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Tegbrant, Kerstin. "Cost-effectiveness of ergonomic interventions - Evaluation of a calculation model." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262006.
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Several studies have shown that the work environment affects company performance. The managers are seldom aware to which extent work environment problems affect productivity, quality of delivery and sick-leave in their organisation. The present literature study showed that improvements regarding physical ergonomics generally are shown to be cost-effective. The most beneficial way of working is through proactive measures interactively with employees. An efficient, systematic way of performing risk assessments and interventions reduce the need for a calculation method. This study identified propositions for properties of calculation methods. These propositions were : “Simplicity, high usability”, “Right content for the target group”, “High ability to measure risk”, “Focus on staff”, “Correct standardised values”, “Right focus” and “Optimal design”. Scania CV, a producer of trucks and buses, has developed a calculation model for cost-effectiveness of ergonomic interventions. Evaluation of this model with semi-structured interviews showed agreement regarding the need of a simplified calculation method, based on systematic risk assessments.Ett flertal studier har visat att arbetsmiljön påverkar företags effektivitet. Företagsledningen är sällan medveten om till vilken grad arbetsmiljö-problem påverkar produktivitet, kvalitet och sjukfrånvaro. Litteraturstudien i detta projekt visade att förbättringar inom ergonomi generellt sett är kostnadseffektiva. Det är mest gynnsamt att arbeta proaktivt samt participativt, det vill säga i samarbete med medarbetarna på den lokala avdelningen. Ett effektivt, systematiskt arbete med riskbedömningar och interventioner minskar behovet av att göra en beräkning av lönsamheten. Propositioner för egenskaper hos kostnadseffektiva beräkningsmetoder togs fram i denna studie. Dessa propositioner var; ” Enkelhet och god användbarhet”, ”rätt innehåll för målgruppen”, ”hög förmåga att bedöma risk”, ”personalfokus”, ”korrekta standardiserade värden”, ”rätt fokus” och ”optimal design”. Scania CV, producent av lastbilar och bussar, har tagit fram en beräkningsmodell för kostnadseffektivitet hos ergonomiska interventioner. Utvärderingen av denna modell med semistrukturerade intervjuer visar god samstämmighet i att det behövs enkla kalkylmetoder som grundar sig på systematiska riskbedömningar.
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Goldswain, Craig Colin. "Architectural design interventions toward improvement of construction health, safety, and ergonomics in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021060.
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The construction industry produces a high rate of accident statistics. Constructors are exposed to a range of construction hazards and risks which manifest themselves in accidents and lead to a high incidence of illnesses, injuries and fatalities. Despite evidence that up to 50 percent of construction accidents can be avoided through mitigation of hazards and risks in the design phase of construction projects, architectural designers do not adequately engage in designing for construction health, safety, and ergonomics. The research localises the problem in the context of South Africa and sets out to develop an architectural design oriented model toward a reduction of construction hazards and risks, which can be engendered through optimisation of tertiary architectural education and through continuing professional development (CPD) programmes. The ultimate aim is to realise a paradigm shift in architectural design relative to construction health, safety, and ergonomics as architectural designers in South Africa still view it as the constructor’s responsibility. The research intertwined a range of secondary data with four provisional studies undertaken in the Eastern Cape Province considered representative of South Africa. This involved both quantitative and qualitative methodologies and were directed at architectural designers registered with the South African Council for the Architectural Profession (SACAP). The provisional studies were published in international conference proceedings and served to gradually provide local insight, and ultimately provided a line of structured questions for use in the main study. The main study was positioned in the action research (AR) paradigm and used focus group (FG) methodology to solicit a vast richness of qualitative data from SACAP registered architectural designers who participated in the FG proceedings. Synthesis of data with literature and the provisional studies gave rise to a provisional model comprising six main model components and a range of sub-components. The provisional model was validated and refined while simultaneously testing the research hypotheses by means of questionnaires directed at the SACAP registered FG participants. The evolved model includes a core model embedded in a greater process model, and implementation and use of the core model relies on appropriate knowledge of architectural designers. It is ultimately recommended that tertiary architectural education institutions and those involved in architectural CPD programmes take ‘upstream design ownership’ and use the model as a basis for designing and implementing appropriate tertiary architectural programmes and architectural CPD offerings. Ultimately the model is not considered as a complete means to an end, and further investigation is needed in order to design and implement the recommended programmes. Only then can we begin to realise a paradigm shift in architectural thinking and practice.
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Vatan, Korkmaz Sahika. "Application of participatory ergonomics principles into an educational environment improving a high school information technology program via interventions /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1198876936.
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Arnoud, Justine. "Conception organisationnelle : pour des interventions capacitantes." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962450.
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Cette thèse d'ergonomie s'inscrit dans le champ de l'organisation. Les nouvelles formes d'organisation et l'accroissement des activités de service soulèvent de nouveaux enjeux qui invitent l'ergonomie à se préoccuper de l'objet " organisation " et à échanger avec les sciences de gestion. Progressivement, une vision instrumentale de cet objet est proposée permettant de rompre avec les approches classiques et de penser l'articulation entre la structure organisationnelle et les mécanismes d'appropriation. L'ergonomie apparaît alors légitime à intervenir sur cet objet : ses objectifs et sa contribution historique aux savoirs de conception facilitent sa participation aux transformations de l'organisation. La thèse défendue est que l'organisation doit être conçue ou reconçue sous l'angle du développement. Le développement dont il est question ici est emprunté aux travaux à focalisation économique et renvoie plus spécifiquement à l'approche par les capabilités. Cette approche s'intéresse à ce que chaque individu est réellement en mesure de faire. Ceci suppose un environnement favorable, dit " capacitant ", qui doit guider l'action de l'ergonome. En poursuivant cet objectif, l'ergonome développe des méthodologies d'intervention qui peuvent également porter les prémices d'une organisation " capacitante " propice aux débats, à la construction de l'activité et au travail d'organisation.Dans cette optique, une recherche a été conduite à l'occasion de la mise en place d'un Centre de Services Partagés au sein d'un grand groupe. Une méthodologie de recherche et d'expérimentation a été définie en fonction des possibilités du contexte. Elle comporte trois étapes.La première étape analyse l'existant, identifie les questions non résolues par l'organisation et caractérise les déterminants des contradictions auxquelles l'activité doit faire face. Elle met en évidence que la structure organisationnelle, pensée par d'autres, a été imposée aux acteurs. De manière générale, les opportunités de choix, le rayon d'action et les possibilités effectives de réaliser un travail de qualité diminuent par rapport à la situation avant le changement. La seconde étape s'intéresse à la manière dont les opérateurs tentent de reconcevoir l'organisation dans l'usage. La façon dont ces tentatives sont discutées, leurs coûts et leurs effets sur la structure organisationnelle sont ensuite analysés. Il ressort que les opérateurs tentent de transformer les ressources en capabilités c'est-à-dire en possibilités effectives de faire un travail de la meilleure qualité possible. Pour cela, l'organisation du travail est modifiée, les procédures remises en question et contournées : le " client " est progressivement transformé en partenaire de l'activité mais dans un contexte contraint et figé. La troisième étape vise, à partir des pratiques et des souhaits des acteurs, à tester in situ une méthodologie de changement, la co-analyse constructive des pratiques. Cette méthodologie cherche à expérimenter une organisation capacitante et a pour objectif d'établir un environnement capacitant, favorable au déploiement de l'activité et à la réussite des acteurs. Des visites sont organisées afin d'inviter chaque opérateur à observer l'activité de son partenaire. L'activité " ici et maintenant " constitue alors un objet de dialogues, facilitant une pratique réflexive sur l'activité collective conjointe et une transformation des règles et pratiques. Ainsi, la recherche-expérimentation menée conduit à de nouvelles solutions organisationnelles et à la mise en mouvement de l'organisation. Le développement apparaît dès lors comme un objectif et un moyen de l'action menée. L'analyse diagnostique permet d'identifier ce qui autorise et entrave ce développement. L'action ergonomique est ensuite construite de façon à favoriser ce développement au cours même de l'action et a posteriori.
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Kotowski, Susan E. "A survey of ergonomic injuries in youth working on farms and an evaluation of several potential interventions." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212091342.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisor: Kermit G. Davis. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Aug. 3, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: ergonomics; agriculture; biomechanics; farming; youth; equipment; low back. Includes bibliographical references.
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Chender, Isabel, Raquel Luna Viggiani, and Zulma Patarroyo. "The Role of Rural Development Interventions in Creating a Sustainable Society." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2431.
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The inter-related social and ecological facets of global sustainability imply that the way society develops will impact the environment. Development presents complex, multifaceted challenges. Interventions in the developing world in the form of projects created by the agencies, organizations and agents of the international development community increasingly appreciate and seek to address these challenges. Yet, to do so effectively, interventions need to shift from fragmented, sector-specific approaches based on formal data reports to approaches that anticipate, adapt, transform, and learn. This research aims to complement and support the practical and theoretical knowledge of rural development agents with insights from practitioners using approaches that consider complexity in other fields, in order to explore how development interventions could play a role in moving society toward sustainability. A prototype guide for rural development interventions synthesizes results gathered from interviews with rural development agents within Latin America and learning experience designers into three levels: system, interaction, and personal. The Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) provides a systems perspective and unifying definition of sustainability. The interaction level presents key recommendations, rationale, and methods for action, and the personal level presents reflection questions. This research hopes to inspire mutual learning between development actors and communities.
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Butwin, Angela Nicole. "Teaching a Series of Mind-Body Techniques to Address the Risk of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Sonography Students: A Pilot Study." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460898220.
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Jaldestad, Ellen, and Ingrid Hansson. "Chefsutbildning i Psykosocial Arbetsmiljörond : Utvärdering av en utbildningsinsats inom primär stressprevention." Thesis, KTH, Ergonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176934.
