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1
Kučera, Pavel. "Ergonomie práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199584.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis deals with ergonomics. The aim of the thesis is identifying risks arising from abusing ergonomics principles. Then make recommendations that would improve the working conditions and environment of the company, thereby increase employee satisfaction and efficiency of the production process. For ergonomic analysis has been selected Kolin plant Lear Corporation Ltd. The thesis consists of theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part provides basic information about ergonomics. To evaluate ergonomics in chosen company the analytical part uses sort of questionnaires and checklists. Conclusion provides recommendations based on obtained results.
2
Campos, Lívia Flávia de Albuquerque. "Avaliação de forças manuais em atividades simuladas com indivíduos adultos brasileiros de diferentes gêneros e faixas etárias : aspectos do design ergonômico. -." Bauru : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89752.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luis Carlos PaschoarelliBanca: José Carlos Plácido da Silva
Banca: Fernando Moreira da Silva
Banca: Ana Beatriz de Oliveira
Banca: João Cândido Fernandes
Resumo: O design ergonômico tem por objetivo minimizar os problemas na interface Homem X Tecnologia e, para isto, baseia-se em metodologias de avaliação de usabilidade, as quais são aplicadas ainda durante o desenvolvimento do projeto do produto. Entre as interfaces de demanda ergonômica destacam-se os instrumentos manuais, cuja ausência de usabilidade pode favorecer o surgimento de problemas de ordem biomecânica, desconforto e insatisfação no usuário. Dentre estas interfaces, encontram-se as maçanetas para portas e os volantes de metais sanitários, nos quais nem sempre são levados em consideração os aspectos de segurança, eficiência, conforto e efetividade, tendo sobrelevados os aspectos estéticos e simbólicos. As variáveis de interesse neste tipo de interface envolvem as forças manuais que resultem em torque (rotação), bem como o gênero e idade. O objetivo desse estudo foi a avaliação e análise física do torque, em diferentes atividades manuais simuladas, por grupos de sujeitos adultos brasileiros, do gênero masculino e feminino, e de diferentes faixas etárias. Esta pesquisa, de caráter experimental, avaliou 180 indivíduos (18 a 29 anos=30 masculino e 30 feminino); utilizou um transdutor de torque além de outros instrumentos complementares para a coleta de dados. Os métodos e técnicas aplicados basearam-se no atendimento aos critérios e recomendações biomédicas e éticas. A análise de dados baseou-se em estatística descritiva e contou com a aplicação de testes para verificação das diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados apresentam dados que demonstram a influência dos desenhos dos objetos no acionamento das interfaces de acionamento manual considerando-se os diferentes gêneros e faixas; e caracterizam-se por apresentar importantes informações aos projetos das interfaces, adequando-as aos limites e capacidades musculoesqueléticas dos diferentes grupos de sujeitos
Abstract: The ergonomic design aims to minimize the problems in the interface Human x Technology and for this, it is based on usability evaluation methodologies, which are applied during the development of product design. Among the iterfaces of ergonomic demand are the hand tools, which lack of usability can contribute to create biomechanics problems, discomfort and dissatisfaction in the user. Among these interfaces, there are the doorknobs and handle faucets, with frequency, the safety, efficiency, cmfort and effectiveness aren't considered, and the aesthetic and symbolic aspects area more valued. The variables os interest in this type of interface involves: the torque strengh, the gender and age. The aim of this study was the evaluation of torque strengh at different simulated hand activities by groups of adult Brazilian males and females of different age groups. This research evaluated 180 subjects (18-29 years = 30 masculino and 30 feminino; 30- 55 years = 30 masculino and 30 feminino; over 55 years = 30 masculino and 30 feminino); a torque transducer and other complementary tools were used for data collection. The methods and techniques applied were based on the biomedical and ethics recommendations. The data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and included the application of tests for verification of significant differences. The results show the influence of the object's design in the torque strengh, considering the different genders and age groups. This information is very important to hand tools design, adapting it to the limits and capacibilities musculoskeletal of different groups of subjects
Mestre
3
Klapetek, Václav. "Posouzení ergonomie výrobního stroje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442863.
Full textAbstract:
The Master’s thesis addresses the issue of ergonomics. The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the current ergonomic state of the production line with the subsequent detection of ergonomic risks, the use of various assessment methods and comparison with legislative requirements. After defining the deficiencies, corrective actions are proposed, leading to their elimination and reduction of work intensity. The ergonomic analysis was performed within Tyco Electronics Czech s.r.o. The analytical part follows up on, in depth, the theoretical part of the work, where all its aspects are listed in addition to the introduction of ergonomics as a scientific discipline.
4
Pomering, Amy. "Tattoo machine ergonomics." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172131.
Full textAbstract:
Detta projekt gick ut på att undersöka ergonomiska problem med tatueringsmaskiner som finns på marknaden idag, att generera koncept om hur att förbättra problemen, och att sedan utveckla de koncepten i form av ritningar, CAD modeller och fysiska modeller. Processen börjades med att framföra en grundlig marknadsundersökning. Det som ingick i marknadsundersökningen var en infosökning, en kundundersökning i form av en enkät som skickades till tatuerare, och ett självtest av två olika tatueringsmaskiner. Resultaten som togs fram från marknadsundersökningen var att de största ergonomiska problemen var ljudnivå, vibrationsnivå, maskinvikt och balans, problem med grepp, och sladdkontroll. Områdena delades upp i tre olika problemgrupper vars fokus blev: tatueringsmaskin (apropå ljud, vibration och maskinvikt), greppet, och sladdkontroll. Genom en konceptgenereringsprocess togs fram tre nya produkter: en tatueringsmaskin som reducerar ljud- och vibrationsnivån och är enkelt att rengöra, ett silikon grepp som dämpar vibration och ger tatuerare ett bekvämt och återanvändningsbart alternativ, och ett silikon armband som reducerar viktpåverkan på handleden och eliminerar frustrationer om sladdkontroll. De tre koncepten blev utvalda på grund av att de presenterade de bästa lösningarna till ergonomiska problemen som kom fram via marknadsundersökning och dessa försäljningsmöjligheter. De slutliga koncepten presenterades sedan i form av en presentation och fysiska modeller på KEXPO utställningen.This project was based on completion of an analysis of ergonomical problems with tattoo machines that exist on the market today, the generation of concepts to improve the situation, and the development of new concepts in the form of sketches, CAD models and physical models. The process began by completing a thorough market analysis. This was done via an information study, a customer survey in the form of a questionnaire that was sent to several tattoo artists, and a self-test in which two different tattoo machines were studied. The result of this analysis showed that the major ergonomic problems had to do with noise level, vibration level, machine weight and balance, poor grip ergonomics, and problems with cord control. These issues were then divided into problem focus areas, that is: tattoo machines (as to problems with noise, vibration and weight), grip, and cord control.Through an extensive concept-generation process, three different solutions were developed: a light-weight tattoo machine which decreases noise- and vibration-levels and made sanitization simple, a silicone grip which dampens vibrations and presents a comfortable and reusable alternative, and a silicone bracelet which reduces poor ergonomic effects on the wrist and eliminates frustration due to poor cord control. These three concepts were chosen due to the fact that they represented the best possible solutions to the ergonomic problems that were found during market research and because of their sales potential. They were then shown in the form of a presentation and physical model at the KEXPO exhibit.
5
Ganança, Adriana da Silva. "Assento adaptável para pessoas com paralisia cerebral e seqüela de escoliose : aplicando ergonomia por meio do design - num estudo de caso /." Bauru : [s.l.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89765.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luis Carlos PaschoarelliBanca: José Carlos Plácido da Silva
Banca: Nuno Miguel Lopes de Oliveira
Resumo: O presente estudo apresenta uma alternativa de aplicação dos princípios do design ergonômico no projeto e avaliação de uma assento modular com regulagem vertical, buscando prevenir e minimizar os problemas decorrentes do desvio da coluna vertebral do tipo escoliose: uma das principais seqüelas da paralisia cerebral (PC). A revisão bibliográfica abordou as relações entre design, ergonomia e fisioterapia, bem como os procedimentos de reabilitação da pessoa com PC, particularmente os meios tecnológicos de tratamento da escoliose. Os objetivos do estudo envolveram a intervenção projetual com a aplicação dos princípios do design ergonômico, e a aplicação e validação de técnicas clínicas e fisioterapêuticas na avaliação da usabilidade de assentos especiais para reabilitação. Aspectos éticos foram considerados na abordagem com 3 indivíduos portadores de PC e escoliose, sendo que um deles utilizou um assento adaptado com regulagem vertical, e os demais fizeram uso de assento comum. Os procedimentos das avaliações envolveram diferentes formas de abordagem e profissionais, com avaliações pré e pós-uso do produto, num intervalo de 90 dias. Os resultados indicaram melhorias psico-sociais, ortopédicas, neurológicas e clínicas do usuário do assento adaptado, sendo que a avaliação da biofotogrametria computadorizada indicou uma melhora significativa (p '< OU =') 0,01) nas condições posturais da coluna vertebral. Tais resultados comprovaram a eficiência da adaptação proposta no produto; uma nova alternativa na avaliação de usabilidade de produtos para a reabilitação; além da conseqüente melhoria na qualidade de vida das pessoas com necessidades especiais.
Abstract: This study presents an alternative application of the principals of ergonomic design, using this project and its evaluation of a vertically regulated modular chair, seeking to prevent and minimize the problems caused by the curvature of the spine such as scoliosis: one of the main consequences of cerebral palsy (CP). The bibliographical sources used approached the relationship between design, ergonomics and physiotherapy, as well as the procedure of rehabilitation of people with CP, particularly the technological methods of treating scoliosis. The objectives of this study involve the intervention of this project with the application of the principals of ergonomic design, and the application and validation of clinical and physiotherapeutic techniques in the evaluation of the use of special seating for rehabilitation. Ethical aspects were considered in the approach used with theree individuals with CP and scoliosis: one of them used the vertically regulated chair and the others the standard chair. The evaluation procedures involved a variety of methods of approach and different professionals, with pre and post use product evaluation, during a period of ninety days. The results showed psychosocial, orthopedic, neurological and clinical improvements to the adapted chair user: "Computerized Biophotogrammetry" evaluation showed significant improvement (p '< OU =') 0,01) in the spinal posture condition. Such results prove the efficiency of the proposed product adaptation; a new alternative in the evaluation of the use of the product for rehabilitation; and, consequential improvement to the quality of life of people with special needs.
Mestre
6
Semensato, Cassiana Brosque. "Análise ergonômica e intervenções nos postos de trabalho de operadores de caixa de supermercado (checkout) /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96262.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luiz Gonzaga Campos PortoBanca: Maria Helena Borgato
Banca: Renato Crivellari Creppe
Resumo: O ambiente de trabalho deve favorecer o bom desempenho das atividades dos colaboradores, pois reflitirá na produtividade e na lucratividade da empresa. Por isso, o conhecimento de técnicas ergonômicas, tem gerado muitos benefícios tanto para o empregado quanto para o empregador. Estas adequações permitem reduções nos custos e vão desde o cumprimento das normas da NBR-17, até diminuição de afastamentos de trabalho por doencas de esforço repetitivo ás melhorias ambientais que atingem diretamente a produtividade. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e analisar as condições ergonômicas que interferem nas atividades laborais dos operadores de caixa, analisando os agentes ergonômicos pertinentes à atividade desenvolvida, visando à melhoria das condições operacionais e organizacionais de suas atividades. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, realizou-se a análise ergonômica dos postos de trabalho de um supermercdo visando o conforto dos trabalhadores conforme determina a NR-17 - Ergonomia, através de dois Laudos Ergonômicos. Para avaliação dos postos de trabalho, dividiu-se a pesquisa em três etapas: na primeira etapa realizou-se a avaliação dos postos de trabalho dos operadores de caixa (checkout), através de um Laudo Ergonômico, buscando as intervenções ergonômicas necessárias, na segunda etapa, foram passadas as orientações da NR-17 para a compra dos novos checkouts. E na terceira e última etapa, foi feito o segundo laudo para a análise destes novos checkouts, para confirmação do objetivo inicial, que era o cumprimento das normas regulamentares. Neste estudo quase todos os critérios da NR 17 foram cumpridos em relação ao posto de trabalho (checkouts), porém este estabelecimetno está de acordo com o cronograma imposto pelo Anexo I da NR17
Abstract: The work environment should favor the good performance of the employees activities, because will reflect in the company productivity and profitabililty. Therefore, knowledge of ergonomic techniques, has generated many benefits for both the employee and the employer. These adjustments lead to reductions in costs, ranging from the norms of NBR17, even a reduction in absences from work due to diseases of repetitive stress the environmental improvements that directly affect productivity. This study aims to identify and analyze ergonomic conditions that interfere in the labor activities of cash operators, analyzing the ergonomic agents relevant to the activity performed, aiming at the improvement of operational and organizational activities. In developing this work, carried out the ergonomic analyzis of the positions work of a supermarket to ensure the comfort workers as require the NR-17 - Ergonomics, through two Ergonomic Reports. For the evaluation of jobs, the survey was divided into three stages: the first step was conducted to evaluate the jobs in cashiers (checkout) through an Ergonomic Report, seeking the necessary ergonomic interventions in second stage, were passed the guidelines of the NR17 to purchase the new checkouts. And in the third and final stage, it was made the second report to examine these new checkouts, to confirmation the initial goal, which was the fulfillment or regulation standards. In this study almost all the features of NR was implemented regarding to the jobs (checkouts), but this property is consistent with the timeline imposed by Annex I of NR17
Mestre
7
Campos, Livia Flávia de Albuquerque [UNESP]. "Avaliação de forças manuais em atividades simuladas com indivíduos adultos brasileiros de diferentes gêneros e faixas etárias: aspectos do design ergonômico. -." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89752.
