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Wanamaker, Eileen B. "Mechanisms of Fluconazole Resistance in Candida parapsilosis Clinical Isolates." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367934848.
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Steyaert, Johanna M. "Studies on the regulation of conidiation in species of Trichoderma." Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/544.
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A characteristic feature of species of Trichoderma is the production of concentric rings of conidia in response to alternating light-dark conditions. In response to a single burst of light, a single ring of conidia forms at what was the colony perimeter. On the basis of these observations, competency to photoconidiate has been proposed to be due to the age and metabolic rate of the hyphal cell. In this study, conidiation was investigated in five biocontrol isolates (T. hamatum, T. atroviride, T. asperellum, T. virens and T. harzianum) using both a morphological and molecular approach. All five isolates produced concentric conidial rings under alternating light-dark conditions on potato-dextrose agar (PDA), however, in response to a 15 min burst of blue light, only T. asperellum and T. virens produced a clearly, defined conidial ring which correlated with the colony margin at the time of light exposure. Both T. harzianum and T. hamatum photoconidiated in a disk-like fashion and T. atroviride produced a broken ring with a partially filled in appearance. On the basis of these results, it was postulated that competency to photoconidiate is a factor of the metabolic state of the hyphal cell rather than chronological age or metabolic rate. The influence of the source of nitrogen on photoconidiation was assessed on pH-buffered (pH 5.4) minimal medium (MM) amended with glutamine, urea or KNO₃. In the presence of glutamine or urea, T. asperellum and T. harzianum conidiated in a disk, whereas, when KNO₃ was the sole nitrogen source, a ring of conidia was produced. Further, in the presence of increasing amounts of glutamine, the clearly defined photoconidial ring produced on PDA by T. asperellum became disk-like. These results clearly demonstrated that primary nitrogen promotes photoconidiation in these isolates and strongly suggests that competency of a hyphal cell to conidiate in response to light is dependent on the nitrogen catabolite repression state of the cell. The experiments were repeated for all five isolates on unbuffered MM. Differences were apparent between the buffered and unbuffered experiments for T. atroviride. No photoconidiation was observed in T. atroviride on buffered medium whereas on unbuffered medium, rings of conidia were produced on both primary and secondary nitrogen. These results show that photoconidiation in T. atroviride is influenced by the buffering capacity of the medium. Conidiation in response to light by T. hamatum and T. virens was absent in all nitrogen experiments, regardless of the nitrogen source and buffering capacity, whereas both isolates conidiated in response to light on PDA. These results imply that either both sources of nitrogen are required for photoconidiation, or a factor essential for conidiation in these two isolates was absent in the minimal medium. Mycelial injury was also investigated in five biocontrol isolates of Trichoderma. On PDA, all isolates except T. hamatum conidiated in response to injury. On nitrogen amended MM, conidiation in response to injury was again observed in all isolates except for T. hamatum. In T. atroviride, injury-induced conidiation was observed on all medium combinations except the pH-buffered MM amended with glutamine or urea and T. virens conidiated in response to injury on primary nitrogen only, regardless of the buffering capacity. These results have revealed conidiation in response to injury to be differentially regulated between isolates/species of Trichoderma. On unbuffered MM amended with glutamine or urea, conidiation in response to injury occurred at the colony perimeter only in T. atroviride. It was hypothesised that the restriction of conidiation to the perimeter may be due to changes in the pH of the agar. The experiment was repeated and the pH values of the agar under the growing colony measured at the time of light induction (48 h) or injury (72 h). The areas under the hyphal fronts were acidified to below the starting value of the medium (pH 5.4) and the centres of the plates were alkalinised. The region of acidification at the time of stimuli correlated with the production of conidia, which implicates a role for crossregulation of conidiation by the ambient pH. The influence of the ambient pH on injury-induced conidiation was investigated in T. hamatum and T. atroviride on MM amended with glutamine and PDA, pH-buffered from pH 2.8 to 5.6. Thickening of the hyphae around the injury site was observed at the lowest pH values on MM in both T. atroviride and T. hamatum, however no conidia were produced, whereas both Trichoderma species conidiated on pH-buffered PDA in a strictly low pH-dependent fashion. This is the first observation of injury-induced conidiation in T. hamatum. The influence of the ambient pH on photoconidiation was assessed in T. hamatum, T. atroviride and T. harzianum using both buffered and unbuffered PDA from pH 2.8 to 5.2. On buffered PDA, no conidiation in response to light was observed above pH 3.2 in T. hamatum, above 4.0 in T. atroviride and above 4.4 in T. harzianum, whereas on unbuffered PDA it occurred at all pH values tested. It was postulated that conidiation at pH values above 4.4 on unbuffered PDA was due to acidification of the agar. The pH values of the agar under the growing colony were measured at the time of light exposure and in contrast to the MM with glutamine experiments, alkalisation of the agar had occurred in both T. atroviride and T. hamatum. No change in medium pH was recorded under the growing T. harzianum colony. These results indicate that low pH-dependence of photoconidiation is directly related to the buffering capacity of the medium. Recent studies have linked regulation of conidiation in T. harzianum to Pac1, the PacC orthologue. In fungi, PacC regulates gene expression in response to the ambient pH. In these studies pH-dependent photoconidiation occurred only on buffered PDA and on unbuffered PDA conidiation occurred at significantly higher ambient pH levels. It is proposed that the influence of ambient pH on conidiation in the isolates used in this study is not due to direct Pac1 regulation. The T. harzianum isolate used in this study produced profuse amounts of the yellow anthraquinone pachybasin. Production of this secondary metabolite was strictly pH-dependent, irrespective of the buffering capacity of the medium. Studies in T. harzianum have linked Pac1 regulation to production of an antifungal α-pyrone. pH-dependence on both buffered and unbuffered media strongly suggests that pachybasin production may also be under the control of Pac1. Photoconidiation studies on broth-soaked filter paper, revealed rhythmic conidiation in the pachybasin producing T. harzianum isolate. Diffuse rings of conidia were produced in dark-grown cultures and, in cultures exposed to light for 15 min at 48 h, the rings were clearly defined. These results show that conidiation is under the control of an endogenous rhythm in T. harzianum and represent the first report of circadian conidiation in a wild-type Trichoderma. A Free-Running Rhythm (FRR) assay was used to investigate rhythmic gene expression in T. atroviride IMI206040 and a mutant derivative, in which the wc-2 orthologue, blr-2, was disrupted. Over a 3 d period, expression of gpd, which encodes the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, oscillated with a period of about 48 h. In the Δblr-2 mutant, the gpd rhythm was absent. These results revealed that in T. atroviride, gpd expression is under the control of an endogenous clock and that clock-regulated expression of gpd is associated with a functional BLR complex. Using degenerate primers, a portion of frq, which encodes the N. crassa clock oscillator FREQUENCY, was isolated from T. atroviride and used to probe the FRR assay northern blots. No frq expression was detected at any time point, which suggests that the circadian clock in Trichoderma does not involve FREQUENCY. In a concurrent study, orthologues of rco-1 (rcoT) were isolated and sequenced from T. atroviride and T. hamatum using a combination of degenerate, inverse and specific PCR. RcoT is an orthologue of the yeast global co-repressor Tup1 and in the filamentous fungi, RcoT orthologues have been demonstrated to negatively regulate conidiation. Genomic analysis of all available rcoT orthologues revealed the conservation of erg3, a major ergosterol biosynthesis gene, upstream from rcoT in ascomycetous filamentous fungi, but not in the ascomycetous yeast or in the basidiomycetes. These studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of the regulatory factors controlling conidiation in Trichoderma and have multiple implications for Trichoderma biocontrol; most notable the promotion of conidiation by primary nitrogen and low pH. Incubation conditions can be altered to suit the nitrogen and pH preferences of a biocontrol strain in order to promote cost effective conidial production, however this is not easily achieved in the soil, where the biocontrol strain must perform in a highly buffered environment optimised for plant growth. Successful use of Trichoderma biocontrol strains may involve the screening and targeting of strains to the appropriate pH conditions or the selection of new strains on the basis of capacity to perform under a given range of conditions.
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Morandini, Marcelo. "Ergo-Monitor." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/85885.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T00:44:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 199593.pdf: 2481023 bytes, checksum: 746cc8b45a0807f68dea4ee3c98b24b7 (MD5)
Os projetistas de web sites são continuamente confrontados com um desafio: tornar seus web sites atraentes aos usuários e garantir que estes sejam capazes de realizar suas interações de maneira fácil, eficiente e agradável. Em muitos casos, a rentabilidade financeira das empresas que utilizam a internet como um meio de difusão, ou até mesmo de comércio, de seus produtos está fortemente dependente da qualidade das interfaces humano-computador desenvolvidas. Nesse contexto, uma técnica de avaliação da usabilidade de web sites tem um importante papel, que é o de fornecer aos avaliadores as melhores definições para que estes sejam capazes de influir no ciclo de desenvolvimento da usabilidade dos produtos avaliados. Este trabalho propõe a definição e implementação de um protótipo para um Sistema de Monitoramento (batizado por Ergo-Monitor) para a coleta de informações que possam nortear a elaboração de laudos quantitativos acerca da usabilidade de web sites (com ênfase em sistemas de comércio eletrônico). O ambiente Ergo-Monitor baseia-se na coleta de dados diretamente das interações dos usuários que se encontram armazenados nos server log files. Após essa coleta, as ferramentas do ambiente fazem o tratamento desses dados produzindo taxas e métricas de usabilidade que devem ser, na seqüência, confrontadas pelo avaliador com valores característicos de boas e más interações para web sites que estejam na mesma categoria do web site sendo avaliado. O ambiente Ergo-Monitor apóia uma interação produtiva entre laudos quantitativos e qualitativos de avaliação de usabilidade de web sites e os laudos quantitativos produzidos pelo Ergo-Monitor podem vir a confirmar diagnósticos qualitativos elaborados previamente, ou vir a suscitar novas avaliações qualitativas da usabilidade dos web sites monitorados. Acima de tudo, o Ergo-Monitor está sendo proposto como um ambiente de avaliação "invisível" aos usuários e cujos tratamentos dos dados coletados sejam feitos de forma objetiva, automática e econômica. Assim, seus resultados não são influenciados por ruídos nas observações, como a presença de avaliadores e equipamentos, os usuários não se sentem eles mesmos o foco da avaliação e os custos de uma avaliação in loco e a posteriori podem ser minimizados.
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Matuliauskas, Andrius. "Blogito ergo sum." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20090908_193950-10814.
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Magistro darbo objektas – Interneto dienoraštis kaip unikalus komunikacijos būdas. Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti komunikacijos būdus ir priemones, kurie yra reikšmingi nagrinėjant interneto dienoraščio sampratą. Įvairios komunikacijos technologijos yra tapusios neatsiejama žmogaus gyvenimo dalimi. Jas žmonės naudoja dažnai net nesusimąstydami kaip tai pakeičia natūralią jų būklę ir kokią įtaką tai daro kasdieniam gyvenimui. Šiame darbe nagrinėjami pagrindiniai žmogiškosios komunikacijos būdai kultūroje, apžvelgiama komunikacijos technologijų raida ir jų vaidmuo socialiniame gyvenime, galop nagrinėjama viena naujausių komunikacijos technologijų – internetas, žmonėms pasiūlęs beprecedentes sąveikos galimybes. Viena iš naujausių interneto galimybių yra interneto dienoraštis, dar kitaip vadinamas blogu. Tai istoriškai susiklostęs žmogaus sąveikos būdas, sujungiantis ankstesnes sąveikos tradicijas ir siūlantis naujas galimybes savęs pateikimui ir savęs kūrimui. Šiame darbe nagrinėjama, kokį poveikį interneto dienoraštis turi žmogui šių laikų situacijoje, kokios yra interneto dienoraščio kaip sąveikos būdo savybės, bei kokius poreikius ir kaip žmogus realizuoja naudodamasis interneto dienoraščiu. Šiame darbe taip pat siūloma tam tikrą interpretacinė schema, pagal kurią interneto dienoraštį būtų galima suvokti kitų komunikacijos įrankių ir būdų kontekste. Taip pat pateikiamas interneto dienoraščio kaip istoriškai susiklosčiusio komunikacijos būdo apibrėžimas turinio ir formos aspektu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The main theme of the thesis – Blog (or internet diary) as the unique way of human communication. The main objective is to analyze various means and ways of communication, which are of significance in respect to analyzing the nature of blog. Various communication technologies have become an irreplaceable part of human life. Human usually use them without even having a thought how these means change their natural way of being and what influence they have on one’s daily life. In the thesis the main manners of human communication in the culture are analyzed, the development of communication technologies and their role in the society is described, lastly, one of the newest technologies – the internet having offered unprecedented capabilities for people to interact, is approached. One of the newest scopes of the internet is the blog. It is historically evolved mean of communication, integrating previous traditions of interaction and enabling new means for self-presentation and self-creation. In this work the influence of the blog to human is analyzed, what are the aspects of the blog as the mean of interaction, and what kind of needs and want one is able to realize using the blog. In this work particular interpretational scheme is presented, according to which the blog might find its place among other means and ways of communication. Also the definition of the blog as the particular mean of interaction is provided in terms of form and content. In the research analysis motives and... [to full text]
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Tams, Christian Jakob. "Enforcing obligations Erga Omnes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616053.