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Bakgrund: Stress Prevention Project var ett pilotprojekt som pågick inom ett stort multinationellt högteknologiskt företag under åren 2012-2014. Syftet med projektet var att kartlägga rotorsakerna till medarbetarnas upplevda stress och att ta fram ett arbetssätt för att förebygga dessa rotorsaker. När pilotprojektet var avslutat togs beslut om att interventionen skulle implementeras i hela organisationen. Som inledning till interventionsprocessen kallades samtliga chefer och HR-personal till en utbildning i psykosocial arbetsmiljörond. Utbildningen innefattade dels en introduktion till psykosociala faktorer i arbetsmiljön och hur dessa kan påverka medarbetarna, dels en genomgång av den enkät som används för att kartlägga den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och hur dess resultat ska tolkas. Syfte: Syftet med den aktuella studien är att utvärdera det inledande utbildningstillfället, att utvärdera om det är disponerat på ett relevant sätt och vad dess innehåll tillför själva interventionsprocessen. Avgränsningar: Författarna har endast utvärderat det inledande utbildningstillfället som är en del av den större interventionen. Metod: Studien var en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tolkande och reflekterande ansats. Intervjuerna genomfördes i fokusgrupper om 2-4 deltagare. I undantagsfall genomfördes enskilda intervjuer, detta på grund av att det inte gick att samla alla chefer då deras scheman i övrigt var fullbokade. Ett urval av chefer från tre olika utbildningsomgångar och avdelningar tillfrågades om deltagande. Deltagandet var frivilligt och all information behandlades konfidentiellt. Resultat: Resultatet visar att utbildare och deltagare i stor utsträckning hade samma bild av vad utbildningen hade för mål och syfte samt att dessa uppfylldes med undantag av en målsättning. Trots genomgången utbildningen upplever flera deltagare att de fortfarande är dåligt rustade för att ta sig an arbetet med att förändra den psykosociala arbetsmiljön i sina respektive arbetsgrupper. De är dock nöjda med att utbildningen inleder interventionsprocessen och anser att den är viktig för interventionens kvalitet. De önskar även någon form av uppföljning av utbildningstillfället.Background: Stress Prevention Project was a pilot project that took place in a global high-tech company during 2012-2014. The aim of the project was to identify the root causes of employees' perceived stress and to develop an approach for preventing these root causes. When the pilot project was completed a decision was taken that the intervention would be implemented throughout the organization. As a prelude to the intervention process all managers and HR personnel participated in a training session in “Psychosocial Work Environment Round”. The training included an introduction to psychosocial factors in the work environment and how these may affect employees, and a review of the questionnaire that was used to identify the psychosocial working environment and how its results should be interpreted. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the initial training session, whether it is structured in a relevant way and what its content brings the intervention process. Limitations: The authors have only evaluated the initial training session that is a part of the larger intervention process. Method: The study was a qualitative interview study of interpretative and reflective approach. A selection of managers from three different training sessions and departments were asked to participate in the study. Participation was voluntary and all information treated confidentially. The interviews were carried out in focus groups of 2-4 participants. In exceptional cases individual interviews were conducted, this was because it was not possible to gather all the managers in the same session due to their different schedules. Results: The result shows that trainers and participants largely had the same perception regarding the aim and goals of the training session. All goals were met with one exception. Despite completed training session several of the participants still felt unsure how to manage and affect the psychosocial work environment in their working group. However, they are satisfied with the training session as well as the intervention process. They consider the training to be important to secure the quality of the intervention. The participant inquire for a follow-up of the training session.
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JASZKOWIAK, MATTHEW N. "A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A SAFETY AND HEALTH ERGONOMIC INTERVENTION FOR MANUAL SCRAP METAL SORTING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1060950687.
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Hull, Spring S. "Evaluation of ergonomic interventions for bucking bars in aircraft manufacturing." Diss., Wichita State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1489.
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Steel bucking bars used in sheet metal assembly tasks lack application of ergonomic principles. Four bucking bar interventions were evaluated and compared to a steel bucking bar. The interventions included a tungsten bucking bar, Viscolas® rubber wrap adhered to a steel bucking bar, a steel bar paired with an anti-vibration glove, and a steel bar with a detachable handle. All interventions and the steel bar were evaluated for vibration transmitted to the hand and elbow, relative muscle activity of the flexor and extensor muscle groups of the forearms, and usability. Vibration data collected at the hand revealed that the steel bucking bar transmitted the most vibration and the tungsten bucking bar transmitted the least. Transmission of vibration to the hand using the detachable handle was comparable to the tungsten bucking bar. All bucking bar interventions failed to meet the ANSI S2.70 standard for vibration exposure at the hand. Vibration measured at the elbow revealed that the tungsten bucking bar and the handle transmitted the least amount of vibration while the steel bucking bar and the steel bar with the Viscolas® wrap transmitted the most vibration to the elbow. The anti-vibration glove transmitted more vibration than the tungsten bar and the handle, but overall, less vibration was transmitted using the anti-vibration glove than the steel bar at both the hand and elbow. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure relative muscle activity of the flexor and extensor muscle groups. There were no significant differences between any of the interventions or the steel bar for the extensor muscle group. However, the handle produced the least amount of relative forearm flexor muscle activity. In terms of usability, participants perceived less exertion using the tungsten bucking bar and were more likely to recommend the tungsten bucking bars to others. Half of the participants ranked the tungsten bucking bar as their first choice of all the interventions tested. The handle and the wrap were also considered usable by most participants. Participants perceived the most exertion using the steel bucking bar and were less likely to recommend it to others. Vibration, EMG, and usability measures were also analyzed for differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic participants. Relative flexor muscle activity was found to be significantly different between the two groups. Symptomatic participants required less flexor muscle activity to grip the handle during the bucking task comparable to muscle activity levels in asymptomatic participants. The anti-vibration glove produced the highest mean flexor muscle activity in symptomatic participants. Conversely, the glove produced the lowest mean flexor muscle activity in asymptomatic participants. In conclusion, the steel bucking bar transmitted more vibration to the hand and elbow and was not considered usable in terms of preference and perceived exertion. The tungsten bucking bar decreased vibration transmission to the hand and elbow without increased relative grip muscle activity. Decreased flexor muscle activity was observed for the handle and was especially pronounced in symptomatic participants. In general, the anti-vibration glove and Viscolas® wrap did transmit less vibration than the steel bucking bar alone. However, these types of interventions may be better suited for damping high frequency, low impact vibration.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology
"December 2007."
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Hull, Spring S. Chaparro Barbara. "Evaluation of ergonomic interventions for bucking bars in aircraft manufacturing /." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/1489.
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Muslim, Khoirul. "Traditional Posterior Load Carriage: Ergonomic Assessment and Intervention Efficacy." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23726.
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There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among manual material handling (MMH) workers. However, limited investigations have been undertaken among one large group of workers using a particular MMH method called traditional posterior load carriage (PLC). Such load carriage is typically done without the use of an assistive device (e.g., backpack) in developing countries, and involves exposure to known risk factors for MSS such as heavy loads, non-neutral postures, and high levels of repetition. The current work was completed to investigate the characteristics of the PLC task and physical effects on workers, and to evaluate a practical intervention that may help improve the task. The first study investigated, through structured interviews with 108 workers, the types, prevalence, and impacts of MSS. PLC workers incur a relatively high MSS burden, primarily in the lower back, but also in the feet, knees, shoulders, and neck. These MSS were reported to interfere with daily activity, but only few workers sought medical treatment. Workers suggested several task improvements including the use of a belt, hook, or backpack/frame, and changes in the carriage method. The second and third study investigated, in a laboratory setting involving nine healthy males, the effects of load mass and size, and the use of a simple intervention, respectively, on factors related to low back pain risks during PLC. Increasing load mass caused increased torso flexion, lumbosacral flexion moment, abdominal muscle activity, and torso movement stability in the frontal plane. Increasing load size also caused higher torso flexion, peak torso angular velocity and acceleration, and abdominal muscle activity. Complex interactive effects of load mass and size were found on paraspinal muscle activity and slip risk. The intervention, involving a simple frame to support a load, and use with a higher load placement was found to be potentially beneficial as indicated by reduced lumbosacral moment and ratings of perceived discomfort in several anatomical regions compared to the traditional PLC. Outcomes of this research can facilitate future ergonomic guidelines and interventions to improve working conditions and occupational health and safety for PLC workers.Ph. D.
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Renz, Miriam Christina. "Laboratory investigation of a simulated industrial task pre- and post-ergonomics intervention." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015806.
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The focus of the present study was on the investigation of the effects of an intervention strategy on an industrial task in situ and a simulation of the same task within a laboratory setting. The task of offloading crates from a truck at a local business was simulated in a laboratory setting for rigorous analysis. The effect of an ergonomically sound intervention on selected physical, physiological and perceptual variables was evaluated in a test - retest experimental set-up using 28 young, healthy male students. Each of the two experimental conditions lasted for 16 minutes. In the pre-intervention task subjects were required to transfer the crates from one point to another by sliding them along the floor. During the execution of the post-intervention task responses to reductions in the stacking height and modifications of the working method were evaluated. Results obtained for spinal kinematics during the simulated industrial task indicated a high biomechanical risk, due to large ranges of motion, high velocities and accelerations in the sagittal and transverse planes. The heavy workload of the task was also evident in elevated physiological responses (HR, RF, VT, VE, VO2, RQ, EE) and perceptual ratings (RPE, Body Discomfort). Assessment of the intervention strategy revealed that the high risk industrial task was reduced to moderate acceptable, with measurements of spinal kinematics, physiological and perceptual variables being significantly reduced. An in situ re-assessment of the workers responses to the intervention also elicited reductions in heart rates and perceptual ratings compared to the original task.
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Conlon, Craig Fertig. "A study of ergonomic risk factors and interventions among aerospace engineers." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1568065861&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Neumann, W. Patrick. "Production ergonomics : identifying and managing risk in the design of high performance work systems /." Lund : Univ, 2004. http://ebib.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/ext/patrick_neumann/production_ergonomics_identifying.pdf.
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Trevelyan, Fiona Catherine. "The implementation and evaluation of an ergonomics intervention in a health care setting." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326894.
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Helali, Faramarz. "Developing an ergonomics intervention technique model to support the participatory ergonomics process for improving work systems in organizations in an industrially developing country and its ‘Meta-Reflection'." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26659.
