Dissertations / Theses: 'Ergonomic instruments'

1

Souza, Viviani Cintra de. "Uso de instrumentos de avaliação de riscos ergonômicos: teoria e prática." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3688.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4147.pdf: 728882 bytes, checksum: 501f2df9df5e7c02b3591084cada4d3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-26
In recent years, in Brazil, companies have shown a growing interest in developing actions to address ergonomic problems in working conditions related to health and productivity. This interest is due in part to the compliance requirements of working conditions to the legislation of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. To adapt working conditions to the legal conditions recommended the need arises to measure the conditioning factors of work activities, and consequently increases the demand for use of instruments to assess the ergonomic risks. The study aims to determine the contribution of risk assessment tools in the analysis of ergonomic conditions of work activity in steps of Ergonomic Work Analysis and use of these instruments in Brazil, by consulting firms and research institutions and extension in the area ergonomics in an attempt to establish the relationship between the objectives and content of the instruments and methods of analysis used in practice. The survey was conducted through a literature review, to determine the instruments and through a questionnaire, seeking, knowing the tools most used by Brazilian organizations to ergonomics. In the questionnaire some questions were addressed in order to know the work of organizations of ergonomics in Brazil: issues relating to training for professionals working with ergonomics, the main intervention activities and steps that develop, the factors related to the job consider during the intervention, the methodologies we use as reference and the instruments they use to ergonomic risk assessments. According to the systematic knowledge and accumulated in the literature on the use of tools to verify specific aspects of man's relationship with their work environment, it was observed that most concentrate their goals in the evaluation of factors related to the physical dimensions of the work. The research results allow us to conclude that the instruments are not sufficient to analyze the work during an ergonomic intervention. Thus, the formation of analysts with their different views and
Nos últimos anos, no Brasil, as empresas têm demonstrado um crescente interesse em desenvolver ações ergonômicas a fim de enfrentar problemas nas condições de trabalho relacionados à saúde e produtividade. Esse interesse se deve, em parte, às exigências de conformidade das condições de trabalho à legislação do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Para adequar as condições de trabalho às condições legais recomendadas, surge a necessidade de mensurar os fatores condicionantes das atividades de trabalho, aumentando, consequentemente, a demanda por utilização de instrumentos para avaliar os riscos ergonômicos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar a contribuição de instrumentos de avaliação de riscos ergonômicos na análise dos condicionantes da atividade de trabalho nas etapas da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho e a utilização desses instrumentos no Brasil, por empresas de consultoria e instituições de pesquisa e extensão na área de ergonomia, na tentativa de estabelecer a relação entre os objetivos e conteúdos dos instrumentos e os métodos de análise utilizados na prática. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, visando conhecer os instrumentos, e por meio de questionário, buscando conhecer os instrumentos mais utilizados por organizações brasileiras de ergonomia. No questionário aplicado, algumas questões foram abordadas com o objetivo de conhecer o trabalho das organizações de ergonomia no Brasil: questões relacionadas à formação dos profissionais que trabalham com ergonomia, as principais atividades de intervenção e as etapas que as desenvolvem, fatores relacionados ao trabalho considerados durante a intervenção, as metodologias utilizadas como referência e os instrumentos utilizados para avaliações de risco ergonômico. De acordo com o conhecimento sistematizado e acumulado na literatura sobre a utilização de instrumentos para verificar aspectos específicos da relação do homem com seu ambiente de trabalho, observou-se que a grande maioria concentra seus objetivos na avaliação de fatores referentes às dimensões físicas do trabalho. Os resultados encontrados na pesquisa permitem concluir que os instrumentos não são suficientes para analisar o trabalho durante uma intervenção ergonômica. Desse modo, a formação dos analistas com seus diferentes pontos de vista e as respectivas bases conceituais de formação são os elementos que darão conta da realização do trabalho.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

RAPOSO, MYRTES. "CME - THE HOSPITAL HART-BEAT: AN ERGONOMIC INVESTIGATION IN THE MAIN STERILIZED INSTRUMENTS OFFICE INSIDE HEALTHY PUBLIC UNITS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10348@1.

Full text

Abstract:

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar os resultados de uma investigação ergonômica realizada em setores de reprocessamento de materiais médico-hospitalares, em dois hospitais distintos, fazendo um estudo comparativo da organização da produção, dos parâmetros de qualidade e da realidade imposta em tais unidades de saúde, considerando seus diferentes aspectos organizacionais.
The objective of this research is to present the results from accomplished in medical materials reprocessing sectors of two different hospitals, making a comparative study of production organization, the quality parameters and reality imposed in such health units, considering their different organizational aspects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Carvalho, Laísa Cristina. "Análise ergonômica do trabalho na execução de armaduras." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8165.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-17T11:18:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCC.pdf: 9084435 bytes, checksum: da33f0c1a0e3d47fafd347db42d4d2dc (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T13:59:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCC.pdf: 9084435 bytes, checksum: da33f0c1a0e3d47fafd347db42d4d2dc (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-21T13:59:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCC.pdf: 9084435 bytes, checksum: da33f0c1a0e3d47fafd347db42d4d2dc (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T13:59:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCC.pdf: 9084435 bytes, checksum: da33f0c1a0e3d47fafd347db42d4d2dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-20
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
Civil construction is one of the activities that generates most jobs in the country, owning handmade construction methods and with few technological innovations. It notes that the number of workers in that area is significant because of the diversity of existing activities in a building. In the case of the reinforcing steel service, tasks are performed manually and request different degrees of effort, which when applied recursively, with tools and equipment unsuitable and inadequate workplace, may cause damage to the health and comfort of workers. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the ergonomic working conditions of the reinforcing steel service. Therefore, we used the methodology of the Ergonomic Assessment Method for Task Analysis (AET), aided by three ergonomic tools: Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA), the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) and the Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA). Considering these factors analyzed, with photographic records, interviews and site visiting to watch the worker during his tasks, the actual conditions of the job were studied, trying to analyze everyday work situations, health and safety of workers and featuring, thus, the workplace conditions during reinforcing steel service. The results corroborate the existence of working inadequate postures while performing the task. According to ergonomic tool EWA the most critical ergonomic factor detected was related to Working Postures and Movement, followed by Load Lifting factor. Among the activities analyzed using this ergonomic analysis instrument, the one which presented more critic was related to the assembly of reinforcement for beams. According to the ergonomic analysis instrument MET, tasks with higher energy expenditure and metabolic expenditure were related to Receiving and Storage of steel bars. Among the operation inherent to each task of reinforcement service, there is the tie bars with annealed wire. Finally, it is concluded that the index of exposure OCRA for the activity of tie bars with annealed wire presents imminent risk to all analyzed situations.
A construção civil é uma das atividades que mais gera empregos no país, possuindo métodos construtivos tradicionais e com poucas inovações tecnológicas. Cabe ressaltar que a quantidade de trabalhadores nessa área é bastante significativa, devido à diversidade de atividades existentes em uma edificação. No caso do serviço de armação, as tarefas são executadas, em sua maioria, manualmente e solicitam diferentes graus de esforços que, quando aplicados de modo recorrente, com ferramentas e equipamentos impróprios e postos de trabalho inadequados, podem causar danos à saúde e ao conforto do trabalhador. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar as condições ergonômicas do trabalho no serviço de armação. Para tanto, empregou-se a metodologia da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET), auxiliada por três instrumentos de análise ergonômica: Ergonomic Workplace Analysis (EWA), o Equivalente Metabólico (MET) e o Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA). Considerando tais fatores analisados, com registros fotográficos, entrevistas e acompanhamentos, foram estudadas as reais condições do posto de trabalho, buscando analisar as situações cotidianas de trabalho, saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores e caracterizando, assim, as condições do posto de trabalho durante o serviço de armação. Os resultados encontrados corroboram a existência de posturas inadequadas de trabalho durante a execução da tarefa. De acordo com o instrumento ergonômico EWA o fator ergonômico mais crítico detectado foi relacionado a Posturas de Trabalho e Movimentos, seguido pelo fator Levantamento de Carga. Dentre as atividades analisadas utilizando este instrumento ergonômico, a que se apresentou mais crítica foi a relacionada à montagem das armaduras para as vigas. De acordo com o instrumento de análise ergonômica MET, as tarefas com maior gasto energético ou gasto metabólico foram as relacionadas ao Recebimento e Estocagem das barras de aço. Entre as operações inerentes a cada tarefa do serviço de armação, destaca-se o amarre das barras com arame recozido. Finalmente, conclui-se que o índice de exposição OCRA para a atividade de amarre das barras com arame recozido apresenta risco iminente para todas as situações analisadas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Benoit-Gonin, Léonard. "Contribuições da abordagem instrumental para o estudo da atividade de operação em salas de controle : da interface ao coletivo." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21808/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse étudie l’activité d’opération en salle de contrôle, du point de vue de l’usage des technologies de présentation d’informations. L’évolution de ces technologies, principalement marquée par la réduction de la surface d’affichage d’informations opérationnelles à travers de la substitution des anciens tableaux synoptiques par les écrans d’ordinateur, a provoqué des transformations importantes dans l’activité des opérateurs tels que la perte de la vision globale et une croissante exigence de la mémoire à court terme. Toutefois, à l’heure actuelle, de nouvelles technologies – comme les videowalls, par exemple - permettent l’affichage de données opérationnelles en grandes surfaces, ouvrant la possibilité de surmonter les difficultés citées ci-dessus.L’objectif de ce travail est, d’une part, recenser dans quelles conditions de tels dispositifs de grand format peuvent représenter un appui opérationnel effectif, étant donné que dans la principale situation analysée le videowall n’était pas utilisé par les opérateurs et, d’autre part, explorer l’influence du process industriel dans l’utilisation de l’interface de contrôle de process. Ces questions sont abordées à la lumière de deux approches conceptuelles: celle de l’évolution des technologies de présentation d’information en salles de contrôle et celle de l’approche instrumentale. Les résultats auxquels nous sommes arrivés montrent que, pour être effectif, un videowall doit appuyer la construction de la vision globale du process, la mémoire à court terme et l’activité collective, aspects qui possèdent des configurations variables selon le process industriel contrôlé par les opérateurs. L’analyse des situations du point de vue de l’approche instrumentale permet de comprendre que l’effectivation de l’usage du videowall est également influencée par le processus de conception des écrans et que le contrôle du process industriel a lieu à travers de l’appropriation systémique des artefacts par les opérateurs, desquels le videowall doit faire partie
This PhD dissertation studies the operational activity in control rooms, from the point of view of the use of the technologies of information presentation. The evolution of these technologies, mainly marked by the reduction of the display area of operational information through the substitution of the old synoptic panels by the computer monitors, caused important transformations in the operational activity such as the loss of the global vision and a rising exigence of the short-term memory. Meanwhile, nowadays new technologies – such as the videowalls – enable the exhibition of operational data in large surfaces, giving the opportunity of supporting the above mentionned aspects. The aim of this paper is, firstly, identify the conditions under which such large screens could represent an effective operacional help, since in the main analysed situation the videowall has no operational use, secondly, to explore the influence of the industrial process in the use of the interface. These questions are tackled by two conceptual approaches: the one of the evolution of the technologies of information presentation in control rooms and the one of the instrumental approach. The results to wich we came show that, in order to be effective, a videowall must support the construction of the global vision, the short-term memory and the collective activity, aspects that have different characteristics according to the industrial process controlled by the operators. The analysis of the work situations from the point of view of the instrumental approach allows understanding that the effectiveness of the use of the videowall is also influenced by the screen design process and that the control of the industrial process occurs through the systemic appropriation of the artefacts by the operators
Esta tese estuda a atividade de operação em sala de controle, sob o ponto de vista do uso das tecnologias de apresentação de informações. A evolução destas tecnologias, principalmente marcada pela redução da área de exibição de informações operacionais através da substituição dos antigos painéis sinópticos pelos monitores de computador, provocou transformações importantes na atividade dos operadores tais como a perda da visão global e uma crescente exigência da memória de curto prazo. Entretanto, nos dias atuais, novas tecnologias – como os videowalls, por exemplo - permitem a exibição de dados operacionais em grandes superfícies, abrindo a possibilidade de suplantar as dificuldades mencionadas acima. O objetivo deste trabalho é, por um lado, recensear sob que condições tais dispositivos de grande formato podem representar um apoio operacional efetivo, já que na principal situação analisada o videowall não era utilizado pelos operadores e, por outro, explorar a influência do processo industrial na utilização da interface de controle de processo. Estas questões são abordadas à luz de duas abordagens conceituais: a da evolução das tecnologias de apresentação de informação em salas de controle e a da abordagem instrumental. Os resultados a que chegamos mostram que, para ser efetivo, um videowall precisa apoiar a construção da visão global do processo, a memória de curto prazo e a atividade coletiva, aspectos que possuem configurações variáveis segundo o processo industrial controlado pelos operadores. A análise das situações sob o ponto de vista da abordagem instrumental permite compreender que a efetivação do uso do videowall é também influenciada pelo processo de concepção das telas e que o controle do processo industrial ocorre através da apropriação sistêmica dos artefatos pelos operadores, dos quais deve fazer parte o videowall

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Chien, H. M. "Assessment of laparoscopic ergonomics and instrument design." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431529.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ferreira, Ana Lucy Rodrigues. "O uso de instrumentos de análise ergonômica no processo de trabalho agrícola: o caso da colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3756.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5927.pdf: 1158172 bytes, checksum: da512af227afdf83a621e75580a2a3de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The changing in the labor dynamics of the sugarcane harvesting, occasioned by integration of mechanical harvesters, has subjected workers to new working conditions, increasing the interactions with machines, and consequently causing new diseases and work accidents. For improving the performance of work so that this becomes less destructive of human capabilities, is important the use of instruments that allow the identification of risks from man-labor ratio, which are identified through the study of literature in Ergonomics. This study aimed to verify the applicability of the checkpoints of the instrument Ergonomic Checkpoints in Agriculture to the work situation in the context of mechanized harvesting of cane sugar. A review of the relevant issues related to the study was accomplished, considering the themes: Ergonomics, ergonomic analysis tools and working conditions; process of mechanized production of cane sugar, with a focus on the process of harvesting and working conditions; and, finally, the study of the instrument Ergonomic Checkpoints in Agriculture. Subsequently, the analysis of the instrument was accomplished, which was constituted of the following principal stages. Initially, the checkpoints of the instrument were classified considering the workloads, and the similarity of content. Posteriorly, the checkpoints were analysed with respect the applicability in the job functions found in mechanical harvesting of cane sugar process. As a result, 84 checkpoints were classified into 23 clusters and 16 checkpoints were not grouped, among which 11 clusters and 8 checkpoints, which represent 53% of the content of the instrument, were identified with potential of application in the sugarcane mechanical harvesting. The checkpoints identified may assist in the evaluation and implementation of better working conditions, considering the ergonomic point of view, in the mechanical harvesting of sugarcane.
A mudança na dinâmica de trabalho no processo de colheita da cana-de-açúcar, através da crescente inserção de colhedoras mecânicas, tem submetido os trabalhadores a novas condições de trabalho, que inclui a interação com máquinas e equipamentos, ocasionando doenças ocupacionais. Para melhoria das condições de realização do trabalho de forma que esse se torne menos destrutivo das capacidades humanas, é necessária a utilização de instrumentos que permitam a identificação de riscos provenientes da relação homem-trabalho, que são identificados através do estudo da literatura em Ergonomia. Este trabalho objetivou verificar a aplicabilidade dos pontos de verificação do instrumento Ergonomic Checkpoints in Agriculture à situação de trabalho no contexto da colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar. Foi realizada uma revisão sobre os temas relevantes que envolvem o estudo, isto é: Ergonomia, instrumentos de análise ergonômica e condições de trabalho; processo de produção mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar, com enfoque no processo de colheita e nas condições de trabalho advindas deste processo; e, estudo do instrumento Ergonomic Checkpoints in Agriculture. Posteriormente, foi realizada a análise do instrumento, que se constituiu das etapas de classificação dos pontos de verificação do instrumento por cargas de trabalho, por similaridade de conteúdo, e da análise da aplicabilidade dos pontos de verificação considerando as características e as funções de trabalho encontradas no processo de colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar. Como resultados, 84 pontos de verificação foram classificados em 23 agrupamentos e 16 pontos de verificação não foram agrupados, dentre os quais foram identificados 11 agrupamentos e 8 pontos de verificação aplicáveis, que representam 53% do conteúdo do instrumento. Os pontos de verificação identificados podem auxiliar na avaliação e implementação de melhores condições de trabalho, do ponto de vista ergonômico, na colheita mecanizada da cana-de-açúcar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Geuser, Fabien de. "Travail du manager et ergonomie des instruments de gestion." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHEC0002.