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Hammerschmidt, Christian Heine Nora. "Ergo bibamus! Alkoholkonsum von Studierenden." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://d-nb.info/98882857X/04.
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Kamf, Tobias. "Ergo Mopp : Från koncept till produkt." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126683.
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This thesis describes the work process and the results for the development of a newkind of ergonomic cleaning mop, ranging from basic concept to a virtually productionready digital prototype. The project was made in cooperation with, Ömer Altun, whowas also the project supervisor, and whose plan it is to launch this new product onthe market in a foreseeable future. The mop is meant to be used by both professionalcleaning staff and ordinary home users. What makes this product unique is that it hasa movable center piece that simplifies the cleaning under low furniture.The work began with the establishment of a product requirements specification andlater a study of similar products and existing functional models was conducted. Afterthese surveys the work began with refining the existing concepts in order to makethem more complete. In consultation with Ömer, further refining of one of these newconcepts was conducted, but was split into seven smaller steps.After the initial refining process, effort shifted into the investigation and selection ofappropriate materials and manufacturing methods. At this stage, two experimentswere also conducted and subsequently used to support the final decisions concerningthe choice of materials and design.When the materials and methods were adopted, a detailed CAD model of the wholeproduct and related technical drawings was made and also a number of FEM-analyseson all critical details, to ensure that performance requirements were met, wasconducted. These CAD models are closer described in detail in the chapter“Detaljkonstruktion”.In the final sections of discussion and evaluation are suggestions for furtherimprovements. And also some evaluation of the work process and the problems andsolutions encountered during the project execution.
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Suslavičiūtė, Neringa. "UADB „Ergo Lietuva“ paslaugų rinkodaros strateginės kryptys." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100617_121545-29967.
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Tyrimo objektas – UADB „Ergo Lietuva“ paslaugų rinkodara.
Tyrimo tikslas – suformuoti UADB „Ergo Lietuva“ paslaugų rinkodaros strategines kryptis.
Iškeltam tikslui pasiekti sprendžiami tokie uždaviniai:
1) išnagrinėti mokslinę – metodinę literatūrą, susijusią su draudimo paslaugų rinkodara bei jos taikymu draudimo veikloje, nustatyti pagrindines rinkodaros funkcijas, strategijas ir jų reikšmę;
2) parengti tyrimo metodiką draudimo bendrovės „Ergo Lietuva“ rinkodaros strateginio planavimo būklei nustatyti;
3) išanalizuoti draudimo paslaugų rinkodaros aplinką bei jos poveikį strateginiams rinkodaros sprendimams.
Tyrimo metodai. Analizuojant teorinę draudimo rinkodaros reikšmę taikyti bendramoksliniai tyrimo metodai – sisteminė ir lyginamoji mokslinės literatūros analizė, mokslinės literatūros studijavimas ir apibendrinimas. Tyrimo metodinį pagrindą sudaro empirinio tyrimo metodika. Atliekant rinkodarinės veiklos tyrimą naudoti kiekybiniai ir kokybiniai tyrimo metodai: analizė ir sintezė, apklausos metodas.
Tyrimo laikotarpis: 2004 – 2009 metai.
Tyrimo rezultatai:
• pirmame darbo skyriuje išnagrinėta draudimo paslaugų rinkodaros samprata ir funkcijos, draudimo rinkodaros komplekso elementų strategijos, draudimo rinkodaros strategijų reikšmės.
• antrajame skyriuje pateikiama draudimo bendrovės ,,Ergo Lietuva“ charakteristika, rinkodaros aplinkos analizė, bendrovės taikomos rinkodaros strategijos, draudimo paslaugų vartotojų nuomonės tyrimo metodika.
• trečiajame skyriuje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The object of the research – the service marketing of the insurance company „Ergo Lietuva“. The aim of the research – to formulate the strategic aspects of the insurance company‘s „Ergo Lietuva“ services marketing. To achieve the aim, the following problems are being solved: 1) to analyse the scientific – methodical literature related with the insurance services marketing and its application in the insurance activity, as well as, determine the basic marketing functions, strategies and their significance; 2) to prepare the methodology of the research in order to define the strategic planning condition of the insurance company „Ergo Lietuva“ marketing; 3) to analyse the environment of the insurance services‘ marketing, including its impact on the strategic marketing decisions. Research methods. The analysis of the theoretic significance of insurance marketing integrates general research methods, such as, systemic and comparative analysis of scientific literature, the study of scientific literature and generalizations. The methodical basis of the research includes the methodology of the empiric research. While conducting the analysis of the marketing activity, the following quantitative and qualitative research methods have been applied: analysis and synthesis, as well as, the interview method. Research period: 2004 – 2009. Results of research: • the first section of the work explicates the notion of insurance services marketing and its functions, the strategies of... [to full text]
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Nicolai, Walter [Verfasser]. "Hesiods Erga : Beobachtungen zum Aufbau / Walter Nicolai." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1220952168/34.
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Ragazzi, Maurizio. "The concept of international obligations erga omnes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296258.
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Alsaran, Hadel Mohammed. "Functional characterization of cancer-related mutations of ERK3." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1483791134536552.
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Fernandes, Andrà Dias. "Da eficÃcia das decisÃes do STF em ADIN e ADC: Efeito vinculante, coisa julgada ERGA OMNES e eficÃcia ERGA OMNES." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4522.
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nÃo hÃThe decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) taken in the so called abstract control of constitutionality provoke a huge impact all over the country, for its effects reach everyone. Nonetheless, those effects are not applicable to everyone in the same way. Thus, some are compelled by the binding effect (âefeito vinculanteâ) ― like all the administrative organs and all the judges, barring the Supreme Court itself ―, while others ― such as the legislators, when exerting their legislative powers ― simply are not. On the other hand, everyone is bound by the res iudicata erga omnes effect, including the Supreme Court and the legislators. Furthermore, the self concept of binding effect (âefeito vinculanteâ) is not yet clear in the doctrine and in the jurisprudence. As a matter of fact, considering that even the Supreme Court has not outlined its range, the definition of binding effect remains quite mysterious. Nevertheless, a plain definition is proposed, based upon the constitutional text. Moreover, the objective and subjective limits of the binding effect are analyzed, as well as the differences with regard to the res iudicata erga omnes and to the erga omnes efficacy (âeficÃcia erga omnesâ). It is also analyzed the possibility of manipulation, especially in time, of the effects of the Supreme Courtâs decisions in ADIn (direct action of unconstitutionality ― âaÃÃo direta de inconstitucionalidadeâ) and ADC (declaratory action of constitutionality ― âaÃÃo declaratÃria de constitucionalidadeâ), supported by the principles of proportionality and reasonableness. Finally, it is sustained the necessity of overriding the applicability of the binding effect and the erga omnes efficacy in some exceptional situations, also based on the principles of proportionality and reasonableness. The use of the distinguishing technique is advocated. Some cases in which the Supreme Court itself and other Superior Courts did that are commented on and held as paradigmatic in order to guide the decisions all over the country in future analogous situations
As decisÃes da Suprema Corte brasileira (STF) proferidas no controle abstrato de constitucionalidade provocam um enorme impacto em todo o paÃs, porquanto seus efeitos atingem a todos. NÃo obstante, esses efeitos nÃo sÃo aplicÃveis a todos da mesma forma. Assim, alguns sÃo sujeitos ao efeito vinculante ― como todos os ÃrgÃos administrativos e todos os juÃzes, tirante a prÃpria Suprema Corte ―, ao passo que outros ― como os legisladores, no exercÃcio de seu poder legiferante ― simplesmente nÃo o sÃo. Por outro lado, todos sÃo atingidos pelo efeito da res iudicata erga omnes, incluindo a Suprema Corte e os legisladores. Ademais, o prÃprio conceito de efeito vinculante ainda nÃo està claro na doutrina e na jurisprudÃncia. De fato, considerando que atà mesmo a Suprema Corte ainda nÃo logrou delinear seu raio de alcance, a definiÃÃo de efeito vinculante remanesce bastante misteriosa. Todavia, uma clara definiÃÃo à proposta com base no texto constitucional. AlÃm disso, os limites objetivos e subjetivos do efeito vinculante sÃo analisados, bem como as suas diferenÃas em relaÃÃo à coisa julgada erga omnes e à eficÃcia erga omnes. à igualmente analisada a possibilidade de manipulaÃÃo, especialmente temporal, dos efeitos das decisÃes da Suprema Corte em ADIn (aÃÃo direta de inconstitucionalidade) e ADC (aÃÃo declaratÃria de constitucionalidade), mediante o emprego dos princÃpios da proporcionalidade e da razoabilidade. Finalmente, à sustentada a necessidade de excepcionar ou relativizar a aplicabilidade do efeito vinculante e da eficÃcia erga omnes em algumas situaÃÃes extraordinÃrias, tambÃm com esteio nos princÃpios da proporcionalidade e da razoabilidade. O uso da tÃcnica da distinÃÃo (distinguishing technique) à advogado. Alguns casos em que a Suprema Corte mesma e outras Cortes Superiores lanÃaram mÃo dessa tÃcnica distintiva sÃo comentados e havidos como paradigmÃticos a fim de orientar as decisÃes em todo o paÃs em futuras situaÃÃes anÃlogas
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Johnston, Laura. "Optimization and Expression of the Pneumocystis carinii erg6 Gene in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae erg6 Deletion Mutant." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313689376.