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The Ergonomics Intervention Programme (EIP) can be a means of guaranteeing the most efficient use of the labour force of an industrially developing country (IDC) by creating safe and appropriate working conditions. Many problems at work can be resolved with ergonomics intervention, but persist due to a lack of ergonomics awareness and ‘know-how', as well as poor social awareness in education. This thesis represents an attempt at investigating how the Ergonomics Intervention Programme (EIP) and Ergonomics Intervention Programme Techniques (EIPTs) can be implemented in an organization by using an Ergonomics Intervention Technique (EIT) process (i.e. EIP activities, EIP team, and EIP process). The objective was to develop an action-oriented intervention process for the improvement of health and safety, as well as trying to improve work systems in IDC industries. To respond to these purposes, two main questions and four different sub-questions were formulated in this study as follows: I. Why are the efforts of these industries to implement and internalise the EIP being constrained? a. What are the main causes of these constraints? b. Is it that the EIP is difficult to implement? II. How should the EIPTs be delivered to the Iranian Industries and possibly to other organizations in IDCs, so that they can easily learn how to use them successfully? c. How can EIPTs be successfully implemented and internalised by such organizations? d. What practical activities are required for the EIPTs' implementation? This thesis also describes the development and results of using various methods during the last 10 years and illustrates the challenges of introducing EIP to Iranian industries. In this thesis, two complementary strategies have been used to collect and analyze evidence. Empirical evidence has been collected through case studies from pre-intervention phase of the EIP in Iranian Industries (as archival analysis), and action research in the three subsidiary companies while theoretical evidence has been collected through a literature study. Put simply, the conception of action research that I used is one of ‘learning by doing; individually and collectively'. One popular action research model is ‘reflecting, planning, acting, and observing'. The main difference between action research and the case study approach is noted in this study. Furthermore, in this study I mention many kinds of action research described as ‘Action Research' (AR), ‘Participatory Action Research' (PAR), and ‘Participatory and Appreciative Action Research' (PAAR). The purpose was to distinguish between the different kinds of reflections in joining up practice with theory, or ‘knowing-in-action' (i.e. the context was the EIP), including: ‘reflection-in-action' (i.e. the EIP was by ETWs), ‘reflection-on-practice, (i.e. EIP was by EIPTs) and ‘Meta-reflection' (i.e. this is thinking again about our reflection-on- practice). Based on data analyses and outcomes, an understanding was derived about factors which impact on the implementation of the EIPT Process Model. The main EIP activities were: Awakening for changing (A), Vision (V), Method of the EIPT (M), Learning (L), and Integrating (I)). Furthermore, the EIPT method in Study H was formulated to include, Participatory Ergonomics (PE) and Ergonomics Awareness Building (EAB). EAB includes; Ergonomics Training (ET), Ergonomics Application (EA), and Evaluation (E). Research Activities (RA) and Network Building (NB). The EIP team includes: action groups (AGs), a Steering Committee (SC), and Facilitator (s) (FA). The EIP process includes; routine (pre-intervention) tasks, modified (EIP process) tasks, and new EIP (post-intervention) tasks. Two key research questions emerged in the process of reflecting on the EIP. They were: (1) ‘What is it we want more of here, and how can we amplify this?' and (2) ‘How does the future unfold from an appreciation of the positive present?' These new research questions are the other side of this study. The author has discussed trying to get the EIP conversations to ‘Tip' positively. This opened up the possibility of having new kinds of conversation through EIP studies and for further research. For example, firstly, focusing on the root cause of a ‘problem' and risk of managing it, is essentially a conversation about what we may want less of here. Secondly, if we use our appreciative intelligence (i.e. the ability to perceive the positive inherent generative potential within the present), we open up the possibility of trying to understand the root cause of success. These conversations are about what we may want more of here. The main knowledge contribution of this study was the development and evaluation of a generally-applicable EIP and a range of EITs based on macro- ergonomics theory. Thus, the focus was mainly on improving workplace action and using participatory ergonomics processes through, the use of the EIPTs. Implementing and sustaining change were made possible by commitment to continual learning and focus on new improvement in action. The major outcome was a ‘Proposed model for the ergonomics ‘know-how' transfer at individual, group, and organizational levels in an IDC (at Micro/Macro ergonomics levels)'. The outcomes of this study are also used to provide industrial managers with a set of principles and processes to practically deal with ergonomics ‘know-how' transfer. Furthermore, Participatory, and Appreciative Action Research (PAAR) can help to develop an understanding of different ways to apply (research) ergonomics intervention techniques in an IDC. It is therefore a positive outcome and further development of this study. Pursuing the general question of PAAR; ‘what is it we want more of here and how can we amplify this?' I use an acronym ‘C.R.E.A.T.I.V.E' to point out some interesting avenues for future research. I hope this will be the next part of the EIP journey in the IDC. It will involve ‘heart, head, and hands' and especially behaviours that are ‘Human centered, Participatory, and Appreciative'!Godkänd; 2008; 20080602 (ysko)
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Radin, Umar Radin Zaid. "Ergonomic Interventional Design of an Articulated Arm for Echocardiography Application." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1293678856.
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Johnson, Monica R. "Understanding Factors That Affect the Adoption of Ergonomic Intervention Among EMS Workers." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1293401168.
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Stephens, Derek A. "Tools for Ergonomic Intervention: The Development and Analysis of a Cost Calculator." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1582268913341823.
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Cockell, Fernanda Flavia. "Incorporação e apropriação dos resultados de uma intervenção ergonômica: um estudo de caso." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3428.
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Previous issue date: 2004-12-14Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The recent changes in the work s world have modified and amplified the performance field of the ergonomics. Through a brief methodological discussion about the Ergonomic Work Analysis and a bibliographical revision about undertaken ergonomic interventions, it was verified that the results of work transformation through Ergonomic Work Analysis not always will be positive. Consequently, this work had an objective of analyzing an ergonomic intervention accomplished in a powdered detergent company, due to understand how ergonomic actions are incorporated for the different social actors and how the company, through the management, could appropriate of the results in behalf of the production. The process of activity transformation of the Vincador, from the initial demand for recommendations implemetation and validation, as well as the established social relationships and the Vincadores roles, managers, Internal Committee of Ergonomics and the company were analyzed under the Ergonomic Work Analysis point of view. The results showed that Vincadores work rhythm has increased after the ergonomic recommendations implemetation as a consequence of management s appropriation of regulations margins, whose intention was to increase the process effectiveness without considering the balance between health versus productivity. The non-incorporation of the activity point of view helped, therefore, that changes of interests, values and the involved actors logic s, lead to commitment break, before firmed among those, turning the new situation noxious for the Vincadores health.
As recentes alterações no mundo do trabalho modificaram e ampliaram o campo de atuação da ergonomia. Através de uma breve discussão metodológica sobre a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET) e uma revisão bibliográfica sobre intervenções ergonômicas empreendidas, pôde-se constatar que os resultados da transformação do trabalho pela AET nem sempre serão positivos. Diante deste cenário, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar uma intervenção ergonômica realizada em uma empresa de detergente em pó, para compreender como as ações ergonômicas são incorporadas pelos diferentes atores sociais e como a empresa, através da gerência, pode se apropriar dos resultados obtidos em benefício apenas da produção. O processo de transformação da atividade do Vincador, desde a demanda inicial até a implementação e validação das recomendações, assim como as relações sociais estabelecidas e o papel dos Vincadores, dos gerentes, do Comitê Interno de Ergonomia e da empresa foram analisados sob o ponto de vista da AET. Os resultados mostraram que após a implementação das recomendações ergonômicas, ocorreu a intensificação do ritmo de trabalho dos Vincadores como conseqüência da apropriação das margens de regulação pela gerência, que visava a maior eficácia do processo sem considerar o equilíbrio saúde versus produtividade. A não incorporação do ponto de vista da atividade possibilitou, portanto, que as mudanças de interesses, valores e lógicas dos atores envolvidos, levassem a quebra do compromisso que havia sido firmado entre esses, tornando a nova situação, nociva à saúde dos Vincadores.
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Bloom, Benjamin H. "Evaluation of the potential for ergonomic interventions at the XYZ Company's midwestern production facility." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006bloomb.pdf.
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Combes, Christelle. "La co-intervention à l’école primaire comme source de l’activité des professeurs ? : Contribution à une ergonomie de l’activité enseignante." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3086/document.
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L’objet de la thèse est d’étudier l’activité de travail de professeurs engagés dans un nouveau dispositif : la co-intervention. En France, la réussite de tous les élèves à l’école primaire s’appuie sur un postulat : le travail collectif des enseignants fait évoluer les pratiques pédagogiques et améliorer les résultats des élèves. Les réformes éducatives se multiplient et conduisent à une diversification de la forme scolaire et une complexification du travail enseignant. Plusieurs projets expérimentent depuis plusieurs années la co-intervention, où deux enseignants travaillent ensemble au sein même de la classe. Notre recherche en ergonomie de l’activité enseignante donne à voir et à réfléchir sur la ré-organisation des milieux de travail et les motifs de l’activité conjointe dans les dispositifs d’aide en co-intervention, source potentielle d’une activité dialogique qui ouvre à de nouvelles manières de faire « possibles » et une transformation des pratiques. La co-intervention est une nouvelle situation de travail qui bouscule les dimensions collectives telles qu’elles existent pour un maître seul dans sa classe. Contrairement à l’affirmation institutionnelle, nos résultats montrent que co-intervenir avec un enseignant ordinaire ou un enseignant spécialisé ne produit pas forcément une activité conjointe ni un débat professionnel sur les manières de faire et de penser orientés vers les élèves en difficulté d’apprentissageThis research aims at studying the work of teachers who are experimenting a new system : co-teaching. In France, it is widely considered that the academic success of all elementary school pupils relies on the teachers' collective work, which makes teaching practices evolve and improves pupils' results. Educational reforms multiply, leading to more diverse teaching methods and a more complex teaching job. Many projects have been experimenting co-teaching for severaly years, with two teachers working together in the same classroom.Our research in teaching activity ergonomics gives us some visibility and food for thought concerning a new organization of the working environment and the reasons justifying joint activity in those new ways to help the pupils in the school system. If co-teaching is a new work frame that allows to redefine what has to be done and how to do it, it then becomes the source of some dialogic activity that opens new horizons and new possible ways to work as well as changing practices. Unlike what the educational authorities are saying, our results show that co-teaching with a regular or a specialized teacher does not necessarily lead to similar joint activities, nor does it produce a professional debate on the ways of acting and thinking with underachieving pupils
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Muller, Sabine. "A simple ergonomic intervention for neck and upper back musculoskeletal pain in computer users." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96938.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The use of computers at school, university, work and for social media is growing and whilst neck pain is common in the general population, computer users have an even higher prevalence. Incorrect workstation ergonomics have been identified as a risk factor for the development of neck pain in computer workers. Aims: To assess the effect of adjusting chair and monitor height of a female office worker’s computer workstation on work related neck and upper back pain intensity, comfort of her sitting posture and disability. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the A-B-C design consisting of a computer workstation adjustment involving chair and monitor height of a female office worker. The effect of the intervention was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to measure neck and upper back pain intensity and comfort of sitting position, and the Neck Disability Index to measure disability. The effect of the intervention was assessed over the three phases, consisting of four weeks each. During these phases, the participant could continue with her usual computer work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: A reduction in neck and upper back pain intensity as well as an increase in sitting comfort position were found. However these improvements were not statistically or clinically significant. The effect size for pain intensity was 0.76 and for sitting comfort 0.21. The participant reported no disability as measured by the Neck Disability Index, at the start and at the end at the end of the study. Conclusion: The vertical adjustment of this female office worker’s chair and monitor height according to her anthropometrics improved neck and upper back pain intensity and comfort of sitting position. This ergonomic workstation intervention could form part of a practical management option for computer users with neck and upper back pain. Further research is recommended to establish whether these findings are generalizable to the wider community of computer users.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Probleemstelling: Die gebruik van rekenaars by skole, universiteite, werksplekke en vir sosiale doeleindes neem toe. Nek pyn kom dikwels in die algemene bevolking voor, maar dit is meer prevalent in rekenaargebruikers. ‘n Werkstasie wat nie ergonomies korrek opgestel is nie, is geidentifiseer as ‘n risikofaktor vir die ontwikkeling van nekpyn in rekenaar werkers. Doelwitte: Om te bepaal of aanpassings in die stoel- en beeldskerm hoogte van ‘n vroulike kantoor werker se rekenaar werkstasie, ‘n effek het op werksverwante nek en boonste rug pyn, sitgemak en funksionele vermoë. Methode: Die N=1 studie met ‘n A-B-C ontwerp is onderneem en het bestaan uit n rekenaar werkstasie aanpassing waarby die hoogte van die stoel en beeldskerm van ‘n vroulike relenaargebruiker aangepas is. Die effek van die intervensie is ge-evalueer deur middle van die visueel analoogskaal (VAS) om pyn en sitgemak te bepaal; en die Nek Ongeskiktheids Indeks (NOI) om gestremtheid te bepaal. Die effek van die intervensie is oor drie fases, wat elk bestaan het uit vier weke, evalueer. Gedurende die fases, kon die deelnemer met haar gewone rekenaarwerk voortgaan. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Resultate: Daar was ‘n vemindering in die intensiteit van nekpyn, boonste rug pyn en die sitgemak van die individu het ook verbeter. Hierdie verbeteringe was egter nie statisties of klinies betekenisvol nie. Die effek grootte vir pyn intensiteit was 0.76 en vir sitgemak was 0.21. Die deelnemer het geen gestremdheid gerapporteer, soos gemeet met die NOI met aanvangs van die studie of teen die einde van die studie nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van hierdie vroulike rekenaar werker volgens haar antropometrie het bygedra tot ‘n verbetering in nek en boonste rug pyn, asook sitgemak. Hierdie ergonomiese werkstasie intervensie kan deel vorm van die praktiese hantering van nek en boonste rug pyn in rekenaargebruikers. Verdere navorsing wod aanbeveel om te bepaal of hierdie bevindinge veralgemeenbaar is na die wyer gemeenskap van rekenaarverbruikers.
