Notre étude cherche à déceler le processus par lequel certaines organisations du mouvement des entreprises récupérées ont participé à ces transformations (tandis que d’autres furent exclues des négociations) ainsi que l’impact de cette ouverture politique sur le mouvement des entreprises récupérées. Pour cela, nous analysons les influences réciproques sur la construction de ce mouvement :les formes de gestion, d’organisation et les relations de travail au sein des entreprises récupérées ;les trajectoires de lutte et les diverses organisations qui en résultent, en relation permanente avec l’évolution des réalités économiques, politiques et sociales spécifiques à chaque période envisagée. À cette fin, nous avons procédé à une étude extensive et intensive. L’intérêt de combiner ces approches répond à l’objectif général de cerner les rapports complexes et dynamiques qui lient ces deux niveaux d’analyse dans le processus de construction d’un acteur social. Étant donné que les analyses extensives existant avant 2010, étaient insuffisantes pour répondre à bon nombre des questions posées par cette thèse, nous avons élaboré notre propre analyse statistique. Cette démarche nous permet d’appréhender le phénomène dans son ampleur, mais elle n’est pas pertinente pour comprendre en profondeur les pratiques concrètes des travailleurs et de leurs organisations. En revanche, l’analyse qualitative, dépourvue d’une approche extensive, risque de nous enfermer sur l’étude des situations particulières sans comprendre le processus global. Ces deux démarches sont donc complémentaires. Dans ce sens, nous avons interviewé des dirigeants des diverses organisations des entreprises récupérées, des avocats et enfin des travailleurs de six entreprises récupérées. Dans trois d’entre elles, nous avons réalisé une enquête de terrain. Ces entreprises récupérées sont Brukman, Zanón et la Clinique Junín.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Srnec, Cynthia. "Participation et inter-coopération dans l'économie sociale et solidaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2111.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is to understand the participation of people in the processes of governance and the inter-cooperation within the organizations and networks of the social and solidarity economy that emerged in the city of Buenos Aires after the economic crisis of 2001 in Argentina. The interest on this purpose is supported by the foundation of networks as an adequate strategy to promote the sustainability of social and solidarity economy. These organizations have grown quantitatively and qualitatively since the local crisis of 2001. An interactionist sociological approach is adopted to analyse the participation of members on its own framework of action and under power relations in organizations. Participation is understood in this dissertation as a social practice that is not restricted to the involvement in the governing bodies of the organization. Principally, participation has been analysed, at the individual level, by exploring the motives of action in the organizations of the actors as well as in their work spaces. This dissertation is presented in three sections. In the first part, the conceptual framework that guided the analysis on labour, identity and organizational dimensions around the participation at an individual, group and organizational-institutional level is presented. The relevance of the term of governance for self-managed organizations is discussed and the antecedents of the social and solidarity economy relevant to this topic are outlined. This section justifies the selection of the qualitative approach and choice of a case study of four organizations as well as the technique of participant observation. The second part introduces the two cases of networks of organizations (organizational networks) that emerged in 2006: a network of worker-recovered companies and a fair-trade network composed of artisan self-managed ventures linked to social movements. In the third part, two worker recovered companies -converted to worker cooperatives in 2002- are analysed in order to understand participation in grassroots organizations that constitute their job site. The analysis of these four cases made it possible to compare and contrast the participation practices of the actors, their connection with their productive activity, management and power relations. In relation to the structure of the organizations, the comparative study of the cases has discerned that neither the size nor the type of governance structures are an incentive nor a barrier to the commitment and participation of the members. The actors, both individual and collective, are restricted or promoted to participate according to their status in the cycle of life, their resources and their particular projects. But these conditions of departure do not explain the concrete participation, which will acquire a specific form according to their profile and the web of power relations in force