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Doarn, Michael C. "Altered differentiation in acute myeloid leukemias; role of ERG and FUS-ERG fusion protein." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/373.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formattted into pages: contains, 45 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-45). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Oliveira, Fabiana Freire Mendes de. "Análise funcional do gene ERG6 em Cryptococcus neoformans." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/14252.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, 2013.Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-09-13T15:57:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_FabianafreireMendesOliveira.pdf: 3550004 bytes, checksum: 479e0f87b52423d1bb6907da07bbdbdc (MD5)
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O advento de pacientes portadores do HIV e de pacientes imunocomprometidos provocou um aumento na incidência de micoses fúngicas, como a criptococcose. Existem várias classes de antifúngicos disponíveis comercialmente para o tratamento dessas infecções que são utilizadas de acordo com a patologia e o patógeno. No entanto, são relatados casos de resistência a essas drogas e existe uma grande preocupação em relação aos efeitos adversos que elas podem causar nos pacientes. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento de novas drogas antifúngicas poderia ser uma solução para a problemática atual das drogas disponíveis e isso requer o estudo de novos alvos moleculares. O gene ERG6 codifica a enzima esterol C-24 metiltransferase que atua na conversão de zimosterol em fecosterol. Constitui uma etapa que ocorre em fungos para a biossíntese do ergosterol, mas não ocorre nos hospedeiros animais, que possuem enzimas específicas para a conversão do zimosterol até colesterol. No presente trabalho, a função do gene ERG6 foi investigada e caracterizada no fungo Cryptococcus neoformans demonstrando que a ausência desse gene gera diversas alterações fenotípicas, tais como sensibilidade ao estresse osmótico, ao estresse oxidativo e maior susceptibilidade a diferentes drogas antifúngicas. Além disso, foi ainda observado que a capacidade de crescer em meios contento diferentes estressores de parede se mostra alterada. Em relação aos fatores de virulência conhecidos para C. neoformans, o fungo foi incapaz de crescer a temperatura de 37°C, porém não teve sua produção de cápsula ou melanina afetadas. No entanto, em testes para observação da sua capacidade de virulência in vitro utilizando macrófagos e in vivo com lagartas da espécie Galleria mellonella mostraram uma redução na virulência em mutantes de ERG6. Por fim a análise dos esteróis de membrana mostrou que ocorre uma alteração em toda a composição de esteróis da membrana celular. Dessa forma, por ser uma enzima encontrada principalmente em fungos, a Erg6 pode ser um alvo molecular potencial para drogas antifúngicas. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The advent of HIV patients and immunocompromised patients caused an increase in the incidence of fungal mycoses, such as cryptococcosis. There are several antifungal agents commercially available for the treatment of such infections that are chosen based on the disease and the pathogen. However, cases of resistance are reported to these drugs and there is great concern about the adverse effects that they can cause on patients. In this context, the development of new antifungal drugs could be a solution to the current problem of the available drugs and it requires the study of potential molecular targets. The gene ERG6 encodes the sterol C-24 methyltransferase, an enzyme that acts on the conversion zimosterol in fecosterol. This is a step that occurs in fungi in the ergosterol biosynthesis, but does not occur in the animal hosts which have specific enzymes for the conversion of zymosterol to cholesterol. In this study, gene function of ERG6 was investigated and characterized in the Cryptococcus neoformans demonstrating the absence of this gene generates several phenotypic changes, such as sensitivity to osmotic stress, oxidative stress and increased susceptibility to different antifungal drugs. Furthermore, it was also observed that the ability to grow on media with different cell wall stressors was also altered. It was observed that the lack of ERG6 greatly affects the permeabillity of the membrane resulting in osmotic and oxidative stress sensitivity and changing antifungal drugs susceptibility. Furthermore, it was also observed that the ability to grow in medium with cell wall stressor was altered. About the virulence factor, C. neoformans was unable to grow at 37°C, but it had not affected the production of melanin or capsule. However, virulence tests in vitro with macrophages and in vivo with Galleria mellonella caterpillars showed a decrease in the virulence of ERG6 mutants. Finally, the membrane sterols analysis demonstrated a change in the membrane sterol composition. Thus, being an enzyme found especially fungi, the Erg6 may be a potential molecular target for antifungal drugs.
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Dias, Junior Jose Pedro. "Adaptação cultural do instrumento Ergo Job Analyzer "EJA"." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310833.
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Orientador: Maria Cecilia Cardoso BenattiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Diversos autores têm recomendado a adaptação cultural de instrumentos confiáveis já existentes. São vários os questionários disponíveis, para a análise de postura e movimentos do corpo feitos por um trabalhador, no exercício de suas atividades laborais. Este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir o instrumento para Análise de Postos de Trabalho com Alto Risco Ergonômico chamado "Ergo Job Analyzer - High Risk Job Assessment", realizar sua adaptação cultural e verificar sua confiabilidade. O instrumento foi desenvolvido pela empresa norte americana Auburn Engineers e atende as necessidades existentes na área de ergonomia, para a realização de análises quantitativas de postos de trabalho. O processo de adaptação cultural foi desenvolvido conforme os padrões metodológicos internacionais recomendados. Obedeceu as fases de tradução, retro-tradução, revisão por um comitê de juizes especialistas, e pré-teste O comitê de juízes revisou os documentos e geraram a pré-versão final do instrumento. A pré-versão final foi pré-testada com cinco tradutores bilíngües que desconheciam o propósito do trabalho assim como o instrumento. A confiabilidade foi avaliada a partir da consistência interna. A versão final do instrumento foi aplicada em campo por três auxiliares de pesquisa, em 20 diferentes trabalhadores. Os resultados mostraram uma consistência interna satisfatória (Alfa de Chronbach = 0,71) e elevado coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (r=0,93). Foram feitas algumas alterações no questionário a fim de alcançar os melhores resultados nestes aspectos. O resultado da adaptação deste instrumento foi considerado satisfatório, depois de ter recebido sugestões do comitê de especialistas. Através da adaptação cultural deste instrumento, espera-se contribuir para que os profissionais da área de saúde do trabalhador, no Brasil, tenham a sua disposição um instrumento de análise ergonômica prático, fácil de utilizar e no idioma local.
Abstract: Several authors have recommended the need to make the cross-cultural adaptation of reliable existing instruments. There are some available questionnaires, designed to do workers posture as well as movements analysis, during their labor activities. The purpose of this project was to translate the Ergo Job Analyzer - High Risk Activities and to conduce the cross-cultural adaptation process and to verify its reliability. This instrument was developed by Auburn Engineers, a North America company and has the existing requirements in Ergonomics, to do quantitative studies for work stations. The cross-cultural process followed recommended international methodology standards. The process consists in several phases: the initial translation, back translation, expert committee review and pretesting. The original questionnaire was translated to Portuguese by two independent translators. Once translated to Portuguese, a consensus version was created. The back translation was done by two other translators, Portuguese to English and was submitted to the expert committee review. The expert committee reviewed the documents and created the pre-final version. The pre-final version was pre-tested by five bilingual translators those did not know the instrument as well as the scope of this research. Reliability was estimated through stability. The final version of this instrument was applied in the field by three research assistants in 20 different workers. Psychometric properties were obtained after field test and results showed sufficient reliability (Cronbach alpha = 0,71) and high intra-class correlation was observed (r=0,93). Some changes were necessary to do in the questionnaire to reach better results on this purpose. The reliability for this questionnaire is good after received suggestions from the expert team. Through this cross-cultural process, it is desirable to give a contribution to Brazilian health and safety professionals, making available an easy ergonomic instrument for ergo analysis and in the local language.
Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestre em Enfermagem
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Santana, Ricardo Costa de. "Espectroscopia de centros opticamente ativos em cristais de Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 dopados com Er3+ e Er3+,Cr3+." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-13062008-110813/.
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O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar e separar os níveis de energia dos multipletos excitado, 4S3/2, e fundamental, 4I15/2, provenientes do íon Er3+ alojado nos vários sítios não equivalentes existentes no garnet Ca3Ga2Ge3O12. Várias técnicas de espectroscopia óptica (absorção, luminescência com bombeio seletivo, excitação e conversão ascendente de luz) foram usadas com este objetivo. A partir dos resultados experimentais foram calculados, pela primeira vez, os parâmetros de íon livre e de campo cristalino para o Er3+ em cada um dos sítios identificados. Experimentos de luminescência e absorção sob a influência de campo magnético também foram realizados, e o fator g tanto do estado 4S3/2 quanto do 4I15/2 do Er3+ neste garnet foram determinados.The main objective of this work was to identify and attribute the energy levels of excited 4S3/2 and ground 4I15/2states, corresponding to the Er3+ ions located at the various non equivalent sites present in the Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 garnet. Several optical spectroscopic techniques, (absorption, site-selective luminescence, excitation and upconversion of light), were used with this objective. From the experimental results, it was possible, for the first time, to calculate the free ion parameters, as well as the crystalline field parameters, for the Er3+ ions in each of the identified sites. Luminescence experiments and absorption under the influence of the magnetic field were performed, and the g factor associated to both, 4S3/2 and 4I15/2 estates in this garnet were determined.
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Figueiredo, Marcio da Silva [UNESP]. "Avaliação óptica de vidros teluritos preparados com Er3+ e Er3+/Yb3+ para aplicação em fotônica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102527.
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figueiredo_ms_dr_ilha.pdf: 1006805 bytes, checksum: 5c550a3c14783fc554cc37dba6517cff (MD5)No presente trabalho foram sintetizados vidros Te-Li-Ti (TLT) dopados com Er3+ e também codopados com Er3+/Yb3+ para o estudo das propriedades da emissão em 1,5m do íon. Inicialmente foi estudado um conjunto com diferentes concentrações de Er3+ para ver a dependência com a concentração de dopante da eficiência quântica de emissão (). Foi empregado como método experimental de análise a técnica de lente térmica (LT) e os resultados foram confrontados com os determinados usando dados espectroscópicos combinados com a teoria de Judd-Ofelt. Embora sejam fortemente dependentes com a concentração, os valores de para as concentrações mais baixas de dopante (~76% para o vidro TLT: 0,05% molar de Er2O3) são maiores que os valores reportados na literatura para o mesmo íon em outras matrizes teluritos. Adicionalmente, o sistema codopado com Er3+/Yb3+ foi estudo a fim de avaliar se a adição do Yb3+ na matriz promove o aumento da emissão do érbio em 1,5 m, excitando o nível emissor via Yb3+. Os resultados mostraram que há um eficiente mecanismo de transferência de energia do Yb3+ para o Er3+ de maneira que a intensidade de emissão no infravermelho foi aumentada. Ademais, avaliou-se a existência ou não da emissão “downconversion” em 980 nm do itérbio mediante excitação do Er3+ no visível. Do ponto de vista do “downconversion”, que é interessante para aplicação do material em placas solares à base de silício, os resultados mostraram, pela primeira vez em um vidro telurito, que o efeito ocorre com uma eficiência na transferência de energia do Er3+ para o Yb3+ de 56%, indicando que o material tem boa perspectiva para utilização comercial
In this paper Er3+ doped and Yb3+/ Er3+codoped Te-Li-Ti (TLT) glasses were synthesized to study the properties of the emission at 1.5 m. One set was initially studied with different Er3+ concentrations to see the dependence of emission quantum efficiency () with the dopant concentration. The thermal lens spectrometry (TL) was employed as the method of experimental analysis and the results were compared with those determined using spectroscopic data combined with the Judd-Ofelt theory. Although they are highly dependent on the concentration, the values for the lower dopant concentrations (~ 76% for the TLT glass doped with 0.05 mol% Er2O3) are higher than those reported in literature for the same ion at tellurite other matrices. Additionally, the Er3+ / Yb3+ codopado system was studied to evaluate the increased emission of erbium at 1.5 m as a function of Yb3+ increment by excitation in the metastable state in Yb3+. The results show that there is an efficient transfer of energy from Yb3+ to Er3+, so that the infrared emission of Er3+ was increased, as was desired. Furthermore, we assessed whether or not the issue ytterbium downconversion emission at 980 nm upon excitation visible in the Er3+. From the viewpoint of the downconversion mechanism, which is interesting for application of the material in solar cells based on silicon, the results showed for the first time in a glass tellurite, which effect occurs with efficiency in energy transfer from Er3+ Yb3+ to 56%, indicating that the material has good prospects for commercial use
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Figueiredo, Marcio da Silva. "Avaliação óptica de vidros teluritos preparados com Er3+ e Er3+/Yb3+ para aplicação em fotônica /." Ilha Solteira, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102527.