Full textAbstract:
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O design ergonômico tem por objetivo minimizar os problemas na interface Homem X Tecnologia e, para isto, baseia-se em metodologias de avaliação de usabilidade, as quais são aplicadas ainda durante o desenvolvimento do projeto do produto. Entre as interfaces de demanda ergonômica destacam-se os instrumentos manuais, cuja ausência de usabilidade pode favorecer o surgimento de problemas de ordem biomecânica, desconforto e insatisfação no usuário. Dentre estas interfaces, encontram-se as maçanetas para portas e os volantes de metais sanitários, nos quais nem sempre são levados em consideração os aspectos de segurança, eficiência, conforto e efetividade, tendo sobrelevados os aspectos estéticos e simbólicos. As variáveis de interesse neste tipo de interface envolvem as forças manuais que resultem em torque (rotação), bem como o gênero e idade. O objetivo desse estudo foi a avaliação e análise física do torque, em diferentes atividades manuais simuladas, por grupos de sujeitos adultos brasileiros, do gênero masculino e feminino, e de diferentes faixas etárias. Esta pesquisa, de caráter experimental, avaliou 180 indivíduos (18 a 29 anos=30 masculino e 30 feminino); utilizou um transdutor de torque além de outros instrumentos complementares para a coleta de dados. Os métodos e técnicas aplicados basearam-se no atendimento aos critérios e recomendações biomédicas e éticas. A análise de dados baseou-se em estatística descritiva e contou com a aplicação de testes para verificação das diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados apresentam dados que demonstram a influência dos desenhos dos objetos no acionamento das interfaces de acionamento manual considerando-se os diferentes gêneros e faixas; e caracterizam-se por apresentar importantes informações aos projetos das interfaces, adequando-as aos limites e capacidades musculoesqueléticas dos diferentes grupos de sujeitos
The ergonomic design aims to minimize the problems in the interface Human x Technology and for this, it is based on usability evaluation methodologies, which are applied during the development of product design. Among the iterfaces of ergonomic demand are the hand tools, which lack of usability can contribute to create biomechanics problems, discomfort and dissatisfaction in the user. Among these interfaces, there are the doorknobs and handle faucets, with frequency, the safety, efficiency, cmfort and effectiveness aren't considered, and the aesthetic and symbolic aspects area more valued. The variables os interest in this type of interface involves: the torque strengh, the gender and age. The aim of this study was the evaluation of torque strengh at different simulated hand activities by groups of adult Brazilian males and females of different age groups. This research evaluated 180 subjects (18-29 years = 30 masculino and 30 feminino; 30- 55 years = 30 masculino and 30 feminino; over 55 years = 30 masculino and 30 feminino); a torque transducer and other complementary tools were used for data collection. The methods and techniques applied were based on the biomedical and ethics recommendations. The data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and included the application of tests for verification of significant differences. The results show the influence of the object's design in the torque strengh, considering the different genders and age groups. This information is very important to hand tools design, adapting it to the limits and capacibilities musculoskeletal of different groups of subjects
8
Ganança, Adriana da Silva [UNESP]. "Assento adaptável para pessoas com paralisia cerebral e seqüela de escoliose: aplicando ergonomia por meio do design - num estudo de caso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89765.
Full textAbstract:
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O presente estudo apresenta uma alternativa de aplicação dos princípios do design ergonômico no projeto e avaliação de uma assento modular com regulagem vertical, buscando prevenir e minimizar os problemas decorrentes do desvio da coluna vertebral do tipo escoliose: uma das principais seqüelas da paralisia cerebral (PC). A revisão bibliográfica abordou as relações entre design, ergonomia e fisioterapia, bem como os procedimentos de reabilitação da pessoa com PC, particularmente os meios tecnológicos de tratamento da escoliose. Os objetivos do estudo envolveram a intervenção projetual com a aplicação dos princípios do design ergonômico, e a aplicação e validação de técnicas clínicas e fisioterapêuticas na avaliação da usabilidade de assentos especiais para reabilitação. Aspectos éticos foram considerados na abordagem com 3 indivíduos portadores de PC e escoliose, sendo que um deles utilizou um assento adaptado com regulagem vertical, e os demais fizeram uso de assento comum. Os procedimentos das avaliações envolveram diferentes formas de abordagem e profissionais, com avaliações pré e pós-uso do produto, num intervalo de 90 dias. Os resultados indicaram melhorias psico-sociais, ortopédicas, neurológicas e clínicas do usuário do assento adaptado, sendo que a avaliação da biofotogrametria computadorizada indicou uma melhora significativa (p '< OU =') 0,01) nas condições posturais da coluna vertebral. Tais resultados comprovaram a eficiência da adaptação proposta no produto; uma nova alternativa na avaliação de usabilidade de produtos para a reabilitação; além da conseqüente melhoria na qualidade de vida das pessoas com necessidades especiais.
This study presents an alternative application of the principals of ergonomic design, using this project and its evaluation of a vertically regulated modular chair, seeking to prevent and minimize the problems caused by the curvature of the spine such as scoliosis: one of the main consequences of cerebral palsy (CP). The bibliographical sources used approached the relationship between design, ergonomics and physiotherapy, as well as the procedure of rehabilitation of people with CP, particularly the technological methods of treating scoliosis. The objectives of this study involve the intervention of this project with the application of the principals of ergonomic design, and the application and validation of clinical and physiotherapeutic techniques in the evaluation of the use of special seating for rehabilitation. Ethical aspects were considered in the approach used with theree individuals with CP and scoliosis: one of them used the vertically regulated chair and the others the standard chair. The evaluation procedures involved a variety of methods of approach and different professionals, with pre and post use product evaluation, during a period of ninety days. The results showed psychosocial, orthopedic, neurological and clinical improvements to the adapted chair user: Computerized Biophotogrammetry evaluation showed significant improvement (p '< OU =') 0,01) in the spinal posture condition. Such results prove the efficiency of the proposed product adaptation; a new alternative in the evaluation of the use of the product for rehabilitation; and, consequential improvement to the quality of life of people with special needs.
9
Nilsson, Filip. "Upper body ergonomics in virtual reality : An ergonomic assessment of the arms and neck in virtual environments." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139801.
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In Virtual Reality (VR), the body is often used as input in VR, having a healthy working posture is important for long session in VR. To assess how severe different interaction methods are for the body, user tests was done in VR. 14 people participated and tested six manipulation controls which operate in different ways. Their hands' and neck's position and orientation was measured throughout the test, and from this data characteristic body postures for each control setup was chosen. These were evaluated with RULA. How great the wrist angle is can have an effect on the severity of the posture. Also whether or not the arm is to the side or across the midpoint of the body should be taken into consideration.When accounting for both the hands and neck, one of these have to come outside their comfortable zone if the hands are supposed to be seen by the user in VR.
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Neiva, Andréa Geiger. "Análise do processo de implementação de um comitê de melhorias das condições de trabalho em uma instituição pública de saúde." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-03052012-123527/.
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Nesta dissertação analisa-se, através da metodologia de pesquisa-ação, a implantação, entre os anos de 2007 e 2010, de um comitê de melhorias das condições de trabalho e saúde dos trabalhadores, ancorado na ergonomia da atividade e que tinha por objetivo modificar políticas e processos de um hospital escola público do Estado de São Paulo. Os objetivos deste estudo são de identificar que fatores facilitam e quais dificultam a implementação de um comitê permanente de melhorias das condições de trabalho ancorado na abordagem da ergonomia da atividade em uma instituição pública de saúde e quais elementos são necessários para sua permanência. Para alcançar estes objetivos, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido com base no referencial teórico da ergonomia da atividade, da vigilância epidemiológica e de pesquisas realizadas sobre a implantação de comitês de ergonomia. Os resultados obtidos são então comparados com os encontrados por outros estudos descritos na literatura e demonstra-se a importância de previamente definir claramente os objetivos e o papel do comitê e também suas relações com outras instâncias da instituição. Mostra-se ainda, a necessidade de que o comitê disponha de autoridade para tomar decisões e que seja composto por executivos de níveis hierárquicos elevados e também por funcionários do nível operacional para o desenvolvimento de novos processos e políticas que leve em consideração as atividades reais de trabalho. Neste sentido, foi evidenciado, a necessidade da real apropriação da abordagem ergonômica pelos níveis de decisão de forma a inserir critérios ergonômicos nas linhas estratégicas da instituição. Foi também demonstrado, a necessidade de incentivar os funcionários através da informação constante das atividades já realizadas pelo comitê e da demonstração do apoio por parte da superintendência. Apresentam-se igualmente nesta dissertação, uma análise da condição política e pública da instituição e sua influência na implementação do comitê, os limites da presente pesquisa e perguntas que acreditamos serem relevantes para futuros desenvolvimentos.In this study, using the methodology of action-research we analyze the implementation between 2007 and 2010 of a committee based on the approach of activity-oriented ergonomics. The objective of this committee was to improve workers health and working conditions, through the modification of policies and processes in a public teaching hospital of São Paulo state. This study aimed at identifying what factors facilitate and which ones hinder the implementation of a permanent committee for improvement of working conditions based on the activity-oriented ergonomics approach in a public health institution. In addition, it aimed at identifying what elements are necessary to ensure its permanence. To achieve these objectives, the present study was developed based on the theoretical background of activity-oriented ergonomics, epidemiological surveillance, and on researches performed on the implementation of ergonomics committees. The results demonstrate the importance of clearly defining the objectives and the role of the committee and its relations with other sectors of the institution. They also show the need for the committee to have decision making authority, to include the presence of senior executives but also of employees from the operational level in order to develop new processes and policies that take into account the real work activities. In this sense, it was highlighted the need for real ownership of the ergonomics approach from the highest levels of the institutions hierarchy in order to insert ergonomics criteria in the strategic lines of the institution. It was also shown the need to encourage employees through continuous feedback from activities already undertaken by the committee and the need for a clear and visible support from management. In this study, we also present an analysis of the institutions public and political nature and its influence on the implementation of the committee, the limits of this research and questions that we believe are relevant for future developments.
11
Morais, Filho Antonio Gerson de Moura [UNESP]. "Análise das forças impostas no solo e no assento durante o movimento de levantar com diferentes alturas de assento de cadeira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97103.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o movimento de levantar de uma cadeira com três alturas pré-estabelecidas tendo como parâmetro de altura do assento os ângulos de 75, 90 e 105 graus nas articulações dos joelhos. Participaram 23 voluntários, (10 mulheres e 13 homens): idade média de 24,91 anos, estatura média de 1,70 m e peso corporal médio de 64,55 kgf. Duas plataformas de força mediram as forças de reação na posição sentada e durante o movimento de levantar, uma no assento da cadeira e outra no solo. Estabeleceram-se várias correlações entre as variáveis (peso corporal, altura, idade, e índice de massa corporal), entre as forças medidas e entre os tempos dos eventos. Foi evidenciado em toda a amostra que na medida em que se diminuía a altura do assento, maior foi a força aplicada ao solo para realizar o movimento de levantar. Diferenças na distribuição de peso entre assento e solo na posição sentada estática foram encontradas entre o assento que colocava os joelhos em 75° com a altura que os colocava nos outros dois ângulos. Não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas das médias dos valores de força e tempos no levantar comparados entre os sexos. Também não houve diferenças significativas entre as variáveis e os dados adquiridos nas plataformas.
The aim of this work was to study the raising movement of a chair with three preestablished heights having as parameter of height of the seat the angles of 75, 90 and 105 degrees in the knee joints. Twenty three volunteers had participated, (10 women and 13 men): mean age of 24,91 years old, mean height of 1,70 m and mean body weight of 64,55 kgf. Two force plates had measured the reaction forces in the seated position and during the raising movement, one in the chair’s seat and the other in the floor. It was established several correlations between some variables (body weight, height, age, and body mass index), between measured forces and between the events times. It was evidenced in all the sample that as soon as the seat’s height decreased, greater was the force imposed to the floor to make real the raising movement. Differences in the weight distribution between seat and floor in the static seated position has been found between the seat that placed the knees in 75° with the height that placed it in the others two angles. There were not significant differences in the statistics of the load average values and times in the raising compared between the genders. Also they had not had significant differences between the variables and the data acquired in force plates.
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Sroka, Angelica. "The IKEA Industry way of ergonomic risk assessment : Development of a global standard for ergonomic risk assessment." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75264.