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Mendes, Luciane Frizo. "O processo de mudanças ergonômicas e as relações entre saúde e trabalho: um estudo de caso." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3523.
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Previous issue date: 2003-01-01Ergonomics changes in the work place interfere in the relation between over operators work and health. This case study had as its objective to analyze the repercussions of a process of changes technical and organizational due to ergonomic projects in a school material plant. Two company sectors were selected which are responsible for the main product external completion. One of the sectors received the full ergonomic intervention and the other had only little adjustments. In order to develop this study, the following procedures were executed: questionnaire applications, observations in order to understand the work activity in both sectors and interviews with the objective of comprehending different actors perception of changes in the in the company. The results indicated that, after the ergonomic intervention, there was a reduction in absenteeism due to RSI/WRMD, changes in physical and cognitive task requests, a differentiated interpretation of results for each social group in the company and na appropriation, by the company, of the results and transformation process started by the ergonomic project for other purposes. This case study revealed the importance of the evaluation process of an ergonomic intervention, because it confirms that a positive result in relation to the demand that originated the intervention, will not always grant future improvements. The analyzed situation points to new problems, whose repercussions are not yet known, but need to be discussed.
As modificações ergonômicas no ambiente de trabalho interferem na relação entre saúde e trabalho. Este estudo de caso teve como objetivo analisar as repercussões do processo de mudanças técnicas e organizacionais decorrentes dos projetos de ergonomia de uma empresa do setor de material escolar sobre o trabalho e a saúde dos operadores. Foram selecionados dois setores responsáveis pela etapa de acabamento externo do principal produto da empresa. Um setor recebeu a intervenção ergonômica e o outro sofreu pequenas modificações. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos: aplicação de questionários, observações para compreender a atividade de trabalho nos dois setores e entrevistas para percepção das mudanças nos diferentes atores da empresa. Os resultados apontaram que após a intervenção ergonômica houve diminuição dos afastamentos por LER/DORT, modificações nas exigências físicas e cognitivas das tarefas, uma interpretação dos resultados da intervenção diferenciada para cada grupo social da empresa e apropriação pela empresa dos resultados e do processo de transformação do projeto de ergonomia para outros fins. O estudo deste caso revelou a importância do processo de avaliação de uma intervenção ergonômica, porque confirma que um resultado positivo em relação à demanda da intervenção nem sempre irá garantir condições de trabalho satisfatórias. A situação estudada aponta novos problemas cujas repercussões ainda são desconhecidas, mas que necessitam ser discutidas.
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Tran, Van Arnaud. "Pratique collective de l’intervention ergonomique : comment les ergonomes font‐ils pour travailler ensemble ? : l’exemple de la pratique des ergonomes consultants." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21704/document.
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Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif de proposer une lecture de l’intervention ergonomique et des modèles sous‐jacents à la pratique, à partir de la compréhension des spécificités du travail collectif des ergonomes consultants.Pour instruire cette question de recherche, nous avons identifié les caractéristiques du travail collectif, puis considérant l’ergonome consultant comme un opérateur, nous avons cherché à caractériser les spécificités du travail collectif. Pour cela, nous avons étudié les modèles d’intervention sous‐jacents à la pratique et nous avons recherché les modalités d’instanciations nécessaires aux particularités du travail des consultants energonomie.La problématique traitée est issue d’une construction progressive entre la pratique et la recherche. La méthodologie originale, développée dans ce travail, reflète cette construction. Cette démarche et les données rassemblées permettent ainsi de montrer que la compréhension de l’activité de travail des consultants doit passer par une analyse préalable de leurs déterminants professionnels. Celle‐ci permet de comprendre les modalités d’instanciation des macros modèles souples d’intervention, nécessaires à la gestion des variabilités des demandes traitées et des contextes d’interventions. Cette compréhension du travail des ergonomes permet d’appréhender pourquoi les ergonomes ne font pas tous la même chose et quelles sont les conditions favorables au travail collectif dans l’intervention ergonomiqueThe aim of this research is to propose a reading of ergonomics intervention and of models underlying practice of ergonomics, on the basis of the understanding of the specificities of consultants ergonomists collective work.To address this research question, we identified characteristics of collective work, then considering the consultants ergonomists as an operator, we aim at characterising specificities of collective work. In this sense,we studied intervention models underlying practice and we searched for instantiations of these models that are required for the work of consultants ergonomists.Our research question has been elaborated through a progressive construction between research and practice.The novel methodology developed in this work reflects this construction. This approach and our collected data highlight that the understanding of consultants ergonomists activity comes through a preliminary analysis oftheir professionals determinants. This analysis helps in understanding instantiations of flexible intervention macro‐models, which are necessary to cope with variability of proposals and contexts of interventions. This understanding of the work of ergonomists helps in apprehending the reason why ergonomists have various actions and the favourable conditions for collective work during ergonomics interventions
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Villaneuva, Raul. "Evaluation of an Ergonomic Intervention Program for the Prevention of Cumulative Trauma Disorders in Industry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500596/.
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The present study analyzed the health benefits data of employees in a southwestern United States manufacturing plant. The data consisted of the prevalence rates of headaches, muscle injuries, upper respiratory complaints, and colds/flu for baseline (1985) and intervention levels (1986-1988) for five high-risk jobs. The prevalence rates of headaches and muscle injuries decreased significantly (p < .001) from baseline levels for all five job groups. Comparisons with a nontreatment group revealed significant decreases (p < .05) for three of the five job groups. The findings support the efficacy of the ergonomic interventions. A health surveillance system is recommended for early detection and prevention of cumulative trauma disorders.
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Tang, Minghao. "An Investigation of an Ergonomic Intervention on Neck Biomechanics and Pain due to Smartphone Use." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471252572.
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Ahasan, M. R. (M Rabiul). "Occupational health, safety and ergonomic issues in small and medium-sized enterprises in a developing country." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268121.
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Abstracts Data and information accumulated during several years of questionnaire and checklist surveys; site visits and walk-thorough investigations in some small and medium-sized enterprises provided the basis of this thesis. Seven articles are included in this thesis, dealing with workers' physical, physiological, cognitive and psychosocial issues. The data were collected on the target group of workers from different work sites in Bangladesh for a comprehensive assessment of tasks, jobs and ergonomic issues. Jobs and tasks were classified according to the job content and task activity they performed. Most of the subjects were interviewed and some of them volunteered for physiological tests to bring attention to their occupational exposure to potentially strenuous activities in a hot and humid climate. The results showed that their working environment was non-ergonomic, not only because of the work-related problems themselves but also because of stressful tasks, extensive use of muscle force, old machinery, economic constraints, and a lack of enforcement of work regulations and labour legislation. The findings also demonstrated that the workers were associated with an increased risk of occupational hazards due to various local reasons. The results of the case studies give some insight towards a better understanding of health, safety and ergonomics applications that may contribute to bring working society together and initiate a broad-based improvement of the working environment in many developing countries like Bangladesh. The practical concern of this thesis is to improve the design of the workstation as well as to improve a worker's safe manipulation of tools and equipment and control of machinery, critical posture, and so on. This thesis also attempts to contribute the author's own views and suggestions with the hope of drawing workers' and employers' awareness and public attention towards unsafe acts and conditions, and for increasing the implementation of work regulations and labour legislation. In order to discern probable solutions, this thesis implies a prerequisite of low cost engineering solutions in the small and medium-sized enterprises. As such, it outlines applications of locally available technology utilising practical knowledge, which also provide practical approaches so that work-tasks are less stressful but productive, and safe. So, to help ergonomic application to be effective, some technical measures appropriate for local environments are thus illustrated that can be directly implemented in the developing countries like Bangladesh to prevent and control work-related problems. However, the ultimate improvement will depend on the attitude of the people involved at all levels of an interactive system, while health and safety measures are introduced in synchronisation with local systems and/or existing environments. Emphasising the workers' cognitive, psychosocial and socio-economic improvement through self-help and self-care strategies, this thesis also concludes with the belief that the attitude of the local workers, and an indifferent working culture are the arbiters of work-related problems. It is therefore essential that a concrete implementation of locally available measures be made, establishing ergonomic changes in collaboration with all the parties concerned for particular job-tasks and work processes. To help initiate this process, a more work-thorough investigation is necessary through the guidance of co-ordinated research and studies. For this, an understanding of employers' attitudes and workers' involvement is essential; as well as having a grasp of the logic and reasoning behind workplace survey and the need for adequate injury records and work-related informationTiivistelmä Väitöskirjaan sisältyy seitsemän artikkelia, jotka käsittelevät työntekijöiden fyysisiä, fysiologisia, kognitiivisia ja psykososiaalisia asioita. Tiedot kerättiin eri kohteista Bangladeshissa keskittyen työtehtävien arviointiin ja ergonomiaan liittyviin tekijöihin. Aineisto on kerätty useiden vuosien ajan kyselykaavakkeiden ja tarkastuslistojen avulla; vierailut ja tutkimukset paikan päällä pienissä ja keskisuurissa yrityksissä muodostivat perustan tälle väitöskirjalle. Työtehtävät jaettiin sisällön ja aktiviteetin mukaan. Tutkimukseen osallistuneita työntekijöitä haastateltiin ja jotkut heistä olivat vapaaehtoisia fysiologisiin testeihin, joilla selvitettiin heidän altistumistaan mahdollisesti rasittaviin töihin kuumassa ja kosteassa ympäristössä. Tulokset osoittivat, että tutkittujen henkilöiden työympäristö oli epäergonominen, ei ainoastaan työhön liittyvien ongelmien takia, vaan myös stressin, liiallisen voimankäytön, vanhojen koneiden, taloudellisten tekijöiden sekä työhön liittyvien säännösten ja lainsäädännön puutteiden vuoksi. Tulokset