Full text

Abstract:

L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à l'étude de l'ergonomie des instruments de gestion au service des managers. La démarche suivie dans cette démarche a consisté en la construction d'un cadre théorique dérivé de l'ergonomie pour caractériser le travail réel des managers (par opposition au travil prescrit) et analyser ensuite l'adaptation des instruments de gestion aux exigences de ce travail réel. Cette thèse montre alors que le travail réel des managers souffre moins d'une faible connaissance que d'une faible compréhension. Mais ce savoir n'a que peu fait l'objet de modélisation théorique pour articuler les besoins réels des managers avec le résultat de leur travail. Par conséquent, la conception des instruments de gestion reste souvent détachée de ces besoins. Cet écart ergonomique contribue à l'explication de la perte des instruments de gestion largement évoquée par la littérature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Chi, Ju-Yang. "Musical Instrument Ergonomics in Violin and Piano Performance." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/30064.

Full text

Abstract:

The compatibility of the instrument with human physical abilities and characteristics is one of the principles in ergonomics. Inadequate instrument set-ups and sizes that mismatch the player’s physical attributes is frequently cited as one of the risk factors contributing to the development of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) in violin and piano performers. For violinists, playing in a sustained asymmetric posture is inevitable and it has been observed that the left upper limb, which is the side that supports the instrument, is predominantly symptomatic in upper string players (violinists and violists). The use of adaptive accessories, such as a chin rest and/or a shoulder rest, has been proposed to be a way to improve the interface between the instrument and the player. For pianists, a “one-size-fits-all” keyboard has been the available industry standard with respect to the size of the keyboard in modern piano manufacturing, teaching and performing. However, recent demographic evidence proposes that this standardised piano keyboard discriminates against many pianists who have relatively smaller hand sizes. Controversies persist in best methods to ergonomically fit the instrument to the player among players and pedagogues of both these instruments, and no reviews to date have been conducted to determine whether a collection of evidence to support ergonomic ideals exists. This doctoral thesis presented the synthesis of work on investigating ergonomics in violin and piano performance and addressing knowledge gaps regarding optimising the interface between the instrument and the player. A systematic review of this topic was undertaken in Chapter 2. The results revealed that only scarce evidence with heterogeneity and low quality of methodology available on instrumental ergonomics in violin and piano performance. An observational study on interaction between hand span and different sizes of keyboards on muscle activity in pianists was conducted in Chapter 3 to investigate the biomechanical responses under ergonomic modifications, while hand size was identified as a potential risk factor for PRMDs (Chapter 2). The results of this experiment showed less muscular loads in pianists while they were playing on a matched size of keyboard regarding their hand spans, suggesting a compatible interface between the player and instrument can enhance performance biomechanics. Chapter 4 and 5 presented an interview study conducted to explore the factors that contribute to optimising the instrument-player interface in violin playing while the lack of comprehensive understanding of violin set-up was shown in Chapter 2. In Chapter 4, interview data was extracted in a way to present how the violin instrument should fit to a player. The results suggested there were fundamental inconsistencies in the use of physical elements (e.g. violin accessories and position the violin instrument) and the attitudes and beliefs towards instrument set-up while participants held onto different sources of knowledge. On the other hand, comfort and budget were commonly seen as the considerations in selecting the ergonomic set-up. Chapter 5 presents the findings from the aspect of how violinists should fit with their instruments, showing the biomechanics greatly varies but having a neutral posture may be the common aim in violin playing. It is also revealed the phenomenon that violinists tended to prioritise musical performance over monitoring their own posture and movement. Results in both Chapter 4 and 5 showed teacher plays an important role in either pedagogically providing ergonomic suggestions or working with body health professionals on improving a performance interface in violinists, and the process can be time-consuming. The data presented in this thesis showed the complexity of optimising the interface between the musical instrument and the player. From the investigations on violinists and pianists, interdisciplinary collaborations and crossover trainings in the professionals are recommended so that musicians are able not only to be trained with adequate ergonomic supports but to sustain their desirable musical outcomes. Future research building upon the findings of this thesis will further facilitate the inclusion of ergonomics in the industry of musical performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Gallasch, Cristiane Helena 1981. "Adaptação cultural do instrumento Work Role Functioning Questionnaire." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311472.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Neusa Maria Costa Alexandre
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T15:19:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gallasch_CristianeHelena_M.pdf: 2538907 bytes, checksum: 46bb1fa23ff4428d132c64150fc60f5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Afecções osteomusculares representam um sério problema de saúde pública, causando absenteísmo, afastamentos e incapacidade funcional nas diversas categorias de trabalhadores. Questionários são considerados úteis para investigar os sintomas osteomusculares, sendo possível identificar fatores do ambiente trabalho associados com o desenvolvimento desses distúrbios. Os objetivos deste estudo foram traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o instrumento Work Role Functioning Questionnaire para o português falado no Brasil, assim como avaliar sua confiabilidade para aplicação em indivíduos com distúrbios osteomusculares. A adaptação cultural foi realizada conforme as recomendações da literatura internacional, obedecendo as etapas de tradução, retro-tradução, e revisão por um comitê de especialistas. Foi realizado pré-teste com a participação de 30 indivíduos com sintomas osteomusculares. As propriedades psicométricas foram avaliadas após a participação de 105 sujeitos portadores de sintomas osteomusculares e 105 indivíduos sem sintomas. A confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio da consistência interna e estabilidade, com resultados satisfatórios para o instrumento como um todo (alfa de Cronbach = 0,95). Na avaliação de cada sub-escala, o alfa de Cronbach foi maior que 0,85, exceto para aquela que avalia a demanda social. O Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse, que avaliou a estabilidade teste-reteste, foi satisfatório para a demanda mental (0,68) e excelente para as demais (0,82 ¿ 0,91). Na avaliação da validade de constructo, por meio da comparação entre os grupos, a pontuação média obtida foi menor para as demandas física, de plano de trabalho, e de produção para o grupo de indivíduos com sintomas osteomusculares. Houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos na comparação dessas demandas (p<0,001). Os dados demonstram que o processo de adaptação cultural foi realizado com sucesso e que a versão do instrumento obtida apresenta propriedades psicométircas confiáveis para utilização na população brasileira. Palavras-chave: Ergonomia. Enfermagem Ocupacional. Doenças Musculoesqueléticas. Avaliação da Capacidade de Trabalho. Comparação Transcultural
Abstracts: Musculoskeletal disorders represent a serious problem in public health, resulting in absenteeism, loss of work and disabilities. Questionnaires have been considered useful to identify musculoskeletal symptoms and to investigate correlated factors in workplace. The study objectives were to translate and adapt the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire into the Brazilian Portuguese language and evaluate its reliability in patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. The cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the internationally recommended methodology, using the following guidelines: translation, back-translation, revision by a committee and pretest. The pretest was carried out with 30 patients suffering from musculoskeletal disorders. Psychometric properties were evaluated by administering the questionnaire to 105 subjects with musculoskeletal disorders and receiving physical therapy treatment. The reliability was estimated through stability and homogeneity assessment. The construct validity was tested comparing the 105 subjects suffering from musculoskeletal disorders to 105 healthy workers. The results indicated good content validity and internal consistency (Cronbach alpha= 0,95). Cronbach alpha for each scale was > 0,85, except for the social demand scale. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the test-retest reliability was satisfactory for mental demands (ICC= 0,68) and excellent for the others (0,82 ¿ 0,91). In relation to the construct validity, the mean score obtained for each scale was lower for physical, work scheduling, and output demands in the subjects with musculoskeletal disorders. There was a significant difference (p<0,001) between the groups in comparison to work scheduling, physical and output demands. The data showed that the cross-cultural adaptation process was successful and the adapted instrument demonstrated psychometric properties making it reliable to use in the Brazilian culture. Key-words: Ergonomics. Occupational Health Nursing. Musculoskeletal Diseases. Work Capacity Evaluation. Cross-cultural Comparison
Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestre em Enfermagem

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Dequidt, Clotilde. "Étude des conditions d'efficacité d'une analogie mécanique instrumentée pour l'enseignement de l'électrocinétique en terminale scientifique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20014/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Depuis plus de trente années, des recherches en didactique de la physique ont montré dans un grand nombre de pays que les élèves rencontrent des difficultés d'apprentissage en électricité et ce, quel que soit le niveau scolaire. Ces difficultés s’expliquent notamment par un certain nombre de conceptions qui viennent entraver la compréhension des phénomènes électriques. Pour palier ces difficultés, les didacticiens, et de fait les enseignants, utilisent des analogies plus ou moins adaptées et performantes. Pour réaliser notre travail de recherche, nous étudions une analogie innovante entre les domaines mécanique (domaine source) et électrique (domaine cible), cette analogie a la particularité d'être instrumentée, ce qui permet d'expérimenter dans le domaine source. Notre travail de recherche s’intéresse aux conditions d’efficacité de cette analogie pour l'apprentissage des élèves. La revue bibliographique dans les domaines de la didactique de la physique, l'ergonomie et la cognition incarnée a permis, dans un premier temps, d'établir un ensemble de conditions auxquelles doit répondre l'analogie pour être efficace. Notre travail a permis de montrer que cette analogie possède les critères requis pour être considérée comme une analogie potentiellement efficace. Dans un second temps, nous avons vérifié l'impact de la mise en oeuvre de cette analogie avec des élèves de terminale scientifique. Pour cela nous avons réalisé des questionnaires et des entretiens avec les élèves. Les résultats aux questionnaires mettent en évidence une efficacité moindre que celle que laissait supposer l'étude sur le potentiel didactique de l'analogie. C'est par le biais d'entretiens auprès des enseignants et d'enregistrements de cours qu'une très grande disparité d'utilisation de l'analogie a été repérée. L'étude des données recueillies permet de mieux comprendre les raisons qui expliquent la faible utilisation de l'analogie. Ces résultats ont permis la conception d'une première version d'un guide d'utilisation à destination des enseignants
For over thirty years, research in didactics of physics have shown in many countries that students encounter learning difficulties in electricity and that, regardless of the grade level. These difficulties can be especially explained by a number of misconceptions that prevent the understanding of electrical phenomena. To overcome these difficulties, researchers in didactics and teachers use analogies which are more or less adapted and powerful. To achieve our research, we study an innovative mechanical analogy between mechanical domain (source domain) and electrical domain (target domain). This analogy has the feature of being instrumented, which allows to experiment in the source domain. Our research focusses on the conditions of effectiveness of this analogy for student learning. The literature review in physics, science education, ergonomics and embodied cognition allowed, firstly, to establish a set of conditions to be met by the analogy to be effective. Our work has shown that this analogy has the necessary criteria to be considered an effective analogy. Secondly, we tested the impact of the implementation of this analogy with scientific 12th grade students. For this, we made tests and interviews with students. The test results show a lower efficiency than suggested by the study of the potential of the analogy. Through interviews with teachers and course records, we note a great disparity of use of the analogy. The study of collected data allows to better understand the reasons of the low use of the analogy. These results allowed to design a first version of a manual for teachers

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Reis, Luís Francisco Gomes. "Contribuição da ergonomia para concepção de centrais de esterilização de instrumentos odontológicos." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/79006.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T22:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2013-07-16T18:06:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 179124.pdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Partimos do contexto que todo instrumental utilizado em procedimentos clínicos e/ou cirúrgicos, nas várias disciplinas do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, devem ser esterilizados na Central de Esterilização de Instrumentos Odontológicos desta Instituição. Desta forma, as atividades exercidas conotam grande responsabilidade, e os funcionários não podem sofrer interferências físicas, ambientais ou organizacionais negativas. Na literatura, pouco se encontra em relação às normas específicas para Centrais de Esterilização em Odontologia, mas sim para Centrais Hospitalares, e portanto os setores responsáveis pela esterilização em Faculdades ou Clínicas, precisam sofrer adaptações. Este fato torna o estudo, um pioneiro na avaliação de condicionantes deste posto de trabalho. O local idealizado para comportar os equipamentos e mobiliário destinado aos processos de esterilização e armazenagem do instrumental dos alunos do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, foi primeiramente vistoriado e aprovado pela Vigilância Sanitária Municipal. A partir de então, foi reformado para receber os equipamentos necessários, mas não foram obedecidas as dimensões antropométricas de seus funcionários. Assim, através da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho, procurou-se identificar aspectos das condições de trabalho que poderiam estar repercutindo na saúde e no desempenho dos trabalhadores da Central de Esterilização de Instrumentos Odontológicos da Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná, e recomendar mudanças no arranjo do posto de trabalho, adaptando-o às características de seus funcionários. Constatou-se que o ambiente pode estar agindo negativamente nas atividades, assim como as condições físicas do local não são condizentes

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Bourmaud, Gaëtan Rabardel Pierre. "Les systèmes d' instruments méthodes d' analyse et perspectives de conception /." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris VIII, 2006. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/bourmaud_gaetan.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Bensaoula, Salah. "Modèle et dispositifs pour l'évaluation de la charge mentale par la méthode de double tache." Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STET4009.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Howard, Thomas. "Haptic feedback for laparoscopic surgery instruments." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066270.

Full text

Abstract:

La présente thèse traite de l'utilisation de retours haptiques pour fournir des informations aux chirurgiens durant des opérations de chirurgie minimalement invasive dans le but de les aider à améliorer leurs gestes.De meilleurs résultats pour les patients on amené la chirurgie minimalement invasive à devenir le standard pour bon nombre d'interventions. Cependant, la perte de perception de profondeur, la coordination main-oeil compliquée ainsi que les distorsions de sensations haptiques compliquent largement la tâche pour le chirurgien. Nous explorons le potentiel de retours haptiques pour intuitivement assister les chirurgiens durant des gestes de chirurgie minimalement invasive. Les formes de retour évaluées sont principalement haptiques (tactiles et kinesthésiques), avec des comparaisons à des retours visuels et multi-modaux (combinaisons de retours visuels et haptiques).Nos expériences dans le domaine de la navigation d'outils de chirurgie montrent des résultats encourageants quand aux bénéfices obtenus par des retours haptiques en termes d'amélioration de la qualité du geste chirurgical. Les guides par "virtual fixtures" montrent une nette supériorité par rapport aux autres formes de retour étudiées, cependant les retours vibrotactiles permettent aussi des améliorations notables. Des travaux parallèles sur le retour d'informations au sujet des efforts d'intéraction en bout d'outils a mis en évidence des différences importantes en termes des exigences de conception pour le retour tactile. Ceci nous a permis d'effectuer une conception et validation préliminaire de retours tactiles spécifiques à des applications de maitrise d'efforts, en utilisant l'exemple de la suture
The present thesis focuses on the use of haptic feedback technologies to provide information to surgeons during laparoscopic or minimal access surgery (MAS) with the aim of assisting them in improving their gestures.Better overall outcomes for patients have led MAS to become standard for many surgical interventions. However, loss of visual depth perception, difficult hand-eye coordination and distorted haptic sensation seriously complicate this task for the surgeon. We explore the potential of haptic cues for intuitively assisting surgeons during MAS gestures. Evaluated forms of feedback mainly focus on haptic (tactile and kinaesthetic) cues, but include comparisons to visual and multi-modal combined haptic and visual cues.Experiments on surgical tool navigation show encouraging results for the benefit of haptic cues in improving surgical gestures, with clear superiority of soft guidance virtual fixtures over other forms of feedback. However, promising results for the use of vibrotactile feedback are also obtained. These results are confirmed in preliminary experiments on tool navigation in preliminary experiments on tool navigation during a laparoscopic cutting training task.Parallel work on feeding back interaction forces highlighted significant differences in the usability and design requirements for tactile cues when compared to instrument navigation applications. This led us to design and perform preliminary testing on tactile cues appropriate force information in the case of intra-corporeal suture knot tying