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Orientador: João Carlos Silos MoraesCoorientador: Sandro Márcio Lima
Banca: Eudes Borges de Araújo
Banca: Antonio Carlos Ferreira Seridonio
Banca: Noelio Oliveira Dantas
Banca: Luiz Antonio de Oliveira Nunes
Resumo: No presente trabalho foram sintetizados vidros Te-Li-Ti (TLT) dopados com Er3+ e também codopados com Er3+/Yb3+ para o estudo das propriedades da emissão em 1,5m do íon. Inicialmente foi estudado um conjunto com diferentes concentrações de Er3+ para ver a dependência com a concentração de dopante da eficiência quântica de emissão (). Foi empregado como método experimental de análise a técnica de lente térmica (LT) e os resultados foram confrontados com os determinados usando dados espectroscópicos combinados com a teoria de Judd-Ofelt. Embora sejam fortemente dependentes com a concentração, os valores de para as concentrações mais baixas de dopante (~76% para o vidro TLT: 0,05% molar de Er2O3) são maiores que os valores reportados na literatura para o mesmo íon em outras matrizes teluritos. Adicionalmente, o sistema codopado com Er3+/Yb3+ foi estudo a fim de avaliar se a adição do Yb3+ na matriz promove o aumento da emissão do érbio em 1,5 m, excitando o nível emissor via Yb3+. Os resultados mostraram que há um eficiente mecanismo de transferência de energia do Yb3+ para o Er3+ de maneira que a intensidade de emissão no infravermelho foi aumentada. Ademais, avaliou-se a existência ou não da emissão "downconversion" em 980 nm do itérbio mediante excitação do Er3+ no visível. Do ponto de vista do "downconversion", que é interessante para aplicação do material em placas solares à base de silício, os resultados mostraram, pela primeira vez em um vidro telurito, que o efeito ocorre com uma eficiência na transferência de energia do Er3+ para o Yb3+ de 56%, indicando que o material tem boa perspectiva para utilização comercial
Abstract: In this paper Er3+ doped and Yb3+/ Er3+codoped Te-Li-Ti (TLT) glasses were synthesized to study the properties of the emission at 1.5 m. One set was initially studied with different Er3+ concentrations to see the dependence of emission quantum efficiency () with the dopant concentration. The thermal lens spectrometry (TL) was employed as the method of experimental analysis and the results were compared with those determined using spectroscopic data combined with the Judd-Ofelt theory. Although they are highly dependent on the concentration, the values for the lower dopant concentrations (~ 76% for the TLT glass doped with 0.05 mol% Er2O3) are higher than those reported in literature for the same ion at tellurite other matrices. Additionally, the Er3+ / Yb3+ codopado system was studied to evaluate the increased emission of erbium at 1.5 m as a function of Yb3+ increment by excitation in the metastable state in Yb3+. The results show that there is an efficient transfer of energy from Yb3+ to Er3+, so that the infrared emission of Er3+ was increased, as was desired. Furthermore, we assessed whether or not the issue ytterbium downconversion emission at 980 nm upon excitation visible in the Er3+. From the viewpoint of the downconversion mechanism, which is interesting for application of the material in solar cells based on silicon, the results showed for the first time in a glass tellurite, which effect occurs with efficiency in energy transfer from Er3+ Yb3+ to 56%, indicating that the material has good prospects for commercial use
Doutor
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Ibañez, Bruron Diego Antonio. "La costumbre internacional, el Ius Cogens y las obligaciones Erga Omnes. — El Ius Cogens como única fuente de las obligaciones Erga Omnes." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106835.
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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)Las obligaciones erga omnes, dentro del Derecho Internacional Público, son una figura de reciente creación, cuya naturaleza y alcance no han sido todavía delimitados. De lo anterior deriva que, dentro del Derecho Internacional no exista aun una estructura lógica, clara y unánimemente aceptada que permita aclarar una serie de interrogantes a su respecto. Se ha sostenido por algunos autores que las obligaciones erga omnes serían una creación original basada en el acuerdo de los distintos sujetos de Derecho Internacional, fijada a través de Tratados, Acuerdos y Convenciones, cuyas características particulares se deben a la voluntad de los Estados en orden a darles, ya constituidas como obligaciones, una jerarquía superior dentro del ordenamiento internacional. Otros han afirmado que tales obligaciones emanarían de diversas fuentes del Derecho Internacional, las que interactuando entre sí darían origen a una figura que posee sus especiales características por el hecho de basarse en la principal de dichas fuentes, el ius cogens internacional, cuerpo de normas y principios superiores. Ni esta ni otras teorías acerca de la naturaleza y origen de las obligaciones erga omnes explican de manera contundente sus características tan particulares, lo cual, atendidos algunos acontecimientos ocurridos durante los últimos años (v.gr. Invasión en 2003 de Estados Unidos y sus aliados a Irak, Construcción del muro israelí en Cisjordania) hacen vislumbrar los peligros que representa dicha falta de certeza. El presente trabajo pretende conocer el alcance y naturaleza de las obligaciones erga omnes, afirmando que estas no son una creación original ni inédita dentro del Derecho Internacional, sino que, por el contrario, sustentan sus características y su funcionamiento en su naturaleza y origen, esto es, ser la consecuencia de la aplicación práctica del ius cogens internacional, su única fuente. Aunque en comparación con las obligaciones erga omnes, el ius cogens presenta una elaboración jurisprudencial y doctrinaria más avanzada, tampoco existe a su respecto la claridad necesaria para que por su solo intermedio baste para explicar las características de tales obligaciones. Para esto último, más que establecer a la costumbre internacional como única fuente del ius cogens y de ahí explicar sus características, resulta imperativo excluir la voluntad de los sujetos de Derecho Internacional como su fuente directa, limitándola a una función accesoria y prescindible en su creación. Todo lo anterior pese a lo expresado en la letra b) del artículo 1º de la “Resolución acerca de las Obligaciones Erga Omnes en el Derecho Internacional”a, del Instituto de Derecho Internacional, reunido en Cracovia, Polonia, en el año 2005, que viene de cierto modo a desvirtuar la teoría sustentada en este trabajo acerca de la naturaleza y origen de dichas obligaciones
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Jansson, Elise. "Blogito, ergo sum : En diskursanalys av identitetsskapande i bloggen." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19042.
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De senaste åren har bloggsfären utvecklats explosionsartat och bloggen blir mer och mer, på flera sätt, en del av människors vardag. Den här uppsatsen syftar till att beskriva och analysera diskurser om identitetsskapande i blogg. Detta har gjorts genom att med ett diskursanalytiskt angreppssätt, diskurspsykologi, analysera sex bloggar, tre unga kvinnor och tre unga män. Analysen kopplas även samman med teorier om identitetsskapande, livsstil och konsumtionssamhället. Tre tolkningsrepertoarer har identifierats och analyseras därmed. Repertoarerna behandlar vardagen som grund för bloggskribenternas inlägg, kroppens del i identitetsskapandet, samt ett hävdande av blogg och identitet som kan kopplas till en marknadsföring av självet.
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Stephen, Haroon. "Microwave Remote Sensing of Saharan Ergs and Amazon Vegetation." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1461.pdf.
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Aldharee, Hitham Abdulrahman. "Role of ERK3 in Regulating RhoGDI1-PAKs Signaling Axis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1498007023965276.
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Vallabhaneni, Sreeram. "Investigating the Function of ERK3 In Lung Tumor Progression." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1526077960269769.
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Norell-Clarke, Annika. "Cogito, ergo insomnis : I think, therefore I am sleepless." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35794.
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Insomnia is a common health complaint that often becomes a persistent problem. The theoretical frameworks for understanding and treating insomnia have mostly been behavioural, yet the importance of cognitive processes has received greater attention over the years. The overall aim of this dissertation was to expand the knowledge on the processes from the Cognitive Model of Insomnia by investigating them in novel contexts. Study I examined the outcomes from cognitive therapy for insomnia on adolescents. Study II explored the relationship between cognitive processes and the association with remission and persistence of insomnia in the general population. Lastly, Study III investigated if cognitive processes mediated between cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and outcomes of insomnia and depressive severity in a sample of people with insomnia comorbid with depressive problems. The findings show that cognitive therapy for insomnia affected sleep for adolescents, thus this is a promising treatment option for this age group. Further, it was found that cognitive processes distinguished between adults with normal sleep and persistent insomnia. For people with insomnia, elevated sleep-related worry at baseline increased the risk of reporting persistent insomnia later on, whereas a lowering of selective attention and monitoring, and safety behaviours over time increased the likelihood of remission from insomnia. This has clinical implications for insomnia assessment and treatment, as well as theoretical implications, and warrants further research. CBT-I was associated with greater reductions in dysfunctional beliefs and sleep-related safety behaviours compared to control treatment. Dysfunctional beliefs mediated between CBT-I and insomnia severity and depressive severity respectively. This supports the importance of negative thought content in both insomnia and depression.
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Féliz, De Jesús Ernesto José. "Obligations erga omnes as multilateral obligations in international law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:174ea3f0-a62b-448b-8675-266aa4f5684b.
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So-called obligations erga omnes, owed to the international community as a whole, including all States, now form part of positive international law. These obligations protect some of the most basic values of present-day international relations. Examples include the obligations not to commit genocide or torture, to uphold the most basic human rights, to respect the self-determination of peoples, and so on. However, there is little agreement as to what these obligations imply, how they have come about, and how to identify them. In the literature, at least, there is widespread agreement that obligations erga omnes are different in essence and in nature from obligations owed by one State to another State, so-called obligations inter partes. In turn, this —alleged— radical conceptual break severs obligations erga omnes from a wealth of norms that exist in present-day, general international law, but whose origins lie farther back in time. This thesis attempts to reconcile obligations erga omnes with obligations arising in classic, general international law. It explores what it means to be owed an obligation and how it came to pass that most obligations were owed inter partes. The particular way in which sovereignty came to be conceived and the furtherance of sovereignty, at the expense of other values, forms the pattern that gave rise to obligations inter partes. But even at that time, exceptions to this pattern existed which brought about obligations analogous to those owed erga omnes today. Relevant state practice will be analysed. If obligations erga omnes could have been created in classic international law, it is unjustified to maintain that obligations erga omnes represent so radical a break with the past. Obligations erga omnes are aggregates of bilateral, primary obligations. From this perspective, it is possible to identify these obligations, their consequences, and to discern their origins.
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Santos, Clenilton Costa dos. "Propriedades Ãpticas dos vidros Er3+:PbPO4." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4874.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorNeste trabalho utilizamos vÃrias tÃcnicas para investigar as propriedades Ãpticas dos vidros fosfato de chumbo (PbPO4) com concentraÃÃes moderadamente altas de Ãons de Ãrbio (Er3+), EDLP. Medimos a susceptibilidade de terceira ordem, χ3, e a dispersÃo do Ãndice de refraÃÃo linear, n0(λ), dos vidros EDLP na regiÃo de comprimento de onda entre 400 e 1940 nm, por meio da tÃcnica de Franjas de Maker. A partir do valor de χ3, calculamos o Ãndice de refraÃÃo nÃo-linear, n2, cujo valor à cerca de cinco vezes maior que o da sÃlica (SiO2). TambÃm obtivemos os valores de n2 dos vidros EDLP, atravÃs da tÃcnica de varredura Z para vÃrios comprimentos de onda. A diferenÃa entre os valores obtidos pelas duas tÃcnicas foi de 15%. Realizamos medidas de absorÃÃo Ãptica, cujos dados foram utilizados para calcular os parÃmetros fenomenolÃgicos Ωλ da teoria de Judd-Ofelt. Observamos que Ω4 e Ω6 permanecem praticamente constante com o aumento da concentraÃÃo de Er3+, ao passo que Ω2 diminui. Excitando as amostras em 800 nm foi possÃvel verificar emissÃes no verde, vermelho e infravermelho, centradas em 530, 550, 660 e 1530 nm, respectivamente. O tempo de vida da transiÃÃo 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 (em 1530 nm) do Er3+ diminui com o aumento da concentraÃÃo de Er3+, refletindo o quÃo importante à o processo nÃo-radiativo associado a esta transiÃÃo. A teoria de McCumber foi usada para calcular, a partir da seÃÃo de choque de absorÃÃo, a seÃÃo de choque da emissÃo estimulada da transiÃÃo 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 do Er3+. Observamos e analisamos uma forte reabsorÃÃo da fluorescÃncia em 1530 nm. Finalmente, discutimos a aplicabilidade dos vidros EDLP em dispositivos fotÃnicos.
In this work we employ several techniques to investigate the optical properties of moderately high Er3+-doped lead phosphate (EDLP) glasses. The third-order optical susceptibility, χ3, and dispersion of the linear refractive index, n0(λ), of Er3+:PbPO4 were measured in the wavelength range between 400 and 1940 nm by using the spectrally resolved femtosecond Maker fringes technique. The nonlinear refractive index, n2, obtained from the third-order susceptibility was found to be five times higher than that of silica. For comparison purposes, the Z-scan technique was also employed to obtain the values of n2 of EDLP at several wavelengths, and the values obtained using the two techniques agree to within 15%. From the data obtained by absorption measurements, the Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the intensity-dependent parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, and 6). We observed that increasing Er3+ content, Ω4 and Ω6 remain constant, while Ω2 decreases. Green, red, and infrared emissions centered at 530, 550, 660, and 1530 nm were observed under excitation at 800 nm. The lifetime of the Er3+: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 (1530 nm) transition decreases with increasing Er3+ content, reflecting how significant the non-radiative process associated with this transition is. The McCumber theory was used to calculate, from absorption cross-section, the stimulated emission cross-section of the Er3+: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition. A strong re-absorption of the fluorescence at 1530 nm was also observed and analyzed. Finally, we discuss the potential use of Er3+:PbPO4 glasses in photonics devices.