osoittivat myös, että työntekijöiden riski työtapaturmiin oli kasvanut paikallisten syiden takia. Tulokset auttavat paremmin ymmärtämään terveys-, turvallisuus- ja ergonomiasovelluksia, joiden avulla työyhteisöjen osapuolet voivat käynnistää laaja-alaisen työympäristön parantamisen monissa kehitysmaissa kuten Bangladeshissä. Väitöskirjan käytännöllisen puolen tarkoituksena on työpisteiden ja -paikkojen suunnittelu ja työkalujen turvallisen käytön ja koneiden hallinnan sekä työasentojen edistäminen. Väitöskirja tuo myös esille kirjoittajan omia ehdotuksia ja näkökantoja mahdollisuuksiin lisätä työntekijöiden sekä työnantajien että julkista huomiota, vaarallisiin työtehtäviin ja -oloihin. Väitöstyö pyrkii lisäämään työn säännösten ja työvoimalainsäädännön huomioon ottoa. Työ esittelee myös teknisiä ratkaisuja pieniin ja keskisuuriin yrityksiin. Väitöskirja esittelee sovelluksia, joita paikallisen teknologian puitteissa voidaan käyttää hyväksi. Lisäksi se tarjoaa ergonomisia malleja, jotta työt olisivat vähemmän rasittavia ja sekä tuottavia että turvallisia. Ergonomisen toimenpiteen tehokkuus on pyritty nojaamaan myös paikallisuuteen. Ne voidaan suoraan toteuttaa kehitysmaassa, kuten Bangladeshissä estämään ja kontrolloimaan työperäisiä ongelmia. Kuitenkin lopulliset parannukset riippuvat paikallisten ihmisten asenteista, joita on vuorovaikutteisen järjestelmäkokonaisuuden kaikkien osapuolien tasoilla. Terveys- ja turvallisuustekijät esitetään liitettyinä paikalliseen kulttuuriin ja yhteiskuntaan tai olemassa olevaan ympäristöön. Painottaen työntekijöiden kognitiivisia, psykososiaalisia ja sosioekonomisia parannuksia oman avun kautta tämä väitöskirja myös päätyy siihen, että paikallisten työntekijöiden asenteet ja välinpitämätön työkulttuuri voivat olla työperäisten ongelmien alkusyitä. Sen tähden on olennaista, että paikallisten toimenpiteiden konkreettinen toteutus saadaan aikaan. Ergonomiset muutokset tehdään yhteistyössä kaikkien työprosessin osapuolten kanssa. Jotta tätä kehitysprosessia helpotettaisiin, on tehtävä enemmän toimenpiteitä myös tutkimuksen ja opiskelun alueilla. Tämän takia työnantajien asenteiden ymmärtäminen ja työntekijöiden osallistuminen on olennaista; sekä se, että löydetään käsitys toimenpiteiden logiikasta ja seurauksista työpaikalla. Näiden lisäksi tarvitaan myös onnettomuusrekisteri sekä työtä koskevaa informaatiota
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Wanyonyi, Nancy Eileen Nekoye. "The effect of a knowledge-based ergonomic intervention amongst administrators at AGA Khan University Hospital, Nairobi." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4583.
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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)Lack of adherence to the correct working conditions exposes workers to ergonomics-related hazards and eventually work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) which are estimated at 160 million per year globally. Literature shows that with modernization by use of computers, administrators are exposed to prolonged sitting and long working hours which predisposes them to ergonomic hazards. Low back pain and neck pain are the leading work-related musculoskeletal disorders with a lifetime prevalence of 70 - 80% and 50 - 60% respectively.Both low back pain and neck pain have a multifactorial aetiology that includes work-related and individual related factors. Lack of reporting of work-related injuries has led to paucity of statistical literature with regards to work-related low back pain and neck pain, especially in the developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ergonomics related low back pain and neck pain, and describe the effect of a knowledge-based ergonomic intervention among administrators in Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUH, N). A mixed method design was used in this study using a survey and two focus group discussions(FGD). A self-administered questionnaire that is in four sections was administered to 208 participants. The questionnaire sought the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, the knowledge of participants with regards to low back pain and neck pain as well as the work-related and individual risk factors related to the same. The dissemination of the study results involved a one hour knowledge-based ergonomic session given to all interested participants, based on the information from the survey. Two FGD with purposive selection of eight participants were held to explore their experience on the value of the information provided.The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 was used to capture and analyze the quantitative data. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the study findings in the form of means, frequencies, standard deviations and percentages. Inferential statistics (chi-square) was used to test the associations between different categorical variables (p<0.05). For the qualitative data, the tape recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, field notes typed, sorting and arranging data was done and themes were generated. Thematic content analysis was used to generate the themes. The aim of the study, confidentiality and the participants‘ freedom to withdraw from the study were explained. Informed consent was also obtained before the survey and FGD and referral was made where necessary. The findings of the current study revealed that the study participants were knowledgeable about ergonomics-related low back pain and neck pain however this knowledge was not directly translated into behaviour. Low back pain (LBP) had the highest twelve month prevalence at 75.5% followed by neck pain at 67.8%, and LBP showed significant associations at p< 0.05 with some work-related and individual risk factors. The results of the FGDs showed that most participants had positive behavioural and attitudinal change post the knowledge-based ergonomic intervention despite the challenges they met in implementing the behavioural change. These results therefore show the need for continual education about ergonomics to create awareness on the predisposing factors to work-related LBP and neck pain, hence promoting a healthier quality of life amongst employees through adherence to healthy work behavioural practice.
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Eklöf, Mats. "Interventions for safe and healthy work /." Stockholm : Göteborg : Arbetslivsinstitutet ; Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2004. http://ebib.arbetslivsinstitutet.se/ah/2004/ah2004_12.pdf.
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Raspaud, Anne. "De la compréhension collective de l'activité réelle à la conception participative de l'organisation : plaidoyer pour une intervention ergonomique capacitante." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0959/document.
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Cette thèse applique et développe le paradigme de l’ergonomie constructive à la conception de l’organisation. Le développement de l’individu et des organisations est présenté à travers l’approche des capabilités et plus spécifiquement par l’approche des capabilités collectives, qui ne sont pas la seule juxtaposition ou agrégation de capabilités individuelles mais supposent l’émergence d’une possibilité nouvelle et collective d’agir et de créer.Dans cette dynamique développementale et constructive, la recherche s’appuie sur une intervention de (re)conception d’un processus de soin innovant - la chirurgie ambulatoire - et définit et met en oeuvre une méthodologie de l’intervention qui pose le développement comme le moyen et la finalité de l’action. La méthodologie repose sur la mise en place d’un environnement qui (au moins le temps de l’intervention) soit capacitant et sur une démarche ergonomique qui serve le développement des capabilités des opérateurs au travers de l’activité collective conjointe. Le résultat de ce processus est la mise en oeuvre d’une agencéité collective qui permet au groupe d’atteindre un objectif commun de transformation des règles de travail. Cette volonté partagée entre les membres du groupe et les possibilités effectives ont facilité la conception d’une organisation du travail collectif.Deux étapes ont guidé l’intervention ergonomique : la construction du diagnostic de la situation à transformer et la conduite du changement de l’organisation à améliorer. La première étape a consisté à analyser le travail et ses contradictions : en quoi l’organisation constitue-t-elle un frein ou un moteur au développement de l’activité collective conjointe, ressource au développement des capabilités collectives ? Les résultats du diagnostic ont mis en évidence le bouleversement des standards professionnels des soignants engendré par la chirurgie ambulatoire et la difficulté des soignants à construire une organisation qui favorise le collectif transverse et l’activité collective conjointe. Au regard de ces résultats, la seconde étape a favorisé et soutenu la participation active des opérateurs aux démarches de changement et de conception. Dans un premier temps l’ergonome a mis en place une dynamique encourageant la confrontation des représentations du travail de chacun et leur mise en débat. Cette dynamique a permis la construction d’une représentation partagée de l’existant, nécessaire à la conception d’une situation future. Dans un second temps, une méthodologie de conception participative de l’organisation a été mise en oeuvre, aboutissant à un projet d’organisation de la chirurgie ambulatoire.Cette recherche interroge enfin la compréhension du rôle de l’ergonome comme facteur de conversion dans ce processus de transformation de l’organisation et la modélisation de l’action ergonomique de transformationThis thesis develops and applies the paradigm of constructive ergonomics to organizational design. The development of individuals and organizations is presented through the capability approach, and more specifically through the approach of collective capabilities. These are not the mere juxtaposition or aggregation of individual capabilities but involve the emergence of a new and collective possibility to act and create.In this constructive and developmental perspective, the research is based on a redesign intervention regarding an innovative care process - outpatient surgery. It defines and implements an intervention methodology that considers development as the means and the end of the action. The methodology rests on setting up an enabling environment (at least during the intervention) and an ergonomic approach which supports the development of operators' capabilities through the joint collective activity. This process promotes a collective agency which allows the group to fulfil a common goal of transforming work rules. This shared commitment within the group and the actual opportunities for change have facilitated the design of an organization of collective work.The ergonomic intervention has proceeded in 2 steps: the construction of a diagnosis regarding the situation to be transformed and the management of the organizational change. The first step consisted in analyzing work and its contradictions: is the organization impeding or encouraging the joint collective activity development? Is it a resource for the development of collective capabilities? The diagnosis has highlighted the disruption of professional standards of care staff generated by outpatient surgery and the difficulty of the care staff in building an organization that promotes a transverse team and a collective joint activity. In view of these results, the second step has fostered and supported the active participation of operators in processes of change and design. At first, the ergonomist has implemented a dynamics encouraging the debate about the representations of work. This has led to a shared representation of the current situation, required for the design of a future situation. Then, a participatory methodology of organizational design has been implemented leading to an organization project of ambulatory surgery.Finally, this research questions the role of the ergonomist as a conversion factor in this process of organizational transformation and proposes a model of ergonomic transformation action
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McNamara, Nathan Patrick. "Using Decision Trees to Predict Intent to Use Passive Occupational Exoskeletons in Manufacturing Tasks." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1605720844135027.
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Karltun, Erlandsson Anette. "Forskarstött förändringsarbete i själva verket : Att förbättra arbetssituationen för 15 000 brevbärare." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell arbetsvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9875.