in the organization that results in the stratification of the members. The research carried out has led to the conclusion that the participation of people associated in organizations, networks and cooperatives, is not explained either as an automatic response to ideals or for the benefits. On the contrary, participation is the result of a network of relationships between the conditions of organizations, the particular situations of the actors and their needs in a socio-historical context. The challenges identified around participation and consensus in governance as well as the maintenance and control of management are not the result of scarce resources and an unfavorable political context, but rather of the complex of the internal relations of power and their conditions for the integration of the membership and their participation
En esta investigación se propone, como objetivo general, comprender la participación de las personas en los procesos de gobierno e inter-cooperación en las organizaciones y redes de la economía social y solidaria que surgieron en Buenos Aires tras la crisis económica de 2001 en Argentina. El interés por este objeto se justifica en que la conformación de redes de organizaciones constituye una estrategia adecuada para promover la sostenibilidad de la economía social y solidaria que ha crecido cuantitativa y cualitativamente desde el 2001. Para ello se propone un enfoque de la sociología interaccionista sobre la participación de los miembros centrado en el marco de su acción bajo relaciones de poder en diferentes niveles de estas organizaciones. La participación es entendida en este trabajo como una práctica social que no se restringe a la intervención en los órganos de gobierno de la organización. La participación ha sido analizada explorando los móviles de la acción de los actores en las organizaciones y en sus espacios de trabajo. La presentación de este trabajo de investigación se subdivide en tres partes. En la primera parte se expone la discusión de la propuesta conceptual que guio el análisis sobre las dimensiones laborales, identitarias y organizacionales en torno a la participación a un nivel subjetivo, grupal y organizacional-institucional. Se discute la pertinencia del término de gobernanza para las organizaciones autogestionadas y se reseñan los antecedentes de la economía social y solidaria relevantes para este tema. En esta parte se justifica la selección del enfoque cualitativo y la estrategia metodológica que se ha basado en un estudio de caso de cuatro organizaciones y en la técnica de la observación participante. La segunda parte introduce los dos casos de redes de organizaciones que surgieron en 2006: una red de empresas recuperadas y otra red de comercio justo compuesta por emprendimientos autogestionados artesanales vinculados a movimientos sociales. En la tercera parte se analizan dos empresas recuperadas por sus trabajadores y constituidas en cooperativas de trabajo en el 2002 a fin de comprender la participación en organizaciones de base que constituyen la fuente laboral de sus asociados. El análisis de estos cuatro casos ha permitido comparar y contrastar las prácticas de participación de los actores, su vinculación con la actividad productiva, la gestión y las relaciones de poder. En busca de facilitar una mirada transversal se ha elaborado una tipología de cuatro perfiles de participación (participativo, crítico, simpatizante e indiferente) que muestra los diferentes comportamientos de compromiso y contribución a pesar de que varias personas comparten identidades y condiciones personales y organizacionales. En relación con la estructura de las organizaciones, el estudio comparativo de los casos ha permitido discernir que ni el tamaño ni el tipo de gobierno son un aliciente ni tampoco una barrera para el compromiso y la participación de las personas. Los actores, tanto individuales como colectivos, se hallan restringidos o promovidos para participar de acuerdo con su estado en el ciclo de la vida, sus recursos y proyecto particular. Pero estas condiciones de partida no explican la participación concreta, la cual adquirirá una forma específica de acuerdo con su perfil y la trama de relaciones de poder vigente en la organización que se traduce en la estratificación de los miembros. El trabajo realizado ha llevado a concluir que la participación de las personas asociadas a organizaciones, y redes y cooperativas, no se explica ni como una respuesta automática a ideales (no es exclusivamente una acción militante) ni por los beneficios recibidos (no es un simple interés instrumental). Por el contrario, la participación es resultante de un entramado de relaciones entre las condiciones de las organizaciones, de las situaciones particulares de los actores y de sus necesidades en un contexto socio-histórico
Richard, Peter. "La participation des usagers au processus de conception créative de solutions de mobilité. Pratiques, impact et préconisations." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080035.