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Brunet, Lucie. "Etude ergonomique de la modalité haptique comme soutien à l’activité de déplacement piéton urbain : un projet de conception de produit innovant." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA113009/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Qu’ils soient voyageurs occasionnels ou réguliers, les piétons se déplaçant en environnement urbain et en transport en commun ont à faire face à la complexité du réseau de transport des grandes villes. Les aides au déplacement sont nombreuses et variées. Elles peuvent être fixes (par exemple, panneaux de signalisation) ou mobiles (par exemple, applications sur smartphone). Ces aides utilisent principalement la modalité sensorielle visuelle, déjà fortement sollicitée lors d’un déplacement urbain. Une alternative intéressante serait d’utiliser l’haptique (sens du toucher). En effet, cette modalité permet de transmettre au porteur d’un dispositif haptique des informations de déplacement et de navigation, en attirant discrètement son attention par des messages délivrés tactilement.S’inscrivant dans une démarche d’ergonomie prospective, cette thèse vise à étudier l’apport de la modalité haptique comme soutien à l’activité de déplacement piéton urbain. L’objectif appliqué est la conception d’un dispositif haptique d’aide au déplacement innovant, efficace et accepté par les utilisateurs futurs. Ce projet de conception s’est déroulé dans le cadre du projet ANR Tictact, mené par le CEA-LIST de 2011 à 2014. L’utilisation de la modalité haptique étant posée comme un parti pris initial, l’objectif du projet était de déterminer la forme que devrait prendre l’assistance aux usagers et la technologie de l’outil d’aide.Pour répondre à ce défi, nous avons mis en œuvre trois études successives. La première visait à comprendre les activités cognitives élémentaires mobilisées pour consulter les supports d’informations nécessaires à la navigation piétonne. Pour cela, nous avons analysé le comportement d’un piéton effectuant un trajet urbain (en métro et à pied). Les résultats nous ont permis de spécifier les fonctions d’aide que devrait remplir un futur dispositif d’aide au déplacement. Complétées par une revue de la littérature sur les interfaces haptiques et leur utilisation pour l’aide au déplacement, ces résultats nous ont conduits à déterminer les fonctions éligibles à la modalité haptique. La seconde étude visait à concevoir l’interaction haptique avec le dispositif d’aide, en deux étapes : élaborer le concept d’interface et concevoir le langage d’interaction. Une démarche de conception participative a été mise en œuvre, étayée par l’utilisation d’un prototype et de méthodes créatives. Cette démarche a abouti à : (i) identifier un message informationnel approprié à chaque fonction de déplacement ; (ii) traduire ce message (par analogie) en métaphore ; (iii) transformer chaque métaphore en motifs vibratoires délivrés par un bracelet haptique. La troisième étude visait à évaluer le dispositif haptique (bracelet couplé à un Smartphone) en environnement réel. Une analyse d’activité de déplacement urbain a été menée, comparant un groupe disposant de notre prototype haptique d’aide à un groupe sans prototype. Les résultats confirment la potentialité de la modalité haptique pour améliorer les performances de déplacement et notamment une allure de déplacement plus fluide et une diminution du temps de consultation d’un support d’information. Notre étude ouvre des perspectives pour l’utilisation de la modalité haptique dans diverses interfaces mobiles (par exemple une smartwatch)
Whether they are occasional or regular travellers, the pedestrians travelling in an urban environment and using public transportation have to face the complexity of the transportation network of large cities. The travelling aids are numerous and varied. They can be stationary or mobile (for example, applications on smartphones). These aids rely mainly on the visual sensory modality, already heavily requested during urban travel. An interesting alternative would be to use haptics (sense of touch). Indeed, this modality enables to convey travel and navigational information to the owner of a haptic device, by drawing discreetly his attention with tactile messages. Joining an approach of prospective ergonomics, this thesis aims to study the contribution of the haptic modality as a support for the activity of urban pedestrian travel. The applied objective is the design of a haptic device as an innovative travel aid, effective and accepted by the future users. This design project took place within the framework of the ANR project Tictact, led by the CEA-LIST from 2011 till 2014. The use of the haptic modality being put as an initial bias, the objective of the project was to determine the form that the assistance and the technology of the travel aid should take.To tackle this challenge, we conducted three successive studies. The first one, aimed at understanding the elementary cognitive activities mobilized when consulting information necessary to the pedestrian navigation. For that purpose, we analysed the behaviour of a pedestrian undertaking an urban travel (in the subway and on foot). The results allowed us to specify the functions that a future device assisting in the travel should include. Completed by a review of the literature on haptic interfaces and their use for assisting travel, these results led us to determine the eligible functions of the haptic modality.The second study aimed at designing the haptic interaction with the haptic interface, in two stages: first develop the concept of the interface and second design the interaction language. An approach of participative design was implemented, supported by the use of a device prototype and creative methods. This approach succeeded in: i) identifying an informative message suitable for each function of the travel; ii) translating this message (using an analogy) into a metaphor; and iii) transforming every metaphor into vibrotactile patterns delivered by a haptic wristband.The third study aimed at evaluating the haptic device (a wristband coupled with a Smartphone) in a real environment. An analysis of the activity of urban travel was conducted, comparing a group having a prototype of our haptic assistant to a group without such prototype. The results confirm the potentiality of the haptic modality to improve the travel performance in particular to enable a more fluid speed of travel and a decrease in the consultation time of an information medium. Our study opens up perspectives for the use of the haptic modality in diverse mobile interfaces (for example a smartwatch)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Shimabukuro, Vanessa Gusmão de Paula. "Adaptação do instrumento sobre fatores do trabalho que podem contribuir para sintomas osteomusculares para o trabalho do fisioterapeuta." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311469.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Neusa Maria Costa Alexandre
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T02:02:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Shimabukuro_VanessaGusmaodePaula_M.pdf: 2329349 bytes, checksum: f0eaad3e74661dda86131416bf2f5a79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Os sintomas osteomusculares englobam um amplo conjunto de problemas que envolvem o sistema musculoesquelético e relacionam-se com freqüência, embora não exclusivamente, com atividades do trabalho. Fatores biomecânicos, organizacionais e psicossociais tem sido associados ao desenvolvimento ou exarcebação destes sintomas. O trabalho do fisioterapeuta envolve diversos fatores de risco para a ocorrência de sintomas osteomusculares. Considerando-se a lacuna na literatura de instrumentos para a avaliação de fatores relacionados aos sintomas osteomusculares em fisioterapeutas no desempenho de seu trabalho, este estudo teve como objetivo adaptar o "Instrumento sobre atividades do trabalho que podem contribuir para sintomas osteomusculares" para o contexto do trabalho do fisioterapeuta, avaliando suas propriedades psicométricas. Inicialmente foi realizada uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica para adaptar e desenvolver os itens do questionário. Seguiu-se então a etapa de validade de conteudo, na qual um comite formado por 10 juizes contribuiu para a elaboração da versão que foi pré-testada em 11 fisioterapeutas. As propriedades psicométricas foram avaliadas por meio da auto-aplicação do questionário em 142 fisioterapeutas. A confiabilidade foi verificada segundo os critérios da estabilidade (teste-reteste) e da consistência interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach). A validade de constructo foi analisada por meio da técnica de grupos conhecidos, quando se comparou as respostas de fisioterapeutas com as de funcionários administrativos. A etapa de analise da validade de conteúdo resultou em mudanças nas instruções de preenchimento, redução de um item e inclusão do indicador NA (não se aplica) a escala de resposta. A analise do teste-reteste do instrumento mostrou CCI de 0,82 a 0,90 (p<0.001; IC 95% 0,75-0,93), apontando para evidencia da estabilidade do instrumento. Foi constatado um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0.91 para fisioterapeutas e 0.87 para funcionários administrativos o que sugere a consistência interna da versão adaptada. Na avaliação da aplicação do instrumento a grupos conhecidos constatou-se diferença estatisticamente significativa nos escores dos itens do instrumento entre os grupos. Desta forma a versão do "Instrumento sobre fatores do trabalho que podem causar sintomas osteomusculares" adaptada para fisioterapeutas, demonstrou evidencias de validade de conteúdo, confiabilidade (estabilidade e consistência interna) e validade de constructo, tornando-se importante ferramenta para pesquisas envolvendo essa temática.
Abstract: Musculoskeletal symptoms include a wide range of problems involving the musculoskeletal system and can be caused by work-related ergonomic factors. Even they have not been caused exclusively by work activities, they represent nowadays one of the biggest health problem. Physical therapists occupational tasks include many risks factors to development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, there are no validated questionnaires that investigate physiotherapists and this group of disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to adapt for physical therapists the "Work related activities that may contribute to job-related pain and/or injury" and to assess its psychometric properties. Initially, a broad literature review was performed in order to adapt and to develop the items of the questionnaire. Afterwards, a panel with 10 experts revised its content, and a pre-test was performed with 11 physical therapists. Then, was self-administrated in 142 physiotherapists and psychometric properties were evaluated. The reliability was verified by measuring the temporal stability through a test-retest design, and the internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was tested using the known-groups technique, comparing the physiotherapists responses with the answers obtained from a group of administrative workers. The expert panel suggested modifications in the instruction and 10 items of the questionnaire. The instrument was reduced from 17 to 16 items. The scale that firstly ranged from 0 to 10 had an extra option NA (not applicable) included. The test-retest indicated a Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.80-0.90 (p<0.001; 95%CI 0.75-0.93). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.91 for physical therapists and 0.87 for administrative workers. Construct validity demonstrated a statistically significant difference in both groups. This study showed evidence of content validity, reliability (stability and internal consistency) and construct validity of the "Work related activities that may contribute to job-related pain and/or injury among physical therapists", pointing this instrument as a useful tool for the researches involving this issue.
Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestre em Enfermagem

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Menin, Mariana [UNESP]. "Análise ergonômica de instrumentos líticos pré-históricos brasileiros: uma contribuição para a história da ergonomia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110870.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-02T11:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014Bitstream added on 2014-12-02T11:21:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000797468.pdf: 3913720 bytes, checksum: cb32b171e9fe3cd0d8370bf3e89fc31f (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A ergonomia é uma das ciências, se não a única, com data exata de seu nascimento - 12 de julho de 1949. No Brasil esta ciência tem pouco mais de 30 anos. A história da Ergonomia, ou seja, todo o período posterior à sua data de nascimento vem sendo muito estudada no Brasil e no mundo. Porém o que precede essa história, o que podemos chamar de pré-história da Ergonomia, até hoje foi pouco debatida. Para vários autores o início desta está relacionado à criação das primeiras ferramentas pelo Homem, ou seja, quando o homem primitivo sente a necessidade de adaptar instrumentos para facilitar suas tarefas cotidianas. Assim, a Arqueologia - ciência que estuda do passado do homem através de restos materiais de suas atividades, pode ser uma importante ferramenta para investigação desta hipótese e para a compreensão dos critérios que o homem já busca de conforto, segurança e facilidade na construção de suas ferramentas. O objetivo desta tese é a análise de ferramentas de pedra lascada desenvolvidas pelos Homens pré-históricos, avaliando principalmente as pega/empunhaduras de seus instrumentos, sendo possível apresentar dados e informações para a contextualização da história da ergonomia no Brasil. Foram utilizados como objetos de estudo artefatos líticos do CEMAARQ da UNESP de Presidente Prudente (SP), do Museu de Arqueologia e Paleontologia de Araraquara (SP) e do Museu Municipal de Jahu (SP). As peças arqueológicas escolhidas foram moldadas com mistura de borracha líquida de poliuretano, molde de silicone. Com o auxílio dos moldes os instrumentos arqueológicos foram reproduzidos - de maneira fiel com relação ao peso e cor - em resina de poliéster e cargas (areia e micro esferas de ferro fundido). Após a reprodução, as pegas/empunhaduras foram analisadas. O método utilizado para a avaliação do tipo de preensão foi o emprego de luvas dotadas de sensores FSRs que registram as cargas durante a...
Ergonomics is a science, if not the only one, with the exact date of its appearance - July 12, 1949. In Brazil, this science is just a little more than 30 years of age. The history of Ergonomics - i.e. the entire period following its date of birth - has been extensively studied in Brazil and worldwide. But what precedes this history, which we may call the pre-history of Ergonomics, has been little debated until now. For many authors, the beginning of this relates to the creation of the first Man-made tools, i.e. when primitive man feels the need to adapt tools to facilitate their everyday tasks. Thus, Archeology - the science that studies Man's past through material remains of their activities, can be an important tool for invesetigating this hypothesis and to understand the criteria that man already sought like comfort, safety and ease of construction of their tools. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of chipped stone tools developed by prehistoric men, specially, evaluating the grips/handles of their tools, being possible to provide data and information to contextualize the history of Ergonomics in Brazil. Lithic artifacts from the CEMAARQ of the UNESP of Presidente Prudente (SP), from the Museum the Archaeology and Paleontology of Araraquara (SP) and from the Municipal Museum of Jahu (SP) were used as objects os study. The archaeological pieces chosen were molded using a mixture of polyurethane liquid rubber (silicone mold). With the aid of the molds, the archaeological tools were reproduced accurately - regarding weight and color - in polyester resin and an addition of sand and micro spheres of iron. After the reproduction of the pieces, the grips/handles were analyzed. The method used for assessing the type of grip was the use of gloves equipped with FSRs sensors, which record the loads during the simulation of possible activities performed with lithic tools