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Denna avhandling belyser forskarstött förändringsarbete, inom ”Servicenätet Posten”, den division inom Posten Sverige AB som ansvarar för postdistribution till kunderna. Förändringsarbetet har handlat om att förbättra arbetssituationen för 15 000 brevbärare. Den teoretiska grunden utgörs av ett systemtänkande där konceptet ”Människa-Teknik-Organisation” (MTO), används för att granska interventionsprocessen. Det övergripande syftet med denna avhandling är att bidra till kunskapsutveckling-en om forskarstött förändringsarbete utifrån följande delsyften: 1) att illustrera hur ett systemtänkande i förändringsarbete påverkar förståelsen för hur systemkomponenterna Människa, Teknik och Organisation (MTO) interagerar i praktiken, 2) att exemplifiera hur den kunskapen kan omsättas i praktiken genom utveckling och implementering av MTO-anpassade lösningar i samverkan mellan forskare och praktiker, 3) att empiriskt exemplifiera hur former för participation kan bidra till framgångsrikt förändringsarbete genom analys och syntes av process och resultat. Forskningsprojektet har bedrivits med en interaktiv ansats. Den interaktiva ansatsen har gjort det möjligt att belysa samverkan mellan forskare och praktiker på ett verklig-hetsnära och realistiskt sätt under fyra projektfaser fördelade över en femårsperiod. Den inledande projektfasen innebar en diagnostisering av problematiken. Ett antal åtgärdsförslag presenterades av forskargruppen och ledde vidare till ett forskarstött ut-vecklingsarbete under en andra projektfas då ett underlag till olika förbättringsåtgärder arbetades fram. Detta inbegrep utveckling av såväl teknisk som arbetsorganisatorisk ka-raktär för att åstadkomma effektiva och hälsosamma arbetsprocesser för brevbärare inom postutdelningsverksamheten. I en tredje projektfas testades och utvärderades hela åtgärdspaketet genom implementering på ett pilotkontor. I en fjärde och sista projektfas implementerades förbättringsåtgärderna på samtliga 602 postutdelningskontor i landet och forskarna gjorde en utvärdering. Resultaten visar hur man genom att anlägga ett MTO-perspektiv i förändringsarbete ökar möjligheterna att få klarhet i vilka faktorer som påverkar effektiviteten i ett pro-duktionssystem i sin helhet. Den tvärvetenskapliga forskningssatsningen i kombination med samverkan forskare/praktiker visade sig vara en förutsättning för att skapa förståel-se för interaktionen mellan M-T-O-komponenterna. Avhandlingen visar vidare hur olika former för participation i praktiken kan bidra till framgångsrikt förändringsarbete både vad gäller process och resultat. Den utförliga redogörelsen för interventionsprocessen, forskarrollens skiftande karaktär samt hindrande och främjande faktorer för forskarstött förändringsarbete, utgör andra viktiga kunskapsbidrag.This dissertation illuminates researcher-supported work for change within the “Postal Service Network”, the division within Posten Sverige AB with responsibility for mail distribution to customers. The intervention has been concerned with improving the work situation of 15,000 postmen. The theoretical foundation consists in a form of systems thinking in which the con-cept of Man-Technology-Organisation (MTO) is employed to scrutinise the intervention process. The overall aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of know-ledge in the arena of researcher-supported work for change. It proceeds on the basis of the following objectives 1) to illustrate how systems thinking in the change process influences understanding of how the system’s Man-Technology-Organisation (MTO) components interact in practice, 2) to exemplify how this knowledge can be transformed in practice through the development and implementation of MTO-adapted solutions into collaboration between researchers and practitioners, 3) to exemplify empirically how forms for participation can contribute to a successful change process through the analy-sis and synthesis of both process and results. The research project has been conducted interactively. The interactive approach has made it possible to illuminate collaboration between researchers and practitioners in a down-to-earth and realistic manner during four project phases spread over a five-year period. The introductory project phase involved diagnosis of the problem. A number of proposals for action were presented by the research team, which led on to researcher-supported developmental work during a second project phase when a basis for various improvement measures was created. This involved development of both a technical and work-organisational nature to achieve efficient and healthy work processes for postmen in mail distribution. At a third project phase the entire package of measures was tested and evaluated through implementation in a pilot office. At the fourth and final phase of the project the improvements were implemented in all 602 postal distribution offices in Sweden, and the researchers performed an evaluation. The results show how adopting an MTO perspective on work for change increases opportunities to obtain clarity with regard to which factors influence efficiency in a pro-duction system as a whole. The cross-disciplinary research approach, in combination with researcher/practitioner collaboration, proved to be a prerequisite for creating un-derstanding of the interaction between the MTO components. Further, the dissertation shows how different forms of participation in practice can contribute to successful work for change with regard to both process and results. The extensive reporting of the inter-vention process and accounts of the shifting nature of the researcher’s role and of hin-dering and promoting factors in researcher-supported work for change constitute other important contributions to knowledge.
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Singh, Navrag B. "Evaluation of Circumferential Ankle Pressure as an Ergonomic Intervention to Maintain Balance Perturbed by Localized Muscular Fatigue of the Ankle Joint." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35686.
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Application of pressure in the form of taping and bracing has been shown to improve proprioception, and inducing localized muscle fatigue at various musculatures has been shown to adversely affect postural control. However, the potential for pressure application to mitigate the effects of localized muscle fatigue on postural control has not yet been determined. This study investigated specifically the effects of circumferential ankle pressure (CAP) and induced ankle fatigue on postural control. Fourteen young participants (seven males and seven females) performed fatiguing sub-maximal isotonic plantar flexion exercises on an isokinetic dynamometer, in the absence and presence of a pressure cuff (60 mm Hg) used to apply CAP. Proprioceptive acuity (PA) was determined using a passive-active joint position sense test, with categorical scores (low or high PA) used as a covariate. Postural sway during quiet standing was assessed using a force platform both pre- and post-fatigue as well as in the absence and presence of CAP. Application of CAP resulted in larger postural sway in individuals with low PA, and reduced postural sway in individuals with high PA. Fatigue effects on postural sway in individuals with low PA were more substantial as compared to individuals with high PA. CAP was found to be ineffective in mitigating the effects of fatigue on postural sway in individuals with lower PA. As a whole, the results suggest a potential for CAP as an ergonomic intervention in controlling fatigue-related fall incidents, though conclusive recommendations for use are not justified.Master of Science
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Van, Vledder Nicole. "An ergonomic intervention : the effect of a chair and computer screen height adjustment on musculoskeletal pain and sitting comfort in office workers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96865.
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Thesis (MScPhysio)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aims: To assess the effect of a vertical height adjustment of the chair and visual display unit (VDU) on work related upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain (WRUQMP) and sitting comfort in computer users. The upper quadrant refers to the occiput, cervical and upper thoracic spine including the clavicles and scapulae. Methods: An N=1 study was conducted using the ABC design whereby an ergonomic workstation adjustment, of VDU and chair height, was compared to the subject’s usual workstation settings. Pain and sitting comfort were measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). The subject was assessed over the four week phases as she performed her typical VDU work. The results were compiled and tabulated. Results: Both the mean and variance in pain intensity decreased after the workstation intervention. A deterioration was noted in sitting comfort. Conclusion: The vertical height adjustment of the chair and VDU may have contributed to a decrease in WRUQMP in this subject. This safe, economical workstation intervention may be a practical management option for the computer user suffering from WRUQMP. Further research into the measurement of comfort whilst sitting at a computer workstation, is recommended.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Doelwitte: Om die effek te bepaal van n vertikale aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm van rekenaargebruikers op werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn en sitgemak. Die boonste kwadrant verwys na die oksiput, servikale en boonste torakale werwelkolom en sluit ook die klavikel en skapula in. Methode: Die N=1 studie is onderneem met gebruik van die ABC ontwerp in terme waarvan n ergonomiese aanpassing van stoel en beeldskerm vergelyk is met die normale gebruik van die deelnemer. Pyn en sitgemak is gemeet deur die gebruik van die Visueel analoogskaal. Die interwensies is ge-evalueer oor vierweekfases tydens normale rekenaar gebruik van die deelnemer. Die resultate is saamgestel en getabuleer. Uitkoms: Beide die gemiddelde en veranderlike pynintensiteit het verminder nadat die werkstasie aangepas is. Geen verbetering in sitgemak is opgemerk nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die vertikale hoogte-aanpassing van die stoel en beeldskerm het moontlik bygedra tot die verminderde pynvlakke in hierdie deelnemer. Hierdie veilige, ekonomiese verstelling is moontlik n praktiese beheeropsie vir rekenaargebruikers wat werksverwandte boonste kwadrant muskuloskeletale pyn verduur. Verder studie in die meet en waarneming van sitgemak tydens rekenaarwerk is nodig.