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Santos, Clenilton Costa dos. "Propriedades ópticas dos vidros Er3+:PbPO4." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9652.
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SANTOS, Clenilton Costa dos. Propriedades ópticas dos vidros Er3+:PbPO4. 2010. 96 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2010.Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2014-11-03T18:38:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_tese_ccsantos.pdf: 4778732 bytes, checksum: e9324ded793c2e668aa603d0ce9ecc71 (MD5)
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In this work we employ several techniques to investigate the optical properties of moderately high Er3+-doped lead phosphate (EDLP) glasses. The third-order optical susceptibility, χ3, and dispersion of the linear refractive index, n0(λ), of Er3+:PbPO4 were measured in the wavelength range between 400 and 1940 nm by using the spectrally resolved femtosecond Maker fringes technique. The nonlinear refractive index, n2, obtained from the third-order susceptibility was found to be five times higher than that of silica. For comparison purposes, the Z-scan technique was also employed to obtain the values of n2 of EDLP at several wavelengths, and the values obtained using the two techniques agree to within 15%. From the data obtained by absorption measurements, the Judd-Ofelt theory was employed to calculate the intensity-dependent parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, and 6). We observed that increasing Er3+ content, Ω4 and Ω6 remain constant, while Ω2 decreases. Green, red, and infrared emissions centered at 530, 550, 660, and 1530 nm were observed under excitation at 800 nm. The lifetime of the Er3+: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 (1530 nm) transition decreases with increasing Er3+ content, reflecting how significant the non-radiative process associated with this transition is. The McCumber theory was used to calculate, from absorption cross-section, the stimulated emission cross-section of the Er3+: 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition. A strong re-absorption of the fluorescence at 1530 nm was also observed and analyzed. Finally, we discuss the potential use of Er3+:PbPO4 glasses in photonics devices.
Neste trabalho utilizamos várias técnicas para investigar as propriedades ópticas dos vidros fosfato de chumbo (PbPO4) com concentrações moderadamente altas de íons de érbio (Er3+), EDLP. Medimos a susceptibilidade de terceira ordem, χ3, e a dispersão do índice de refração linear, n0(λ), dos vidros EDLP na região de comprimento de onda entre 400 e 1940 nm, por meio da técnica de Franjas de Maker. A partir do valor de χ3, calculamos o índice de refração não-linear, n2, cujo valor é cerca de cinco vezes maior que o da sílica (SiO2). Também obtivemos os valores de n2 dos vidros EDLP, através da técnica de varredura Z para vários comprimentos de onda. A diferença entre os valores obtidos pelas duas técnicas foi de 15%. Realizamos medidas de absorção óptica, cujos dados foram utilizados para calcular os parâmetros fenomenológicos Ωλ da teoria de Judd-Ofelt. Observamos que Ω4 e Ω6 permanecem praticamente constante com o aumento da concentração de Er3+, ao passo que Ω2 diminui. Excitando as amostras em 800 nm foi possível verificar emissões no verde, vermelho e infravermelho, centradas em 530, 550, 660 e 1530 nm, respectivamente. O tempo de vida da transição 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 (em 1530 nm) do Er3+ diminui com o aumento da concentração de Er3+, refletindo o quão importante é o processo não-radiativo associado a esta transição. A teoria de McCumber foi usada para calcular, a partir da seção de choque de absorção, a seção de choque da emissão estimulada da transição 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 do Er3+. Observamos e analisamos uma forte reabsorção da fluorescência em 1530 nm. Finalmente, discutimos a aplicabilidade dos vidros EDLP em dispositivos fotônicos.
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Herries, Robert David. "Sedimentology of continental erg-margin interactions." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU045051.
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Modern ergs are characterized by bedform types and distributions that reflect the directional variability and result and drift potential of the wind regime. Sand accumulates in the erg-centre, an area of low resultant drift potential where large, slow-moving linear and star draas act as sediment sinks. The thickest ancient aeolian sequences contain stacked transverse and oblique draa and dry interdune deposits. Only these forms are able to transport sand rapidly enough to aggrade by autocyclic bedform climb. Subsidence probably played a crucial role in their accumulation. Todays ergs are poor analogues for ancient erg sequences due to the rapidity of recent climatic change and because they do not appear to be aggrading by bedform climb. The sand saturation concept introduced by Wilson (1971) provides a valuable tool for understanding the nature of ancient ergs and regional bounding surfaces. Undersaturated conditions cannot form dunes, but under metasaturated conditions, dunes with deflationary interdunes may be sustained, but these are incapable of preservation by bedform climb. Only under fully sand-saturated conditions can ergs aggrade by bedform climb. The presence of deflationary interdunes in ancient erg-margin sequences indicates metasaturated conditions and implies that preservation only follows subsidence or water-table rise. Two extremes or erg-margin interaction are identified here. One, the Kayenta-Navajo transition, occurred at the margin of an established erg. Fluvial-aeolian interactions form small-scale cycles that reflect the continual interplay between the active erg and adjacent fluvial system. Large-scale cycles appear to represent a climatically-controlled alternation between active and denudated erg phases, the latter allowing advance of fluvial systems over the former erg during wetter phases. The opposite extreme occurred during deposition of the Ormskirk sandstone in the Irish Sea. Here, conditions were predominantly unsaturated because, though aqueous and aeolian processes provided an abundant supply of sand, this was almost immediately removed from the aeolian system by the continually rising water-table, thus restricting erg and dunefield development to elevated areas.
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Li, Chuin. "Spectroscopie, dynamique de fluorescence et potentialité laser des cristaux Y2SiO5:Er3+, Y2SiO5:Yb3+, Er3+ et Y2SiO5:Tm3+." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10306.
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Les emissions laser a 1. 55 et 2 micron des ions de terre-rares er#3#+, tm#3#+ et ho#3#+ sont susceptibles de nombreuses applications tant dans le domaine des telecommunications par fibres optiques que dans les domaines medical et militaire. Cette these porte precisement sur l'etude spectroscopique et dynamique et sur l'evaluation des potentialites laser de monocristaux d'orthosilicate d'yttrium de formule chimique y#2sio#5 dopes soit par les ions er#3#+ ou tm#3#+ soit codopes par les ions yb#3#+ et er#3#+, l'ion yb#3#+ servant d'adsorbant (sensibilisateur) pour la lumiere d'excitation. Une part importante du travail est consacree a la description et a l'utilisation de la theorie de judd-ofelt dans la determination des differents parametres regissant les proprietes optiques de ces cristaux. Les resultats montrent que les cristaux dopes er#3#+, grace a une emission infrarouge bien centree autour de 1. 55 micron, une bonne section efficace d'emission stimulee, des relaxations non-radiatives entre etats excites favorables a un bon peuplement de l'etat emetteur, peuvent concurrencer valablement les verres phosphates dopes er#3#+ kigre qe-7 du commerce, tout en presentant de meilleures proprietes thermomecaniques. Les cristaux dopes tm, avec une emission large bande autour de 2 micron et les sections efficaces stimulees notablement plus elevees que dans la plupart des autres systemes, apparaissent quant a eux comme de bons candidats pour une emission laser accordable entre environ 1. 8 et 2. 1 micron
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Nacci, Dominique, and n/a. "Video ergo sum : the legitimisation of the post-colonial condition." University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060824.092736.
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Pitta, Maurício Fernando. "Habitamus, ergo sumus : topologia e subjetividade de Heidegger a Sloterdijk." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, 2018. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000217291.
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Esta dissertação pretende articular o problema da relação entre lugar e subjetividade, utilizando de referencial teórico as obras de Martin Heidegger e Peter Sloterdijk. Nosso ponto de partida se encontra na discussão proposta por Heidegger na conferência O caminho para a linguagem sobre o caráter originário da linguagem com relação ao ente humano, em sua acepção topológica de casa do ser, isto é, meio universal de sentido ontológico primário. Distanciando-se de concepções instrumentalistas, Heidegger afirma que a linguagem ocorre, antes, como lugar de acontecimento de doação do ser ao ente, antecedendo e fundando a própria noção de linguagem como expressão subjetiva. A própria subjetividade, em Heidegger, se dissolve como um momento do acontecimento do ser, próprio da modernidade, e que culminaria no acabamento da metafísica como técnica planetária. Sloterdijk, por sua vez, a partir de uma leitura sui generis dos escritos de Heidegger, questiona o caráter originário da linguagem como casa do ser ao repensar a questão da técnica, propondo que o próprio ser, que dá sentido ao ente humano, é produto de técnicas de autogenia, insulamento e criação de lugares cossubjetivos de imunidade e intimidade. Tais lugares são denominados por Sloterdijk de esferas, conceito que implica a salvaguarda da noção de subjetividade através do deslocamento dela do campo ontológico do individualismo representacionalista moderno para o de uma ontologia relacional, híbrida, cibernética e não-substancialista. Propomo-nos investigar, a partir de tais considerações, sobre a maneira como o conceito de esfera, exposto em Esferas I, resolve o desnível na relação entre subjetividade e lugar, no sentido de que a esfera, em que o humano, simultaneamente construindo-a e habitando-a, se encontra sempre em relação com outros, concilia as noções de lugar e de subjetividade, antecedendo e servindo mesmo de base para qualquer configuração linguístico-topológica do espaço habitado. Para alcançar esse objetivo, pretendemos primeiramente resgatar os pressupostos da filosofia tardia de Heidegger e a discussão de sua conferência sobre a linguagem, para depois expor o panorama geral de sua obra, a fim de sustentar as divergências entre os pensamentos heideggeriano e sloterdijkiano com o intuito de, por fim, explorar a dissidência de Sloterdijk com relação à tematização da espacialidade, seu conceito de esfera e suas implicações antropológicas e cibernéticas, bem como a noção de subjetividade na obra sloterdijkiana, possibilitando lidar com nossa problemática.This Master Thesis aims to problematize the relationship between place and subjectivity, by using the works of Martin Heidegger and Peter Sloterdijk as theoretical references. One's starting point is Heidegger's discussion in the conference The way to language on the originary character of language, in its topological aception as house of Being i.e. universal medium of ontologically prior meaning, in relation to human being. Heidegger asserts, while distancing himself from instrumentalist conceptions, language ocurring rather as place of the happening of Being's granting to beings, preceding and grounding the notion of language itself as subjective expression. In Heidegger, subjectivity itself is dissolved as a specifically Modern moment of the happening of Being, culminating with the consummation of metaphysics as planetary technology. Sloterdijk, in turn, starting from a sui generis reading of Heidegger's writings, questions the originary character of language as house of Being by rethinking the question concerning technology and proposing that, in its donation of meaning to human being, Being itself is a product of techniques of autogeny, insulation and creation of co-subjective places of immunity and intimacy. Such places are what Sloterdijk calls spheres, a concept which implies the safeguard of the notion of subjectivity from the ontological field of Modernity's representationalist individualism to another one, one of a relational, hybrid, cybernetic, and non-substantialist ontology. One proposes here to investigate, from such considerations, on the way in which the concept of sphere, exposed in Spheres I, resolves the unevenness in the relationship between subjectivity and place, in the sense that the sphere in which human being finds himself always in relationship with other and others, simutaneously constructing it and dwelling in it, conciliates the notions of place and subjectivity, preceding and serving as base for any linguistic-topological configuration of the inhabited space. To reach this goal, one intends firstly to rescue the main presupositions of Heidegger's late philosophy and the discussion of his conference on language, exposing the general background of his work, in order to sustain the differences between Heideggerian and Sloterdijkian thoughts, for the purpose of, at the end, explore Sloterdijk's dissidence in relation to the thematization of spaciality, his concept of sphere, with its anthropological and cybernetic implications, and the notion of subjectivity in the Sloterdijkian work, enabling one to deal with the problem.