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In 2018 IKEA Industry, the largest producer of wood-based furniture for IKEA customers presented their sustainability strategy for Financial Year 2025. In Health & Safety, they want to minimize ergonomic risks at their factories. To be able to understand what risks the factories contain, the first step is a common ergonomic risk assessment methodology. Because of a lack of knowledge in ergonomics at IKEA Industry, the responsibility was laid on this master thesis project. This project has with the help of interviews, surveys and observations found what needs the factories have in ergonomic risk assessment. A literature review also found things that the factories should have but haven´t asked for. Using benchmarking, several common methods used on the market has been summarized and analyzed by the requirements. Three methods, KIM, RAMP and HARM were chosen to be tested by the factories. In a user test, it was clear that KIM was easiest to use. HARM was eliminated because of the lack of evaluating lifting and pushing movements. To choose between KIM and RAMP they were evaluated in terms of the requirements. The results showed that KIM was the best method for IKEA Industry factories. At some places RAMP had good assessment methods. In order to not ignore these, they have been implemented into KIM to make it suit the factories even better. The result ended up in a document called Global standard of ergonomic risk assessment. The method is divided into three different methods depending on if you have lifting/ carrying work, pushing work or repetitive work. The results are then summarized in a chart that shows what needs to be investigated. This project has also with the help of the literature and the analysis of the factory, decided which roles that will participate in the assessment. The suggestions are manager, ergonomist and a production co-worker. With the help of this method, the factories will be able to understand what ergonomic risks they have. They will only need to evaluate the work tasks with the help of this method and will then be presented all high, medium or low ergonomic risks in the factories to minimize these before FY2025.2018 presenterade IKEA Industry, världens största möbeltillverkare, deras hållbarhetsstrategi inför finansiella året 2025. Inom Hälsa & säkerhet vill dem minska sina ergonomiska risker på fabrikerna. För att förstå vilka risker som finns har dem kommit fram till att skapa en bedömningsmetod som är gemensam bland fabrikerna. Då företaget har en brist i kunskap inom ergonomi har företaget valt att lägga över ansvaret på detta exjobb. Detta projekt har med hjälp av intervjuer, enkäter och observationer kommit fram till vad för behov fabrikerna har vad gäller ergonomisk riskbedömning. Med litteratur har även andra behov hittats som anses behövs men fabrikerna har inte insett behovet. För att hitta metoder har det genomförts en benchmarking där flera av de mest vanliga och erkända ergonomiska riskbedömningsmetoder har sammanfattats. Dessa metoder har sedan analyserats med hjälp av behoven och KIM, RAMP och HARM blev utvalda. Dessa har sedan testats av fabrikerna med hjälp av ett användartest. Resultatet visade på att KIM var enklast att användas. HARM valdes även bort på grund av dess brist i bedömning av lyft och drag. För att kunna välja vilken metod som passar IKEA Industry bäst bedömdes KIM och RAMP med avseende på de olika krav som sattes upp. Här visade det sig att KIM var den mest lämpade metoden för IKEA Industry. Då KIM ibland hade brister i bedömningen som RAMP var bättre på valdes det att lägga in vissa delar från RAMP för att komplettera KIM. Resultatet blev ett dokument vid namn ”Global standard inom ergonomisk riskbedömning”. Metoden är uppdelad i tre olika metoder beroende på om lyftarbete, drag/skjutande arbete eller repetitivt arbete skall bedömas. Resultaten är sedan sammanfattade i en tabell som visar vilka områden som behövs undersökas. Projektet har även med hjälp av teori och analys av fabrikerna kommit fram till vilka roller som skall deltaga i ett bedömningsarbete. Förslaget blev slutligen, ansvarig chef, ergonom och en produktionsarbetare. Med hjälp av denna metod skall fabrikerna kunna förstå vad för risker dem har i fabrikerna. Dem kommer endast behöva använda dokumentet, utvärdera och sedan få information om alla höga, medium och låga risker för att minimera dessa innan FY2025.
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Williams, Claire. "In search of ergonomics expertise." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11819.
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In order to achieve the title 'Registered' or 'Certified', ergonomists undergo lengthy training and certification processes to demonstrate their membership of the profession. However, there has been little study to date on what skills, in particular, are required to be expert as an ergonomics advisor. There is some opinion that the 'softer' skills (such as active listening and empathy) which are key to client-advisor relationships do not generally form part of ergonomics taught courses, whereas the 'harder' knowledge content and technical skills do. Furthermore, in some ergonomics arenas (particularly in the physical domain) other non-ergonomist professionals such as Health and Safety Advisors, Occupational Health Advisors and Physicians, Physiotherapists, Occupational Therapists, and Specialist Fumiture Suppliers, also apply ergonomics principles. Rather than the tertiary ergonomics education of the ergonomists, many of these other professionals will undertake short course ergonomics training or leam 'on the job'. This begs the question 'will they all be delivering the same 'product', containing the same message, of the same quality and with the same goals?' In other words, are there qualitative and quantitative differences in ergonomics expertise between ergonomists and others in the field?
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Woodcock, Andree. "Supporting ergonomics in concept design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7532.
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OLIVEIRA, GIUSEPPE AMADO DE. "ERGONOMICS APPROACH ON PEDESTRIAN CROSSING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15114@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORtese é sobre o comportamento de risco adotado pelos pedestres em travessias com sinalização semafórica. Observou-se que muitos pedestres arriscam-se ao atravessar a movimentada Av. Presidente Vargas. Esta via localizada no Centro da cidade do Rio de Janeiro possui intenso tráfego de veículos e fluxo de pedestres. Muitos transeuntes atravessam as quatro pistas da avenida de forma arriscada ao não obedecerem à sinalização indicada pelo semáforo. Para conduzir esta pesquisa sobre o processo de travessia de pedestres em vias semaforizadas, utilizou-se um modelo desenvolvido por pesquisadores norte-americanos – Wogalter, Dejoy e Laughery (1999) – conhecido como Modelo de Comunicação-Processamento Humano da Informação – C-HIP Model. Este modelo organiza de forma seqüencial, através de sete estágios, como a informação é transmitida por uma fonte, recebida e processada pelo usuário com o propósito de direcioná-lo a adotar um comportamento seguro e comprometido com o conteúdo da sinalização. Investigando-se a partir dos estágios do modelo C-HIP, através de métodos e técnicas apropriados para cada estágio, identificaram-se quais fatores são contribuintes para que o pedestre desobedeça à sinalização de trânsito e adote um comportamento de risco em travessias semaforizadas. Os principais métodos utilizados foram observação e inquirição. Observações sistemáticas foram feitas para investigar a relação entre atenção do pedestre e o seu comportamento. A escala de avaliação foi aplicada para investigar a relação entre educação no trânsito, convicções, motivação e comportamento do pedestre. A compreensão dos elementos gráficos e pictóricos nas travessias semaforizadas foi estudada através do Teste de Compreensão (ISO 9186). Os dados foram tratados e analisados a partir de métodos da estatística inferencial (Correlação de Pearson e Qui-Quadrado) e, posteriormente, realizouse entrevista semi-estruturadas para colher informações que não seriam possíveis através de métodos quantitativos. Considerou-se que o pedestre tem a orientação familiar como a principal forma de contato com a educação no trânsito, que possui uma crença otimista sobre sua capacidade de avaliar o momento certo de atravessar a via e que a pressa é um dos principais fatores a motivá-lo a desobedecer às normas de trânsito. Identificou-se que os pedestres utilizam majoritariamente a faixa de rolamento para veículos como fonte de informação e que os homens arriscam-se mais que as mulheres no processo de travessia. Os resultados também mostraram que o nível de aceitação da simbologia utilizada na travessia com sinalização semafórica está de acordo com o índice estipulado pela norma ISO 9186. Concluiu-se que o pedestre mais confiante na sua capacidade de julgamento e/ou mais apressado na caminhada pela Av. Presidente Vargas tem a tendência a comportar-se de maneira mais arriscada durante o processo de travessia. Por fim, nos desdobramentos da pesquisa, incentivou-se o pesquisador em design a utilizar o Modelo C-HIP para investigar o processo de comunicação entre a sinalização e o receptor na sua totalidade, levando-se em conta os fatores internos (convicções e motivações) do usuário.
This thesis is about the risk behavior adopted by pedestrians at crosswalks with traffic light equipament. It was observed that many pedestrians take risk to cross the Presidente Vargas Avenue. This avenue is located in downtown in Rio de Janeiro city and has a heavy vehicular traffic and intense pedestrian flow. Many pedestrians cross the four lanes of avenue dangerously disobeying the traffic light indications. To conduct this research about pedestrian s behavior at crosswalks, a model developed by American researchers - Wogalter, Dejoy and Laughery (1999) - known as Communication-Human Information Processing Model - C-HIP Model was used. This model is organized sequentially in seven stages. The initial stages are about how information are transmitted by a source and the intermediary and final stages allow to investigate how a person receives and processes the message in order to be committed to adopt a desired behavior. Investigating the stages by C-HIP model perspective, using methods and techniques for each stage, enabled to identify which factors can contribute to pedestrians to disobey traffic signs and adopt a risky behavior in pedestrian crossing. The main methods applied observation and inquiry techniques. Systematic observations were made to investigate the pedestrians’ attention and their behavior. Rating Scale were applied to investigate how are related the pedestrians’ traffic education with their beliefs, motivations and behavior. The comprehension of graphic elements were studied through the test of graphical symbols (ISO 9186). The data were processed and analyzed using methods of inferential statistics (Pearson s correlation and Qui-squared). Later, seven respondents took part in a semi-structured interview session to gather information that would not be possible through quantitative methods. It was considered that the main contact form with traffic education was orientation coming from family. The pedestrians have an optimistic belief about their capacity to evaluate the right time to cross the lanes and the hurry is one of the main motivating factors for disobeying traffic law. The results showed that pedestrians use mostly as source of information coming vehicles from the lanes and the men behaved in a more insecure way and observed the lanes more than women. The female pedestrians observed ahead (pedestrian traffic light) and respected more the traffic light indications than men. It was revealed that the acceptance s level of the crosswalks and traffic light s symbols is accepted by the ISO 9186 index. It was concluded that the pedestrian more confident in their ability to evaluate the crossing moment or who is hurried has a tendency to take risk while crossing the avenue. Finally, it was suggested future studies in graphic design with C-HIP model approach to investigate the whole communication process.
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Ahern, Stacey. "Applying ergonomics to dental scalers." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6848.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Malgorzata J. Rys
The current state of the dental industry shows an increasing number of dentists and dental hygienists who are reducing hours and retiring early due to the injuries sustained while working. These injuries, or cumulative trauma disorders, can be reduced by applying ergonomics in dental tool design. The goal of ergonomics is to reduce current injuries but also prevent future ones. In addition, population demographics have shown an increasing trend in female dentists. With a shift from the male dominated field, design for different anthropometric measurements needs to be investigated. In order to pinpoint sources of pain, a survey was designed and distributed to dentists in Kansas, Missouri, and Texas. Even with a small sample size (n=24), results confirmed past studies in the dental industry of pain originating in the neck, shoulder, lower back, and wrist/hand region. The reasons stemmed from the repetitive motions and forces applied during dental procedures. Responses also found that ergonomic principles need to be applied to the handle and grip portion of dental scaler design. Dental scaling is the procedure to remove deposits on teeth, such as plaque and calculus, most commonly performed by dental hygienists. First, the history of dental tools, angulation, tool weight, and materials currently utilized were researched before looking into specific design factors for modification. Currently, the handle grip area on all dental tools range in size, but a 10 mm grip has been proven to be optimal. The optimal tool weight has yet to be determined as 15 grams is the lowest weight to be tested. Most tools are made of stainless steel and resins, which are not compressible. An experiment was designed to test a new dental scaler (A) made of a titanium rod with added compressibility in the precision grip area. The aim was to help reduce pressure on the fingers and hand muscles and increase comfort during scaling. The experiment utilized a Hu-Friedy sickle scaler (B) and a Practicon Montana Jack scaler (C) as controls to show two design spectrums, weight and material. The subjects (n=23) were taught the basics of scaling and required to scale using a typodont. The change in grip strength (Δ GS), pinch strength (Δ PS), and steadiness of the subjects hand were tested. An absolute and relative rating technique was utilized pinpointing that the new dental scaler was preferred with the eigenvector (A=0.8615, B=0.1279, C=0.0106). Statistical analysis confirmed this tool preference while also finding the interaction of gender and tool and Δ GS Tool A versus Tool B for males to be significant.
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Karali, Sukru. "Vehicle ergonomics and older drivers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19121.
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There is a growing population of older people around the world and the population of older drivers is increasing in parallel. UK government figures in 2012 reported that there were more than 15 million people with a driving license aged over 60; more than 1 million of these were over 80. The aim of this thesis is to determine the requirements of older users for an improved driving experience leading to recommendations for the automotive industry. Initially it was necessary to understand some of the key issues concerning the driving experiences of older drivers; therefore a questionnaire survey of drivers of all ages (n=903) was conducted supplemented by interviews with drivers aged ≥ 65 years (n=15). Areas covered included: musculoskeletal symptoms, the vehicle seat, driving performance and driving behaviour. Respondents reported that they were dissatisfied with adjusting specific seat features, for example the head rest height and distance from the head; females reported more difficulty than males. Reaching and pulling the boot door down to close was difficult for 12% of older females. Older males and females also reported more difficulties with parallel parking and driving on a foggy day than younger drivers (p < 0.01). Nearly half of the sample (47%) reported that other drivers lights restrict their vision when driving at night. An in depth study was conducted to compare participants own vehicle (familiar) and a test vehicle (unfamiliar) to understand how design of the vehicle cab impacts on posture, comfort, health and wellbeing in older drivers (n=47, ≥ 50 years). The study involved functional performance assessments, seat set-up process evaluation (observations and postural analysis), ergonomics and emotional design based evaluations of car seat controls. Many issues were identified related to the seat controls such as operating, accessing, reaching and finding, particularly for the head rest height and lumbar support adjustments. Approximately 40% of the participants had difficulty turning their head and body around to adjust the head rest height, and the majority of these were over 80. This led to a series of workshops (including a participatory design exercise) with 18 participants (4 groups, ≥ 65 years).The aim was to explore the optimum positioning and operation of controls for older drivers. This research has provided foundational data and makes design recommendations for the automotive industry with a focus on making seat controls more inclusive (operation, location, type, size, colour and materials) and meet the requirements of older drivers.
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Engström, Anders, and Jalmar Gustavsson. "Ergonomi vid armeringsarbeten : En studie om möjliga förbättringar i arbetsmiljön vid armeringsarbeten." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26262.