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Menin, Mariana. "Análise ergonômica de instrumentos líticos pré-históricos brasileiros : uma contribuição para a história da ergonomia /." Bauru, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110870.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: José Carlos Plácido da Silva
Co-orientador: Luís Carlos Paschoarelli
Banca: Paula da Cruz Landim
Banca: João Guarnetti dos Santos
Banca: Paulo Kawauchi
Banca: Robson Rodrigues
Resumo: A ergonomia é uma das ciências, se não a única, com data exata de seu nascimento - 12 de julho de 1949. No Brasil esta ciência tem pouco mais de 30 anos. A história da Ergonomia, ou seja, todo o período posterior à sua data de nascimento vem sendo muito estudada no Brasil e no mundo. Porém o que precede essa história, o que podemos chamar de "pré-história" da Ergonomia, até hoje foi pouco debatida. Para vários autores o início desta está relacionado à criação das primeiras ferramentas pelo Homem, ou seja, quando o homem primitivo sente a necessidade de adaptar instrumentos para facilitar suas tarefas cotidianas. Assim, a Arqueologia - ciência que estuda do passado do homem através de restos materiais de suas atividades, pode ser uma importante ferramenta para investigação desta hipótese e para a compreensão dos critérios que o homem já busca de conforto, segurança e facilidade na construção de suas ferramentas. O objetivo desta tese é a análise de ferramentas de pedra lascada desenvolvidas pelos Homens pré-históricos, avaliando principalmente as pega/empunhaduras de seus instrumentos, sendo possível apresentar dados e informações para a contextualização da história da ergonomia no Brasil. Foram utilizados como objetos de estudo artefatos líticos do CEMAARQ da UNESP de Presidente Prudente (SP), do Museu de Arqueologia e Paleontologia de Araraquara (SP) e do Museu Municipal de Jahu (SP). As peças arqueológicas escolhidas foram moldadas com mistura de borracha líquida de poliuretano, molde de silicone. Com o auxílio dos moldes os instrumentos arqueológicos foram reproduzidos - de maneira fiel com relação ao peso e cor - em resina de poliéster e cargas (areia e micro esferas de ferro fundido). Após a reprodução, as pegas/empunhaduras foram analisadas. O método utilizado para a avaliação do tipo de preensão foi o emprego de luvas dotadas de sensores FSRs que registram as cargas durante a...
Abstract: Ergonomics is a science, if not the only one, with the exact date of its appearance - July 12, 1949. In Brazil, this science is just a little more than 30 years of age. The history of Ergonomics - i.e. the entire period following its date of birth - has been extensively studied in Brazil and worldwide. But what precedes this history, which we may call the "pre-history" of Ergonomics, has been little debated until now. For many authors, the beginning of this relates to the creation of the first Man-made tools, i.e. when primitive man feels the need to adapt tools to facilitate their everyday tasks. Thus, Archeology - the science that studies Man's past through material remains of their activities, can be an important tool for invesetigating this hypothesis and to understand the criteria that man already sought like comfort, safety and ease of construction of their tools. The aim of this thesis is the analysis of chipped stone tools developed by prehistoric men, specially, evaluating the grips/handles of their tools, being possible to provide data and information to contextualize the history of Ergonomics in Brazil. Lithic artifacts from the CEMAARQ of the UNESP of Presidente Prudente (SP), from the Museum the Archaeology and Paleontology of Araraquara (SP) and from the Municipal Museum of Jahu (SP) were used as objects os study. The archaeological pieces chosen were molded using a mixture of polyurethane liquid rubber (silicone mold). With the aid of the molds, the archaeological tools were reproduced accurately - regarding weight and color - in polyester resin and an addition of sand and micro spheres of iron. After the reproduction of the pieces, the grips/handles were analyzed. The method used for assessing the type of grip was the use of gloves equipped with FSRs sensors, which record the loads during the simulation of possible activities performed with lithic tools
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Garcia, Noel A. "The Ergonomics of Playing Bassoon: A Natural and Stress Free Approach to Playing the Instrument." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1320327334.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Bourmaud, Gaëtan. "Les systèmes d' instruments : méthodes d' analyse et perspectives de conception." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/10854074X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse porte sur les outils des opérateurs chargés de la planification et de l’ordonnancement de la maintenance dans une entreprise de télédiffusion. Nous nous inscrivons dans le cadre théorique des activités avec instruments qui propose une approche psychologique des outils, alors nommés instruments. Les instruments ne sont pas donnés d’emblée, ils sont constitués par le sujet lui-même dans le cadre de processus de genèses instrumentales assimilables à une poursuite de la conception dans l’usage. Notre travail se propose d’étudier les instruments comme un ensemble cohérent et organisé par le sujet pour répondre à la diversité des situations rencontrées, nous parlons alors de système d’instruments. Dans cette recherche, l’enrichissement du cadre théorique tient (1) en une approche méthodologique spécifique des systèmes d’instruments et (2) en la proposition de perspectives nouvelles pour
This thesis is about operators’ tools in a broadcasting company. These workers are in charge of maintenance operations. The framework of this study is the theory of ‘instruments mediated activity’. It is about the psychological approach of tools, named instruments. It implies that instruments are developed by the subjects themselves during processes of instrumental genesis. In this theory, the development of instruments is seen as a continuation of design in usage. Our work is about the instruments as a whole as organized by the subjects to face a wide variety of situations: we then talked about instruments systems. In this research, we widen the theoretical scope by introducing a methodological approach dedicated to instruments systems and by proposing new perspectives for anthropocentred design based on the characteristics of instruments systems

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Radovanovic, Cremilde Aparecida Trindade. "Desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento para avaliar a movimentação e transferencia de pacientes : uma abordagem ergonomica." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311475.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador : Neusa Maria Costa Alexandre
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T09:35:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Radovanovic_CremildeAparecidaTrindade_M.pdf: 15557925 bytes, checksum: ba4a4ec53f91f7cc5c86278a7f973796 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002
Resumo: Os distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho, particularmente a dor e as lesões na região lombar, representam um risco para os trabalhadores de enfermagem. Esses profissionais são especialmente suscetíveis a problemas vertebrais pelo fato de terem que movimentar e transportar pacientes regularmente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver um instrumento para avaliar os riscos ergonômicos durante os procedimentos de movimentação e transferência de pacientes, validar e verificar sua confiabilidade. O presente instrumento para ser desenvolvido teve como referencial teórico a ergonomia. O instrumento é composto por oito tópicos: peso, altura, nível de consciência e psicomotricidade, mobilidade no leito, transferência, deambulação, cateteres e equipamentos e ambiente. A avaliação do instrumento foi verificada por meio da validade do conteúdo e do constructo. Para avaliar a validade do constructo, utilizou-se a técnica de grupos conhecidos, que contrasta os escores de grupos tidos como diferentes em relação ao atributo estudado. A confiabilidade compreendeu as verificações da consistência interna, da estabilidade (teste-reteste) e da equivalência (interobservadores). Para a avaliação da reprodutibilidade, enfermeiros de uma unidade hospitalar aplicaram o instrumento em duas etapas e sob condições similares. Foi observada uma significativa diferença entre as duas unidades hospitalares estudadas (Mann-Withey=0,0001 e Quiquadrado= 0,0001). A confiabilidade estimada pela consistência interna obteve um valor Alpha de Cronbach total de 0,81. Os testes que avaliaram a confiabilidade de estabilidade demonstraram excelente concordância e uma correlação positiva entre os enfermeiros (Kappa=0,92 e Pearson=0,92). A equivalência também demonstrou concordância satisfatória e correlação positiva entre os observadores, (Kappa=0,84 e Pearson=0,84). Os resultados indicaram que o instrumento conseguiu alcançar seu objetivo, demonstrando ser viável e poderá contribuir para um melhor planejamento da assistência de enfermagem
Abstract: Nursing personnel are at a high risk from work-related museuloskeletal disorders, espeeially baek symptoms. Handling patients has been attributed as one of the factors playing an important role in the aetiology of oeeupational low baek pain. The aim of the study was to develop an instrument to evaluate the ergonomie risks during patient-handling tasks, and to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. The instrument was developed with an ergonomie approaeh. The instrument eonsists of 8 items: weight, height, eonseiousness and psyehomotrieity, mobility in bed, transfers, walking, catheters and equipments, and environment. In order to identify the risk analysis, the total seores were categorized into three levels: "Iow risk" (seore:8-12), "medium risk" (seore:13-18) and high risk (seore:19- 24). The validity of the instrument was established by evaluating eontent and eonstruct validity. The eonstruet validity was tested by two groups of patients in two different hospital units that were expeeted to have eontrasting seores on the instrument. The reliability evaluation was estimated through homogeneity, stability (test-retest) and equivalence (interrater). To evaluate reability, hospital nurses administered the instrument twice to the same subjeets under similar eonditions. In the first step of the validation process, a judge panel of experts was requested to determine if the instrument was appropriate and aeeurate. The findings demonstrated a statiscally significant diference between the two groups in different hospital units (Mann-Whitney = 0.0001 and Chi-square = 0.0001). Reliability estimated by internal eonsisteney reaehed a Cronbaeh's alpha of 0.81. Pearson's eorrelation eoeffieient for test-retest reliability was r = 0.92. The agreement between the same observers was excellent, aeeording to the k values (Kappa = 0.92). The interobserver (interrater) reliability was assessed by Pearson's correlation eoeffieient, reaehing an r-value of 0.84. The agreement between the registrations of two observers was also fairly good (Kappa = 0.84). The results of the eurrent study show that the instrument seems to be reliable and valid for assessing patient handling tasks
Mestrado
Mestre em Enfermagem

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Jönsson, Anna, and Emily Brettéus. "dentÆd : Utveckling av medicintekniskt instrument som ökar säkerheten samt underlättar vid oral protetik." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Biomekanik och biomedicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25510.

Full text

Abstract:

Initiativet till projektet togs av tandvårdspersonal på Specialisttandvården i Halmstad då de upplevde problem vid arbete med oral protetik. Problemet, som projektet även bygger på, innebär att komponenter tappas och på grund av gravitationen samt patientens position riskeras att inhaleras eller sväljas. Detta innebär ett stress- och orosmoment, vilket bidrar till en försämrad psykosocial arbetsmiljö för tandvårdspersonalen. 2008 infördes det statliga tandvårdsstödet i Sverige vilket innebär en reducerad kostnad för protetikingrepp som lett till att fler har råd med oral protetik. Därför blir problemet mer och mer utbrett, vilket gjort kravet på en lösning mer eftertraktad. I projektet har dynamisk produktutveckling tillämpats med stort fokus på involvering av framtida användare. Artikelsökning, observation och enkätundersökning i genomförd produktdefinitionsfas lade grunden till projektet. Olika konceptgenererings- och utvärderingsmetoder tillämpades och födde den slutgiltiga prototypen. Under hela projektets gång har en kontinuerlig dialog och testning hos uppdragsgivarna utförts. Detta produktutvecklingsprojekt resulterade i ett instrument som underlättar för tandvårdspersonal samt ökar säkerheten för patienten vid oral protetik. Lösningen är en specialutformad pincett som träs på skruvmejseln och fixerar komponenter.
The project was initiated by dental personnel at the Specialist dentistry in Halmstad, Sweden, because they experienced problems when working with oral prosthetics. There is a risk that components are dropped and due to gravity and the patient's position, being inhaled or swallowed. This means stress and concerns, contributing to the deterioration of the psychosocial work environment for dental personnel. The Swedish dental State support was introduced in 2008, which gives the patient a reduced cost for dental prosthetic procedures. This allows more people to afford oral prosthetics. Therefore, the problem becomes more and more prevalent and the demand for a solution is requiered. The project has implemented dynamic product development with a major focus on the involvement of future users. The project was based on literature reviews, observation and survey, which was performed in the product definition phase. Different concept generation methods and evaluation methods were applied and resulted in a final prototype. A continuous dialogue and testing with the clients where performed throughout the project. This product development project resulted in an instrument that facilitates for dental personnel and increase safety for the patient during oral prosthetics. The solution is a specially designed forceps which slips onto the screwdriver and secures components.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Stenmark, Josefin. "Den spelande kroppen : En fenomenologisk studie om cellolärares syn på kroppen vid spel på cello." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för konstnärliga studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-56727.

Full text

Abstract:

Syftet med studien är att utforska och beskriva hur några cellolärare ser på fenomenet den spelande kroppen. I arbetets bakgrundskapitel ges en forskningsöversikt av musikers hälsa och skadeförebyggande instrumentalundervisning samt ett avsnitt om ”musikerergonomi”. Bakgrunden visar att musiker är en yrkesgrupp som har en stressig och pressande arbetsmiljö. Detta i kombination med hög belastning på vissa kroppsdelar leder till problem med bland annat smärtor. Studiens vetenskapsfilosofiska perspektiv är fenomenologi där ett livsvärldsperspektiv är utgångspunkten tillsammans med Merleau-Pontys och syn på kroppen som subjekt. I metodkapitlet presenteras studiens valda metod vilken är semistrukturerad intervju som i föreliggande studie videofilmas. I resultatet presenteras cellolärarnas syn på den spelande kroppen i tre meningsenheter. Den första, den levande kroppen tar upp kroppen som helhet, andning och kroppars olikheter. Där visas att cellolärarna har en helhetssyn på kroppen där cellisters olikheter behöver tas i beaktning och andningen ses som central. Andra meningsenheten kroppskännedom delas in i avsnitten att närvara i sin kropp, vanans makt, när kroppsligt engagemang blir negativt och när det gör ont. Meningsenheten beskriver hur cellolärarna ser på att uppleva den egna kroppen och känna efter samt vikten av att vara vaksam på smärtor och spänningar. I den tredje och sista meningsenheten kroppslig omsorg presenteras samspel mellan kropp och cello, avspänning, uppvärmning, stretch och yoga och annan träning. Där presenteras cellolärarnas syn på hur cellospelet kan ske med fokus på avspänning samt övningar med och utan instrument för att ta hand om kroppen. Avslutningsvis diskuteras resultatet i relation till tidigare presenterad litteratur och ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Diskussionen delas in i två delar där den första den spelande kroppen, visar hur kroppen ses om en helhet med sittställning och andning som centrala delar. Därtill erfar cellolärarna att grundkonditionen är av vikt för den spelande kroppens välbefinnande. I den andra delen kroppens syntes visas hur kroppsmedvetenhet och vanor är faktorer som enligt cellolärarna skapar förutsättningar och välmående för den spelande kroppen. Avslutningsvis diskuteras hur cellon som yttre objekt kan införlivas i den levande kroppen och på så vis bli en del av en helhet i form av den spelade kroppen.
The aim of this study is to explore and describe the views of some cello teachers on the phenomenon the playing body. In the background chapter of the work you will find a presentation of previous research of musicians’ health and injury prevention in music education and a section about “musician ergonomics”. The background shows that being a musician is an occupation with a stressful and pressing work place environment. This in combination with high strain on some body parts leads to problems such as pain. The science philosophical perspective of the study is phenomenology where a life-world perspective is the starting point together with Merleau-Ponty´s view on the body as the subject. In the method chapter, the method of the study is presented which consists of semi-structured interviews that are documented with video. In the result, the cello teachers’ views on the playing body is presented in three meaningful units. The first, the living body takes up the body as a whole, breathing and bodies differences. There it is shown that the cello teachers have a holistic approach on the body where cellists’ differences need to be taken into account and the breathing is seen as essencial. The second meaningful unit body awareness is divided into to be present in the body, force of the habit, when bodily involvement becomes negative and when it hurts. The meaningful unit describes how the cello teachers view the experience of the own body and being attentive to feelings and the importance of being alert to pain and tension. In the third and final meaningful unit bodily care, interaction between body and cello, relaxation, warm-up, stretch and yoga and other exercise, are presented. It introduces the celloteachers’ view on how cello can be played with focus on eliminating tensions and exercises with or without instruments for bodily care. Lastly the result is discussed in relation to previously presented literature and a phenomenological perspective. The discussion is divided into two parts, where the first, the playing body, shows how the body is seen as a whole, with sitting position and respiration being central subjects. In addition the cello teachers witness that basic condition is of importance for the well-being of the playing body. In the second part the synthesis of the body it shows how bodily awareness and habits are factors that according to the cello teachers create opportunities and well-being for the playing body. Finally there is discussion on how the cello as an exterior object can be incorporated with the living body and in that way become part of a whole in the shape of the playing body.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Narimoto, Lidiane Regina. "A gênese das gêneses instrumentais: o projeto no uso de máquinas colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil e na Austrália." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3462.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6827.pdf: 6176457 bytes, checksum: 823dd52eccef3613576b10cc5541f646 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-20
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The mechanization of sugarcane harvesting in Brazil has been presenting significant growth since 2007. The machines used in the fields were originally designed in Australia and were transferred to Brazil in the 70 s. Since its original conception, the design has suffered several modifications and improvements. In ergonomics, it is known that the appropriation of artifacts leads to a process of construction and reconstruction of uses and devices, so that the design continues in usage. With this regard, the present study aimed to analyze the process of design in use of sugarcane harvester machines and to contribute to the understanding of how users design. Considering that the machine was originated in Australia, the study also aimed to conduct a comparative study between the two situations, based on the principles of antropotechnology. Furthermore, given the historical participation of users in design process of sugarcane harvesters, the study also aimed to verify whether this participation still exists now that the design is controlled by multi-national equipment manufacturers. For this purpose, three case study were conducted in Brazil and two in Australia, according to the principles of Ergonomic Work Analysis. The obtained results describe the studied situations, the activity and operation, the modifications in machine s design performed by the harvesting teams, the elaboration process and the need for design improvements. The modifications in machines design were divided into three categories: structural, functional and operational. Structural modifications aimed to adapt the technology to Brazilian conditions: the soil characteristics and the duration of the harvesting season in the country. Functional modifications aimed to solve design problems not anticipated by designers during design process. Operational modifications represented the contribution of users and their activity to the design. In Brazil, several modifications were found and they were elaborated through the articulation of competences of two actors: harvester operator and harvester mechanic. Besides the differences in the amount of modifications, other differences between the two countries were the work organization and the harvesting strategies. It can be concluded that: 1) design in use is essential to adapt a technology to local conditions of usage; 2) the genesis of instrumental genesis is in the junction of operators activity and of mechanics inventory to practice bricolage as a way of designing, as well as the existence of social spaces of interaction between these subjects; 3) users participation, which has always been essential to the design of sugarcane harvester machines, is still crucial and can be reached through a dialogical approach of design.
A mecanização do corte de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil vem apresentando crescimento significativo desde 2007. As máquinas empregadas nos canaviais tiveram seu projeto originado na Austrália, sendo transferidas para o Brasil na década de 70. Desde sua concepção inicial, o projeto das máquinas sofreu diversas modificações e aprimoramentos. Na ergonomia, é sabido que a apropriação dos artefatos levam a um processo de construção e reconstrução de usos e dispositivos, de modo que o projeto continua no uso. Neste tocante, o presente estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar o processo de concepção no uso das máquinas colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar e contribuir para a compreensão de como os usuários projetam. Considerando que a máquina teve origem na Austrália, buscou-se realizar um estudo comparativo entre as duas condições de utilização, com base nos pressupostos da abordagem da antropotecnologia. Além disso, dado o histórico de participação de usuários no projeto das máquinas colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar, buscou-se compreender se essa participação ainda existe e como ela ocorre agora que a fabricação das máquinas é dominada por grandes fabricantes. Para isso, foram realizados estudos de caso em três situações no Brasil e duas situações na Austrália, segundo os pressupostos da Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho (AET). Os resultados obtidos descrevem as situações estudadas, a atividade e os detalhes da operação, as modificações no projeto realizadas pelas equipes, seu processo de elaboração e as necessidades de melhorias. As modificações no projeto foram divididas em três categorias: estruturais, funcionais e operacionais. As modificações estruturais visavam adequar a tecnologia às condições de uso do Brasil: características dos terrenos e a duração da operação das máquinas em uma safra brasileira. As modificações funcionais resolviam problemas de projeto não antecipados durante o processo de concepção dos projetistas. Já as modificações funcionais representaram a contribuição dos usuários e do desenvolvimento da atividade para o projeto. No Brasil foram encontradas inúmeras modificações, elaboradas através da articulação das competências de dois atores: operador de máquina e mecânico. Além das diferenças nas modificações no artefato, outras duas diferenças relevantes entre os países foram com relação à organização do trabalho e à estratégia de corte. Conclui-se que: 1) o projeto no uso é essencial para adequar uma tecnologia às condições de uso locais; 2) a gênese das gêneses instrumentais está na junção da atividade dos operadores e do repertório dos mecânicos para praticar a bricolagem, bem como na existência de espaços sociais de interação entre esses atores; 3) a participação dos usuários, que sempre foi fundamental para 8 o projeto das máquinas colhedoras de cana-de-açúcar, continua sendo essencial e pode ser alcançada através de uma abordagem dialógica de concepção.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Neves, Mirela das. "Análise ergonômica do trabalho como instrumento de reprojeto de tarefas orientada pela Gestão do Conhecimento." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/78292.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T12:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T17:11:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 187173.pdf: 24279602 bytes, checksum: b51fd16bce0303ea503f9cf20d570f88 (MD5)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Araujo, Adriana Francisca de. "Influência do design de instrumentos de escrita manual na percepção e no desempenho da atividade por pessoas com sem rizartrose /." Bauru, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138057.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Luís Carlos Paschoarelli
Banca: Débora Couto de Melo Carrijo
Banca: Fausto Orsi Medola
Resumo: As atividades humanas e os artefatos utilizados para sua realização têm sido foco de estudos na área de Design Ergonômico. A interface homem/tecnologia é parte do escopo de pesquisa nos campos de design, ergonomia e saúde. O objetivo desse estudo foi a investigação sobre as diferenças no uso da força aplicada durante a escrita manual em pessoas com e sem rizartrose, bem como avaliar a influência do design do instrumento de escrita (caneta) na percepção de uso nas duas amostras. Trata-se de um estudo piloto, transversal e exploratório, em que foram desenvolvidas e aplicadas avaliações de percepção de esforço e conforto e força de preensão digital em 30 sujeitos, divididos em dois grupos de participantes do gênero feminino na faixa etária de 40 a 60 anos. Os dados coletados foram analisados através de testes estatísticos visando identificar diferenças (p≤0,05) entre os grupos. Os resultados mostraram que existem diferentes percepções sobre o uso da caneta pelos dois grupos e que não ocorrem ajustes na força de preensão digital durante o uso de diferentes instrumentos de escrita no grupo com rizartrose. Dentre as discussões apresentadas sobre o desempenho funcional das pessoas com e sem rizartrose destaca-se a importância do cuidado com as estruturas articulares durante o desempenho das atividades cotidianas e profissionais, considerando o uso dos instrumentos manuais e as intervenções terapêuticas. Portanto, é necessário aprimorar as reflexões entre aspectos fisiológicos e da n... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Human activities and artfacts used for its achievement have been study focus in the area of ergonomic design. The interface man/technology is part of the scope of research in the fields of design, ergonomy and health. The aim of this study was the investigation of the differences in the use of the applied force during handwriting in the people with and without "rizarthrosis", as well as to evaluate the influence of the design of the writing instrument (pen) in the perception of use in both samples. It is a transversal and exploratory pilot study in which avaliations of perception of effort and comfort, and digital grip strength were developed and applied in 30 subjects divided into two groups of female participants between 40-60 years old. The collected data were analyzed through statistical tests aiming to identify differences (p≤0,05) between the groups. The results showed that there are different perceptions about the pen use by both groups and that adjustments do not occur in the digital grip strength during the use of different instruments of de writing in the "rizarthrosis" group. Among the discussions presented about the functional development of the people with and without "rizarthrosis", it is highlited the importance of the care with the articular structures during the performance of the daily and professional activities, considering the use of the manual instruments and the therapeutic interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reflexions between phys... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Barbosa, Ailton. "Um enfoque ergonomico das condições ruidosas em ambientes de trabalho no ramo de caldeiraria." Florianópolis, SC, 1997. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/77264.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnologico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T02:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2016-01-08T22:16:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 108488.pdf: 9578153 bytes, checksum: bd8e0ae5a98ef3a6ab4c36db84e4c426 (MD5)
O ruído é o agente nocivo mais prevalecente nos ambientes de trabalho. Sua exposição leva nos a formas variadas de desgaste biopsíquico que podem manifestar-se através de patologias específicas como é o caso da perda auditiva e de sintomas gerais e inespecíficos, como por exemplo os distúrbios da atenção, do sono e do humor.As perdas auditivas são entendidas como uma dentre as várias dimensões do desgaste biopsíquico de um grupo de trabalhadores submetidos a cargas de trabalho variadas.A poluição sonora é uma das formas de poluição que mais vem se agravando dia a dia, numa escala de níveis de ruído cada vez mais elevados, exigindo soluções a curto prazo para controlar os seus efeitos sobre o meio ambiente