Full textMobility is nowadays one of the main concerns of citizens and governments. One possible way to explain these difficulties to solve mobility problems would be that real problems of transportation users would be not (or weakly) accounted in the design of new transportation systems. In this perspective, user participation in design projects is increasingly practiced since a few decades. It is motivated by the idea that users have a better knowledge of their own needs and then may contribute to develop innovative solutions. However it is necessary to propose some tools to optimize the users’ contributions to creative design process, and then necessary to identify the nature as well as the levers and barriers to user participation in this process. In the three studies we conducted, we observe that users mainly contribute to creative co-design process by supplying information about their real needs and expectations. However, in order to really account these needs and expectations, it is necessary to tool up creative design with a method which allows to take advantage of the contributions of each participant and to give users a decision-making power equivalent to that of experts. Furthermore, the development of virtual reality software may constitute a lever for creative co-design, in so far as it stimulates the generation of solutions. Moreover, virtual reality allows creating new environments to develop users’ skills to project themselves in a near future and then imagine more creative solutions
Audibert, Vincent. "Les coopératives forestières : Comment concilier la démocratie économique et la démocratie industrielle. Étude de cas de Charlevoix-Est et du Bas-Saguenay." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29827/29827.pdf.
Full textBonne, Catherine. "La participation syndicale à la gestion environnementale des entreprises : entre responsabilité et utopie. Le cas de la CFDT et la CGT (1970--2002)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED026/document.
Full textThis thesis intends to highlight, thanks to a longitudinal study, a double paradox between union, management and environment. The process that has enabled unions and more precisely confederations to gain legitimacy about environmental issues since the 1970's was reconstructed based on trade-union archives. In reply to the absurdities of society and owing to the responsibility for the employees they defend, confederations set up union environmental policies. These policies, despite being irregular, are a support to activist actions to protect jobs, working conditions (health, safety) and personal life conditions of workers. Their expertise, partly outshined by other powerful actors, allows them to often be proactive with institutional decision-makers especially in order to have a legal framework favourable to a dialogue concerning the environment. That's how they participated in the creation of the first sustainable development report in 2001. Beyond the construction of a union history, this thesis contributes to the definition of the concept of participation in management and environmental management (Richard, 2012)
Barcellini, Flore. "Conception de l'artefact, conception du collectif : dynamique d'un processus de conception ouvert et continu dans une communauté de développement de logiciels libres." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350212.
Full textL'apport méthodologique de ce travail consiste à analyser des traces contextuelles d'un processus de conception du projet Python, le Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP), et ceci dans des perspectives synchronique (centrée sur des discussions en ligne PEPs) et diachronique (centrée sur l'évolution d'une proposition PEP dans les trois espaces d'activité). Nous avons adopté une méthodologie originale combinant des analyses structurelles des listes de discussion du projet, l'une orientée usage et l'autre orientée conception (p.ex. représentation des discussions) à des analyses de contenu de ces listes (p.ex. activités collaboratives de conception), ainsi que des analyses des traces des espaces de documentation et d'implémentation et des entretiens.
Concernant l'organisation de la conception de l'artefact dans les trois espaces d'activité, nous montrons que la liste orientée usage et la liste orientée conception sont spécialisées, en termes de phases du processus de conception et d'activités qui y ont lieu. De même, nous montrons les relations qui lient les actions dans les listes (espace de discussion) avec les actions dans les deux autres espaces d'activités (implémentation, documentation). Les discussions de conception sont focalisées et marquées par des moments d'échange quasi-synchrones, traduisant la présence de règles implicites encadrant les discussions. Enfin, la répartition des activités collaboratives de conception et des séquences d'activités est similaire à celle mise en évidence dans d'autres études concernant les réunions de conception en face à face.