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Injuries and sick-leave is a common feature for reinforcement workers today. This is mainlydue to the fact that reinforcement work is done in an exposed environment with many stressfactors and highly repetitive work. These operations are often carried out in unsuitableworking positions, these positions creates a major burden on the bones and joints and causesmicro- damages on muscles. With repetitive work these injuries are not given time to healproperly and will gradually become worse.The body will not be able to handle the stress of working in a work environment such as thisand musculoskeletal disorders can be a result of this. The injury will make itself known aspain in the musculoskeletal system and causes reduced movability; the injured worker willtherefore not be able to perform the same work tasks as before. The worst case scenario willbe long sick-leave that result in early retirement of the employee.In the current situation early retirement is something that affects 630 construction workers andthere is nothing to suggest that reinforcement workers would be under-represented in thiscategory, on the contrary. This issue will become worse now that the next generation ofreinforcement workers will have a lower basic physics than those before them. Therefore theyare more sensitive to just stress related injury such as musculoskeletal disorders. That is whyit is important now more than ever to find the problem areas and identify them. Failure to doso can lead to reinforcement workers not being able to work until their full retirement age. Itis in the employees, the company and the state's interest to ensure that all workers are able towork to full retirement age when sick leave results in high costs for all parties.The authors have therefore investigated if the use of precut and bent reinforcement and extraservices improve working conditions in the construction site. The authors have alsoinvestigated how the reinforcement process should be designed to prevent work-relatedinjuries and aids that are available at the workplace. To investigate this, the authors startedwith a literature study that included reinforcement, ergonomics and work-related injuries.When the authors felt that they had a sufficient foundation was Thomas Eriksson at CelsaSteel Service contacted and site visits booked. Workplace observations were carried outaccording to the PATH method with complementary interviews.The authors have concluded that the workplace provides aids so that work can be performedin an ergonomic way. However the reinforcement workers choose themselves to perform thework without the aids provided because they say that some aids slow them down. The authorshave perceived a low level of knowledge about ergonomics among the reinforcement workers,this leads to that the workers don’t consider the consequences of bad ergonomic which resultin improper work execution and work-related injuries. The authors also concluded that ahigher degree of prefabrication of reinforcement used results to improve the workingenvironment, even the use of extra services such as color-marked reinforcement, color-sortedreinforcement and timed deliveries contribute to a better work environment.Skador och sjukskrivningar är ett vanligt inslag i armeringsmontörer arbetsmiljö. Detta berorfrämst på att armeringsarbeten utförs i en utsatt arbetsmiljö med många belastningsfaktoreroch mycket repetitivt arbete. Dessa arbetsmoment utförs ofta i olämpliga arbetsställningar,ställningarna skapar stora belastningar på skelett och leder samt orsakar mikro skador imusklerna. Vid repetitivt arbete ges inte skadorna tid nog för att läka ordentligt utan förvärrasmed tiden.Vid långvarigt arbete i en arbetsmiljö som detta orkar inte kroppen med, detta gör sig märkthos den skadedrabbade genom smärtor i rörelseorganen. När någon drabbas av enbelastningsskada kan det leda till att montören behöver begränsa sina arbetsuppgifter, i värstafall kan det resultera i långa sjukskrivningar och förtidspension för den anställda.I dagsläget går årligen cirka 630 byggnadsarbetare i förtidspension, det finns inget som tyderpå att armeringsmontörer skulle vara underrepresenterade i denna kategori snarare tvärtom.Nu när nästkommande generation kommer ut i arbetslivet blir det viktigare att finna enlösning på detta problem då denna generation har en 10 % sämre grundfysik än tidigare. Ominte detta görs kan de leda till att inga armeringsmontörer kommer klara av att arbeta tillspensions ålder. Det ligger i den anställda, företaget och statens intresse att se till att alla klararav att arbeta till full pensionsålder då sjukskrivningar och förtidspension leder till högakostnader för samtliga parter.Författarna har därför undersökt om användningen av iläggningsfärdig armering ochmervärdestjänster förbättrar arbetsmiljön på arbetsplatsen, författarna har även undersökt hurarmeringsprocessen bör vara utformad för att undvika arbetskador och om hjälpmedel somfinns tillgängliga på arbetsplatsen används. För att undersöka detta började författarna meden litteraturstudie där de fördjupade sig bland annat i armering, ergonomi och arbetsskador.När författarna ansåg att de hade en tillräcklig grund att stå på kontaktades Thomas Erikssonpå Celsa Steel Service och platsbesök bokades, på arbetsplatserna utfördes observationerenligt PATH metoden med kompletterade interjuver.Författarna har kommit fram till att arbetsplatser tillhandahåller hjälpmedel så att arbetet kanbli utfört på ett ergonomiskt sätt. Dock så väljer montörerna själva att utföra arbetet utan vissahjälpmedel som de anser medför ett långsammare arbetsutförande. Författarna har uppfattaten låg kunskap om ergonomi bland armeringsmontörerna vilket leder till att montörerna tarkonsekvenserna allt för lättsinnigt och som följd uteblir ”korrekt” arbetsutförande. Författarnahar även kommit fram till att desto högre prefabricerings grad av armering som användsförbättras arbetsmiljön för montörerna, även förekomsten av mervärdestjänster bidrar till enförbättrad arbetsmiljö.
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Menin, Mariana [UNESP]. "Antropometria das extremidades dos membros inferiores de obesos: parâmetros para o desing ergonômico de calçados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89694.
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menin_m_me_bauru.pdf: 2582375 bytes, checksum: 9ac80bce611d113caf77acd4193372ba (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O homem moderno faz uso de calçados por aproximadamente 8 horas/dia e, quando este produto é inadequado aos aspectos biomecânicos e antropométricos das extremidades dos membros inferiores (EMI's), podem ocorrer desconfortos ou lesões. Alguns estudos têm sido desenvolvidos no Brasil sobre ergonomia e usabilidade no design de calçados, entretanto, entre os vários aspectos a serem explorados, destaca-se a necessidade de adequação antropométrica deste produto. Os calçados devem ter dimensões e formatos próprios para a realidade das diferentes categorias populacionais como, por exemplo, a qual apresenta uma maior carga física nas EMI's e, portanto, está mais propensa ao surgimento ou agravamento de doenças nesta região. São poucas as pesquisas sobre a antropometria de obesos e inexistem aquelas que tratam especificamente de dados referentes às dimensões das EMI's desses indivíduos. É importante ressaltar que esta faixa populacional vem crescendo em todo o mundo nos últimos anos, o que demanda o desenvolvimento de produtos especializados, a partir de critérios ergonômicos mais precisos. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento antropométrico das EMI's de indivíduos obesos e não obesos, utilizando-se para isso de procedimentos metodológicos sistematizados, permitindo analisar as diferenças entre estes indivíduos. Foram coletados dados de percepção de conforto no uso de calçados e 30 variáveis antropométricas das EMI's de 84 sujeitos adultos, sendo 42 obesos e 42 não obesos de ambos os gêneros. Os resultados afirmam que as duas faixas populacionais aqui comparadas encontram dificuldades em adquirir calçados e, também, que ambas sentem desconforto ao utilizá-los. Quanto às variáveis antropométricas, 17 apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa, particularmente nas dimensões relacionadas às circunferências...
The modern man uses shoes for about 8 hours per day, and when this product is inappropriate to anthropometric and biomechanical aspects of the lower limbs extremities, discomfort and/or diseases can happen. Some studies about usability and, however, among the various aspects to be explored, there is the need anthropometric adaptation for this product. The shoes must have own size and own shape to reality of ergonomic in shoes designing have been developed in Brazil different population categories, such as the population of obese people, which has a greater physical burden on lower limbs extremities and therefore it's more prone to the occurence or worsening of diseases in this region. The are few researches about anthropometry of obesity and there are no ones that specifically deal data related to the size of these individuals' lower limbs extremities. It's important to not that this population is growing up in the whole whole world last years, which demands the development of specialized products, from more accurate ergonomic criterion. Therefore, this stufy aims to achieve an anthropometric survey of non-obese and obese individual's lower limbs extremities, using systematic methodological procedures, allowing analyzing the differences between these individuals. Data on perceptions of comfort was collected using shoes and 30 anthropometric variables of 84 adult people'lower limbs extremities, divided into 42 obese and 42 non-obese patients of both genders. The results affirm that both compared population have difficulties to bye shoes, and also that they fell uncomfortable to use them. About anthropometric variables, 17 showed statistically significant difference, particularly in the dimensions related to circles. Thus it demonstrates the real need of the application of ergonomic design and anthropometric data of obese people in the modeling and desegning shoes.
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Kamusella, Christiane. "Digitale Ergonomie-Tools zur Berücksichtigung ergonomischer Aspekte im Produktentstehungsprozess." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-228110.
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Gesetzliche Vorschriften verlangen bei Konstruktion und Inverkehrbringen von Maschinen die Beachtung einer wachsenden Anzahl von Normen und Richtlinien. Zunehmend spielt ebenso die Einhaltung ergonomischer Standards sowohl für den Gesetzgeber als auch für die Kunden eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Die Umsetzung dieser Forderungen gestaltet sich für Konstrukteure durch die Vielzahl von Vorschriften in unterschiedlichsten Quellen schwierig, insbesondere in kleinen und mittelständischen Unternehmen.
Die ergonomiegerechte Konstruktion von Maschinen wird in Zukunft, unabhängig von der Unternehmens- und Auftragsgröße, ein wichtiger Erfolgsfaktor für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit jedes Unternehmens im Maschinenbau sein. Konstrukteure stehen insbesondere vor der Aufgabe, Gesundheitsrisiken für das Bedienpersonal frühzeitig zu erkennen, Belastungssituationen abzuschätzen, ergonomische Problembereiche zu identifizieren und mit geeigneten konzeptuellen Lösungen zu begegnen. Dafür spielen Ergonomiebewertungen innerhalb von Risikoanalysen eine entscheidende Rolle. Ergonomiegerecht konstruierte Maschinen bieten marktrelevante Vorteile für den Hersteller. Neben der Reduzierung von Folgekosten durch Nachrüsten, Service und Support spielt die erhöhte Kundenzufriedenheit eine wichtige Rolle.
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Fernandes, Sarah Moreira. "Software : o esquema de uma ferramenta de análise ergonômica /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96267.
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Orientador: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos SantosBanca: João Candido Fernandes
Banca: Jair Rosas da Silva
Resumo: As atividades laborais deixaram, com o passr do tempo, de ser apenas repetitivas e se tornaram multifuncionais. Além disso, com a prática do trabalho, a estrutura do ambiente e as exigências feitas no ambiente de trabalho têm provocado cada vez mais afastamentos e até mesmo aposentadorias por invalidez. Foi em meio a essa situação que entra a ergonomia, que utiliza em sua análise ergonômica vários meios de suporte, sendo destacado, os softwares. Porém estes foram feitos na década de 80 a 90 e as atividades laborais vêm sofrendo mudanças constantes. Mediante a essas situações, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de propor um esquema de um novo software de análise ergonômica, que possa ser utilizado por diversos profissionais. Para tal, foram expostas as seguintes situações: breve histórico da ergonomia; alguns softwares de análise e suas divergências quanto às opiniões de sua eficiência; os profissionais de diversas áreas do conhecimento que podem atuar na ergonomia; as patologias associadas ao trabalho. Após esses levantamentos bibliográficos, fica proposto então esquema de um novo software de análise ergonômica. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de mostrar fato que se faz necessário avançar para a produção de um novo software que possa ser utilizado por diversos profissionais e para diferentes tarefas no ambiente de trabalho
Abstract: Let work activities over time to just be repetitive and become multifunctional, more over, with thw work practice, the structure of the environment and the demands made in the workplace have led to more absences and even by pension disability. Amid this situation, which comes to ergonomics, ergonomics in the software is used for ergonomic analysis. But these were made int he 80 to 90 and work activities has been undergoing constant change. Through these situations, this research arises in order to propose a scheme for a new ergonomics analysis software that can be used by various professionals in the field of knowledge. This will set out the following: A brief history of ergonomics, some analysis software and their differences in the opinions of its effectiveness; professionals in several areas of knowledge that can act on ergonomics, the pathologies that are associated with the work. After these literature survey will then proposed a new scheme if software ergonomics analysis. The aim of this study is to show that it is necessary to proceed to the production of new software that can be used by various professionals and for different tasks in the workplace
Mestre
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Almeida, Simone Formigoni. "Análise de fatores ergonômicos na colheita florestal mecanizada com ênfase na exposição humana às vibrações mecânicas." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256854.
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Orientadores: Roberto Funes Abrahão, Mauro José Andrade TeresoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T17:40:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_SimoneFormigoni_M.pdf: 5379139 bytes, checksum: fb6b1d345b6c3d48606e4bfd88ec9a8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A colheita florestal mecanizada tem sido objeto de estudos ergonômicos no Brasil e no exterior, onde as pesquisas focam na avaliação de aspectos dimensionais e de usabilidade das máquinas de colheita disponíveis no mercado, visando a melhoria dos projetos e da segurança e saúde dos operadores. Entretanto, ainda são poucas as pesquisas direcionadas ao operador em particular e aos diversos aspectos que compõem sua tarefa. Este trabalho buscou ampliar os conhecimentos sobre a tarefa do operador de máquinas de colheita florestal, em particular os operadores das máquinas Feller-Buncher, Skidder e Garra Traçadora. Também teve por objetivo quantificar os níveis de vibração linear a que estes operadores ficam expostos durante a jornada de trabalho. Foi realizada uma Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho durante onze meses, através de visitas ao campo, fotos, filmagens e entrevistas, além das informações obtidas através de questionário, visando caracterizar a população envolvida, bem como conhecer a opinião desses trabalhadores sobre as máquinas e a tarefa. As medições dos níveis de vibração linear com três graus de liberdade foram realizadas com a utilização do acelerômetro piezoelétrico instalado no assento dos três modelos de máquinas e um medidor integrador de vibração triaxial, de acordo com as normas internacionais ISO 2631-1:1997, no critério saúde, e da Diretiva 2002/44 da Comunidade Européia. As medições dos níveis de vibração apontaram que, tanto o Skidder quanto o Feller- Buncher apresentaram níveis acima das recomendações da norma ISO e o Nível da Ação do Valor Limite de Exposição (NA/VLE) para as duas máquinas se mostraram acima das recomendações da diretiva européia 2002/44. A Garra Traçadora apresentou os menores níveis vibratórios, embora o NA/VLE esteja acima do recomendado pela diretiva européia. A tarefa do operador de máquina de colheita florestal mostrou-se bastante complexa e de alta exigência cognitiva e motora. Apesar da sofisticação tecnológica das máquinas de colheita florestal, ainda há muito que melhorar quanto às vibrações mecânicas a que estão sujeitos os operadores
Abstract: Mechanized logging has been the subject of ergonomic studies in Brazil and abroad, with research focused on evaluation of dimensional aspects and the usability of logging equipment on the market aimed at improving projects and the health and safety of operators. However, there has been little research directed specifically to the operator and the various aspects of his activities. This study aimed to expand the knowledge about the operator's activities with logging equipment, specifically operators of Feller-Buncher Buncher, Skidder and Slash Grapple machines. It has also sought to quantify the linear vibration levels that these operators are exposed to during the workday. An Ergonomic Analysis was performed for eleven months, through field visits, photos, video footage and interviews, as well as information obtained through a questionnaire, in order to characterize those involved, and understand the opinion of these workers regarding their equipment and their job. Linear vibration level measurements with three degrees of freedom were performed using the piezoelectric accelerometer fitted on three machine models and a meter integrator of triaxial vibration, in accordance with international standards ISO 2631-1:1997, health criteria, and the 2002/44/EC. Measurements of vibration levels indicated that both the Skidder and Feller-Buncher had levels above ISO recommendations and the Exposure Action and Limit Values (EAV / ELV) for the two machines were above the recommendations of the 2002/44/EC. The Slash Grapple machine showed the lowest vibrational levels, although the EAV / ELV was above that recommended by the European policy. The operator's activities with logging equipment proved to be very complex, requiring highly demanding cognitive and motor skills. Despite the technological sophistication of logging equipment, there is still much room for improvement with regard to the effects of mechanical vibration on their operators
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Martins, Alexander Pereira. "A aplicação do design ergonômico aliado à semiautomatização de funções, como forma de redução de inconvenientes posturais em operadores de uma estação de corte de chapas de madeira /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97019.