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Resende, Adson Eduardo. "Salas de controle: do artefato ao instrumento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-30012012-155514/.

Full text

Abstract:

O projeto de espaços de trabalho exige, por parte do projetista, equacionar conflitos entre as diversas lógicas parciais dos vários usuários de um mesmo artefato. Compreender as relações estabelecidas entre os vários subsistemas que compõem a atividade de trabalho e dos ambientes leva, inevitavelmente, à necessidade de se desenvolver métodos de projeto que possam contemplar demandas inerentes a essa complexidade. Com efeito, poderíamos inferir que, na verdade, o que é preciso considerar na hora do projeto é a existência de uma interface entre o artefato de trabalho e o usuário. É o exercício pleno do uso dessa interface que permite aos usuários construírem sua experiência. Nessa experiência, encontramos os requisitos de projeto, e, para recuperá-la e fazer emergirem as necessidades do projeto, devemos lançar mão de métodos que se adéquem às condições atuais da prática projetual e às situações reais de uso dos artefatos. A evolução do artefato para instrumento resulta da associação dos artefatos com os esquemas de utilização dos seus usuários, reflexo da sua experiência. Metodologias como a Análise Ergonômica do Trabalho e a Avaliação Pós-Ocupação, apoiadas na Teoria da atividade, e por ela guiadas, podem ajudar na construção de uma reflexão consciente sobre a complexidade e as variáveis que surgem no uso dos ambientes de trabalho. O nosso grande labor no estudo de caso fundamenta-se no acompanhamento da atividade em curso, numa sala de controle de um sistema de Metrô. Durante as observações e levantamentos realizados, pudemos identificar a distância entre o projeto da sala e o trabalho real dos operadores e seus esquemas de utilização. O projeto tem sido reflexo de um processo de concepção que precisa ser incrementado, incorporando, definitivamente, características da atividade e a experiência dos usuários.
Design of work spaces demands from the designer solving conflicts which arise from the many partial logics of the various users of a same artifact. To understand the relations established between the many subsystems which make up the activity of work and its environment, leads inevitably to the need of developing design methods capable of dealing with the inherent demands of this complexity. Under this light, it is possible to infer that the existence of an interface between the work artifact and the user has to be considered when drafting a project. It is the very exercise of the use of this interface which allows users to construct their own experiences. Consequently, the design requirements are found within the experience itself, and, to recover it and impel the emergence of design\'s needs, one must forgo the methods which are linked to the current conditions of the accepted practices of design. The evolution from artifact to instrument results from the association of artifacts with the utilization schemes presented by users, a reflection of their own experiences. Methodologies, such as Ergonometric Analysis of Work and Post-Occupancy Evaluation, supported and guided by the Theory of activity, can help the construction of a conscientious reflection on both, complexity and variables which arise throughout the use of a work environment. The major work realized in this case study is based on the follow-up of in-progress activities within a subway\'s system control room. Observation and surveys carried out along this study identified a void between the design of the control room and the real work performed by the employees and their utilization schemes. Design should reflect a conception process which incorporates characteristics of both user activities and user experience.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Araujo, Adriana Francisca de [UNESP]. "Influência do design de instrumentos de escrita manual na percepção e no desempenho da atividade por pessoas com sem rizartrose." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138057.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by ADRIANA FRANCISCA DE ARAÚJO null (adrifranci@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-19T11:39:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Adriana Araujo.pdf: 1781999 bytes, checksum: b4418cc74a5cd142fa4696bd2b89d098 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-26T12:31:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_af_me_bauru.pdf: 1781999 bytes, checksum: b4418cc74a5cd142fa4696bd2b89d098 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T12:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_af_me_bauru.pdf: 1781999 bytes, checksum: b4418cc74a5cd142fa4696bd2b89d098 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As atividades humanas e os artefatos utilizados para sua realização têm sido foco de estudos na área de Design Ergonômico. A interface homem/tecnologia é parte do escopo de pesquisa nos campos de design, ergonomia e saúde. O objetivo desse estudo foi a investigação sobre as diferenças no uso da força aplicada durante a escrita manual em pessoas com e sem rizartrose, bem como avaliar a influência do design do instrumento de escrita (caneta) na percepção de uso nas duas amostras. Trata-se de um estudo piloto, transversal e exploratório, em que foram desenvolvidas e aplicadas avaliações de percepção de esforço e conforto e força de preensão digital em 30 sujeitos, divididos em dois grupos de participantes do gênero feminino na faixa etária de 40 a 60 anos. Os dados coletados foram analisados através de testes estatísticos visando identificar diferenças (p≤0,05) entre os grupos. Os resultados mostraram que existem diferentes percepções sobre o uso da caneta pelos dois grupos e que não ocorrem ajustes na força de preensão digital durante o uso de diferentes instrumentos de escrita no grupo com rizartrose. Dentre as discussões apresentadas sobre o desempenho funcional das pessoas com e sem rizartrose destaca-se a importância do cuidado com as estruturas articulares durante o desempenho das atividades cotidianas e profissionais, considerando o uso dos instrumentos manuais e as intervenções terapêuticas. Portanto, é necessário aprimorar as reflexões entre aspectos fisiológicos e da neurociência que justificam parte desses resultados encontrados e discutidos acerca da percepção, força de preensão digital, rizartrose e atividades.
Human activities and artfacts used for its achievement have been study focus in the area of ergonomic design. The interface man/technology is part of the scope of research in the fields of design, ergonomy and health. The aim of this study was the investigation of the differences in the use of the applied force during handwriting in the people with and without “rizarthrosis”, as well as to evaluate the influence of the design of the writing instrument (pen) in the perception of use in both samples. It is a transversal and exploratory pilot study in which avaliations of perception of effort and comfort, and digital grip strength were developed and applied in 30 subjects divided into two groups of female participants between 40-60 years old. The collected data were analyzed through statistical tests aiming to identify differences (p≤0,05) between the groups. The results showed that there are different perceptions about the pen use by both groups and that adjustments do not occur in the digital grip strength during the use of different instruments of de writing in the “rizarthrosis” group. Among the discussions presented about the functional development of the people with and without “rizarthrosis”, it is highlited the importance of the care with the articular structures during the performance of the daily and professional activities, considering the use of the manual instruments and the therapeutic interventions. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reflexions between physiological aspects and neuroscience which justify part of these results found and discussed about perception, digital grip strength, “rizarthrosis”and activities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Guerrero, Guzmán Juan José. "Diseño e implementación de un dispositivo de estimulación eléctrica funcional inalámbrico para la corrección del síndrome del pie caído." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7840.

Full text

Abstract:

El síndrome del pie caído es un trastorno de la marcha de origen neurológico en el cual una persona no puede realizar el movimiento de dorsiflexión del pie lo cual tiene como consecuencia el desarrollo de marchas patológicas que afectan directamente la integridad física de las personas al ser potenciales fuentes de lesiones. Los métodos de tratamiento para la corrección de este trastorno contemplan desde el uso de órtesis, dispositivos de estimulación eléctrica superficial y dispositivos de estimulación eléctrica implantables. Sin embargo, dado el elevado costo de estos equipos son muy poco utilizados en terapias de rehabilitación en el Perú. En el presente trabajo de tesis se diseña e implementa un prototipo de dispositivo de estimulación eléctrica funcional para la corrección del síndrome del pie caído que permite programar los parámetros de estimulación de acuerdo a la necesidad de cada paciente. El desarrollo del prototipo consta de dos módulos: el módulo de sensores de activación, compuesto por sensores FSR, y el módulo electroestimulador encargado de generar y enviar los impulsos eléctricos. En los primeros capítulos se aborda la problemática general del síndrome del pie caído y se mencionan los fundamentos relacionados con este síndrome así como las características de la técnica de estimulación eléctrica funcional. Posteriormente, se detalla el diseño del dispositivo y se describen los módulos que lo conforman así como las etapas involucradas en los mismos. Finalmente, se realizaron pruebas con el prototipo desarrollado con el fin de verificar el cumplimiento de los objetivos establecidos.
Tesis

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Faust, Fernanda Gomes. "Proposição de um instrumento de levantamento de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de produtos manipulativos das atividades da vida diária." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/159424.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, Florianópolis, 2015.
Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T04:05:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 337538.pdf: 9154851 bytes, checksum: 62e6105e2d9f74f5e836a0f5f07de495 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Esta dissertação propõe um instrumento de levantamento de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de produtos manipulativos das atividades da vida diária. Inicialmente, é exposto um entendimento sobre o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos, usabilidade, a biomecânica do corpo, a classificação internacional da funcionalidade (CIF) e os aspectos da artrite reumatoide (AR) e instrumentos de avaliação da capacidade funcional. Esses instrumentos foram avaliados em relação a CIF e, também, analisadas suas similaridades com os métodos e métricas da usabilidade. Com base nesse estudo foi desenvolvido o instrumento e aplicado com dez indivíduos com AR, devido às características progressivas da doença, gerando incapacidades funcionais, principalmente manipulativas, com a finalidade de realizar melhorias e verificar sua viabilidade de aplicação. Como resultados percebeu-se a viabilidade do instrumento no auxílio do desenvolvimento de produtos, na busca por maior conhecimento do usu- ário, podendo assim, desenvolver produtos que facilitam a execução atividades da vida diária, trazendo mais satisfação ao uso e melhorando a qualidade de vida, assim como a viabilidade do uso do instrumento também para profissionais da área da saúde, na amenização e reconhecimento das dificuldades individuais.

Abstract : This thesis proposes an instrument for the gathering of requirements forthe development of products for manipulative activities of daily life. Initiallyit is exposed an understanding of the process of product development,usability, body biomechanics, the International Classification ofFunctionality (ICF) and the aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and assessmenttools of functional capacity. These instruments were evaluatedbased on the ICF and also compared their similarities to the methods andmetrics of usability. Based on this study it was developed a survey andapplied to ten patients with RA, due to their progressive disease characteristicsthat mainly generate manipulative functional disabilities, in orderto make improvements and to verify its application viability. As a resultit was realized the viability of the instrument in the aid of productdevelopment by the search for greater knowledge of the user thus beingable to develop products by facilitating the implementation activities ofdaily life, bringing more satisfaction to the use and improving the qualityof life, and also the feasibility of using the instrument for health professionals,in mitigation and recognition of individual difficulties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Åberg, Annika. "Tjänstemötet : Interaktionens kommersiella, byråkratiska och social logik." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Communication and IT, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1246.