Concernant ce qui constitue le collectif de conception, nous montrons que la communauté des concepteurs de Python est constituée de réseaux de conception locaux associant des membres provenant de diverses communautés d'utilisateurs, autour d'un noyau dur de développeurs. Dans ce collectif de conception, la participation est basée sur les rôles effectivement tenus par les participants, plus que sur leurs statuts (utilisateurs vs. développeurs). Notre analyse montre que les rôles cognitifs (génération-évaluation de solutions de conception) et épistémiques (clarification) sont pris en charge par l'ensemble des participants, y compris les utilisateurs. Des profils de participants spécifiques apparaissent néanmoins. Le chef de projet et les personnes proposant les nouvelles fonctionnalités (les champions) ont un profil d'animateur du processus de conception, caractérisé par un rôle de coordination, par un rôle interactif (gestion de l'interaction) central dans les discussions, et parfois par un rôle socio-relationnel (relations interpersonnelles). Des profils d'acteurs d'interface, articulant usage et conception, apparaissent comme des participants clés pour la performance du processus de conception. Ils se caractérisent par un rôle interactif basé sur la participation croisée, entre les listes orientées usage et conception, et une position centrale dans les discussions. Ils ont également un rôle épistémique basé sur des apports de connaissances spécifiques quant aux domaines d'application de la conception, et enfin un rôle de soutien du champion de la proposition.
Ces résultats peuvent fonder la spécification d'outils permettant de favoriser la participation aux projets LOS, en dépassant diverses barrières (p.ex. coût temporel d'intégration dans un projet) et en soutenant la construction et le maintien de la conscience du projet (conscience du processus de conception et conscience sociale).
Raineri, Nicolas. "L'échange social dans les relations au travail : trois études sur les comportements citoyens des employés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26007.
Full textCette thèse par articles étudie les comportements citoyens des employés à l’aune de la théorie de l’échange social. Deux domaines de recherche contemporains, émergeants et sous-exploités ont été identifiés : celui des études sur les différences intergénérationnelles, et celui des études sur l’écologisation des entreprises. Le premier article examine si l’appartenance à un groupe générationnel, celui des baby-boomers versus celui de la génération X, influence les relations entre le soutien perçu de l’organisation et des collègues, l’engagement envers l’organisation et les collègues, et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Bien que les membres de la génération X semblent moins disposés à échanger des attitudes et comportements positifs en retour du soutien de leur employeur, les résultats indiquent qu’il existe davantage d’affinités que de différences entre les deux cohortes. Le deuxième article étudie l’interaction de facteurs individuel (i.e., les croyances environnementales personnelles) et organisationnels (i.e., le soutien perçu de l’organisation et du superviseur envers l’environnemental naturel), sur l’engagement environnemental et les comportements d’éco-citoyenneté organisationnelle des employés. Les résultats valident la plupart de nos hypothèses mais indiquent qu’il n’y a pas d’effet de synergie entre les déterminants individuel et organisationnels. Au contraire, notre étude montre que la politique environnementale d’une entreprise semble plus susceptible d’avoir un écho sur les employés possédant des croyances environnementales personnelles faibles. Le troisième article examine l’influence d’échanges sociaux multiples au travail (les relations respectives entre le soutien perçu de l’organisation, du superviseur, et des collègues, et l’engagement envers l’organisation, le superviseur, et les collègues) sur les initiatives éco-citoyennes des employés. Les résultats indiquent que les éco-initiatives sont davantage influencées par les relations avec les collègues de travail, tandis que les relations avec l’organisation et le superviseur jouent un rôle indirect. Les implications théoriques et managériales de chaque article sont discutées.
Jacob, Marie-Rachel. "Entre travail et organisation : les individus en action dans l’entreprise : une enquête sur la collaboration entre salariés et travailleurs extérieurs dans une grande entreprise." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100100/document.
Full textBridging work and organization studies, the dissertation analyzes changing workforce in the workplace due to the rising use of nonstandard arrangements. Previous research shows that the current organizational theory is based on inadequate conceptions of work inherited from industrial era. Today, the use of nonstandard work arrangements is very common. This leads to a blend of regular workers and nonstandard workers in the same work situation. As individuals don’t formulate the blending way of performing activities, we observe that a collective action remains possible even if the workers' legal statuses are different. As a consequence, a direct observation is needed to sort out the issue of the collaboration of regular workers and nonstandard workers in a firm’s workplace in order to understand how collective action happens. The “composite team” expression could describe this kind of collective action occurring in a specific organization involving people whose statuses differ. The firm does not disappear by integrating people from other organizations; it acts as an integrator of modular units composed by a composite team. The individuals play a role beyond their legal status in the workplace, depending on a repertoire built from professional experience
Bresson, Maryse Chantraine-Demailly Lise. ""Le précaire et le militant"." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/353.