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Alshammari, Eid Salem. "∆Np63α Positively Regulates ERK3 Expression in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1556229754222487.
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Shakya, Astha. "ERK3 negatively regulates the IL-6/STAT3 signaling via SOCS3." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1576834819053154.
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Souza, Eunezio Antonio de. "Aplicações de fibras ópticas dopadas com Er3+." [s.n.], 1991. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277456.
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Orientador: Carlos Henrique de Brito CruzTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Apresentamos nesta tese um estudo das aplicações de fibras ópticas dopadas com Érbio em amplificadores e lasers. Como amplificadores, determinamos as características das fibras de forma a apresentarem um melhor desempenho em sistemas de comunicação via fibra óptica. Para tal, concluímos que as fibras devem possuir um núcleo pequeno e/ou a concentração de Érbio confinada em seu centro, para haver maior superposição entre a região dopada e os feixes de bombeio e sinal. Concluímos também que a concentração de Érbio deve ser pequena para evitar efeitos cooperativos de conversão ascendente de energia que depopulam o nível meta-estável (I13/2), diminuindo a eficiência do bombeio. Como laser, obtivemos a operação CW, à temperatura ambiente. O laser de fibra dopado com Érbio, apesar de operar como um sistema de 3-níveis, apresentou uma baixíssima potência de limiar (~20mW). Isto se deve à sua favorável geometria e À alta intensidade no núcleo. Com uma fibra multimodo obtivemos um laser de fibra com alta potência (~500 mW) que pode ser usado como fonte de bombeio para medidas de óptica não linear. Utilizamos também o laser de fibra para geração de pulsos curtos pela técnica de acoplamento de modos passivos, usando um filme semicondutor de IaGaAs/InP como absorvedor saturável, obtivemos pulsos de 1 ns de duração com potência de pico de ~ 12 W
Abstract: In this work we study the applications of Erbium doped fiber as amplifiers and lasers. As an amplifier, we determined the fiber characteristics which optimize its performance at an optical fiber communication system. We conclude that the fibers should have a small core radius and/or an Erbium distribution confined as close as possible the center of the fiber in order to optimize the overlap between the doped region and the light of the pump and signal. We also conclude that the concentration should be low to prevent cooperative upconversion mechanisms that depopulate the meta stable level reducing the pump efficiency. As a laser, we obtained CW operation at room temperature. The Erbium doped fiber laser, despite its operation as a 3-level system, had a very low threshold pimp power (~20 mW). This is due to the favorable geometry and the high intensity in the core region. Using a multimode Erbium doped fiber, we obtained a high power output of ~500 mW. We also obtained passive and active mode locking operation of the Erbium doped fiber laser. In active mode locking, pulses of 80 psec duration with 03,6 W of peak power were obtained. The passive mode locking operation, using a bulk semiconductor as saturable absorber, generated pulses of 1 nsec of duration with peak power of ~12 W
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
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Teodoro, Junior Jose. "Fluorescência do íon Er3+ em AlCl3 monocristalino." [s.n.], 1990. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278075.
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Orientador: Jose Antonio SanjurjoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Usando espectroscopia de luminescência excitada por laser em amostras de Er9+:AlCl3 monocristalinas foram determinados os desdobramentos de campo cristalino nos termos 4S3/2, 2H11/2, 4F9/2 e 4I15/2 ( estado fundamental ). As transições fluorescentes correspondentes aos níveis das configurações 4S3/2 ® 4I15/2 permitiram determinar os parâmetros de campo cristalino para o hamiltoniano de spin quase-cúbico proposto. As medidas de ESR sobre as amostras à baixa temperatura confirmam a natureza do estado fundamental no multipleto 4I15/2 determinado pelos espectros de luminescência. É observada a desexcitação não radiativa da transição 2H11/2 ® 4I15/2 transferindo intensidade para a transição 4S3/2 ® 4I15/2 por emissão de fonons ópticos. A realização deste trabalho foi motivada pela possibilidade de introduzir moléculas de Er3+:AlCl3 como impurezas nos Compostos de Grafite Intercalados ( GIC's ) para obter informações sobre os mecanismos de transição de fase destes compostos a partir da modificação do "splitting" de campo cristalino pelas camadas de grafite
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
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Cruz, Gerson Kniphoff da. "Propriedades óticas do íon Er3+ em Y2BaZnO5." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-31032015-161954/.
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A família de óxidos Re2BaCuO5 (Re = Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu e Y) é freqüentemente encontrada como impureza na síntese dos supercondutores óxidos de alta temperatura (ReBa2Cu3O7-x). Uma família isoestrututal a essa é a família de óxidos Re2BaZnO5. Em ambos os casos, uma série de estudos têm sido realizados em espectroscopia ótica. No entanto, nenhuma atenção especial é dada ao íon Er3+ como dopante desses óxidos. Nesta tese foi promovida com sucesso, através de medidas de absorção, luminescência e tempos de vida de estados excitados dos multipletos 4S3/2 e 4F9/2 de excitação seletiva de sítio do multipleto 4S3/2 completa identificação experimental dos níveis de energia do multipleto excitado (4S3/2) e fundamental (4I15/2), do íon Er3+, na amostra de (Er0.05Y0.95)2BaZnO5. Os resultados obtidos e aqui apresentados são inéditos e mostram a existência de comunicação, por transferência de energia, entre os dois sítios presentes no materialThe family of oxides Re2BaCuO5 (Re = Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y) have been found very often as impurities in the synthesis of high temperature superconducting RBa2Cu3O7-x oxides. The family of oxides Re2BaZnO5 is isostructural to the first one. In both cases, optical spectroscopy had been applied to the study of them Some works had been published in both cases but no attention has been given to erbium as dopant of these oxides. In this work we successfully carried out the experimental identification of the fundamental (4I15/2) and the excited (4S3/2) configurations of the erbium ion in (Er0.05Y0.95)2BaZnO5. This identification had been made with absorption, luminescence and time decay measurement of the 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 multipletes and site selective excitation of the 4S3/2 multiplete. These results are original and show the energy transference between two different sites in the material
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Lacot, Eric. "Dynamique d'un laser à fibre dopée Er3+." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10202.
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La dynamique d'un laser a fibre dopee er#3#+ a ete analysee aussi bien en regime de pompage continu qu'en regime de pompage module. En pompage continu, lorsque l'on augmente la puissance de pompe, le laser atteint un second seuil et une bifurcation de hopf apparait menant le laser d'un regime de fonctionnement continu a un regime de fonctionnement pulse. Une etude de l'influence des parametres aussi bien intrinseques (dopage, longueur,. . . ) que extrinseques (pompage, cavite,. . . ) nous a permis de determiner dans un espace de parametres propres au laser la frontiere entre les differents regimes de fonctionnement. Nous avons aussi pu observer, aussi bien en regime de fonctionnement continu qu'en regime de fonctionnement pulse, que le comportement transitoire de l'intensite totale du laser est en fait la somme des comportements transitoires de deux etats orthogonaux de polarisation. En regime transitoire (reponse a un pompage en echelon) le laser a fibre presente des oscillations de relaxation. C'est en modulant la puissance de pompe de maniere sinusoidale au voisinage de la frequence de relaxation que nous avons pu observer dans le comportement dynamique du laser a fibre une cascade de doublement de periodes conduisant a un fonctionnement chaotique. Nous avons developpe un modele semi-classique decrivant de la dynamique du laser a fibre dopee. Cette dynamique est parfaitement decrite par un modele de deux lasers couples pompes de maniere coherente. La transition entre le regime continu et le regime pulse est bien decrite ainsi que les deux etats propres de polarisation et le comportement chaotique
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Van, der Pol Johannes. "Social network of firms, innovation and industrial performance." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0207/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de répondre à trois questions principales ; commentexpliquer et interpréter un réseau de collaboration, est-ce que des firmes avec une positionparticulière dans un réseau bénéficient d’une performance accrue et enfin, existe-t-il desstructures de réseaux qui favorisent l’innovation ?Pour répondre à ces questions, la thèse est organisée en trois parties. La première partieprésente, dans un premier chapitre, une revue analytique de la littérature suivie d’un chapitrequi présente la théorie derrière une des méthodes d’analyse réseau utilisée dans cette thèse :les Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM).La seconde partie présente trois analyses empiriques. Le premier chapitre empirique analysel’impact du cycle de vie de la technologie sur la dynamique du réseau de collaboration autourdes composites structuraux en aéronautique. Les deux chapitres suivants se concentrent sursecteur aéronautique et le secteur des biotechnologies respectivement. L’objectif de ceschapitres est d’analyser la dynamique structurelle et d’identifier s’il existe un lien entreposition dans le réseau et la performance de la firme.La dernière partie cherche à identifier des structures de réseaux qui favorisent l’innovation.Un modèle à base d’agents (ABM) est proposé pour répondre à cette questionThis thesis aims to answer three main questions ; how can one explain andinterpret the structure of an innovation network, are there positions in a network which allowfor an increased performance for firms and finally, are there network structures which favourinnovation ? In order to answer these questions, the thesis is organised in three parts.The first part presents, in a first chapter, an analytical review of the literature followed by achapter presenting the theory behind one of the network analysis methods: ExponentialRandom Graph Models (ERGM).The second part of the thesis presents three empirical analyses. The first empirical chapteranalyses the impact of the life-cycle of the technology on the structural dynamics of thecollaboration network for Structural Composite Materials. The following two chapters focuson two sectors, the aerospace and biotech sector. The aim of these chapters is to analyse thestructural dynamics of collaboration networks as well as identifying a link between networkposition and firm performance.The third and final part of this thesis searches for network structures which might favourinnovation. An Agent-Based Model is used to answer this final question
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Walters, Nicole. "The F-box protein FBW7 negatively regulates the stability of ERK3 protein." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright162799115780191.
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Švedaitė, Ramunė. "Jus cogens normų ir įsipareigojimų erga omnes koncepcijos šiuolaikinėje tarptautinėje teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20101124_204100-50851.
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Ius cogens normos – tai bendrosios tarptautinės teisės imperatyvinės normos, išreiškiančios svarbiausius tarptautinės teisės principus, tokius kaip: esminės žmogaus teisės, visuotinai pripažinti tarptautinės humanitarinės teisės principai, kurių valstybės negali nesilaikyti. Bendrosios tarptautinės teisės imperatyvinės normų egzistavimo būtinosios sąlygos yra valstybių bendrijos pripažinimas normomis. Nuo tokio pobūdžio normų nėra leidžiami absoliučiai jokie nukrypimai, tokio pobūdžio norma gali būti pakeista tik vėlesne tokio paties pobūdžio bendrosios tarptautinės teisės norma. Tuo tarpu, erga omnes įsipareigojimai – tai tokie valstybių veikimo bei rezultato įsipareigojimai prieš visą tarptautinę bendriją, kurie yra susiję su apsauga teisių, dėl kurių pobūdžio visos valstybės gali būti laikomos teisiškai suinteresuotomis jų užtikrinimu ir kurių pažeidimas suteikia teisę kitoms valstybėms kreiptis į Tarptautinį Teisingumo Teismą, reikalaujant atsakomybės. Šių dviejų koncepcijų sąveikos ryšys slypi visuotiniame pripažinime tarptautinės teisės sistemoje, jog visos ius cogens normos nustato įsipareigojimus erga omnes, tačiau ne visi įsipareigojimai erga omnes yra kilę iš ius cogens normų. Šių koncepcijų egzistavimo pripažinimas darė teigiamą įtaką tarptautinės teisės subjektų teisinio statuso vystymesi (ypač asmenų tarptautinio teisinio subjektiškumo pripažinimui), teigiamą įtaką nacionalinei teisei (universalios nacionalinių teismų jurisdikcijos vystymuisi, nacionalinių teisės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Les normes ius cogens sont les normes impératives du droit international général, énonçant les principes fondamentaux du droit international, comme par exemple, les droits fondamentaux, les principes généraux du droit humanitare, dont les Etats ne peuvent pas déroger. Les conditions principales à l`existence des normes impératives du droit international général sont, la reconnaissance venant de toute la communauté des Etats dans son ensemble , en tant que norme à laquelle aucune dérogation n`est permise et qui ne peut être modifiée que par une nouvelle norme du droit international général ayant le même caractère. Alors que les obligations erga omnes sont des obligations des Etats, du moyen ou du résultat, vis à vis de toute la communauté internationale, qui sont liées à la protection des droits, et vu l`importance des droits en cause, tous les Etats peuvent être considérés comme ayant un intérêt juridique à ce que ces droits soient protégés et la violation de ces obligations autorise tous les Etats à agir devant la Cour Internacionale de Justice. Le lien réciproque de ces deux conceptions réside dans le fait que toutes les normes ius cogens donnent naissance aux obligations erga omnes, pourtant pas toutes les obligations erga omnes résultent des normes ius cogens. La reconnaissance de l`existence de ces conceptions particulières constitue une bonne influence au developpement de statuts des sujets du droit... [to full text]
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Andersson, Ann-Catrin. "Studies on Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) with Special Focus on ERV3." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5342-2/.