Full text

Abstract:

The subject of this thesis is interaction in the service encounter. The aim is to describe and explain the service encounter interaction with a special focus on the social and organisational context. The contextual focus is related to two overriding questions: What significance does the human interaction have for the service encounter? What significance does the organisational context have for the service encounter?

The result show that even though the communication consists of four discerned phases – salutation, the subject of the call, concluding the subject, and rounding off the call, each phase also displays contradictions. Consequently, there are both relational and instrumental utterances, as well as symmetrical and asymmetrical aspects of the conversations.

These contradictory results of the relational-instrumental and symmetrical-asymmetrical features are explained when interaction is viewed in terms of three different sets of logic – the commercial, the bureaucratic, and the social. Every logic is constituted by a number of characteristics, each contributing to the shape of the interaction and to the relationship between the customer and the employee.

Analytically speaking, the three forms of logic can be described in terms of their respective field of action and rationality, that is, what the actors talk about and what the purpose of the talk is. It is shown that the actors must prioritise between economic, administrative and personal areas within a limited time of action. It is also clear that the disparate rationalities, that is, economic, executive and recognition, all exercise influence over the service encounter, which means that acts aiming at a specific goal are restricted by the objectives of the other logics. Therefore there is a certain self-regulating function in the antagonism between the logics. The positions of the employee in relation to the customer, the organisation and the so-called collective customer mean that there are demands made from three qualitatively different directions. There is, in other words, a three-bosses dilemma for employees. The different positions of the employee also entail three different asymmetrical relationships in which either the customer or the employee has the advantage. This position constructs the hierarchy of dominance between employee and customer.

To conclude, the interaction constitutes a complex relationship between the characteristics of the logics and when these combine the interaction of the service encounter is shaped. The fact that the service encounter involves human interaction means that there is a counter balance against the organisational ascendancy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Heath, Geoffrey. "Performance Management and Rationalityin Public Sector Organisations." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Människa och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-73875.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract and Keywords The thesis concerns different conceptions of rationality and their implications for organisations, especially in the public sector. The focus is on performance management (as widely defined) within public sector organisations as a subject for exploring these issues. This has long been controversial because seemingly simplistic approaches to performance management persist, despite well recognised shortcomings, such as a tendency to perverse incentives and unintended outcomes. Therefore, in the kappa, I analyse the notion of instrumental rationality, examine the established critique of instrumental rationality from a ‘political’ perspective and present the dilemma that this creates; i.e. how to improve processes of resource allocation and performance evaluation, while recognising organisational realities such as imbalances in power. The potential of communicative rationality as an alternative conceptualisation of rationality in organisations is then discussed. The development of public sector management from the fiscal crises of the 1970s is explained, with the rise of the ‘New Public Management’ based on neo-liberal ideas, and the subsequent opposition to it from ‘New Public Governance’ and ‘New Public Services’ paradigms. These potentially give more scope to participative and deliberative processes of generating performance measurement packages and control systems. Moreover, in practice, particularly interesting examples of participatory approaches have been found in developing countries which align with communicative rationality. A critical position is adopted in the thesis, seeking to challenge ‘managerialist’ orthodoxies. As a theoretical guide to understanding these issues, conceptual frameworks from the management control literature are used. Broadbent and Laughlin’s (2009) conceptual model of performance management systems has been of particular value. They draw on Weber and Habermas to distinguish between instrumental and communicative rationality models and between transactional and relational performance management systems. This enables them to identify two distinct ideal types of ‘rationality clusters’ (instrumental and communicative) to which organisations will incline. They also contend that contingent factors influence where actual organisations are located between these two ideal types. 7 The four papers I have selected for the licentiate from my various publications report on research carried out in three different public sector settings using different methods of investigation. Paper 1 considers the approaches to resource allocation and performance measurement then used by English Health Authorities at the time of writing. In Paper 2 an evaluation carried out at an English police service, utilising cost-consequences analysis, is described and discussed. Papers 3 and 4 concern a performance management regime for the English ambulance service, which became noted for promoting perverse incentives and ‘gaming’, and its subsequent replacement. The first two papers foreground issues of rationality and the last two issues of performance management; but these topics are interrelated and are relevant throughout. It is argued in all the papers that comprehensively ‘rationalistic’ approaches are flawed and that participation, deliberation and dialogue between stakeholders are desirable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Campos, Lívia Flávia de Albuquerque. "Usabilidade, percepção estética e força de preensão manual : influência no design ergonômico de instrumentos manuais : um estudo com tesouras de poda /." Bauru, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126294.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Luís Carlos Paschoarelli
Co-orientador: José Carlos Plácido da Silva
Banca: João Roberto Gomes de Faria
Banca: João Eduardo Guarnetti dos Santos
Banca: Raimundo Lopes Diniz
Banca: Fernando José Carneiro Moreira da Silva
Resumo: A ergonomia desempenha um importante papel na garantia da usabilidade de interfaces de acionamento manual. Avaliação têm abordado a capacidade do sistema musculoesquelético e concentrado investigações na relação Usuários x Tecnologia no nível das interações físicas. Entretanto, outras interações ocorrem no nível dos processos sensoriais, as quais são responsáveis por promover sensações de conforto, bem estar e identificação do usuário com o produto. Este nível de interação não tem sido contemplado nas análises de usabilidade e inclui a "estética da forma" ou "aparência global do objeto". O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma avaliação da usabilidade com atividades simuladas, a qual abordou a coleta de dados objetivos (força manual no acionamento de tesouras de poda) e subjetivos (percepção de conforto, desconforto e estética) com indivíduos adultos brasileiros de diferentes gêneros, faixas etárias e de duas cidades do Brasil, uma localizada na região Sudeste e outra na região Nordeste - Bauru - SP e São Luís - MA, respectivamente -, com a finalidade de verificar se as características estéticas de tesouras de poda possuem interação com as percepções de conforto e desconforto no uso e, consequentemente, na usabilidade percebida destes produtos, além de compreender a influência das demais variáveis que interferem a realização das atividades de uso. Esta pesquisa, de caráter experimental, avaliou 300 indivíduos distribuídos nas duas cidades brasileiras, 150 sujeitos igualmente distribuídos nas faixas de 18 a 29 anos (25 homens e 25 mulheres); 30 a 55 anos (25 homens e 25 mulheres); acima de 55 (25 homens e 25 mulheres). Os métodos e técnicas aplicadas basearam-se no atendimento aos critérios e recomendações biomédicas e éticas. A análise dos dados baseou-se em estatísticas descritiva e contou com a aplicação de testes para verificação das diferenças estatisticamente...
Abstract: Ergonomics has an important rule in ensuring the usability of manual interfaces. Studies have addressed the ability of the musculoskeletal system and focused investigations in relation User x Technology at the level of the physical interactions. However, other interactions occur in sensory processes, which are responsible for promoting feelings of comfort, wellness and user identification with the product. This interactions has not been contemplated in the analysis of usability and includes the "aesthetics shape" or "overall appearance". The aim of this study was to conduct a usability evaluation with simulated activities, which addressed the collection goals (band strengh) and subject data (perception of confort, discomfort and aesthetics) with Brazilian adults of different genders, age groups and two cities in Brazil, located in the Southeast and in the Northeast - Bauru-SP and São Luís-MA, respectively - in order to check if the aesthetic features of pruning shears have interaction with the perception of confort and discomfort use and, therefore, the perceived usability of these products, in addition to understand the influence of other variables which affect the carrying out of activities of use. This research has experimental basis. We evaluated 300 individuals distributed in two Brazilian cities, 150 subjects equally distributed in the ranges 18-29 years (25 and 25); 30-55 years (25 and 25); above 55 (25 and 25). The methods and techniques applied were based on meeting the criteria and biomedical ethics and recommendations. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and included the application of tests to verify the different statistically significant. The result indicate that for the pruning shears investigated, aesthetic perception influenced the perception of confort. The perception of comfort in turn is part of the perceived usability, included in the aspects of product satisfaction. The usability was also influenced...
Doutor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Campos, Lívia Flávia de Albuquerque [UNESP]. "Usabilidade, percepção estética e força de preensão manual: influência no design ergonômico de instrumentos manuais : um estudo com tesouras de poda." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126294.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:27:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000837951.pdf: 4631932 bytes, checksum: 6a72c1545b61b73bb1fa11f73a2ca2c6 (MD5)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A ergonomia desempenha um importante papel na garantia da usabilidade de interfaces de acionamento manual. Avaliação têm abordado a capacidade do sistema musculoesquelético e concentrado investigações na relação Usuários x Tecnologia no nível das interações físicas. Entretanto, outras interações ocorrem no nível dos processos sensoriais, as quais são responsáveis por promover sensações de conforto, bem estar e identificação do usuário com o produto. Este nível de interação não tem sido contemplado nas análises de usabilidade e inclui a estética da forma ou aparência global do objeto. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma avaliação da usabilidade com atividades simuladas, a qual abordou a coleta de dados objetivos (força manual no acionamento de tesouras de poda) e subjetivos (percepção de conforto, desconforto e estética) com indivíduos adultos brasileiros de diferentes gêneros, faixas etárias e de duas cidades do Brasil, uma localizada na região Sudeste e outra na região Nordeste - Bauru - SP e São Luís - MA, respectivamente -, com a finalidade de verificar se as características estéticas de tesouras de poda possuem interação com as percepções de conforto e desconforto no uso e, consequentemente, na usabilidade percebida destes produtos, além de compreender a influência das demais variáveis que interferem a realização das atividades de uso. Esta pesquisa, de caráter experimental, avaliou 300 indivíduos distribuídos nas duas cidades brasileiras, 150 sujeitos igualmente distribuídos nas faixas de 18 a 29 anos (25 homens e 25 mulheres); 30 a 55 anos (25 homens e 25 mulheres); acima de 55 (25 homens e 25 mulheres). Os métodos e técnicas aplicadas basearam-se no atendimento aos critérios e recomendações biomédicas e éticas. A análise dos dados baseou-se em estatísticas descritiva e contou com a aplicação de testes para verificação das diferenças estatisticamente...
Ergonomics has an important rule in ensuring the usability of manual interfaces. Studies have addressed the ability of the musculoskeletal system and focused investigations in relation User x Technology at the level of the physical interactions. However, other interactions occur in sensory processes, which are responsible for promoting feelings of comfort, wellness and user identification with the product. This interactions has not been contemplated in the analysis of usability and includes the aesthetics shape or overall appearance. The aim of this study was to conduct a usability evaluation with simulated activities, which addressed the collection goals (band strengh) and subject data (perception of confort, discomfort and aesthetics) with Brazilian adults of different genders, age groups and two cities in Brazil, located in the Southeast and in the Northeast - Bauru-SP and São Luís-MA, respectively - in order to check if the aesthetic features of pruning shears have interaction with the perception of confort and discomfort use and, therefore, the perceived usability of these products, in addition to understand the influence of other variables which affect the carrying out of activities of use. This research has experimental basis. We evaluated 300 individuals distributed in two Brazilian cities, 150 subjects equally distributed in the ranges 18-29 years (25 and 25); 30-55 years (25 and 25); above 55 (25 and 25). The methods and techniques applied were based on meeting the criteria and biomedical ethics and recommendations. Data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and included the application of tests to verify the different statistically significant. The result indicate that for the pruning shears investigated, aesthetic perception influenced the perception of confort. The perception of comfort in turn is part of the perceived usability, included in the aspects of product satisfaction. The usability was also influenced...

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Neves, Flávia Cardoso. "Contribuição da teoria da ação instrumental ao método de avaliação global de produtos: criando possibilidades." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2017. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/21743.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2018-09-11T13:44:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 571488 bytes, checksum: 535cc95e7a8882854beed894cff2bd15 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T13:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 571488 bytes, checksum: 535cc95e7a8882854beed894cff2bd15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O presente trabalho propôs a estudar a teoria da Ação Instrumental de Pierre Rabardel como possibilidade de aporte teórico ao Método Global de Avaliação de Produtos, desenvolvido pela Professora Amélia Carla, para a avaliação e análise da qualidade das interfaces de produtos eletrodomésticos em situações do uso cotidiano. Para a construção dos dados da pesquisa, utilizaram-se dados secundários, pertencentes ao banco de dados do Laboratório Interfaces que foram coletados e analisados por Amaral Junior (2013), no qual o autor fez observações de campo sobre o uso dos fornos micro-ondas por idosos. Esses dados foram codificados no software Alceste. A partir dos dados apresentados pelo software, permitiram-se avaliar quais são os aspectos divergentes e/ou complementares entre a Teoria da Ação Instrumental e o Método de Avaliação Global de Produtos, bem como analisar as possibilidades de diálogo entre a Teoria da Ação Instrumental e o Método de Avaliação Global de Produtos para avaliação de produtos eletrodomésticos para idosos. Como aspecto complementar/dialogo, identificaram-se dois pontos: o primeiro foi o processo de instrumentação e instrumentalização (Gênese Instrumental) que poderá auxiliar teoricamente as etapas de avaliação heurística, observação e a entrevista em autoconfrontação do Método de Avaliação Global de Produtos, e o segundo, a definição de sujeito apresentada por Rabardel. Observou-se a não existência de aspectos divergentes entre a teoria e o método. Acredita-se, que a Teoria da Ação Instrumental de Pierre Rabardel pode contribuir para o Método de Avaliação Global de Produtos, pois Rabardel traz algumas discussões que podem ser enriquecedoras para o Método, possibilitando uma análise com uma maior profundidade em relação à avaliação da usabilidade dos produtos.
The present work proposed to study the theory of Instrumental Action of Pierre Rabardel as a possibility of theoretical contribution to the Global Method of Product Evaluation, developed by Professor Amélia Carla for the evaluation and analysis of the quality of the interfaces of household appliances in daily use situations. To construct the research data, we used secondary data from the Interfaces Laboratory database that were collected and analyzed by Amaral Junior (2013), in which the author made field observations on the use of microwave ovens by the elderly. These data were encoded in Alceste software. From the data presented by the software, it was possible to evaluate the divergent and / or complementary aspects between the Theory of Instrumental Action and the Global Product Evaluation Method, as well as to analyze the possibilities of dialogue between Instrumental Action Theory and the Global Product Evaluation Method for evaluating home appliances for the elderly. As a complementary aspect / dialogue, two points were identified: the first was the instrumentation and instrumentalisation process (Genesis Instrumental), which could theoretically aid the steps of heuristic evaluation, observation and the self- confrontation interview of the Global Product Assessment Method and the second is the definition of subject presented by Rabardel. It was observed that there are no divergent aspects between theory and method. It is believed that the Instrumental Action Theory of Pierre Rabardel can contribute to the Global Product Evaluation Method since Rabardel brings some discussions that can be enriching to the Method, enabling a more in-depth analysis in relation to the usability evaluation of the products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Payerl, Linda. "Med kroppen som arbetsredskap : - en enkätstudie om muskelspänningar och belastningsskador bland tvärflöjtlärare på Sveriges kommunala musik- och kulturskolor." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för konstnärliga studier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44444.