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Orientador: Abílio Garcia dos Santos FilhoBanca: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos
Banca: Alberto de Vitta
Banca: Luiz Gonzaga Campos Porto
Banca: César Antunes de Freitas
Resumo: Os trabalhadores em marcenarias, de maneira geral, estão expostos a diversos riscos para a sua integridade física e psicológica. Existe um elevado risco de acidentes, podendo levar ao afastamento do trabalhador por períodos de tempo consideráveis, o que, além de prejudicar o funcionário, implica em prejuízos para as empresas, ocasionados pela indisponibilidade de mão-de-obra qualificada para substituir o acidentado, interferindo, assim, nos prazos de entrega dos produtos e levando conseqüentemente ao afastamento da clientela. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar os inconvenientes relacionados às posturas adotadas pelos operadores da atividade da célula de produção responsável pelo corte de painéis de madeira, descrevendo os sintomas músculo-esqueléticos correlacionados, através da aplicação da análise ergonômica, propondo melhorias baseadas nos resultados desta análise, quantificando-as. Como metodologia utilizou-se a aplicação do protocolo avaliação ergonômica, contendo o diagrama de desconforto de CORLLET & BISHOP, a realização da análise ergonômica da atividade e a aplicação do método OWAS. Como resultado dos métodos aplicados verificou-se os pontos necessários para a aplicação da ergonomia corretiva, bem como os resultados oriundos das implantações das melhorias efetuadas
Abstract: The workers in carpentry, in general, are exposed to various risks to their physical and psychological integrity. There is a high risk of accidents, leading to the expulsion of the worker for considerable periods, which, in addition to harming the official, results in losses for businesses, caused by the unavailability of labor-qualified to replace the bumpy, interfering, so in the time of delivery and consequently leading to the expulsion of customers. The objective of this research is identifying the problems related to the posture adopted by operators of the activity of the cell responsible for the production of wood cutting boards, describing the skeletal muscle-related symptoms by applying ergonomic analysis and propose improvements based on the results of this analysis , quantifying them. Methodology was used as the application of ergonomic assessment protocol, containing the diagram of discomfort of CORLLET & BISHOP, the analysis of ergonomic activity and the method Owas. As a result of the methods it was found the points necessary for the implementation of corrective ergonomics as well as the results from the deployment of the improvements made
Mestre
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Österman, Cecilia. "Cost-benefit of Ergonomics in Shipping." Thesis, Industrial ergonomics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20033.
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Specialists in ergonomics believe that what is good ergonomics is also goodeconomics for many industrial settings. This relationship between ergonomicsand economics is supported by research on several industrial settings. Thisstudy turns to investigate this relationship within the maritime domain.Shipping naturally faces the same work environment problems as commonlyseen on work places ashore. Additionally, there is however a social and culturaldimension to the work environment in what might be the most globalisedindustry of all.This study is performed as a pilot study to a larger project within theeconomics of maritime ergonomics. The aim of this thesis is to review themajor issues in the research of maritime ergonomics and how cost-benefit ofergonomics is calculated in other domains. Furthermore, the thesis also aims atinvestigate which ergonomic factors that are considered the most important bythe shipping industry itself and if the economics of ergonomics is calculated inthe Swedish shipping industry.The review of scientific literature on maritime ergonomics is divided into threeareas of interest: organisation and management, occupational health and safetyand psychosocial work environment. No studies were found on cost-benefitcalculations within shipping. There are however several methods for evaluationand calculation from other domains. The result of the nine qualitativeinterviews shows a predominant occupation in the area of organisation.Important factors mentioned in the interviews that are believed to affect safety,productivity and well-being include leadership and social skills,communication between and within the shorebased organisation and the vessel,as well as knowledge on several levels. A survey among ten Swedish shippingowners shows that beyond the costs of sick-leave, the shipowners do not on aregular basis calculate the costs and benefits of ergonomics.Further research includes a stakeholder analysis; defining the operativemeasurements of productivity, quality and effectiveness for a maritime setting;an accident analysis and the compilation of Best Practise within shipping.
Specialister inom arbetsmiljöområdet är övertygade om att en bra arbetsmiljöockså är bra för ett företags ekonomi. Detta förhållande mellan arbetsmiljö ochekonomi har påvisats i flera studier inom olika branscher. Den här studienundersöker sambandet mellan en god arbetsmiljö och god ekonomi inomsjöfarten. Inom sjöfarten återfinns naturligtvis samma arbetsmiljöproblem somhos andra branscher men i det som kanske är den mest globaliserade branschenav alla finns det också en framträdande social och kulturell dimension iarbetsmiljön.Den här uppsatsen är utförd som en pilotstudie till ett större forskningsprojektinom sjöfart och arbetsmiljöekonomi. Målet med uppsatsen är att undersökainom vilka områden det forskas på inom sjöfartens arbetsmiljö samt attundersöka hur kostnadsnytta av arbetsmiljö beräknas. Dessutom ämnaruppsatsen undersöka vilka arbetsmiljöfaktorer som de olika sjöfartsaktörernasjälva anser vara de viktigaste och om branschen själv räknar på arbetsmiljönidag.Granskningen av den vetenskapliga litteraturen om sjöfartens arbetsmiljö äruppdelad i tre områden: organisation och ledarskap, hälsa och säkerhet, samtden psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Inga studier återfanns som berördearbetsmiljöekonomi inom sjöfarten. Det finns däremot ett flertal metoder ochmodeller för ekonomisk utvärdering och beräkning av arbetsmiljöåtgärder frånandra branscher. Resultatet av nio kvalitativa intervjuer visar fokus påorganisatoriska arbetsmiljöfaktorer. Viktiga faktorer som informanterna anserhar inverkan på säkerhet, arbetsmiljö och produktivitet inkluderar ledarskap;kommunikation ombord och mellan fartyg och landorganisation; och kunskappå olika nivåer. En undersökning hos tio svenska rederier visar att utöverkostnader för sjukfrånvaro räknar företagen inte regelbundet på kostnader ochvinster för arbetsmiljön.Förslag till framtida forskning inkluderar en intressentanalys, att definiera ochbeskriva de operativa rationalitetsmåtten produktivitet, kvalitet och effektivitetför sjöfarten, olycksfallsanalys och sammanställandet av exempel av ”BestPractise” inom sjöfarten.
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Noack, Karen Lee. "College Student Computer Use and Ergonomics." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05182003-160527/.
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Student computer users are at risk for Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), such as carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis, and tension neck syndrome. Past research has identified repetition, duration, and posture as contributors to the development of MSDs in the computer work environment and these risk factors are present in the activities of student computer users as well as professional computer users. A web-based questionnaire was administered to 234 undergraduate and graduate college students majoring in either engineering or humanities and social sciences. The results of this study were compared with the results of a previous survey of professional workers that has a similar question structure. Sixty four percent of college students reported assuming an awkward posture at least 'sometimes' while using a desktop computer. On the 24-hour clock, college students reported their computer use to be at least 'somewhat likely' between the hours of 8:00 a.m. ? 2:00 a.m., while for professional workers the time period was reduced to the 12 hours between 6:00 a.m. ? 6:00 p.m. The survey also showed that college students work on the computer for closer to 90 minutes before taking a break, while the professional workers worked closer to 60 minutes before taking a break. In participants under 35 years of age, graduate students reported on average 33.7 weekly computing hours, compared to the 35.2 hours reported by professional workers. In general, college students reported a higher frequency of upper extremity discomfort than professional workers, and female participants reported higher discomfort than their male counterparts. There is still much to be learned about college students? interaction with computers, their risk of developing MSDs, and means by which risk can be reduced. The importance of incorporating ergonomics in the daily life of student computer users is apparent; it is believed that college students are likely to enter the workforce with poor computing habits and that appropriate education while the students are still in college is necessary to reduce the lifetime risk of developing these disorders.
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Björing, Gunnar. "Ergonomics in the wood-working industry." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2723.
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Gkikas, Nikolaos. "Ergonomics of intelligent vehicle braking systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35707.
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The present thesis examines the quantitative characteristics of driver braking and pedal operation and discusses the implications for the design of braking support systems for vehicles. After the current status of the relevant research is presented through a literature review, three different methods are employed to examine driver braking microscopically, supplemented by a fourth method challenging the potential to apply the results in an adaptive brake assist system. First, thirty drivers drove an instrumented vehicle for a day each. Pedal inputs were constantly monitored through force, position sensors and a video camera. Results suggested a range of normal braking inputs in terms of brake-pedal force, initial brake-pedal displacement and throttle-release (throttle-off) rate. The inter-personal and intra-personal variability on the main variables was also prominent.
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Soejadi, Prijoko Prajitnoadi. "Participatory ergonomics in Indonesian tin mining." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52989/.
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Thousands of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia’s tin mining industry are working in dangerous environments without an adequate safety and health protection programme. Occupational safety (OS) has become a primary focal point when it comes to preventing dangerous incidents. Such incidents can lead to serious injuries and fatalities, particularly given that mining involves dangerous and high-risk activities, for example, in onshore tin mining, working in muddy areas with heat, humidity and a risk of landslide. Studies addressing the health and safety domain in Indonesia and the mining sector have the least number of ergonomics applications. The research examined the existing OS of a state-owned tin company, namely PT Timah, in Indonesia. The company has a relatively good level of experience in practising tin mining operations, and also employs occupational safety programmes. For approximately a decade, this company has collaborated with 16 private onshore SMEs which work in more than 400 locations under the PT Timah cooperation scheme. Despite applying OS and a health programme in the main company, the same programme has not been included in the tin mining operation cooperation scheme that regulates the rights and obligations of SMEs. This thesis examines the possibilities of using a well-established ergonomics approach and adapting it so that it is more frequently accepted and embraced in Indonesia. The research is focused on the participatory ergonomics (PE) approach as applied to SMEs. Postal data reviews, interviews and observation methods were used to examine the current status of OS in the Indonesian tin mining industry. The scenario-based design (SBD) method was used to investigate the acceptability of PE, while the two-round Delphi technique was applied to reach a consensus on the practical implementations of PE solutions. There is positive acceptance of PE among workers in Indonesian tin mining companies. Regular working safety dissemination through a kinship approach and specific safety training is recommended for resolving communication, cultural and knowledge issues related to OS. In addition to this, a consensus was reached on proposed solutions regarding the implementation of PE within the Indonesian tin mining industry, such as evaluation of the remuneration and bonus system, employing the train-the-trainer programme, and the OSH reporting system.
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Криводуб, Анна Сергіївна, Анна Сергеевна Криводуб, Anna Serhiivna Kryvodub, Юрій Миколайович Шапочка, Юрий Николаевич Шапочка, Yurii Mykolaiovych Shapochka, Євгеній Анатолійович Лавров, Евгений Анатольевич Лавров, and Yevhenii Anatoliiovych Lavrov. "Analysis of ergonomics problems contact-centers." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46840.
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Persson, Lukas, and Johan Norén. "HållRätt : -Hjälp dig hjälpa dig själv Utveckling av ett hållningshjälpmedel för vardagligt bruk." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36496.
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Society is becoming increasingly digitalized and we spend more and more of awake hours infront electronics, both at home and at work. Our bodies, made for being resilient hunters, are not suited for sitting still an entire day. The static work exhausts the muscles and makes it hard to maintain a correct posture throughout the day, enough time in static positions may result in both interior and exterior damages to the body. The main purposes with the project is to increase the awareness of what horrible consequences that may occur when the body is being exposed to an unhealthy posture, also develop a prototype for a product that will guide the user on the road of getting a better default posture.The product we have developed is primarily aimed at companies, which it will be able to offer their employees a better shot at a healthier life, which will result in reduced number of sick leaves for the companies. We, Johan Norén and Lukas Persson, has in our thesis, HållRätt, developed a prototype for a product that will assist you by encouraging you to improve your posture reduce your chances of getting unwanted injuries. The product is a wearable accessory that will be undetectable by your surroundings, unless you choose to wear over your clothes. The product will be a combination of a helper and personal trainer who will guide the user on the way to a better posture and thus better health and a fuller life.
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Karltun, Johan. "On Stage : Acting for development of businesses and ergonomics in woodworking SMEs." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9894.
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Malmstad, Emelie. "Sittergonomi för kajakpaddlare." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72865.