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Dudziak, Tomasz. "High temperature corrosion studies and interdiffusion modelling in TiAl based alloys coated with high performance surface layers." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1880/.
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This work forms a part of a large EU project (InnovaTiAl) designed to increase the service temperature (up to 1273 K) of TiAl based intermetallics (Ti45Al8Nb) coated with high performance surface layers for applications in power generation and also in aerospace components. In this thesis the high temperature corrosion behaviour of some of these newly developed high performance coatings deposited on Ti45Al8Nb alloys using UBM and HIPIMS/UBM has been studied. The coatings studied included intermetallic coatings: TiAlCr, TiAlCrY, Al2Au, and ceramic coatings: CrAl2%YN, TiAlYN/CrN+Al2O3, TiAlN+Al2O3, CrAlYN/CrN+CrAlYON coated Ti45Al8Nb etched by Cr, CrAlYN/CrN+CrAlYON coated Ti45Al8Nb etched by CrAl, CrAlYN/CrN+CrAlYON coated Ti45Al8Nb etched by Y, CrAlYN/CrN coating Y etch, CrAl (thin), CrAlYN/CrN coating Cr etch, CrAl (thin), CrAlYN/CrN coating, Y etch, CrAlY (thick) coated Ti45Al8Nb. High temperature corrosion investigations were carried out by the exposing the coated materials in oxidising (static air, pO2 = 21278.25 Pa), sulphidising (pS2 = 10-1 Pa, and pO2 = 10-18 Pa) and hot corrosion (20%NaCl/80%Na2SO4) environments at temperatures range 1023 – 1223 K. The long term oxidation studies have been performed up to 5000 hours at 1023 K. Weight change data have been used to determine the corrosion kinetics. SEM studies have provided information on morphology; EDS analyses have given the information on concentration profiles and phase contents have been obtained by XRD analyses. The excellent high temperature oxidation resistance has been achieved for the CrAl2%YN coating at temperature rage 1023 – 1123 K for 500 hours. Also TiAlCr and TiAlCrY have shown moderate degree of corrosion resistance in oxidising environment after 500 hours of exposure at temperature range 1023 – 1223 K. The sulphidation experiments for 1000 and 675 hours at 1023 K and 1123 K respectively showed that the uncoated material developed a multilayered thick scale with poor resistance to sulphidation. The ceramic coatings developed a good protective Al2O3/Cr2O3 on places where the coatings remained intact and did not undergo cracking. However due to the cracks in the top coat, the development of non protective TiO2 occurred at 1023 and 1123 K. Hot corrosion studies performed at 1023 K for 150 hours under this thesis showed that all exposed materials (CrAl2%YN, TiAlN+Al2O3, and TiAlYN/CrN+Al2O3) suffered uneven attacks (crack formation, spallation, and the lack of Al2O3 formation). Interdiffusion studies of mass transport have been performed by GDM on TiAlCrY coated alloy after 500 hours oxidation at 1023 and 1123 K. A reasonable degree of agreement between the experimental and the simulated profiles has been achieved.
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Åkerblom, Hanna. "Retinal morphology and function in prematurely-born children at school age." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247946.
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Preterm birth may lead to complications during the neonatal period that can cause visual dysfunctions. Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and neurological complications are well known reasons for visual dysfunctions, but preterm children with no or only mild ROP and no evident neurological problems may also be affected visually when they grow up. Retinal development starts early after gestation and continues long after birth. Major processes are underway during the second half of pregnancy when preterm children are born, and a preterm birth could possibly have a negative effect on normal retinal development. The aims of the studies were to evaluate retinal morphology and function in former preterm children and compare the results with children born at term. Former preterm children aged 5 to 17 years and born in a gestational age (GA) of 32 weeks or less were included in the different study groups. Children of similar ages who were born at term and with normal visual acuity (VA) acted as controls. Best corrected VA and refraction in cycloplegia were assessed in all children. Macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured with optical coherent tomography (OCT). Total retinal function was assessed with fullfield electroretinography (ffERG) and central macular function was assessed with multifocal electroretinography (mfERG). Preterm children had thicker central maculae than controls. There was a positive correlation between central macular thickness and GA at birth. RNFL thickness was reduced in the preterm children with severe ROP and treated ROP, but children with mild or no ROP did not differ from the fullterm children. The photoreceptor function measured with ffERG and the macular function measured with mfERG were reduced in the preterm group compared to controls. Preterm birth affects the retina both morphologically and functionally, and ROP has been suggested to be a reason for retinal changes. However, the results of this thesis indicate that children with no ROP also have retinal changes, suggesting an effect of prematurity itself. There were no correlations between any retinal changes and VA, but it is possible that larger studies using improved techniques may elucidate this further.
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Font, Tello Alba 1990. "ERG rearrangements and PTEN loss in prostate cancer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460880.
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Prostate cancer (PrCa) is a highly heterogeneous disease and its prognosis, diagnosis and management are still controversial. ERG rearrangements and PTEN loss are frequent and concomitant events in a subset of PrCa.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the potential use of TMPRSS2-ERG and SLC45A3-ERG rearrangements, along with ERG and PTEN expression in the stratification and prognosis of PrCa patients.
TMPRSS2-ERG and ERG mRNA overexpression levels are related to a more aggressive phenotype and could be useful PrCa progression markers. Single TMPRSS2-ERG is associated with low grade PrCa and subsequent development of SLC45A3-ERG results in higher ERG expression. The triple hit (TMPRSS2-ERG, SLC45A3-ERG and PTEN loss) is not found in low grade nor low stage tumor, it is associated with Gleason pattern 4 and T3-4 stage and it defines a group of tumors that should be excluded from watchful waiting and are candidates for intense therapy.El càncer de pròstata (CaPr) és una malaltia altament heterogènia i el seu pronòstic, diagnòstic i gestió són polèmiques. Els reordenaments d’ERG i la pèrdua de PTEN són esdeveniments freqüents i concomitants en un subconjunt de CaPr. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és analitzar l'ús potencial dels reordenaments TMPRSS2-ERG i SLC45A3-ERG, juntament amb l'expressió d'ERG i PTEN en l'estratificació i pronòstic dels pacients amb CaPr. Nivells de sobreexpressió de TMPRSS2-ERG i ERG estan relacionats amb un fenotip més agressiu i podrien ser útils marcadors de progressió del CaPr. TMPRSS2-ERG s'associa amb CaPr de baix grau i el posterior desenvolupament de SLC45A3-ERG causa una major expressió d’ERG. El “triple hit” (TMPRSS2-ERG, SLC45A3-ERG i pèrdua de PTEN) no es troba en tumors de baix grau i estadi, s'associa amb patró 4 de Gleason i estadis T3-4, i defineix un grup de tumors que són candidats a teràpia intensa i s'han d'excloure d’espera en observació
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Dorfling, Pieter Stephanus. "Uitkomsgebaseerde onderwys vir leerders met verstandelik erg-gestremdheid." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17746.
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Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since 2001 an inclusive approach is being followed in education in South Africa. According to this approach all learners must be taught in one education system and according to the same curriculum, namely the National Curriculum Statement Grades R to 9 (Schools). To ensure that this outcomes-based curriculum is relevant and effective in the teaching of learners with a severe intellectual disability, it is important to evaluate the curriculum and to adapt it if necessary. Learners with a severe intellectual disability form a distinctive educational community marked by their high need for continuous support, specific educational strategies and appropriate learning content. In the past, these learners received their education outside the mainstream of education according to an own, appropriate curriculum. However, since 2004 they have been required to receive their education according to the National Curriculum Statement Grades R to 9 (Schools). The aim of this research was to establish the effectiveness and relevance of the National Curriculum Statement Grades R to 9 (Schools) in the education of learners with a severe intellectual disability. A mixed-method research design, which included a literature survey, an empirical, as well as focus group interviews, was applied. By means of the literature survey, the demands were determined that are made on the curriculum by learners with a severe intellectual disability, their parents, the community, and the work community. The demands that educators make on the curriculum were determined by means of an empirical survey. This survey revealed that outcomes-based education is not generally implemented in the 21 schools included in this study. These findings formed the basis on which curriculum evaluation criteria were developed and according to which the National Curriculum Statement Grades R to 9 (Schools) was evaluated. By applying these criteria it was established that in some instances the National Curriculum Statement Grades R to 9 (Schools) does not comply with the demands of the determinants. The deduction could however be made that the National Curriculum Statement Grades R to 9 (Schools) has sufficient adaptable built-in features to be effective and relevant for learners with a severe intellectual disability. Recommendations were made on how best to make the necessary adaptations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid-Afrika word sedert 2001 'n meer inklusiewe benadering tot onderrig gevolg. Hiervolgens moet alle leerders binne een onderwysstelsel volgens een kurrikulum, naamlik die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring Graad R tot 9 (Skole), onderrig word. Ten einde te verseker dat hierdie uitkomsgebaseerde kurrikulum relevant en doeltreffend is in die onderrig van leerders met verstandelik erg-gestremdheid is dit noodsaaklik om die kurrikulum te evalueer en dienooreenkomstig die bevindinge aan te pas, indien nodig. Leerders met verstandelik erg-gestremdheid vorm vanweë hul intellektuele vermoëns 'n duidelik herkenbare onderwysgemeenskap wat gekenmerk word deur hul behoefte aan deurlopende ondersteuning, spesifieke onderrigstrategieë en toepaslike leerinhoude. In die verlede het hul onderrig buite die hoofstroomonderwys geskied aan die hand van 'n eie, toepaslike kurrikulum, maar sedert 2004 moet hul onderrig ook volgens die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring Graad R tot 9 (Skole) geskied. Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om die doeltreffendheid en relevansie van die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring Graad R tot 9 (Skole) vir leerders met verstandelik erg-gestremdheid te bepaal. 'n Gemengde-navorsingsmetode-ontwerp wat 'n literatuuroorsig, 'n meningsopname asook fokusgroep-onderhoude ingesluit het, is gevolg. By wyse van die literatuurondersoek is die eise bepaal wat leerders met verstandelik erg-gestremdheid, hul ouers, die gemeenskap, en die werkgemeenskap aan die kurrikulum vir leerders met verstandelik erg-gestremdheid stel. Die eise wat opvoeders stel is deur middel van 'n empiriese ondersoek bepaal en dui aan dat uitkomsgebaseerde onderrig nie algemeen aangewend word in die 21 skole in die ondersoek nie. Aan die hand van hierdie bevindinge is kurrikulumevalueringskriteria ontwikkel waarmee die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring Graad R tot 9 (Skole) geëvalueer is. By die toepassing van die kriteria is gevind dat die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring Graad R tot 9 (Skole) in sekere opsigte nie behoorlik aan die eise van die determinante voldoen nie. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat die Nasionale Kurrikulumverklaring Graad R tot 9 (Skole) egter genoeg aanpasbaarheidselemente het om doeltreffend en relevant te wees vir leerders met verstandelik erggestremdheid. Aanbevelings is gedoen oor hoe die aanpassings gemaak kan word.
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Tuusa, J. (Jussi). "Transkriptiotekijöiden sitoutumiskohtien laskennallisesta määrittämisestä:ETS-faktorit ERG ja SPDEF." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201305131259.