Full text

Abstract:

Denna studies syfte är att kartlägga förekomsten av fysiska besvär hos tvärflöjtlärare på Sveriges kommunala musik- och kulturskolor samt deras kunskap om, användning av och undervisning om ergonomi och förebyggande av skador. De frågeställningar som tas upp i arbetet är hur vanligt förekommande det är med fysiska besvär bland tvärflöjtlärare, huruvida de har fått adekvat ergonomikunskap för den profession de utövar, om de arbetar med förebyggande åtgärder mot fysiska besvär och i vilken utsträckning de inkluderar ergonomi i sin undervisning. Studien är en kvantitativ surveyundersökning och den genomfördes i form av en webb-enkät. Resultatet visar att 49 % av de tillfrågade tvärflöjtlärarna lider av fysiska besvär som de kopplar till tvärflöjtspelet. Besvären sitter framförallt i axlar, nacke/hals och rygg. 60 % av tvärflöjtlärarna arbetar med förebyggande åtgärder mot fysiska besvär, varav de vanligaste vardagliga åtgärderna handlar om att ta regelbundna pauser under tvärflöjtspelet och att regelbundet utöva någon fysisk träningsform. De vanligaste ergonomiska momenten som lärare tar upp med sina elever är övningsrutiner, kropps- och instrumenthållning, stretch- och avslappningsövningar samt vikten av fysisk träning. Resultatet visar även att många tvärflöjtlärare skulle vilja eller behöva bättre kunskaper om ergonomi eftersom musikutbildningar generellt förbereder musiker dåligt på de kroppsliga utmaningar som yrkeslivet innebär. I slutdiskussionen poängteras även att sjukvården behöver få bättre kunskap om musikerskador för att dessa ska kunna förhindras och botas, och att musiklärares arbetsvillkor måste uppmärksammas för att antalet skador ska kunna minimeras.
The purpose of this study is to map the occurrence of physical ailments among flute teachers in Swedish community schools of music and art, as well as their knowledge of, their use of and their teaching in ergonomics and injury prevention. The questions raised are how commonly occurring physical ailments are among flute teachers, whether or not they have received adequate knowledge in ergonomics for the profession they practice, if they work with preventive measures against physical ailments and to what extent they include ergonomics in their teaching. The study is a quantitative survey in the form of a web questionnaire. The results show that 49 % of the surveyed flute teachers suffer from physical ailments, which they connect to flute playing. The problems are mainly located in the shoulders, the neck and the back. 60 % of the flute teachers work with preventive measures against physical ailments, of which the most common everyday actions are regular breaks during flute practice and physical exercise on a regular basis. The most common ergonomic factors that teachers communicate to their pupils are practice routines, body posture, instrumental grip, stretching and relaxation exercises and the importance of physical training. The results also show that many flute teachers would want or need better knowledge of ergonomics, because music education generally prepares musicians poorly for the physical challenges of the professional life. In the concluding discussion is emphasized that healthcare needs to be better informed of musicians’ injuries for these to be prevented and cured, and music teachers’ working conditions require attention to minimize the number of injuries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Bianchini, Glauco Fabrício. "Análise Ergônomica do Trabalho na Execução de Estruturas e Vedações em Obras de Light Steel Frame." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7306.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T12:24:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGFB.pdf: 4714978 bytes, checksum: 418d994bec2ad1909fecea7a13c3a3bf (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T12:31:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGFB.pdf: 4714978 bytes, checksum: 418d994bec2ad1909fecea7a13c3a3bf (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T12:31:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGFB.pdf: 4714978 bytes, checksum: 418d994bec2ad1909fecea7a13c3a3bf (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T12:32:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGFB.pdf: 4714978 bytes, checksum: 418d994bec2ad1909fecea7a13c3a3bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-18
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Prefabricated building systems in Light Steel Frame - LSF are widely used in developed countries like England, Japan and USA. As constructive process, the LSF shows a progress compared to the traditional system is characterized by being an industrial building, rationalized with high productivity and require one skilled labor. The ergonomic point of view, such a system offers significant improvements in employees' working conditions and despite these improvements are significant, we can still identify ergonomic problems related to the activities of workers. In this context, this work aims, through ergonomic work analysis - AET, to survey the critical activities performed during the construction process and a diagnosis of the situations encountered on site. This research is exploratory to be keen to discover and observe phenomena, trying to describe them, classify them and interpret them and their driving was used as a research method, the case study. To capture the data, makes use of ergonomic analysis of manual work - EWA (Ergonomic Workplace Analysis), METs (The standard metabolic equivalent) and OCRA (Occupational repetitive actions) in which the following items were considered: Load-lifting, accident risk, attention, general physical activity, working postures and movements and repetitiveness of the work. Among the main findings stand out: the high risk of this accident carrying out the work due to organizational process of the company, moderate caloric expenditure in the execution of activities and high IE OCRA present in fixing activities (screwing) the structures and the sealing elements.
Sistemas construtivos pré-fabricados em Light Steel Frame - LSF são amplamente utilizados em países desenvolvidos como Inglaterra, Japão e EUA. Como processo construtivo, o LSF apresenta uma evolução quando comparado com o sistema tradicional, caracteriza-se por ser uma construção industrializada, racionalizada, com elevada produtividade e por demandar uma mão de obra capacitada. Do ponto de vista ergonômico, esse sistema apresenta melhoras significativas nas condições de trabalho dos trabalhadores e, apesar dessas melhoras serem significativas, ainda podemos identificar problemas ergonômicos relacionados às atividades dos trabalhadores. Dentro desse contexto, esse trabalho busca, por meio da análise ergonômica do trabalho – AET, realizar um levantamento das atividades críticas desenvolvidas durante o processo construtivo e realizar um diagnóstico das situações encontradas em obras. Essa pesquisa tem caráter exploratório por estar interessada em descobrir e observar fenômenos, procurando descrevê-los, classificá-los e interpretá-los e na sua condução utilizou-se como método de pesquisa o estudo de caso. Para a captura dos dados, fez-se uso de três instrumentos ergonômicos: manual de análise ergonômica do local de trabalho – EWA (Ergonomic Workplace Analysis), MET's (The Standard Metabolic Equivalent) e do OCRA (Occupational repetitive actions). Foram considerados os seguintes itens para avaliação: elevação de carga, riscos de acidente, atenção, atividade física geral, posturas de trabalho e movimentos e repetitividade do trabalho. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, destacam-se: o elevado risco de acidente presente na execução da obra, devido ao processo organizacional da empresa, gasto calórico moderado na execução das atividades e elevado IE OCRA presente nas atividades de fixação (parafusamento) das estruturas e dos elementos de vedação.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Garcia, Luciane Tomasi Dalmolin. "Análise cinético-funcional comparativa no procedimento de exodontia via fórceps convencional (utilizando empunhadura reversa) e ergofórceps." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/743.

Full text

Abstract:

A ergonomia aplicada à atividade odontológica visa racionalizar os procedimentos, evitando fadigas e desgastes desnecessários aos profissionais, ao mesmo tempo em que oferece segurança e conforto ao paciente. A exodontia, dentre os diversos procedimentos cirúrgicos, é considerada aquele que ocasiona maior desgaste e fadiga ao cirurgião-dentista. Visando minimizar essas dificuldades, Pece e Naressi (1995) desenvolveram uma sistemática exodôntica diferenciada/ergonômica e respectivo instrumento, um fórceps (Ergofórceps). Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar cinético-funcionalmente a atividade de exodontia quando realizada com fórceps convencional e com fórceps ergonômico. Para esta pesquisa, vinte voluntários do curso de odontologia da Universidade Federal do Paraná foram analisados durante a realização da atividade de exodontia via alveolar. Imagens fotográficas e filmagens serviram de base na aplicação das ferramentas ergonômicas RULA e Moore Garg (Strain Índex), além da aplicação de um questionário aos participantes. Estas ferramentas foram selecionadas por terem sido consideradas as mais adequadas para avaliar, de forma específica, os esforços realizados nos membros superiores. A empunhadura utilizada com o fórceps convencional foi a reversa, que apresenta vantagens biomecânicas sobre a tradicional. Os resultados obtidos com o método RULA com os voluntários que utilizaram o fórceps foram: 70% escore 5 (risco moderado) e 30% escore 6 (risco moderado). Já os voluntários que utilizaram o Ergofórceps foram: 70% escore 4 (baixo risco) e 30% escore 3 (baixo risco). Com o método Moore Garg as pontuações para os voluntários que utilizaram o fórceps foram: 30% escore foi 3 (duvidoso) e 70% escore 4,5 (duvidoso). Já os voluntários que utilizaram o Ergofórceps as pontuações foram: 90% o escore foi 1 (baixo risco) e em 10% foi 2 (baixo risco). Os resultados sugerem que o risco do desenvolvimento de lesões ocupacionais em dentistas é menor quando o profissional utiliza o Ergofórceps.
Ergonomics applied to the dental activity aims to rationalize the procedures, avoiding unnecessary fatigue to the professional, while still offering safety and comfort to the patient. The extraction, among the several surgical procedures, is considered to cause increased wear and fatigue. To minimize these difficulties, Pece and Naressi (1995) developed a systematic and differentiated extraction technique and the corresponding instrument, a forceps named Ergoforceps. This study aims to compare kinetically and functionally the activity of extraction with the conventional forceps and the ergonomic forceps. For this research, twenty volunteers from the dentistry course of UFPR were analyzed during the activity of alveolar extraction. Photographic images and footage formed the basis for the application of RULA and MOORE GARG (Strain Index) tools. A questionnaire was also applied to the volunteers. These ergonomic analysis tools were selected since they were considered the most suitable to assess the effort made by the upper limbs. The grip used with the conventional forceps was the reverse, which has biomechanical advantages over the traditional. The results obtained with the RULA method for the extraction forceps were: 70% score 5 (moderate risk) and 30% score 6 (moderate risk). In contrast, when the Ergoforceps was used: 70% score 4 (low risk) and 30% score 3 (low risk). With the Moore Garg tool, the score of the volunteers when using the extraction forceps were: 30% score 3 (doubtful) and 70% score 4.5 (doubtful). In contrast, when the Ergofórceps was used the score was: 90% score 1 (low risk) and 10% score 2 (low risk). The results suggest that systematic extraction undergone with the Ergoforceps has ergonomic advantages and reduces the risk of developing occupational injuries among dentists.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Naressi, Wilson Galvão. "Concepção morfológica de fórceps, para intervenção no paciente em posição supina e o operador sentado /." São José dos Campos, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/114089.

Full text

Abstract:

Banca: Antenor Araújo
Banca: Nemre Adas Saliba
Banca: Jaime Renato Furquim de Castro
Banca: Renato Luis Ference
Banca: Roberto Antonio Nicodemo
Resumo: A Ergonomia, ciência da racionalização do trabalho, busca o total entrosamento do homem e seus instrumentos de trabalho. Em Odontologia, a Ergonomia se faz presente no ato do profissional trabalhar corretamente sentado, em situação de conforto funcional, intervindo em paciente na posição supina, contando com equipamento e instrumental adequadamente concebidos. Atualmente, o equipamento odontológico está devidamente racionalizado; no entanto, determinados instrumentos necessitam ser redesenhados, para melhor se ajustarem àqueles requisitos. O projeto de um instrumento manual deve permitir manejo cômodo, firme e seguro. Devem-se considerar detalhes anatômicos, posição correta do operador quando da intervenção e características específicos de utilização. O instrumento ora em análise - fórceps para molares inferiores - foi concebido dentro desses requisitos, em conjunto com novo sistemática de exodontia via alveolar, consubstanciada em estudos eletromiográficos e biomecânicos. A morfologia do instrumento, que possibilita cinético simples e natural do operador, foi obtida por mudança no paradigma dos instrumentos de ação cruzado convencionais (cuja apreensão ocorre sobre as hastes), desvinculando-se o "cabo" do "braço da hoste". Isto induziu a concepção anatômica de empunhaduras perpendiculares às extremidades das hastes, resultando em instrumento eficiente e eficaz, conforme indicado em sua fase de experimentação
Abstract: Ergonomics, the science of working rationalization, seeks the best relationship between man and his working tools. In Dentistry, ergonomics is present as for the professional working correctly seated, in functional comfort, intervening of supine position patient, by means of suitable equipment and instrument. Nowadays, dental equipment is justly rationalized; however, some instruments should take shape, in order to adapt those requirements. The hand tool design should permit a comfortable, non-slip and safe handling. Thus, anatomical details, the correct position of the operator for its use and specific characteristics of application should be taken into account. The instrument under analysis - forceps - was conceived according to these requirements along with a new alveolar tooth extraction technique, based on electromyographic and biomechanical studies. The morphology of the instrument, which makes possible a simple and natural kinetics of the operator, was obtained by changing the paradigm of the conventional cross-action instruments (whose grip is always on the arms of the tool), divesting the "handle" from the "tool arm". This induced on anatomical conceiving of perpendicular handles to the extremity of the tool arm, resulting an efficient and effective instrument, according to indicated on its experimental phase

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Silva, Rosenilda da Costa, and 92-988155529. "Ginástica laboral - um instrumento de melhoria ergonômica e do bem-estar da saúde dos colaboradores do Polo Industrial de Manaus." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/6070.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T14:50:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Rosenilda Silva.pdf: 1798162 bytes, checksum: 609b15db89c3be771ce2851b72e40989 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-12-22T14:50:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Rosenilda Silva.pdf: 1798162 bytes, checksum: 609b15db89c3be771ce2851b72e40989 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-22T14:50:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação_Rosenilda Silva.pdf: 1798162 bytes, checksum: 609b15db89c3be771ce2851b72e40989 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15
CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Several factors such as: illness, lack of attendance, osteomioarticular diseases and their relations with work have been the focus of several studies, since they represent a reality that generates high costs mainly for the companies. In this study, the effects of a physical activity program as an instrument for improving physical well-being in the eyes of the workers of the Industrial Pole of Manaus (PIM) were evidenced. For this, a descriptive qualitative research was carried out by means of a semistructured electronic questionnaire of explanatory character, in which a macroanalysis of the reality related to the self-perception of the physical state of the workers of the Industrial Pole of Manaus was sought. The convenience sample was composed of 140 PIM workers who were willing to answer the electronic questionnaire with closed questions. The results indicated a high level of myoarticular discomfort among the employees surveyed, with attention to some areas that show signs of discomfort due to daily work: the back region presents 44.20% discomfort, legs and feet with 38.5% %, Lumbar 41.3% and shoulders 48.23%. Regarding job satisfaction, workers who practice work gymnastics have a positive perception regarding the improvement of quality of life at work. Concerning the willingness to work, the research demonstrated that workforce participation contributes 77% to increase employee satisfaction, improving the 69.9% working life, as well as its performance within the organization, resulting in In 62% of productivity improvement. The conclusion of this study points to the search for better alternatives to keep the work environment healthier and more productive. Therefore, physical activity is an important tool for improving the well-being of workers in PIM companies. It is important to emphasize that the present dissertation will not revert all the problematic of the work environment, however it can help the health professionals in the formulation of measures that help in the improvement of the quality of life inside and outside the work environment.
Vários fatores como: adoecimento, a falta de assiduidade, doenças osteomioarticulares e suas relações com o trabalho têm sido foco de diversos estudos, pois representam uma realidade que geram altos custos principalmente para as empresas. Para isso, neste estudo evidenciaram-se os efeitos de um programa de atividade física como instrumento de melhoria do bem-estar físico na visão dos trabalhadores do Polo Industrial de Manaus (PIM). Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva por meio de um questionário eletrônico semiestruturado de caráter explicativo, onde buscou-se apurar uma macroanálise da realidade relacionada à auto percepção do estado físico dos operários do PIM. A amostra adotada por conveniência, composta por 140 trabalhadores do PIM que se dispuseram a responder o questionário eletrônico com perguntas fechadas. Os resultados indicaram alto nível de desconforto mioarticular dos funcionários pesquisados, com atenção para algumas áreas que apresentam sinais de desconforto, por conta da execução diária de trabalho: a região das costas apresentam 44,20% de desconforto, pernas e pés com 38,5%, lombar 41,3% e ombros 48,23%. Quanto à satisfação no trabalho, os trabalhadores que praticam a ginástica laboral têm uma percepção positiva no que tange à melhoria qualidade de vida no trabalho. Quanto à disposição para o trabalho, a pesquisa demonstrou que ginástica laboral colabora em 77% para o aumento da satisfação dos funcionários da empresa, melhorando em 69,9% a disposição de vida no trabalho, bem como o seu desempenho dentro da organização, resultando em 62% da melhoria da produtividade. A conclusão deste estudo aponta para a busca de melhores alternativas para manter o ambiente laboral mais saudável e produtivo. Portanto, a atividade física é uma importante ferramenta para a melhoria do bem-estar dos trabalhadores das empresas do PIM. É importante salientar que o presente trabalho dissertativo não reverterá todas as problemáticas do ambiente laboral, no entanto poderá auxiliar os profissionais da área de saúde na formulação de medidas que auxiliem na melhoria da qualidade de vida dentro e fora do ambiente laboral.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Westhoff, Oneida Dugarte. "Development of an instrumented mannequin for training of caregivers in safe patient handling and movement." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000236.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Fisch, Christian, Marcus Larsson, and Tobias Hansson. "Utvecklandet av nästa generations DIM (Drivers Information Module)." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap och medieteknik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1478.