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Kajaker härstammar från inuiterna och är en vattenfarkost som användes för att jaga och fiska. Idag används kajaker även till rekreationspaddling och detta projekt fokuserar på att framställa ett material som ger bättre förståelse för hur det ergonomiska sittandet i en kajak bör se ut. Syftet med projektet är att genomföra det självständigt på ett ingenjörsmässigt sätt och presentera detta skriftligt och muntligt. Projektet genomförs med metoder såsom observationer, intervju, enkäter och faktasökning och mynnar ut i ett informationsunderlag som kan ligga till grund för fortsatt arbete. Informationen presenteras för slutanvändare i form av en broschyr och slutsatsen som dras är att informationen som presenterats för slutanvändarna faller i god jord samt att ett gott ergonomiskt sittande är komplext.Kayaks originate from the Inuits and is a watercraft that is used for hunting and fishing. Today, kayaks are also used for recreational paddling and this project focuses on producing a material that gives a better understanding of how the ergonomic sitting in a kayak should look. The purpose of the project is to carry it out independently in an engineering way and to present it orally and in writing. The project is carried out using methods such as observations, interviews, questionnaires and searching for facts. It culminates in an information base which can be the basis from which continued work can be carried out. The information has been presented to the end users in the form of a brochure and the conclusion drawn is that the information has been received favourably and that good ergonomic sitting is complex.
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Aranda, Avila Fermin, and Hernández-Carrillo José María González. "Strategy to assess workstation ergonomics using virtual models of production." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20207.
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Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSD) are a disadvantage for companies both from the health and economics view. To reduce them, workstation ergonomics need to be accounted for. Previous ergonomics assessments involved spreadsheets filled and analysed by ergonomists and were regarded as time and resource-consuming, but recent improvements in virtual reality (VR), motion capture (MoCap) and digital human modeling (DHM) tools have open new options for analyses. Workstation redesign is one of the most common ways to improve working conditions, but a proper strategy that allows recording a sequence of actions using VR and assesses ergonomics is needed. Limitations: The strategy was designed for Simumatik, software for virtual commissioning of workstations that wanted to also consolidate itself as a DHM tool. Simumatik and HTC Vive were used as MoCap system and Ergonomics in production platform (EPP) as the assessment tool. Method: Literature review – prestudies and definition of use cases to test strategy and implement in it - requirements and wishes – strategy development – validation of use cases – evaluation. Results: Compared to manual simulations performed manually in IPS IMMA where the user performs same tasks, the strategy output accuracy of 73.3%. However, there are some misinterpretations to fix within the performance of the strategy that would fairly raise it and make the study more realistic, concerning the use cases studied. These mistakes include the posture prediction of the neck and some minor issues with the performance of the use cases. The number of resources vs. development was also studied and it showed that fixing the minor mistakes would raise accuracy close to 80% in the use cases. Adding a chest tracker could make it close to 100% compared to manual simulations in IPS IMMA. Conclusions: The strategy steps were tested and concluded that worked fine, because of the accuracy reached. However, further development of all the parts concerning the strategy is needed. The aim reached was to achieve rough results that could democratize physical ergonomics assessments.
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Castilho, Ana Virginia Santana Sampaio. "Atendimento odontológico: eficácia do treinamento e requisitos dos equipamentos para reduzir riscos ergonômicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25144/tde-29092017-172716/.
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Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a eficácia de um treinamento ergonômico na diminuição de posturas inadequadas adotadas por cirurgiãs-dentistas durante a execução de procedimentos de raspagem periodontal. Sessenta (60) cirurgiãs-dentistas foram alocadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o grupo de intervenção - G1, composto por 22 profissionais que receberam instruções e treinamento ergonômico teórico e prático; o grupo controle - G2, composto por 38 profissionais receberam o mesmo treinamento apenas após ao final do estudo. No baseline, utilizou-se um manequim odontológico no qual todas as participantes realizaram procedimentos de raspagem e alisamento dental em 6 faces dentárias, uma em cada sextante: faces vestibulares dos dentes 16, 11, 26 e 31 e faces linguais dos dentes 36 e 46. As observações foram realizadas através de vídeos realizados com 5 câmeras digitais, fixadas num suporte especificamente construído para obtenção de diferentes ângulos de visualização: direita, esquerda, posterior, superior e geral. Realizou-se análise exploratória da distribuição dos dados seguida de análise descritiva e analítica utilizando-se o teste de ANOVA de medidas repetidas com =5%. Foram realizadas 984 análises das quais 720 antes do treinamento e 264 após o treinamento. O treinamento ergonômico possibilitou 63% de redução de prevalência de posturas não recomendadas e houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,00001) entre os grupos controle (inicial e final), intervenção inicial e intervenção final. Concluiu-se que o treinamento ergonômico realizado contribuiu significativamente para diminuir a prevalência de posturas não recomendadas durante a execução de procedimentos básicos periodontais.This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an ergonomic training in order to decrease the prevalence of not recommended postures assumed by dentists during dental scaling procedures. Sixty (60) female dentists were randomly allocated into two groups: G1- intervention group - composed by 22 dentists who received theoretical and practical ergonomic training; G2 - control group - composed by 38 professionals received the similar training only after the end of the study. In the baseline, it was used a dental manikin in which all participants performed dental scaling on 6 dental surfaces, one in each sextant of the mouth: buccal surfaces of 16, 11, 26 and 31 teeth and lingual faces of 36 and 46 teeth. The observations were made through videos realized with 5 digital cameras, fixed in a support specifically constructed to obtain different viewing angles: right, left, posterior, superior and general. An exploratory analysis of the data distribution followed by descriptive and analytical analysis was performed using the ANOVA test for repeated measures with = 5%. A total of 1440 observations were performed, 720 before and 720 after training. Ergonomic training decrease the prevalence of not recommended postures in 63%. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.00001) between the control, pre-training intervention and post-training intervention groups. It was concluded that the ergonomic training was effective to decrease the prevalence of not recommended postures during dental scaling procedures.
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Rundqvist, Elin. "Kognitiv utveckling av en kontrollpanel : - Styrning av ett multifunktionellt arbetsbord för den grafiska industrin." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82725.
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I denna rapport presenteras projektfaserna som gjordes under projektet Ergonomisk utveckling av en kontrollpanel -Styrning av ett multifunktionellt arbetsbord till för den grafiska industrin. Projektet startades i samråd med kursen Examensarbete, MSGC12, och gavs vid fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap på Karlstads universitet. Syftet med projektet är att undersöka hur och om de ergonomiska förutsättningarna kommer att påverkas när man tar en befintlig produkt och går från manuell till automatisk styrning och minimera riskerna vid arbete med denna. Produkten ifråga är Flatbed applicator och uppdraget ges av företaget Rollsroller AB. För att undersöka detta genomfördes under projektet flertalet analyser, en förstudie och en idégenereringsfas följt av konceptframtagning. Resultaten för de olika analyserna belyste tre olika problemområden för produkten som har förbättringspotential i och med den nya automatiserade produkten. Automatiseringen kommer även att kunna öppna upp för andra utvecklingar som har framkommit under de olika analyserna och datainsamlingarna som gjordes under projektet. Slutresultatet för idégenereringen och konceptframtagningen är en fjärrstyrd kontrollpanel som tillåter en fortsatt enkel användning. Slutsatserna berör att användningen av produkten inte kommer att ändras avsevärt utan endast ändra utförandet för ett av arbetsmomenten, nämligen den manuella förflyttningen av bommen. De andra arbetsmomenten utförs på samma sätt men på en annan plats, från kontrollpanelen. De riskfaktorer som belyses är mindre riskfaktorer, varav en av dem kommer att gynnas av denna utveckling och därmed minska.This report presents the various project phases that were executed during the project Ergonomically development of a control -Steering of a multifunctional worktable for the graphical industry. The project started in consultation with the course Degree Project, MSGC12, and was given at the Faculty of Health, Science and Technology at Karlstad university. The purpose of the project is to investigate how and if the ergonomic conditions will be affected when you take an existing product and go from manual to an automatic control and minimize the risks of an automated boom. The product in question is a Flatbed applicator and the assignment is given by the company Rollsroller AB. To investigate this, several analyzes were carried out during the project, a feasibility study and an idea generation phase followed by concept development. The results for the different analyzes highlighted three different problem areas for the product that have improvement potential with the new automated product. The automation will also be able to open up to other developments that have emerged during the various analyzes and data collections that were made during the project. The end result for idea generation and concept development is a remote-controlled control panel that allows continued easy use and a good user experience. The conclusions concern that the use of the product will not change significantly, only change the performance of one of the work steps, the manual movement of the boom. The other operations are performed in the same way but in a different location, from the control panel. The risk factors that are highlighted are minor risk factors, one of which will benefit from this development and therefor decrease.
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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, and A. I. Didorenko. "Ergonomic workplace." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31090.
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Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit the human body, its movements, and its cognitive abilities. Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. Outside of the discipline itself, the term 'ergonomics' is generally used to refer to physical ergonomics as it relates to the workplace (for example: ergonomic chairs and keyboards).
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31090
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Morais, Filho Antonio Gerson de Moura. "Análise das forças impostas no solo e no assento durante o movimento de levantar com diferentes alturas de assento de cadeira /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97103.
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Orientador: Luiz Fernando Costa NascimentoBanca: José Geraldo Trani Brandão
Banca: Luis Carlos Ribeiro Lara
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o movimento de levantar de uma cadeira com três alturas pré-estabelecidas tendo como parâmetro de altura do assento os ângulos de 75, 90 e 105 graus nas articulações dos joelhos. Participaram 23 voluntários, (10 mulheres e 13 homens): idade média de 24,91 anos, estatura média de 1,70 m e peso corporal médio de 64,55 kgf. Duas plataformas de força mediram as forças de reação na posição sentada e durante o movimento de levantar, uma no assento da cadeira e outra no solo. Estabeleceram-se várias correlações entre as variáveis (peso corporal, altura, idade, e índice de massa corporal), entre as forças medidas e entre os tempos dos eventos. Foi evidenciado em toda a amostra que na medida em que se diminuía a altura do assento, maior foi a força aplicada ao solo para realizar o movimento de levantar. Diferenças na distribuição de peso entre assento e solo na posição sentada estática foram encontradas entre o assento que colocava os joelhos em 75° com a altura que os colocava nos outros dois ângulos. Não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas das médias dos valores de força e tempos no levantar comparados entre os sexos. Também não houve diferenças significativas entre as variáveis e os dados adquiridos nas plataformas.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the raising movement of a chair with three preestablished heights having as parameter of height of the seat the angles of 75, 90 and 105 degrees in the knee joints. Twenty three volunteers had participated, (10 women and 13 men): mean age of 24,91 years old, mean height of 1,70 m and mean body weight of 64,55 kgf. Two force plates had measured the reaction forces in the seated position and during the raising movement, one in the chair's seat and the other in the floor. It was established several correlations between some variables (body weight, height, age, and body mass index), between measured forces and between the events times. It was evidenced in all the sample that as soon as the seat's height decreased, greater was the force imposed to the floor to make real the raising movement. Differences in the weight distribution between seat and floor in the static seated position has been found between the seat that placed the knees in 75° with the height that placed it in the others two angles. There were not significant differences in the statistics of the load average values and times in the raising compared between the genders. Also they had not had significant differences between the variables and the data acquired in force plates.
Mestre
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Oliveira, Alexandra Petrilli Bavaresco Martins de. "Qualidade de vida e sintomas osteomusculares em medicos de um hospital universitario." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310836.