Full textSynthèse des travaux. N° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 433. Résumé. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 204-214. Notes bibliogr. Liste des publications et communications.
Fontaine, Idriss. "Essais sur les dynamiques du marché du travail." Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0056/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at understanding labor market dynamics. In order to shed light on the mechanisms at the origin of labor market stocks, e.g. the unemployment rate, this thesis studies flows of workers. Indeed, changes in stocks hide a perpetual movement of worker flows between labor market states. When some individuals are finding a job, some others are losing their, while others are withdrawing from participation. To take into account all these alternatives, this thesis proposes applied studies, based on survey data, but also theoretical analyses, based on modern macroeconomic models. The four essays of this thesis suggest that non-participation and return to job are dominant in explaining French unemployment variations. It is also shown that, in terms of worker flows, paths are multiples and depend on individual own characteristics: “unskilled” workers accumulate difficulties on the labor market; women have lower chances of participating when their family size increases. At a macroeconomic level, this thesis shows that worker flows responses to aggregate shocks differ according to their origin. Moreover, the economic environment has a direct impact on worker flows. Times of uncertainty, characterized by a high level of unpredictability, change the behavior of economic agents. As search activities have a lower probability to be successful, fewer individuals move from non-participation to participation
Trupia, Dilara. "Une ethnographie de l'innovation ouverte : le cas de "La Cantine Numérique"." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2022.
Full textTo innovate innovation. This is the idea of open innovation, which is declared - as soon as it is formalized in the management sciences - as the “new imperative for creating and profiting from technology”. Presented first and foremost as a new management paradigm, this notion covers very varied definitions and realities depending on the actors, who are increasingly seeking out its organizational modes. This dissertation focuses precisely on this search for new models that are built neither within companies, nor only by innovation collectives, but through physical places that emerge in digital worlds to act in the in-between, as third spaces to the latter. We intend to show that this permanent research, far from being random, is organized beyond an assembly of management tools, by modes of action and representation that are constituted within these places, in a situated way, also in the form of new practical and relational conventions of cooperative work. In an empirical approach, we propose to study these places through an ethnographic immersion in the experience of La Cantine, the first co-working space to emerge as the centre of digital innovation in Paris, managed by a business association, Silicon Sentier. Initiated as a participant observation in 2010, the survey was conducted between 2011 and 2014 on three fronts: the place, open innovation dispositifs and intermediation work carried out at the boundaries of heterogeneous worlds. The description follows the way in which a particular approach of open innovation emerges in the course of the institutionalization trajectory of the place (Part 1), through its material dimension and hybrid framing modes (Part 2), as well as through the intermediation work carried out by its staff (Part 3). This dissertation mobilizes a plurality of theoretical frameworks to analyze each of these aspects: an ecological approach of social worlds, a situationist approach of frames and framing and finally, an interactionist approach of cooperative work. By articulating these approaches, we finally propose a conclusive study that makes it possible to broaden the scope of the reflection built within La Cantine, when open innovation dispositifs are disseminated in the world of organizations. This expansion makes it possible to characterize these “boundary-dispositifs” by a permanent movement of framing and overflowing, of common structure and interpretative and organizational flexibility, of formalization and destabilization through which the principles of cooperation originated in digital worlds can not only be translated into the interaction order, but also institutionalized in worlds that are increasingly distant as well
Deslée, Carine. "Transformation d'une routine organisationnelle : le cas de l'innovation participative à la SNCF." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12004/document.