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Tässä opinnäytetyössä tarkasteltiin ja sovellettiin laskennallisia menetelmiä transkriptiotekijöiden (TF) sitoutumiskohtien (TFBS) määrittämiseen. TF:t ovat geenien säätelyyn osallistuvia proteiineja, jotka tunnistavat spesifisen nukleotidijärjestyksen sisältävän DNA-jakson eli TFBS:n sitoutuen siihen. Saman TF:n eri TFBS:t eivät ole identtisiä, vaan ainoastaan samankaltaisia. Laskennallisten menetelmät perustuvat malleihin, joissa DNA:n rakenneosasten eli nukleotidien esiintyminen kussakin TFBS:n paikassa noudattaa jotakin todennäköisyysjakaumaa. Opinnäytetyö jakaantuu kirjallisuus- ja soveltavaan osaan. Ensimmäisessä luodaan yleiskatsaus tutkimusaiheen biologiseen taustaan, esitetään aiheen kannalta keskeisiä matemaattisia määritelmiä ja kaavoja sekä perehdytään erilaisiin TFBS-määrittelyihin, kuten konsensussekvenssi, paikkapainomatriisi (PWM) ja Markov-matriisimallit. TFBS-määrittelyn löytämiseksi kehitetyistä algoritmeista esitellään MEME-menetelmä. Toiseksi kuvataan pistemääräfunktio, jonka avulla etsitään uusia sitoutumiskohtia tunnetun TFBS-määrittelyn avulla ja jota hyödynnetään sovelletun osan MATCH-algoritmissa. Esimerkkinä laskennallisten menetelmien matemaattisesta pätevyydestä esitetään MEME-menetelmän käyttämän EM-(odotusarvo-maksimointi)-algoritmin suppenemistarkastelu todistuksineen. Tämän tarkastelun päälähde on ’Wu, C. (1983) On the Convergence Properties of the EM Algorithm. The Annals of Statistics, 11: 95–103.’ Tutkielman soveltavassa osassa tutkittiin MATCH-algoritmin käyttökelpoisuutta paikannettaessa ETS-transkriptiotekijöiden ERG ja SPDEF sitoutumiskohtia joukosta kromosomaalisia DNA-sekvenssejä, joiden tiedettiin sitovan kyseisiä transkriptiotekijöitä ihmisen eturauhassyöpäsoluissa CHIP-seq-analyysin perusteella (Wei et al.(2010), EMBO J., 29: 2147–2160.) MATCH-algoritmi perustuu oletukseen TFBS:n nukleotidien multinomisesta ja toisistaan riippumattomasta jakaantumisesta. Tri Gonghong Wei ystävällisesti auttoi algoritmissa käytettyjen, alunperin MEME-algoritmilla in vitro (koeputki) -sidontakokeiden tuloksista määritettyjen PWM-matriisien hankkimisessa. Datan analyysissä käytetyt skriptit ja funktiot laadittiin itse Matlab-ympäristössä. Olennaisena osana tähän kuului MATCH-algoritmin lisäksi permutaatioanalyysi, jonka avulla arvioitiin löydettyjen TFBS-kandidaattien tilastollista merkitsevyyttä. Tutkimuksessa analysoitiin 195 ERG-tekijän ja 193 SPDEF-tekijän sitomaa sekvenssiä analysoimalla DNA:n kumpikin juoste erikseeen. Tilastollisesti merkitseviä ERG-TFBS:iä löydettiin vain kaksi ja SPDEF-TFBS:iä viisi kappaletta kaikki eri sekvensseistä. Kun ERG-sekvenssien analyysissä käytettiin in vitro -sidontakokeista saadun PWM:n sijasta in vivo (solussa tapahtuva) -määritettyä edellisestä hieman poikkeavaa PWM:ää, tilastollisesti merkitseviä TFBS-kandidaatteja löydettiin 50 sekvenssistä yhteensä 58 kappaletta. ETS-transkriptiotekijöiden sitomat DNA-sekvenssit sisältävät ainoastaan viiden nukleotidin mittaisen (C/A)GGA(A/T) -ydinjakson, joka on yhteinen suurimmalle osalle näiden proteiinien sitoutumiskohtia. Koska käytetyssä mallissa oletettiin nukleotidien esiintymisen todennäköisyysjakauma riippumattomaksi ympäröivistä nukleotideista, on ymmärrettävää, että MATCH-algoritmi tuottaa tilastollisesti merkitseviä löydöksiä vain, jos kohdesekvenssi on hyvin lähellä PWM-matriisin määräämää konsensussekvenssiä. Tällöin menetetään TFBS- kandidaatit, joissa ydinjakson ulkopuolisten nukleotidien yhteisesiintyminen puhtaasti sattumalta on epätodennäköistä, vaikka erillisinä tapahtumina, riippumattomuusoletuksen vallitessa, esiintyminen ei poikkea tilastollisesti merkitsevästi taustasta. Täten tämä tutkimus vahvistaa käsitystä, että uusia TFBS-kandidaatteja etsittäessä olisi syytä käyttää malleja, jotka sallivat riippuvuuden TFBS:n eri nukleotidipaikkojen välilläThe computational methods used in the analysis of transcription factor binding sites were reviewed and utilized in this Pro gradu thesis. Transcription factors (TF) are proteins that regulate the activity of genes. They bind specific DNA sequences, hereafter transcription factor binding sites (TFBS), which share the similar but usually not identical sequences of DNA building block nucleotides. Computational methods are based on models, where the presence of certain nucleotide at the specific position of the TFBS obeys some probability distribution. The thesis consists of a literature review and an applied study. First, a general review of biological background and key mathematical definitions and formulas are given. Secondly, different TFBS definitions like a consensus sequence, a position weight matrix (PWM) and markovian matrix models are presented. MEME is described as an example of an algorithm for extracting matrix form TFBS definition from DNA sequences which are known to bind a specific transcription factor. The solidity of the mathematical basis of MEME is illustrated by showing the proof for the convergence of the EM-algorithm used in MEME. Finally the principles of using a scoring function in the search of novel TFBS are presented. In the applied part of this thesis, the MATCH algorithm is used in the search for human ERG and SPDEF transcription factor binding sites in chromosomal DNA. The analysed sequences come from CHIP-seq analysis (Wei et al.(2010), EMBO J., 29: 2147–2160.) which represent real binding events in human cells. The MATCH algorithm is based on the assumption of independent and multinomial distribution of nucleotides in each TFBS position. Dr Gonghong Wei kindly helped to access the ERG and SPDEF specific PWMs used in this study. These PWMs have been produced by the MEME analysis of in vitro binding data. All the scripts and functions used in the data analysis were written in Matlab environment. In addition to the MATCH algorithm, the permutation analysis was compiled and used to estimate the statistical significance of found TFBS candidates. Altogether 195 ERG specific and 193 SPDEF specific sequences were analysed (both strands). Only two ERG TFBSs and five SPDEF TFBSs were found with statistical significance. When the in vitro PWM was replaced with an in vivo PWM which originated from CHIP-seq analysis, the analysis of ERG specific sequences provided 58 TFBS from 50 different sequences. The poor efficiency of the MATCH algorithm is obviously a consequence from the pre-assumptions of the algorithm. In contrast to the independent distribution of nucleotides postulated in the MATCH algorithm, the binding specificities of ETS-factors are likely dependent on the co-presence of multiple nucleotides. Therefore, models which take account the dependence between the nucleotide positions in the TFBS, should be preferred in the future analysis
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Leal, Luis Carlos Avila. "Intracavity absorption spectroscopy with Er3+-doped fiber lasers." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7371.
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Mestrado em Engenharia FísicaEspectroscopia de absorção de intracavidade com um laser de banda larga de fibra dopada com Er3+ é aplicada para medidas resolvidas no tempo de moléculas de CO2 revelando informações quantitativas sobre a concentração do gás exalado na respiração humana. A gama espectral das medições estende-se de 1.52 μm – 1.61 μm através da deslocação da lente de intracavidade. Com um laser pulsado aplicado nesta experiência, a sensibilidade à absorção corresponde a um comprimento do percurso de absorção efectiva de 6 km assumindo que a cavidade está completamente preenchida com a amostra. O aumento da sensibilidade é alcançada através da construção de um laser de configuração em anel unidirecional. O comprimento do percurso de absorção efectiva é aumentado por um factor de três comparando com uma configuração linear com o mesmo comprimento da cavidade.
Intracavity absorption spectroscopy with a broadband Er3+-doped fiber laser is applied for time-resolved measurements of CO2 molecules revealing quantitative information about the gas concentration in exhaled human breath. The spectral range of measurements extends from 1.52 to 1.61 μm by moving an intracavity lens. With a pulsed laser applied in this experiment, the sensitivity to absorption corresponds to an effective absorption path length of 6 km assuming the cavity is completely filled with the sample. Sensitivity enhancement is achieved by employing an unidirectional ring laser. The effective absorption path length is enhanced by a factor of three compared to a linear configuration with the same cavity length.
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Ebbeni, May. "Watt-class continuous wave Er3+/Yb3+ fiber amplifier." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13256.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Physics
Brian R. Washburn
Rare-earth doped optical fibers can be used to make optical amplifiers in the near infrared with large optical gain in an all fiber based system. Indeed, erbium doped fibers made gain possible within the 1532 to 1560 nm band which makes long span fiber optical communication systems a possibility. Erbium doped fibers have also been used to make narrow linewidth or mode-locked lasers. Other rare-earth doped fibers can be used for amplifiers in other near-infrared spectral regions. Recently, fiber amplifier technology has been pushed to produce watt level outputs for high power applications such as laser machining. These high power amplifiers make new experiments in ultrafast fiber optics a possibility. This report reviews the current literature on Watt-class continuous wave erbium doped amplifiers and discussed our attempt to develop a high power Yb/Er amplifier. After the design of the cladding pump in 1999, the world’s first single mode fiber laser with a power greater than 100 Watts of the continuous wave light was introduced. After 2002 there was a huge spike in the output powers (up to 2 kW) of lasers based on rare-earth doped fibers. Our own work involved developing a 10 W amplifier at 1532 nm and 1560 nm. A high power amplifier was made by seeding a dual-clad Yb/Er co-doped fiber pumped at 925 nm using a lower power erbium doped fiber amplifier. We will discuss the design and construction of the amplifier, including the technical difficulties for making such an amplifier.
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Sperone, Andrea. "Role of the transcription factor Erg in inflammation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6958.
Full textAbstract:
Pro-inflammatory and atherogenic stimuli up-regulate the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules which support the extravasation of leukocytes into the sub-endothelial space. This process drives plaque progression and contributes to its complications. Erg is an ETS transcription factor constitutively expressed in EC which regulates angiogenesis and endothelial homeostasis. Recently, Erg was shown to inhibit endothelial expression of the chemokine IL-8. In EC, Erg expression is down-regulated by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, through a mechanism which appears to involve Erg protein degradation. These data suggest that Erg may be involved in inflammation. To test this hypothesis, I modulated Erg expression in HUVEC by inhibition with antisense or over-expression using adenovirus encoding for Erg (AdErg). Basal ICAM-1 expression was up-regulated following Erg inhibition, and down-regulated by Erg over-expression. Both of these effects were transcriptional, as shown by a luciferase reporter assay. Over-expression of Erg could inhibit TNF-dependent up-regulation of ICAM-1 and ICAM-1 promoter activity. Thus Erg acts as a transcriptional repressor of ICAM-1 expression in resting and activated EC. This pathway involves NF-kB, since both basal and TNF-α-induced NF-kB activity was repressed by AdErg, and Erg over-expression inhibited the TNF-α induction of NF-kB p65 phosphorylation. In vitro, Erg over-expression led to decreased adhesion of leukocytes to TNF-stimulated HUVEC. In vivo, local injection of AdErg in the mouse paw resulted in reduction of TNF-α-induced inflammation. Interestingly, staining of human coronary artery plaques showed that Erg is absent from activated endothelium over the vulnerable region of the plaque. In conclusion, I propose that Erg exerts a protective role in the endothelium by repressing pro- inflammatory signaling and gene expression. These results suggest a novel approach to anti-inflammatory therapies.