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Orientador: Maria Cecilia Cardoso BenattiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A presente pesquisa, de caráter descritivo, teve como finalidade contribuir para o conhecimento da ocorrência de sintomas osteomusculares e qualidade de vida em médicos cirurgiões e clínicos em um hospital universitário da cidade de Campinas, estado de São Paulo. Este trabalho dá continuidade à linha de pesquisa em Saúde do Trabalhador desenvolvida pelo Departamento de Enfermagem da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Para isto, descreveu-se determinadas características pessoais e ocupacionais, avaliou-se a qualidade de vida e identificou-se a ocorrência dos sintomas osteomusculares nesta população. Foi utilizado um questionário auto-aplicável composto por três partes, contendo questões referentes aos Dados Gerais e Ocupacionais, o questionário genérico de avaliação da Qualidade de Vida (SF-36); e no que se refere aos sintomas osteomusculares foi utilizado a parte geral do Questionário Nórdico. Os aspectos éticos envolvidos no tema, abrangendo o sigilo pessoal e profissional dos entrevistados foi garantido em todas as etapas do trabalho. Participaram da pesquisa 186 médicos sendo, 91 cirurgiões e 95 clínicos, formados predominantemente pelo gênero masculino. A média da idade dos cirurgiões foi de 44,5 anos e dos clínicos de 46 anos. O tempo médio de atuação profissional na instituição pesquisada foi de 14,8 anos para os cirurgiões e 16,1 anos para os clínicos. A carga horária total de trabalho obteve um tempo médio de 51,8 horas/semana entre os cirurgiões e entre os clínicos foi de 44,1 horas/semana. Referiram trabalhar em outros locais desenvolvendo a mesma atividade 87,9% dos cirurgiões e 51,6% dos clínicos. Dentre as situações que mais os incomodavam durante a sua atividade de trabalho a falta de melhores condições de trabalho apresenta-se em primeiro lugar para os dois grupos. Em apenas um domínio do SF-36, "Aspectos Físicos" apresentou diferença estatística significante entre os grupos, sendo este valor menor entre os clínicos. No Questionário Nórdico, referiram apresentar sintomas osteomusculares pelo menos em uma região do corpo, 84,6% dos cirurgiões e 83,1% dos clínicos nos últimos 12 meses e nos últimos sete dias 52,8% dos cirurgiões e 50,5% dos clínicos. Ao comparar os dois grupos quanto ao impedimento de realizar as atividades normais verificou-se que os clínicos são mais prejudicados pelos sintomas nas regiões lombar e quadriVcoxa. Referiram buscar por auxilio a algum profissional da saúde devido a sintomas osteomusculares 43,3% dos cirurgiões e 30,4% dos clínicos. As regiões corporais mais atingidas, entre os participantes, foram a lombar, cervical, ombros e torácica. A procura por auxílio de um profissional da área da saúde e a influência na execução das atividades cotidianas reforçam o fato dos sintomas osteomusculares representarem um problema a estes trabalhadores. Os resultados apresentados confirmam a existência do problema e a necessidade de novas pesquisas
Abstract: Quality of Life Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Physicians at University Hospital This research intends to contribute with information about musculoskeletal symptoms and quality of life among physicians and surgeons at Campinas, São Paulo. This study is part of workers' health research developed by Nursing Department of Campinas State University Medical School. The author described individual and occupational aspects, evaluated quality of life and identified occurrence of musculoskeletal symptoms in this popuIation. A three section self-applied questionnaire was applied, asking general and occupational information, quality of life questions (SF-36) and general part of Nordic Questionnaire. These questionnaires are appropriated to the objectives and the results were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The ethical aspects reIated to the interviews, including professional silence were maintained throughout the research. There were 91 surgeons and 96 physicians. Among surgeons, 16 were female and 75 male gender; physicians were 39 female and 56 male. The average age among surgeons was 44.5 years and among physicians 46 years. The average length of work at the institution was 14.8 and 16.1 years for surgeons and physicians respectively and work time was 51.8 hours weekly for surgeons and 44.1 for physicians. 87.9% ofthe surgeons and 51.6% physicians also worked in other hospitaIs with the same activities. Lack of better working conditions was referred by both groups as the most bothering situation. Only in SF-36 "Physical Aspects" there was significant statistical difference between groups, with lower rates among physicians. Nordic Questionnaire showed 84.6% of the surgeons and 83.1% physicians referring musculoskeletal symptoms in at least on part of body during the Iast 12 months and 52.8% of the surgeons and 50.5% physicians in the last week. Comparing both groups according to possibility of performing usual activities, physicians complain more of symptoms in the lumbar and hip and leg regions. 43.3% of the surgeons and 30.4% physicians referred to seek another health professional help because of musculoskeletal symptoms, mainly in lumbar, neck, shoulders and thoracic regions. The search for help from a health professional and the influence to usual daily activities reinforce the importance of musculoskeletal disorders to these people. The obtained results confirm existence of the problem and the need of following researches
Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestre em Enfermagem
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Pinto, Andréa Gonçalves 1969. "Práticas ergonômicas em um grupo de indústrias da Região Metropolitana de Campinas : natureza, gestão e atores envolvidos." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256743.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Mauro José Andrade Tereso, Roberto Funes AbrahãoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: O presente estudo procurou identificar e compreender as práticas ergonômicas adotadas nas indústrias da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC) de acordo com a sua natureza (correntes e métodos empregados), gestão (como são implementadas e como são geridas) e os atores sociais envolvidos (sua formação e suas percepções). A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em duas etapas. Na primeira foi realizada a aplicação de questionários para identificar quais as indústrias de transformação da RMC possuíam análises e práticas ergonômicas. Na segunda etapa, foram escolhidas quatro indústrias de grande porte que realizavam análises e práticas ergonômicas definidas pela matriz ou pela própria filial e com disponibilidade para a realização de estudo de caso. Os principais resultados encontrados na pesquisa demonstraram que as práticas ergonômicas são desenvolvidas em sua maioria nas indústrias de grande porte e multinacionais, os profissionais responsáveis pela ergonomia em grande parte estão alocados nas áreas da saúde e engenharia de segurança do trabalho. A fiscalização e o cumprimento das normas são motivadores relevantes para a realização das ações ergonômicas nas indústrias. Evidenciou-se o reconhecimento da participação do ergonomista na concepção do trabalho. As melhorias ergonômicas implementadas estão muito ligadas aos aspectos físicos do trabalho, muitas vezes por serem estes os mais fáceis de serem reconhecidos pelos atores envolvidos. As melhorias relacionadas aos aspectos organizacionais são abordadas, porém com uma frequência menor. Os atores envolvidos entendem que as práticas ergonômicas nas indústrias melhoram as questões ligadas à saúde, segurança, produtividade e qualidade no trabalho. Por outro lado, existem dificuldades em convencer os gestores a realizarem melhorias ergonômicas, havendo a necessidade de provar o custo/benefício destas ações. Conclui-se que o especialista em ergonomia utiliza-se de diferentes métodos, ferramentas e estratégias que estão a sua disposição para o entendimento do trabalho, com a responsabilidade de desenvolver as ações ergonômicas de acordo com as características da organização, de suas atividades e de seus trabalhadores. As práticas ergonômicas promovem a compreensão da atividade, dando significância ao trabalho, estabelecem uma interlocução entre os atores envolvidos nos diferentes níveis hierárquicos e contribuem para as transformações e melhorias no sentido de preservar a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores. Essas transformações e melhorias promovem um melhor desempenho da organização
Abstract: The study aimed to identify and understand ergonomic practices adopted by the industries located in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (RMC), according to their nature (theoretical currents and methods used), management (how they are implemented and managed) and the social actors involved (their training and perceptions). The research was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a survey was applied in order to identify general ergonomic practices among the industries. In the second stage, four large sized industries that had performed ergonomic analysis and practices were chosen defined by the headquarters or by their own branches, and with availability to carry out case studies. The main findings in the survey showed that the ergonomic practices occur mostly in the large sized and multinational industries; professionals responsible for ergonomic practices are mostly located in the areas of health and safety engineering. The official surveillance and the compliance with the rules are still major motivators for ergonomic actions. The implemented ergonomic improvements are linked to the physical aspects of work; these aspects are easier to be recognized by the actors involved. Improvements related to organizational aspects are covered, but in a lower frequency. The actors involved understand that the ergonomic practices in industries improve issues related to health, safety, productivity and quality at work. On the other hand, some barriers are faced to convince the management engagement to conduct ergonomic improvements, besides the need to validate the cost/benefits of these actions. It is concluded that the ergonomic experts make use of different methods, tools and strategies that are at their disposal to understand the work, and are responsible for developing ergonomic actions, according to the characteristics of the organization, its activities and its workers The ergonomic practices promote the understanding of the work activity, adding significance to the work; establishing a dialogue between the social actors involved in the different hierarchical levels, contributing to the changes and improvements to preserve the physical, cognitive and psychic health of the workers These changes and improvements cooperate to foster the organization performance
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestra em Engenharia
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Bouyer, Gilbert Cardoso. "Contribuição da abordagem enactivo-incorporada da ação operatória na atividade de trabalho: ontologias da realidade nos sistemas complexos de operações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-26092008-095830/.
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Este trabalho analisa, em detalhe, a cognição como ação incorporada nos processos de trabalho. Os operadores não representam um mundo externo mas pensam e agem de forma interdependente. O ponto chave neste texto é que, sem nada como uma representação interna, trabalhadores (operadores) se engajam na atividade de trabalho numa coordenação sensório-motora em resposta para mudanças ambientais. Não há ruptura na experiência entre perceber, sentir e pensar. Esta pesquisa busca responder como os processos social e cultural são demandados para desenvolver esquemasimagem e esquemas-incorporados, os quais podem realizar pensamento abstrato usando suas capacidades para percepção e resposta motora. Este trabalho postula que as expressões lingüísticas e os processos cognitivos de nível superior evidenciam padrões dinâmicos de experiência corporal recorrente denominados esquemasimagem. Este trabalho afirma que estes padrões podem ser estendidos a estruturas de experiências não-tácita, não-física e não-visual.This work analyzes, in detail, that cognition is embodied action in work process. The operators don.t represent an external world but think in order to act as part of your thinking. The key point in this text is that, without anything like an internal representation, workers (operators) engage, at work activity, in sensorimotor coordination in response to environmental changes. There is no rupture in experience between perceiving, feeling and thinking. These research asks how social and cultural process are required to develop image-schemata and embodied-schemata, that can perform abstract thinking using their capacities for perception and motor response. This work theorized that linguist expressions and higher cognitive processes evidenced dynamic patterns of recurrent bodily experience which we called image-schemata. This work argued that these patterns can be extended to structure non-tactile, non-physical and non-visual experiences.
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Kenchian, Alexandre. "Estudo de modelos e técnicas para projeto e dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-02022012-143144/.
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O objeto da pesquisa parte da premissa de se fazer um levantamento e reconhecimento de diferentes modelos e técnicas, elaborados por vários autores, a serem aplicados no dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, quer seja na elaboração, quer seja na avaliação. Neles, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação para o homem desses espaços, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. Dentro da premissa apresentada, pretende-se conhecer as implicações das dimensões humanas, considerando o próprio homem como referência, na história da arquitetura habitacional, a partir dos aspectos funcionais, simbólicos, culturais e étnicos; e os requisitos de projeto que influem na ocupação e dimensionamento dos espaços da habitação, utilizando-se das técnicas de pesquisa antropométrica. Para tanto, são identificados e analisados os aspectos ergonômicos da apropriação desses espaços pelo homem, destinados ao seu uso como moradia. A pesquisa inicia em associar as dimensões humanas e os espaços edificados destinados à habitação, através de uma visão histórica dos estudos que influíram na arquitetura residencial, enquanto preocupação dimensional, baseada na figura humana. Apresenta conceitos e requisitos para uma habitação e investiga os modelos e técnicas desenvolvidas para o dimensionamento dos espaços habitacionais onde são considerados aspectos ergonômicos, de modo a se fazer uma aplicação metodológica desses modelos e técnicas para análise e dimensionamento de um projeto habitacional. Esta aplicação é feita por meio da elaboração uma caracterização ergonômica que consiste em analisar o usuário, as funções de uso e as atividades, os ambientes e espaços funcionais da habitação e o uso de mobiliário e equipamentos necessários.The object of the research leaves from the premise of doing recognition of different models and techniques, elaborated by several authors, to be applied in the dimensioning of the spaces of the house, for its elaboration, or for its evaluation. In them, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation for the man of those spaces, destined to his use as home are identified and analyzed. Inside of the presented premise, it intends to know the implications of the human dimensions, considering the man himself as reference, in the history of the habitation\'s architecture, starting from the functional, symbolic, cultural and ethnic aspects; and the project requirements that influence on the occupation and dimensioning of the spaces of the house, using the techniques of anthropometric research. For that matter, the ergonomic aspects of the appropriation of those spaces by the man are identified and analyzed, for his use as home. The research begins in associating the human dimensions and the built spaces destined to the house, through a historical view of the studies that were influenced on the residential architecture, while dimensional concern, based on the human figure. It presents concepts and requirements for a house and it investigates the models and techniques developed for the dimensioning of the housing spaces where ergonomic aspects are considered, doing a methodological application of those models and techniques for analysis and dimensioning of a housing project. This application is made through the elaboration of an ergonomic characterization that consists of analyzing the user, the use functions and the activities, the functional spaces of the house and the use of necessary furniture and equipments.
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Watson, Celia H. "Ergonomics, design and reliability of body armour." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6155.
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The wearing of body amour has become a necessity for many professions and much
work has gone into the optimisation of the mechanics of protection. In the present
study a broader view of the effects of ergonomics, design, reliability and protection
has been taken.
Three background topics are examined by reference to the literature. First, as an
example of the threats and injury mechanisms that prevail in modern conflicts, the
effects of blast injury to the head are investigated. This is followed by a review of
ergonomic test methods and is completed by a study exploring the influence of history
on modern body armour design.
Solutions to some of these problems are then considered. The problem of accurately
measuring impact loads to the head is investigated and a rigid instrumented head form
is demonstrated. This work showed that the filtering techniques derived from crash
tests used in the current helmet standards are not applicable to ballistic impact events.
A one day wearer trial for police armour based on typical actions carried out by police
officers in the performance of their normal duties is developed and demonstrated. A
mechanical flexibility test is shown to give quantitative data but a direct link between
ergonomic rankings and flexibility could not be established. Reliability of both soft
and hard body armour is investigated and for typical armour types it is demonstrated
that a minimal deterioration takes place with time and existing inspections techniques
can highlight armour that is below standard.
This study has introduced measurement techniques in an attempt to quantify some of
the effects investigated with the intention of using quantitative methods to improve
armour design and minimise some of the negative effects of wearing body armour.
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Palil, Md Dan Md. "An ergonomics design knowledge based expert system." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321264.
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Chien, H. M. "Assessment of laparoscopic ergonomics and instrument design." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431529.
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Haines, Helen M. "Understanding participatory ergonomics : developing theory and practice." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275290.
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Aula, Mercy, and Ken Silver. "Evaluation of Tomato Farmworker Ergonomics using Electromyography." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/150.
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BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE. Various studies have identified physical risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) associated with hand harvesting of crops, due to repetitive motions, lifting or carrying of heavy loads, and working in flexed trunk postures. A paucity of research exists on ergonomic risks to tomato farmworkers. The available studies have estimated risk based on self-reports of injury and semi-quantitative measures.
METHODS. A partnership between East Tennessee State University (ETSU) and a migrant health center (Rural Medical Services) has identified some of the occupational health needs of this population. With the aid of surface electromyography (sEMG), an objective-quantitative tool, a more refined understanding of ergonomic health risks for this population will be developed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the muscle load and fatigue induced on the anterior deltoid and upper trapezius muscles during three tasks: driving stakes into the ground, tying of tomatoes to stakes, and hoisting of a 35-pound bucket full of tomatoes. Space for a mock test plot, where the study will be conducted, is available at the ETSU’s Valleybrook facility. Muscle activity recordings will be obtained from 15 tomato farmworkers. Spectral analysis and the amplitude probability distribution function (APDF) will be used to assess fatigue and muscle load respectively. A repeated measures ANOVA will be employed in the study.
ANTICIPATED RESULTS. Findings of this study should show that localized muscle loading increases muscle fatigue. Neuromuscular demand should vary, depending on the type of task performed. Stake pounding may show a higher neuromuscular demand than the other tasks.
AIM 1. Evaluate the magnitude of muscle activity during three simulated tomato-field tasks and measure the intensity of movement during the stake pounding task.
AIM 2. Compare estimates of muscle fatigue and muscle load induced on the anterior deltoid and upper trapezius muscles during three simulated tomato-field tasks.
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Gomes, Junior Waldez Azevedo. "Improving Ergonomics Through Physical Human-Robot Collaboration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0208.