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Poley, Yann. "Accompagnement ergonomique de l'activité des représentants du personnel des CHSCT. Interventions ergonomiques sur les CHSCT de la SNCF." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0338/document.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ de recherche en ergonomie qui porte sur les acteurs de la prévention. Elle défend l’idée que l’activité des représentants du personnel est un travail et qu’il est possible de contribuer au développement de leur activité à travers des interventions ergonomiques.Elle a été conduite auprès de sept CHSCT de métiers différents de la SNCF et fait suite à une demande sociale formulée par l’Observatoire de la Qualité de Vie au Travail de cette entreprise. Les membres de cet Observatoire souhaitaient avoir un éclairage scientifique pour comprendre les difficultés de fonctionnement de ces instances et les possibilités d’y améliorer la prise en compte du travail pour contribuer à la prévention de la pénibilité.Par l’Analyse Ergonomique du Travail, il a été possible de comprendre les spécificités de cette activité. Plusieurs interventions ergonomiques ont été mises en place au sein de sept CHSCT pour mettre à l’épreuve les diagnostics locaux réalisés. Il a ainsi été possible de contribuer au développement de l’activité des représentants du personnel.Cette thèse démontre que les représentants du personnel sont des praticiens qui contribuent par leur activité à résoudre les problèmes de l’entreprise. Pour autant, le cadre réglementaire ne leur permet pas de prendre en charge le caractère dynamique des situations de travail des salariés et les possibilités d’action de leur propre activité. Cela les amène à définir des modes d’action qui soient en adéquation avec l’environnement dynamique dans lequel ils agissent.Il leur est de fait nécessaire de construire un référentiel commun permettant d’articuler une nécessité d’agir ensemble tout en tenant des points de vue individuels. La conflictualité et la coopération sont par conséquent inhérentes au mode de fonctionnement des CHSCT. Toutefois, ce cadre commun doit s’appuyer sur d’autres éléments que la réglementation et il est nécessaire de donner une place aux salariés dans la construction des problèmes et des solutions.Il apparaît également qu’il est difficile pour eux de pouvoir débattre des difficultés individuelles et collectives qu’ils rencontrent. Cela contribue au développement de défenses collectives amenant à un traitement des problèmes en vase clos au sein de l’instance.Dès lors, l’intervention ergonomique doit faciliter une activité collective par la mise en débat des pratiques et des difficultés individuelles et collectives. Toute la difficulté pour l’intervenant étant qu’il ne s’appuie pas sur un collectif de travail qui pour autant doit développer un travail collectif. Il s’agit ainsi de contribuer à ce que le dénominateur commun entre les membres permette d’y intégrer la complexité du travail et les salariés. En cela, la conflictualité et la coopération doivent s’articuler autour des situations de travail des salariés et non uniquement de l’application de la réglementationThis dissertation falls within a field of research in ergonomics focused on health and safety staff. It defends the idea that the activity of staff representatives is to be considered as work and that it is possible to contribute to the development of their activity thanks to ergonomic interventions.This research was carried out by studying seven CHSCTs (Occupational Health and Safety Committee) of different professions at the SNCF (French National Rail Company), and was ordered by their Observatoire de la Qualité de Vie au Travail (Monitoring Agency for Quality of Life in the Workplace). The members of the Observatoire wanted a scientific study to help them understand the functional difficulties encountered by the CHSCTs, and the possibilities for improving work analysis, in turn improving their prevention work.Thanks to an Ergonomic Work Analysis, we were able to understand the specificities of this activity. Several ergonomic interventions were organized in order to test previous local diagnostics. We were thus able to contribute to the development of the activity of staff representatives.This dissertation shows that staff representatives are practicians who, through their activity, contribute to problem solving in the company. The current regulations framework does not permit them to take into account the dynamic nature of employees' work situations, nor the possibilities for action in their own work. This has lead them to defining modes of action that are in line with the dynamic environment in which they are called upon to intervene.It is therefore necessary for them to build a common frame of reference in order to act together, while still retaining individual points of view. Inevitably, conflictuality and cooperation are inherent to the functioning of CHSCTs. This common framework however must be based upon other elements besides regulations, and it is necessary to give employees a say in the formation of both problems and solutions.It also appears to be difficult for them to discuss the individual and collective difficulties that they encounter. This contributes to the development of collective defenses, leading to a closed, in-house treatment of the workers situational problems.As such, ergonomic interventions must facilitate collective activity by questioning both individual and collective pratices and difficulties. The challenge for the ergonomist is that he cannot base his intervention upon a work collective, which must none-the-less produce a collective work. Therefore the contribution must work towards a common denominator between the members, allowing for the integration of both the complexity of work and the employees. In that, conflictuality and cooperation must be articulated around employees' work situations, and not only the application of regulations
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Carballeda, Gabriel. "La contribution des ergonomes à l'analyse et à la transformation de l'organisation du travail : l'exemple d'une intervention relative à la maintenance dans une industrie de processus continu /." Bordeaux : Université Victor-Segalen Bordeaux 2-ISPED, Laboratoire d'ergonomie des systèmes complexes, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37644638h.
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Westerberg, Sofia. "Arbetsmiljöekonomisk utvärdering av ergonomiförbättringar : Grundade i antaganden om sjukfrånvaro och förändring i arbetsbelastning efter intervention inom en avdelning i läkemedelsbranschen." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149745.
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The purpose of this study is to incrementally, through a combination of various methods, examine the assumptions about the working economic outcomes that can be made based on planned ergonomic intervention in a department at Pfizer Health AB in Strängnäs. The study contributes to knowledge about how assumptions on OSH financial results can be made, based on planned ergonomic interventions. These assumptions were based on biomechanical calculations made on the basis of ergonomics measurements with inclinometer. The study is important because previous research has shown that poor work environment have a bad impact on the economy of a company in different ways. It can for example be negative impact on the company's productivity and quality of the units produced or the services provided. Poor work environment can also contribute to increased absence due to illness. The study was conducted using three methods: 1) ergonomics measurement, 2) biomechanical calculations and 3) working economic analysis. To obtain documentation for the ergonomic measurements two inclinometers were used and attached to the arm and back at one long and one short test person. The biomechanical calculations were performed using a computer program called ALBA. The operations that were assumed to be most burdensome were calculated. Also an operation that remained unchanged after the intervention was calculated. That was made to give a better picture of how the workload would be after the intervention. The economic analysis was based largely from the assumption of sick leave due to heavy strenuous work. The calculation method used was "Remaining costs". The method helps to calculate the costs that the company had left when staff were absent from work. The study results showed that, through the assumption of one long-term illness every three years, it would be worth investing in ergonomic improvements for at least 4156 thousand kronor in C-Class (cost of occupational injuries + reduced product waste) with repayment in one year and four months. Compared to the cost of the planned interventions of 3150 thousand kronor it was assumed well worth implementing planned changes. The conclusion from the study was that the intervention could be recommended intended to reduce the workload and the repetitiveness of the employees.Syftet med studien är att stegvis, genom en kombination av olika metoder, undersöka vilka antaganden om arbetsmiljöekonomiska utfall som kan göras baserade på planerade belastningsergonomiska interventioner vid en avdelning inom Pfizer Health AB i Strängnäs. Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur antaganden om arbetsmiljöekonomiska resultat kan göras utifrån planerade belastningsergonomiska interventioner. Antagandena har baserats på biomekaniska beräkningar som gjorts utifrån ergonomimätningar med inklinometer. Studien är viktig eftersom forskning har visat att dålig arbetsmiljö har en negativ påverkan på ekonomin i ett företag på olika sätt. Det kan t.ex. vara genom negativ påverkan på företagets produktivitet och kvalitet på det som tillverkas eller utförs eller ge ökad sjukfrånvaro. Inom studien rymdes tre metoder som tillämpats stegvis: 1) ergonomimätning, 2) biomekaniska beräkningar och 3) arbetsmiljöekonomisk analys. För att få fram underlag för ergonomimätningarna användes två inklinometrar som var fästa på arm och rygg på lång respektive kort försöksperson. De biomekaniska beräkningarna genomfördes genom användning av datorprogrammet ALBA. De arbetsmomenten som antogs vara mest belastande beräknades. Även ett arbetsmoment som kvarstod oförändrat efter intervention beräknades. Detta för att ge en bättre bild av hur arbetsbelastningen skulle bli efter intervention. Den ekonomiska analysen utgick till stor del från antagande om sjukfrånvaro till följd av tungt belastande arbete. Beräkningsmetoden som användes var ”Kvarvarande kostnader”. Metoden hjälpte till att räkna fram de kostnader företaget hade kvar när personal var frånvarande från arbetet. Resultaten från studien visade att genom antagandet om en långtidssjukskrivning var tredje år skulle det vara värt att investera i ergonomiförbättrande åtgärder för minst 4156 tkr i C-klass (kostnad för arbetsskador + minskat spill) med återbetalning på ett år och fyra månader. Jämfört med kostnaden för planerade interventioner på 3150 tkr så antas det väl värt att genomföra planerade förändringar. Slutsatsen från studien blev att interventioner kunde rekommenderas till att genomföra ergonomiinterventioner som syftar till att minska arbetsbelastning och repetivitet för de anställda.
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Xu, Yilun. "The Efficacy of a Lifting Strap as an Ergonomic Intervention for EMS Providers: Does it make it easier to raise a Patient from Supine Lying Posture to Upright Sitting Posture?" The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566175038221903.
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Bassey-Duke, Elizabeth Misan. "An ergonomics intervention study into the physiological, perceptual and productivity effects of three citrus harvesting bag designs in the Eastern Cape of South Africa : a combined laboratory and field approach." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018908.
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Background: Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of any industrially developing country, including South Africa. In the Eastern Cape of South Africa citrus farming is a significant contributor to the local economy (Johnson et al., 2005). The harvesting phase of citrus farming is performed manually and exposes workers to physical risks, which can lead to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. In particular, the standard harvesting bag comprises of a single shoulder strap and promotes asymmetrical load carriage which results in shoulder and lower back pain complaints. The current study compared the physiological (EMG), perceptual (RPE), usability (PUEU) and productivity effects of two new harvesting bag designs (a hip belt and a backpack bag design) to the standard harvesting bag design. This was performed in a laboratory as well as a field setting. Methods (Laboratory phase): 36 participants (12 males and 24 females) were assigned to one worker group. The “tall ladder worker” group was comprised of only males and the “step ladder worker” and “ground worker” group of females. Each participant was required to simulate a citrus harvesting task while utilizing each of the bag designs on different days. On each day/test session, participants performed three harvesting cycles. Muscle activity was measured throughout the entire testing session and RPE were recorded at the end of each cycle. Results (Laboratory phase): The EMG and RPE results indicate that the backpack design was the most ideal design to reduce asymmetry, while the standard harvesting bag design was the worst. Although not significant, there was greater muscle asymmetry (p=0.109) and a significantly higher perceived exertion when using the standard bag (p=0.0004), in comparison to using the backpack. Methods (Field phase): 17 Xhosa-speaking citrus harvesters (6 females and 11 males) participated in this study. Each harvester worked with one of the three bag designs on a different day. Productivity of each worker was assessed every hour by recording the number of bags filled with fruit and at the end of the shift. A Perceived Usefulness & Ease of Use questionnaire was presented to each participant to obtain feedback on worker acceptance to the new bag designs. Results (Field phase): A general trend in support of the hip belt bag design over the other two bag designs were found, even within the different worker demographic groups (age, sex and worker experience). The workers perceived less exertion (7.98 ± 1.86) and were more productive (9.90 ± 2.11 bags/hour) when using the hip belt design; they also found this bag the most useful (1.02 ± 0.09) and easy to use (1.07 ± 0.25). In contrast, the backpack bag design had significantly poorer responses when compared to the other two bag designs and this was evident in all the dependent variables assessed (RPE, productivity and PUEU). Conclusion: The results from the laboratory phase supported the expectation that the backpack bag design reduces asymmetry and hence, is more suitable than the standard harvesting bag. However, results from the field show that the hip belt bag design was the most preferred and the backpack was the least preferred. Bao & Shahnavaz (1989) highlight the need for ergonomics researcher to convey laboratory findings into the field context. However, as shown by the current study, there are numerous challenges associated with field work, making it difficult for laboratory findings to be successfully conveyed to the field. Limitations and Recommendations: For the laboratory phase of the project, no biomechanical and cardiovascular responses were assessed. However, for a holistic approach, these variables should be considered in future studies. Due to high variability from one harvesting cycle to another, more than three harvesting cycles should also be performed to accurately replicate the harvesting process as done in the field over extended durations of time. For the field phase, data should be collected from more than one citrus farm and thus a larger sample size could be obtained. This would improve the validity of the study. In addition to this, data should be collected for a full working day, especially if environmental conditions are not a hindrance, as well as for a whole season, since workloads vary, depending on the time of the harvesting season.Name on Graduation Programme: Bassey-Duke, Elizabeth Missan
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Vogel, Kjerstin. "Styckares arbete : knivskarpt om hållbarhet." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Ergonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170363.