Full textThe aim of this research deals with Participative Innovation, a new way of managing which can be termed a routine as Pent.land and Feldman (2003) understand il (2003). The literature considers the ostensive and performative aspects of'the routmes. We wlll rely on. the methodology recommended by Barley and Tolbert (1997). From a theorical wiewpomt this doctoral study is concerned with the possible transformation of an organisational routine, and Il IS re!ate~ to recent .works (Feldman, 2000 ; Feldman and Pentland, 2003).This is how we word our research : How can an organisatlonal routine be transformed and support the evolution of piloting an organisation? The example of Participative Innovation with SNCF. The question of the transformation of firms such as SNCF is particularly interesting in the present context of opening to competltion. After describing Part!cipative Innovation from an ostensive point of view and identifying basic routines corresponding to Participative Innovation, we wIll explam how thls routme evolved along its history. Wilh this in view, once the scripts of PartIcIpatIve Innovation are made clear, we will get interested in the analysis of the ostensive aspects of this routine that enable us to explam Its transformatlon in the course of time
Domette, Lauriane. "Les dispositifs de discussion sur le travail : conception pour l’usage, conception dans l’usage." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1236/document.
Full textThis research deals with “Work Discussion Spaces”. Work Discussion Spaces (WDSs) are currently developed, both in practice and in theory. This thesis further reflects upon the design of these spaces, the methodology of their implementation, their conditions of use and their sustainability over time. It also examines their implications for management, participation and decision-making.The thesis builds upon the constructive ergonomics approach, aiming to open it to the management approach. The aspiration of constructive ergonomics is to develop “enabling organizations”, that is to say organizations which are able to develop themselves by creating a space for work discussions, thus permitting the growth of both the individual and the collectives. Management science develops the idea of a governance model “open to discussion” at every level of the hierarchy, thus permitting subsidiarity (i.e. decision-making at the lowest relevant level of the hierarchy). This thesis then defends the idea that enabling a sustainable debate in the workplace requires to apprehend Work Discussion Spaces in the light of activity issues, following bottom-up dynamics, while promoting institutional support for the discussion, with a more top-down logic.To that end, four situations of use of Work Discussion Spaces were studied in two social protection organizations, in a bank institute and at “La Poste”. The Work Discussion Spaces that were implemented were considered as “artifacts”, designed for use by designers and adapted in use by its users. In order to identify the various forms given to and taken by them, their evolution was studied following two different temporal scales: from one company to the other, and within two companies.Results show that, according to situations, Work Discussion Spaces were accommodated in different ways, emphasizing the importance of adapting modalities of discussion to local specificities. WDSs enabled regulation of work situations and have challenged some traditionally top-down managerial cultures, initiating an evolution towards a more participatory and subsidiary management style. In order to guarantee their sustainability, the Work Discussion Spaces need both to organize the “discussion space”, in particular by organizing subsidiarity, and to rely on an intervention that takes into account the specificity of each activity, following a participatory and voluntarist design approach
Queriaud, Celia. "Dynamiques d'interventions des ergonomes dans le champ du maintien dans l'emploi de salariés malades chroniques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0332/document.
Full textKeeping a chronically ill person at work is a highly complex situation, considering itsimplications in professional, legal, and social implications as well as those related to theprivate sphere. These situations involve a multitude of stakeholders who communicate inmore or less efficient ways. Consultants in ergonomics are occasionally called on to act uponthis multidimensional object that is subject to many contingencies that involve timeconstraints, delays, and unforeseen events. In this research work, we have modelled theprocess of “maintaining in employment” based on the time frames (the window of ergonomicintervention and the episode of “intervention for maintaining in employment”) and the timelapses (the long-term histories of the employee and of the company) involved. Using threemain methods of analysis (self-analysis of interventions, simulations of interventions andobservations of other ergonomists), we were able to characterize the effective and subtlemanagement of temporal aspects by the ergonomist operating within this specific context ofintervention. This management implies specific dynamics of intervention, alternatingprocesses of understanding and action. Ergonomists act in the “here and now”, but also gobeyond the constrained framework of their window of intervention. They aim to gain controlover each of these temporal dimensions, through a process of active construction of theirrepresentations. In order to maintain the workers involved in sustained employment in thebest possible way, they will attempt to reduce, or even prevent the dyschronies betweenthese different dimensions, and to promote constructive connections between them