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Cette thèse vise à fournir des outils pour améliorer l'ergonomie dans les environnements de travail. Certaines activités dans l'industrie sont couramment exécutées par les travailleurs de manière non ergonomique, ce qui peut entraîner des troubles musculo-squelettiques à court ou à long terme. Les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) liés au travail constituent un problème de santé majeur dans le monde entier, qui représente également des coûts importants pour la société et les entreprises. On sait que les TMS sont causées par de multiples facteurs, tels que des mouvements répétitifs, une force excessive et des postures corporelles non ergonomiques. Il n'est pas surprenant que les environnements de travail présentant de tels facteurs puissent présenter une incidence de TMS jusqu'à 3 ou 4 fois plus élevée que dans la population générale. Notre approche consiste à évaluer le mouvement humain, à l'optimiser et à intervenir sur la tâche en fonction du mouvement optimisé. Pour évaluer l'ergonomie de la posture du corps, nous avons développé une simulation de modèle humain numérique (DHM en anglais) capable de reproduire les mouvements du corps entier. Dans la simulation, le mouvement initial peut être amélioré de manière itérative, jusqu'à l'obtention d'un mouvement ergonomique optimal du corps entier. Nous pensons qu'un robot en interaction physique avec un humain pourrait conduire ce dernier vers des mouvements plus ergonomiques du corps entier, voire vers un mouvement ergonomiquement optimal. Pour concevoir un contrôleur de robot qui influence la posture du corps, nous étudions d'abord le comportement moteur de l'homme dans une étude de co-manipulation entre humains. Dans cette étude, nous avons observé des modèles de comportement moteur qui ont été utilisés pour concevoir un contrôleur de collaboration pour l'interaction physique homme-robot (pHRI en anglais). L'étude de co-manipulation a ensuite été exécutée par un humain collaborant avec un robot Franka PandaThis thesis aims to provide tools for improving ergonomics at work environments. Some work activities in industry are commonly executed by workers in a non-ergonomic fashion, which may lead to musculoskeletal disorders in the short or in the long term.Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) are a major health issue worldwide, that also represents important costs both for society and companies. WMSDs are known to be caused by multiple factors, such as repetitive motion, excessive force, and awkward, non-ergonomic body postures. Not surprisingly, work environments with such factors may present an incidence of WMSDs of up to 3 or 4 times higher than in the overall population.Here, our approach is to evaluate the human motion with respect to ergonomics indexes, optimize the motion, and intervene on the task based on the optimized motion.To evaluate the body posture ergonomics, we developed a Digital Human Model (DHM) simulation capable of replaying whole-body motions.In simulation, the initial movement can be iteratively improved, until an optimal ergonomic whole-body motion is obtained.We make the case that a robot in physical interaction with a human could drive the human towards more ergonomic whole-body motions, possibly to an ergonomically optimal motion. To design a robot controller that influences the body posture, we first investigate the human motor behavior in a human-human co-manipulation study. In this human dyad study, we observed motor behavior patterns that were used to design a collaboration controller for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI). In a new study, the same co-manipulation task was then executed by humans collaborating with a Franka Emika Panda robot
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Martins, Alexander Pereira [UNESP]. "A aplicação do design ergonômico aliado à semiautomatização de funções, como forma de redução de inconvenientes posturais em operadores de uma estação de corte de chapas de madeira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97019.
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martins_ap_me_bauru.pdf: 1632375 bytes, checksum: 705fa3aa72b24009e5708a255111bd95 (MD5)Os trabalhadores em marcenarias, de maneira geral, estão expostos a diversos riscos para a sua integridade física e psicológica. Existe um elevado risco de acidentes, podendo levar ao afastamento do trabalhador por períodos de tempo consideráveis, o que, além de prejudicar o funcionário, implica em prejuízos para as empresas, ocasionados pela indisponibilidade de mão-de-obra qualificada para substituir o acidentado, interferindo, assim, nos prazos de entrega dos produtos e levando conseqüentemente ao afastamento da clientela. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar os inconvenientes relacionados às posturas adotadas pelos operadores da atividade da célula de produção responsável pelo corte de painéis de madeira, descrevendo os sintomas músculo-esqueléticos correlacionados, através da aplicação da análise ergonômica, propondo melhorias baseadas nos resultados desta análise, quantificando-as. Como metodologia utilizou-se a aplicação do protocolo avaliação ergonômica, contendo o diagrama de desconforto de CORLLET & BISHOP, a realização da análise ergonômica da atividade e a aplicação do método OWAS. Como resultado dos métodos aplicados verificou-se os pontos necessários para a aplicação da ergonomia corretiva, bem como os resultados oriundos das implantações das melhorias efetuadas
The workers in carpentry, in general, are exposed to various risks to their physical and psychological integrity. There is a high risk of accidents, leading to the expulsion of the worker for considerable periods, which, in addition to harming the official, results in losses for businesses, caused by the unavailability of labor-qualified to replace the bumpy, interfering, so in the time of delivery and consequently leading to the expulsion of customers. The objective of this research is identifying the problems related to the posture adopted by operators of the activity of the cell responsible for the production of wood cutting boards, describing the skeletal muscle-related symptoms by applying ergonomic analysis and propose improvements based on the results of this analysis , quantifying them. Methodology was used as the application of ergonomic assessment protocol, containing the diagram of discomfort of CORLLET & BISHOP, the analysis of ergonomic activity and the method Owas. As a result of the methods it was found the points necessary for the implementation of corrective ergonomics as well as the results from the deployment of the improvements made
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Mazaheri, Ava. "Ergonomic Evaluation of Power Tool Use at Different Task and Tool Related Conditions Using a Mechanical Test Rig, Electromyography and Subjective Evaluations." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235384.
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Workers within production and assembly lines are often exposed to ergonomically unfavorable tasksand conditions. Reaction forces and reaction torques generated by industrial power tools may causenot only discomfort but also health issues and injury. The forceful tasks in combination with highlyrepetitive hand-arm motions and prolonged tool use paves the way for loss in workforce capacitywhich in turn can lead to great losses in productivity and product quality. An umbrella term for themany injuries and diseases that may arise from the use of such tools is Cumulative Trauma Disorders(CTD).This study aimed to investigate the ergonomic effect of power tool use for various tool and taskrelated conditions. The study required the setup of a test rig with a simulated handle of the tool. Theergonomic impact was assessed by measuring the torques associated with different tighteningstrategies, as well as measuring the angular displacement of the tool handle. By varying the jointstiffness and workplace orientation, the complexity of the task was varied and thus quantified.Measurements of muscle activity during each tightening procedure provided a quantification of thephysiological impact on the operator. By combining the measurements on the operator withsubjective assessment of perceived exertion and discomfort, a more holistic perspective on thetightening procedure was obtained.The results obtained from the study stressed the negative impact on the operator which the QuickStep tightening strategy on medium hard joints implies, regardless of workspace orientation. TheTurbo Tight and Tensor Pulse tightening strategies turned out to generate the lowest reactiontorques and handle deflections, regardless of joint stiffness and workspace orientation. The findingsfrom the muscle activity measurements in combination with the subjective evaluation methodsfurther confirmed the mildness of the Turbo Tight and Tensor Pulse strategies. Moreover, horizontalworkspace resulted in lower tool handle deflection compared to vertical workspace for all tighteningstrategies and joint stiffnesses.Många antällda på monteringsband exponeras ofta för ergonomiskt ofördelaktiga arbetsuppgifter och arbetsförhållanden. De handhållna monteringsverktyg som används genrerar ofta reaktionskrafter som i många fall kan orsaka en känsla av obehag eller ge upphov till mer bestående hälsobesvär. De kraftfulla och repetetiva arbetsuppgifterna som montering många gånger innebär kan bana väg för förluster i arbetskraftskapacitet, vilket i sin tur kan leda till stora förluster i produktivitet och produktkvalitet. En paraplyterm för de många åkommor och besvär som kan uppstå som ett resultat av användandet av handhållna monteringsverktyg är ’förslitningsskador’ (Cumulative Trauma Disorders på engelska). Målsättningen för denhär studien har varit att undersöka de ergonomiska effekter som användandet av handhållna monteringsverktyg innebär vid olika vektygs- och arbetsuppgiftsrelaterade parametrar. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en test rig där ett simulerat verktygshandtag utnyttjades. Den ergonomiska effekten på användaren undersöktes genom mätningar av uppnådda reaktions moment och handtags vinklar associerade med olika åtdragningsstrategier, styvhet av förband samt orientering av arbetsyta. Genom att mäta muskelaktiviteten i underarmen hos testpersonerna erhölls en kvantifiering av den fysiologiska effekten på testpersonerna. Mätningarna av vinkel, moment och muskelaktivitet kombinerades med subjektiva skattningsmetoder för att på så sätt kunna erhålla ett mer holistiskt perspektiv på åtdragningarna och deras effekt på människan. Resultaten från studien underströk de negativa effekterna av åtdragning med Quick Step strategin på medium hårda förband, oavsett orientering av arbetsytan. Turbo Tight och Tensor Pulse strategierna genererade de lägsta reaktions momenten och handtags deflektionerna. Resultaten från muskelsaktivitetsmätningarna och de subjektiva skattningsmetoderna bekräftade den relativa mildheten hos Tensor Pulse och Turbo Tight strategierna. Dessutom påvisades att åtdragningar som sker på en horisontell arbetsyta resulterade i lägre handtagsdeflektion jämfört med åtdragningar på en vertikal arbetsyta, oavsett åtdragningsstrategi och styvhet hos förband.
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Gonçalves, Juliana Machion. "Ação ergonômica e estratégias de operações: proposta de integração na prática." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3444.
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This research has, with main objective, the construction of activity ergonomics management model that is related operations strategies, developed from practical experience in the company with metal - mechanics production of white goods, involving a group of approximately 1.500 people and 400 workplaces, aimed at structuring an ergonomic action, based on the activity ergonomics, which it is aligned with the operations strategy and understanding the consequences (positive and negative) about ergonomics action, the perception of the operators and managers of the company, the relationship between health and work. The construction involved a participatory process the transformation of the working conditions and workplace conception. The theoretical-methodological approach has the assumptions of ergonomics work analysis and action research were used to construct the model based on the activity ergonomics of operations strategies related in order to emerge among all the actors involved greater understanding of the work, its determinants and constraints, as well as the instrument to represent the perceptions of the actors of this process and its contradictions. The demand started from high rates of removal by musculoskeletal disorders in the area of manufacturing company. The data were indicators that guided the certificates and clearances. Training, analysis / diagnosis and projects were the steps of action research. Relation about training, a ergonomics committee was formed with the performance of health professionals, process engineers and production supervisors. These actors were trained and helped to survey the descriptions of the task, the constraints involved, the rules and expected results and project items, so they would get to the point of view of activity and operations strategies, to further suggest recommendations necessary. Moreover, the process of analysis / diagnosis was developed from the ergonomics law (NR 17) with assumptions of ergonomic work analysis (AET). Finally, the stage was set designs from the results of a summary of the analysis / diagnosis. Every problem encountered was given a solution, aligning with operations strategies (organization of work, performance measures, process technologies, and human resources) through implementation of breaks, job rotation, procedure for development projects, order to modify the organization of work and technical and organizational design and in case devices, design of design processes and correction operations. From there, the team can count on financial support from the direction of the company and a specialized and skilled in analyzing work situations, innovative practices and active participation of the operator internal technical structure to generate credibility and consistency in actions that enhance and stimulate quality of work life.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal a construção de um modelo de gestão em ergonomia da atividade que esteja vinculado as estratégias de operações da empresa, desenvolvido a partir de uma experiência prática em uma empresa do setor mecânico de produção de produtos da linha branca, envolvendo um grupo de, aproximadamente, 1500 pessoas e 400 postos de trabalho, visando a estruturação de uma ação ergonômica, baseada na abordagem da ergonomia da atividade, que esteja alinhada com a estratégia de operações da empresa e a compreensão dos reflexos (positivos e negativos) da ação ergonômica, na percepção dos operadores e de gestores da empresa, na relação saúde e trabalho. A construção envolveu um processo participativo na transformação das condições de trabalho e de concepção dos postos de trabalho. Para caracterizar a abordagem teórico-metodológica, foram utilizados os pressupostos da análise ergonômica do trabalho e da pesquisa-ação, para estruturar e construir o modelo baseado na ergonomia da atividade vinculados as estratégias de operações, de forma a emergir junto aos atores envolvidos uma maior compreensão sobre o trabalho, seus condicionantes e determinantes, bem como o instrumento para representar as percepções dos atores desse processo e suas contradições. A demanda se iniciou a partir de altos índices de afastamento por problemas musculoesqueléticos na área de manufatura da empresa. Os indicadores que nortearam foram dados de atestados e afastamentos por CID M.65, M.75 e CID G56. Foram delimitadas as seguintes etapas da pesquisa-ação: capacitação, análise/diagnóstico e projetos. Em relação à capacitação, foi formado um comitê de ergonomia com a atuação de profissionais da saúde, engenheiros de processos e supervisores de produção, de forma que esses atores foram capacitados e contribuíram para o levantamento das descrições da tarefa, os constrangimentos envolvidos, as regras e resultados esperados e os itens de projetos, de modo que iriam chegar ao ponto de vista da atividade e estratégias de operações, para posteriormente sugerir recomendações necessárias. Além disso, o processo de análise/diagnóstico foi desenvolvido a partir do Manual da Norma Regulamentadora 17 (NR 17) com pressupostos da análise ergonômica do trabalho (AET). Por fim, a etapa de projetos foi definida a partir dos resultados de um resumo da análise/diagnóstico. A cada problema encontrado, foi dado uma solução, alinhando com estratégias de operações (organização do trabalho, medidas de desempenho, tecnologias de processo e recursos humanos) através de implementação de pausas, rodízio de postos de trabalho, procedimento para desenvolvimento de projetos, de forma a modificar a organização do trabalho e conceber dispositivos técnicos e organizacionais e no caso, o projeto dos processos de concepção e correção nas operações. A partir daí, a equipe pode contar com apoio financeiro da direção da empresa e de uma estrutura técnica interna especializada e capacitada em análise das situações de trabalho, práticas inovadoras e participação ativa do operador para gerar credibilidade e consistência nas ações que valorizem e estimulem a qualidade de vida no trabalho.