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Styckares arbete är fysiskt ansträngande och kännetecknas av att vara utpräglat manuellt där den handhållna kniven är det viktigaste verktyget. Arbetet innebär enligt arbetsskadestatistiken hög risk för arbetsrelaterade skador och sjukdomar. Syftet med avhandlingen är att identifiera och utvärdera arbetsmiljöförbättringar som styckningsföretag och anställda styckare i samverkan och under beaktande av systemeffektivitet kan vidta. Ett andra syfte är att ge ett kunskapsbidrag som branschen kan tillämpa i sin framtida arbetsmiljöutveckling. Avhandlingen baseras på det arbete som genomfördes i två forskningsprojekt (STAR respektive SKARP). Dessa bedrevs som en branschintervention, i en interaktiv ansats och med styrgrupper med deltagare från branschorganisationen Kött- och Charkföretagen samt representanter från styckningsföretag och livsmedelsarbetarnas fackförening. De studier som ingår i avhandlingen har huvudsakligen genomförts i reell miljö som kvasi-experimentella fallstudier. Styrgrupperna i projekten samt de aktuella företagen deltog i planering och utvärdering av dem. Resultaten visade att styckningsarbete är så fysiologiskt krävande att många styckare ingående i mätningarna låg över den nivå som rekommenderas för att arbetet skall vara hållbart. Avhandlingen rekommenderar därför att den fysiska arbetsbelastningen på individnivå i styckningsarbete inte ska överstiga 30 Relative Aerobic Strain (RAS), dvs. den andel av sin fysiska förmåga uttryckt i syreupptagning som individen använder i sitt arbete. Vidare visar resultaten att ökad arbetstakt försämrar kvalitet och utbyte samt företagens lönsamhet. En ökad arbetstakt upplevs dessutom negativt av styckarna. Polering av knivarna istället för att slipa dem innebär att kniven kan bli vassare, dess livslängd förlängs och därmed minskar kostnaderna för knivslitage samtidigt som risken för belastningsskador minskar. För den enskilde individens hållbara anställning i styckningsarbete föreslås flera åtgärder: bl.a. att införa ett system för förbättrad knivskärpa där utbildning och teknik för att hålla knivarna vassa ingår samt att organisera arbetet med en anpassning av teknik, arbetstakt och arbetstyngd som främjar styckarnas hälsa. Interaktiviteten i projekten resulterade i ökat samarbete om arbetsmiljön mellan styckningsföretagen och med Arbetsmiljöverket. För att arbetsmiljöförbättrande åtgärder ska bli hållbara samt även ge ett bidrag till företagets lönsamhet bör de ske i samverkan med samt engagera de anställda.QC 20150630
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Warch, Sarah L. "Quantifying the financial impact of occupational injuries and illnesses, and the costs and benefits associated with an ergonomic risk control intervention within the Uniprise business segment of UnitedHealth Group." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002warchs.pdf.
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Foy, Elizabeth. "Spectacle: Framing the Midwestern Art Community." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1283356889.
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Johann, Petit. "Organiser la continuité du service : Intervention sur l'organisation d'une Mutuelle de santé." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659105.
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Cette recherche a pour principal objectif de montrer que la production de service s'élabore au sein d'un processus continu. S'appuyant sur une intervention menée dans le cadre d'un changement organisationnel au sein d'une mutuelle de santé, l'auteur met en évidence dans un premier temps les impacts négatifs d'une production segmentée entre back office et front office sur l'activité des opérateurs et sur la qualité de service. Plus généralement, les résultats de cette recherche mettent en avant l'insuffisance de formes d'organisation issues du domaine industriel dans certaines situations de service pour la prise en compte de l'activité collective nécessaire à l'élaboration de la continuité du service. En effet, la singularité dont est porteur le client dans le processus de production de service conduit à réinterroger de manière permanente les règles constitutives de l'organisation ; l'atteinte de la qualité de service en dépend. L'activité de production de service n'est alors plus envisagée comme la seule application de règles d'action mais aussi comme une gestion de la variabilité par une action sur les règles au sein d'un processus de coopération. Or, la séparation de la structure organisationnelle entre des phases de back office et de front office modifie profondément les déterminants de ce travail sur les règles. Dans ce cadre, l'auteur met en avant les possibilités de rétablir les coopérations entre les structures de back office et de front office pour permettre ce travail sur les règles et maintenir la continuité du service. L'auteur montre ensuite les possibilités pour l'ergonome d'élaborer une conduite de projet dans le cadre d'un changement organisationnel afin de favoriser la structuration des coopérations. Cette recherche interroge enfin la pertinence de l'analyse du travail centrée sur l'activité comme support d'élaboration d'hypothèses organisationnelles essentielles à la conduite du changement.
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Zare, mahmoudabadi Mohsen. "Shared representation of work-related musculoskeletal risk factors and comparison of assessment methods : an experimental study in the truck manufacturing industry Evaluation of Ergonomic Approach and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Two Different Organizations in a Truck Assembly Plant A comparison of neck bending and flexion measurement methods for assessment of risk." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0075.
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Les facteurs de risque de troubles musculo-squelettiques(TMS) tels que les facteurs physiques, organisationnels et psychosociaux sont un défi commun pour les industries de l'assemblage automobile qui entrainent des effets indésirables sur le système et les humains. L’ergonomie a déjà été intégrée dans les systèmes de production de ces industries pour la prise en charge de la prévention des TMS. La question est de savoir si l'approche ergonomique actuelle des industries automobiles, sur la base de normes à l'entreprise et des méthodes d'observation, peut fournir une connaissance partagée des facteurs ergonomiques pour les divers intervenants et pour faciliter l'amélioration des conditions de travail. Cette étude aborde la problématique du positionnement des différents méthodes d'évaluation (utilisées par les différents intervenants) et compare les résultats et apports de chaque méthode d'évaluation. Cette thèse propose que la procédure actuelle d'évaluation des risques de TMS ne favorise pas une connaissance partagée entre les intervenants dans les industries automobiles. On constate que les évaluations par auto-questionnaire (opérateurs) sont significativement différentes de celles issues des méthodes d'observation (ergonome) et des mesures directes (analyse biomécanique). Cependant, les opinions et jugements des opérateurs concernant les facteurs ergonomiques sont importants pour faciliter la réussite d'une approche ergonomique. Un entretien structuré et systématisé, basé sur des données objectives (Video-observations ou de mesure directe) liées aux activités et stratégies des opérateurs, pourrait être une procédure appropriée pour faire progresser l'ergonomie des situations de travail. Enfin, la connaissance tirée de cette thèse souligne que la variabilité des tâches dans l’industrie automobile nécessite une approche ergonomique qui partage les connaissances des risques entre les intervenants. Dans cette approche, les attitudes et les comportements des opérateurs sont pris en compte dans les projets d’amélioration continue. De plus, la participation des intervenants devrait être intégrée afin d'améliorer la prise en compte de l'ergonomie dans la production. Une synthèse de cette thèse en Français a été fournie dans l’annexe premièreMusculoskeletal risk factors such as physical, organizational and psychosocial factors are a common challenge for the automotive assembly industries and result in adverse human and system effects. Ergonomics has already been integrated inthe production systems of such factories to eliminate work related musculoskeletal disorders (WR-MSDs). The issue is whether the current ergonomic approach of car industries, based on corporate standards and observational methods, can provide a shared knowledge of ergonomic factors for various stakeholders and facilitate ergonomic improvement. This study focuses on the positioning of the different assessment methods (used by various stakeholders), agreement between their results in evaluation of physical risk factors and the influence of intervention and improvement following ergonomic assessment. This thesis proposes that the current procedure of risk factor assessment can not provide ashared knowledge and representation of risks between stakeholders in manufacturing industries. It was found that the operators’ assessments of risk factors (self-reported questionnaire) were significantly different from those assessed by observational methods (ergonomist) and direct measurement. However, the operators’ opinions and judgments of ergonomic factors of a job are of particular importance to the success of an ergonomic approach. A structured interview based on objective data (video-observation or direct measurement) linked the activities and strategies of atrisk operators might be an appropriate procedure to advance ergonomics.The knowledge gained from this study emphasizes that the variable nature of tasks in manufacturing industries needs an ergonomic approach which shares knowledge and representation of risks between stakeholders. In such an approach, attitudes and behaviors of operators are taken into consideration in developing new intervention processes, organizational and technical remedies. Moreover, involvement of stakeholders should be integrated and this should result in improving production ergonomics
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Carballeda, Gabriel. "La contribution des ergonomes à l'analyse et à la transformation de l'organisation du travail : l'exemple d'une intervention relative à la maintenance dans une industrie de processus continu." Paris, CNAM, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CNAM0280.
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L'organisation du travail est definie du point de vue de l'ergonome comme un proccessus d'interactions sociales regi par des regles qui se materialisent en une structure. Cette structure resulte d'une part d'une pluralite de logiques de l'entreprise et de l'activite de travail des cadres, qui prennent une place particuliere dans l'elaboration et le maintien des regles prescrites de travail. A partir de ces postulats il est possible aux ergonomes de contribuer a l'instruction et a l'elaboration de choix organisationnels en tenant compte des interactions sociales a l'oeuvre dans une organisationWORK ORGANIZATION IS DEFINED AS A SOCIAL INTERACTION SYSTEM RULED BY WORKS RULES AND WHICH ARE MATERIALIZED IN A STRUCTURE. STRUCTURE IS THE RESULT OF A PLURALITY OF ENTERPRISE LOGICS AND ALSO MANAGER'S ACTIVITY, THAT HAVE A PARTICULAR TASK BY ELABORATING AND MAINTAINING PRESCRIBED WORK RULES. With SUCH ORGANIZATION MODEL IS POSSIBLE TO ERGONMISTS TO CONTRIBUTE TO INSTRUCTION AND PROCESS DECISION OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHOICES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SOCIAL INTERACTIONS RULES
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Park, Sanghyun. "Investigating the Impacts of Barriers and Facilitators Affecting the Adoption of Lifting Devices in Health Care Facilities." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431086115.
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Marcucci, De Vincenti Antonella. "Italie 1969-1979 : les recherches non disciplinaires dans le domaine de la psycho-sociologie industrielle : une forme originale de recherche-intervention." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100041.
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La thèse présente une analyse détaillée des recherches-interventions visant à transformer l'organisation du travail en Italie pendant les années 1969-79. Ces expériences sonts connues sous le nom de "recherches non-disciplinaires" qui veut indiquer la présence d'cteurs qui ne sont pas des spécialistes et qui utilisent des savoir-faire dufférents de ceux prevus par les modèles classiques des sciences sociales. En se rencontrant sur le champs les chercheurs professionnels et les non spécialistes intègrent leurs connaissances et developpent des nouveaux modèles et méthodes de recherche. L'originalité des recherches-interventions italiennes consiste du fait que leurs initiateurs sont des "acteurs dominés".
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Radin, Umar Radin Zaid. "Investigation of Factors Influencing the Adoption of Safety-Related Changes during the Early Stages of Implementation: An Exploratory Study." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439982828.
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