Full text

Abstract:

This Bachelor?s Thesis concerns 20 points at the MDA educational program (People, Computers and Work) at Blekinge Institute of Technology in Ronneby. The MDA educational program focuses on how people use Information Technology and its design and development. Volvo Car Corporation is looking at the future possibilities of their development of their Drivers Information Module, DIM . Today all their instruments are analogical and as time go by, new features are added in the car. This overflow of instruments and information is more likely to confuse the driver than to assist him. Instead Volvo wants to focus on showing only the relevant information for the driver. So Volvo is designing a new Drivers Information Module, which works like a computer monitor. This gives a new perspective on how to show information for the driver. Our goal in this project is to give ideas on how the information can be displayed in this new version of the DIM and in what situations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Filippi, Pierre Alain. "Les ressources psychosociales comme instruments de reprise du pouvoir d'agir : le cas de formateurs d'enseignants en ESPE confrontés à un nouveau dispositif de formation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200312_FILIPPI_515sad23tdhkw260r257chwp_TH.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Comment les formateurs d’enseignants réussissent-ils à faire face aux réformes ? Pour répondre, nous avons conçu une intervention-recherche (IR) avec une approche ergonomique de l’activité en soutien d’une demande de formateurs, qui, face à une troisième réforme en moins de dix ans, se questionnent sur la mise en œuvre d’un nouveau dispositif de formation destiné à opérationnaliser l’alternance. Cette IR est conçue avec une triple visée, exploratoire puis transformative et épistémique. Nous avons d’abord procédé à un diagnostic exploratoire pour ensuite contribuer à provoquer et accompagner un processus de développement de l’activité professionnelle auprès de formateurs engagés dans l’IR. Nos principaux résultats montrent que, pour travailler, face à ces changements à marche forcée, sans accompagnement institutionnel, ni création d’espaces d’échanges collectifs, les formateurs recyclent d’anciennes manières de faire et de penser la formation. Par la suite, le milieu généré par l’IR va permettre l’élaboration d’un collectif de travail capable de mobiliser des ressources psychosociales au service de l’élaboration de nouveaux buts permettant une reprise du pouvoir d’agir de chacun et la réélaboration de règles de métiers. A l’issue de cette recherche, nous soutenons qu’un autre mode de réforme est à envisager en mobilisant l’expertise et l’expérience des formateurs. Nous pensons qu’en utilisant les méthodes et les outils de l’analyse du travail réel, au sein d’espaces collectifs de travail, peut s’engager une réélaboration collective des prescriptions de la réforme dont l’intention n’est plus la rupture mais la transformation efficiente de l’existant par son amélioration
How do teacher trainers cope with reforms? To answer this question, we designed an intervention-research (IR) with an ergonomic approach to the activity in support of a demand from trainers who, faced with a third reform in less than ten years, are questioning the implementation of a new training scheme designed to operationalise work-linked training. This IR is designed with a threefold aim: exploratory, then transformative and epistemic. We first carried out an exploratory diagnosis and then helped to initiate and support a process of development of professional activity with trainers involved in IR. Our main results show that, in order to work with these forced changes, without institutional support or the creation of spaces for collective exchange, trainers recycle old ways of doing and thinking about training. Subsequently, the environment generated by the IR will allow the development of a working collective capable of mobilising psychosocial resources to develop new goals that will enable each individual to regain the power to act and to re-develop the rules of the trade. At the end of this research, we maintain that another mode of reform should be suggested by mobilising the expertise and experience of trainers. We believe that by using the methods and tools of analysis of real work, within collective work spaces, a collective reworking of the prescriptions of the reform can be undertaken, the intention of which is no longer the rupture but the efficient transformation of what already exists through its improvement

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ducros, Célia. "Travail des chefs d’établissement et pilotage des équipes pédagogiques : analyse de l’activité de chefs d’établissement en collège réseau ambition réussite en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3034.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse propose d'étudier les instruments du chef d'établissement dans un contexte d'évolution des politiques éducatives et de la nature de sa fonction, managérialisée. En réseaux ambition réussite, les chefs d'établissements se trouvent face à des situations inédites : personnels supplémentaires, co-pilotage des équipes, collectifs nouveaux et hétérogènes à constituer. Nous nous inscrivons dans une perspective historico-culturelle qui considère l'activité individuelle comme une construction sociale portant sur des objets sociaux qui assurent la médiation inter-individuelle. Selon l'approche ergonomique de l'activité, l'activité du chef d'établissement est individuelle mais forcément partagée et médiée par des instruments. Des entretiens répétés de chefs d'établissement ont été analysés et mis en perspective avec les entretiens de divers acteurs scolaires. Les résultats montrent que l'activité du chef d'établissement est empêchée : l'organisation du travail dont il a la charge n'est pas tournée vers la réorganisation du milieu et des rapports sociaux qui s'y inscrivent. D'une part, les instruments utilisés pour agir sur le milieu ne sont pas transformés et la logique verticale de l'établissement domine. En retour, le chef d'établissement perçoit son travail comme inchangé. D'autre part, les instruments utilisés pour agir sur les professeurs ne permettent pas à ces derniers de participer à la réorganisation du milieu. Ils visent à les mobiliser, les faire adhérer, voire leur imposer des manières de faire. En retour, le travail d'organisation des professeurs reste dans l'ombre. Par conséquent, organisation du travail et travail d'organisation ne se rencontrent pas
This thesis studies the tools of headmasters resulting of the evolution of school policies witch made them as managers. Headmasters are facing unprecedented situations with ambition success networks: new staff, co-leading of teams, forming new and heterogeneous groups. Our historic and cultural approach states that individual activity is a social construction based on social objects witch make possible inter-individual mediation. The ergonomic approach to the activity states that the headmaster's activity is individual but necessarily shared and mediated by tools. Repeated interviews of headmasters have been analyzed and put in perspective with the interviews of several other school actors. The results show that the activity of the headmaster is prevented: the organization of work does not contribute to the reorganization of the milieu and of the social relations. On the one hand, the tools used to act on the milieu are not transformed to reorganize the milieu and the school-based rationale prevails. In return, the headmaster sees his work as unchanged. On the other hand, the tools used to act on teachers do not allow them to contribute to the reorganization of the milieu. The tools aim at mobilize them, make them subscribe, gather them or sometimes set them behavior patterns. In return, the work of organization made by teachers remains in obscurity. Consequently, organization of work and work of organization do not meet

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Son, Youjoo. "Assessing Perception and Attitude of Pianists toward Ergonomically Scaled Piano Keyboards (ESPK): Raising Awareness about ESPK and Evaluating Changes of Attitude through an Educational Survey." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248515/.

Full text

Abstract:

As epidemiologic research demonstrates health concerns for hand problems among pianists, scientists are measuring historic piano keyboards and realizing that much of the piano literature was composed for and played on pianos with smaller keys compared to what is used on the modern piano. Having to play this literature on a larger keyboard is especially difficult for small-handed piano students and professionals. Fortunately, smaller keyboards are now available for use with standard pianos - and research shows that this ergonomic adjustment does reduce piano-related hand pain for small-handed musicians. Major universities are now offering this option to students, but only a few music schools possess these keyboards and not many people know about them. There are no known research studies to address people's awareness and attitude toward ergonomically scaled piano keyboards (ESPKs). The purpose of this study was to assess perception and attitude toward ESPKs and help to raise its awareness. To examine pianists' perception, two surveys was composed. First one was conducted on UNT campus in which ESPKs are available for their students, and the second survey was carried out on schools of music in the United States. The results reveal that substantial number of people already know about the existence of ESPKs, but they are not totally aware specific information about ESPKs. Subjects who are aware of ESPKs report significantly higher positive attitude compared to those have not known about ESPKs. Results from this study may have implications for health education initiatives within NASM schools of music.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Yoshimura, Eri. "Risk factors for piano-related pain among college students and piano teachers solutions for reducing pain by using the ergonomically modified keyboard /." Thesis, connect to online resource. Recital, recorded Apr. 14, 2006, in digital collections. Access restricted to the University of North Texas campus, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1469.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Poret, Céline. "Concevoir pour le pouvoir d'agir ensemble d'un collectif transverse : le cas de la relation de service dans le domaine commercial." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080078/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Cette thèse porte sur la compréhension d’un type d’activité collective qui intéresse à la fois l’ergonomie (Motté & Haradji, 2010) et la gestion (Lorino & Peyrolle, 2005 ; Lorino, 2009, 2013). Il s’agit d’une activité collective qui est transverse et transactionnelle ; elle est transverse dans le sens où elle intègre des acteurs de métiers différents, qui appartiennent à différentes entités organisationnelles et elle est transactionnelle dans le sens où elle est tournée vers la réalisation d’une transaction avec le monde : la création de valeur pour un client. Si l’intérêt pour les activités collectives n’est pas nouveau en ergonomie (Pavard, 1994 ; De Terssac & Friedberg, 1996 ; Benchekroun & Weill-Fassina, 2000 ; Jeffroy & al, 2006 ; Caroly & Barcellini, 2013), la spécificité de ce travail repose sur le fait que l’activité collective étudiée se caractérise par une distribution temporelle et spatiale des acteurs qui y prennent part. D’un point de vue empirique, l’objectif de ce travail est double : il consiste à comprendre comment les acteurs d’un collectif transverse et transactionnel coopèrent, c’est à dire à identifier les mécanismes de production d’intelligibilité mutuelle au sein d’un collectif qui ne partage ni une même dimension spatiale, ni une même dimension temporelle. Puis, à partir de la mise en évidence de ces mécanismes de coordination il s’agit d’identifier les facteurs à l’origine d’une complexité ou d’une impossibilité de les mettre en œuvre dans le système technico-organisationnel donné ; par ce double objectif empirique le présent travail vise la mise en évidence des conditions du Pouvoir d’Agir Ensemble effectif des acteurs d’un collectif transverse et transactionnel. Enfin, à ces objectifs empiriques est associé un objectif technologique de conception pour le Pouvoir d’Agir Ensemble des acteurs d’un collectif transverse et transactionnel
This work is about a specific kind of collective activity which concerns both Ergonomics (Motté & Haradji, 2010) and Management Science (Lorino & Peyrolle, 2005 ; Lorino, 2009, 2013). This collective activity is transverse and transactional ; it is transverse because it integrates actors of different jobs, who belong to different organizational units and it is transactional because its objective is the realization of a transaction with the world : the value creation for a customer. If the interest for collective activities is not a new one in Ergonomics (Pavard, 1994 ; De Terssac & Friedberg, 1996 ; Benchekroun & Weill-Fassina, 2000 ; Jeffroy & al, 2006 ; Caroly & Barcellini, 2013), the specificity of this work is that the studied collective activity is characterized by a temporal and spatial distribution of actors participating in this activity. From an empirical perspective the objective of this work is dual : it is about understanding how actors of a transverse and transactional team cooperate, that is understanding the production of mutual intelligibility in a collectif which don’t share a same spatial dimension, nor a same temporal dimension. Then, from the revealing of these coordination mechanisms this work tend to identify factors which complicate or prevent actors to execute it in the given technical and organizationnal system ; with this dual objective th present work tends to the revealing of the conditions of the Power to Act Together of actors from a transverse and transactional team. At last, a technological objective is combined to these empirical objectives in order to design for the Power to Act Together in a transverse and transactional team

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lahoual, Dounia. "Conceptualiser les activités constructives et le développement du sujet capable : le cas de la médiation à l'art orientée jeune public dans un musée d'art moderne et contemporain." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080098.

Full text

Abstract:

Au coeur des problématiques culturelles récentes, les institutions muséales portent un projet de démocratisation culturelle visant la mise en accessibilité de l’art et de l’environnement muséal à une diversité de publics. Appuyée par la loi française de 2002 relative aux musées, ce projet est d'autant plus accentué à destination des enfants et des adolescents avec la mise en place d'une médiation culturelle et d'une diversité d'offres muséales spécifiques. Considéré comme le visiteur de demain, ce jeune public cristallise un ensemble d'attentes et de questionnements auprès des institutions culturelles en termes de connaissance du public, et de leviers pour la fréquentation, la fidélisation de ces espaces et l’accessibilité à l’art. Ces lieux de médiation culturelle représentent une opportunité pour suivre le parcours des visiteurs et comprendre les diverses dynamiques subjectives à l'oeuvre à travers diverses configurations tout en mobilisant le prisme de l'ergonomie : des rencontres avec les oeuvres en situation de visite d'une part, et des activités de création plastiques et narratives en situation d'atelier d'autre part. L'analyse de l'activité dans ces situations constituera une portée d'entrée privilégiée pour explorer et alimenter notre compréhension des traces des activités constructives et du développement afin de les conceptualiser. Ces contributions empiriques et épistémiques permettront de concevoir un ensemble de ressources et d'offres de médiation culturelle adaptées aux activités du jeune public et aux professionnels de la médiation
At the heart of recent cultural issues, museum institutions implement a cultural democratization project promoting art and museum spaces accessibility to a diversity of audiences. Based on France’s law on museums from 2002, this project is focusing on children and teenagers thanks to the creation of cultural mediation and specific museum offers. Regarded as the visitor of tomorrow, this young audience generates to museums a set of expectations and questionings regarding visitor knowledge, tools for increasing attendance, loyalty and art accessibility. These cultural mediation spaces become an opportunity for tracking visitors' journey and understanding intrinsic points of views. We will study various situations throughout the prism of Ergonomics by highlighting encounters with works of art during a guided tour on one hand, plastic and narratives creation during workshops on the other hand. Activity analysis will be an effective way for exploring and improving our understanding of traces of constructive activities and development in order to conceptualize them. These empirical and theoretical contributions will help developing appropriate resources of cultural mediation offers to young audiences and mediation professionals

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

"The Relationship Between Learning Persistence and Equipment Design Through the Lens of Expectancy-Value Theory." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38777.

Full text

Abstract:

abstract: Learners' attitudes and beliefs during the initial stages of learning have a profound impact on their future decisions, practice habits, and persistence. In music education, however, surprisingly little research has explored how physical equipment design might influence novices' attitudes and beliefs. The current study addresses this gap by examining how novices' motivation and perception differ based on the physical design of the musical instrument they interact with while learning. Fifty-two adult participants completed an online survey measuring their expectancies (e.g., confidence), value beliefs (e.g., enjoyment, interest, and social merit), and anticipated persistence while attempting to learn the electric guitar. Afterward, participants attempted to learn and perform several beginner-level tasks while using a conventionally designed or ergonomically designed guitar. The conventionally designed guitar was a commercially available model marketed toward beginner and intermediate-level guitarists. In contrast, the ergonomic guitar was a custom model based on expert design recommendations to improve ease of use, comfort, and user experience. Participant learning expectations and values were assessed before and after a one-hour practice session. Results revealed that novices who used the ergonomic guitar reported significant gains in anticipated learning enjoyment. Alternatively, novices who used the conventional guitar exhibited no such change. Beyond this relationship however, the ergonomic guitar was not found to meaningfully affect participants' confidence, interest, physical discomfort, and task difficulty perceptions. Additionally, the ergonomic guitar did not have a statistically significant influence on learning persistence ratings. One important implication extracted from this study is that a single practice session may not provide enough time or experience to affect a novices' attitudes and beliefs toward learning. Future studies may seek to remedy this study limitation by using a longitudinal design or longer practice task trials. Despite this limitation however, this exploratory study highlights the need for researchers, music educators, and instrument manufacturers to carefully consider how the physical design of a musical instrument may impact learning attitudes, choices, and persistence over time. Additionally, this study offers the first attempt at extending the equipment design literature to music education and Expectancy-Value Theory.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Applied Psychology 2016

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ergonomic instruments'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles