Journal articles on the topic 'Erd{\H o}s-Rademacher problem'
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1
Bandura, A. I., T. M. Salo, and O. B. Skaskiv. "Erdős-Macintyre type theorem’s for multiple Dirichlet series: exceptional sets and open problems." Matematychni Studii 58, no. 2 (January 23, 2023): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ms.58.2.212-221.
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In the paper, we formulate some open problems related to the best description of the values of the exceptional sets in Wiman's inequality for entire functions and in the Erd\H{o}s-Macintyre type theorems for entire multiple Dirichlet series. At the same time, we clarify the statement of one \v{I}.V. Ostrovskii problem on Wiman's inequality. We also prove three propositions and one theorem. On the one hand, in a rather special case, these results give the best possible description of the values of the exceptional set in the Erd\H{o}s-Macintyre-type theorem. On the second hand, they indicate the possible structure of the best possible description in the general case.
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Yin, Jianhua, and Guangming Li. "A note on the potential function of an arbitrary graph H." Filomat 34, no. 11 (2020): 3759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2011759y.
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Given a graph H, a graphic sequence ? is potentially H-graphic if there is a realization of ? containing H as a subgraph. In 1991, Erd?s et al. introduced the following problem: determine the minimum even integer ?(H,n) such that each n-term graphic sequence with sum at least ?(H,n) is potentially H-graphic. This problem can be viewed as a ?potential? degree sequence relaxation of the Tur?n problems. Let H be an arbitrary graph of order k. Ferrara et al. [Combinatorica, 36(2016)687-702] established an upper bound on ?(H,n): if ? = ?(n) is an increasing function that tends to infinity with n, then there exists an N = N(?,H) such that ?(H,n)? ?~(H)n + ?(n) for any n ? N, where ?~(H) is a parameter only depending on the graph H. Recently, Yin [European J. Combin., 85(2020)103061] obtained a new upper bound on ?(H,n): there exists an M = M(k,?(H)) such that ?(H,n) ? ?~(H)n + k2-3k+4 for any n ? M. In this paper, we investigate the precise behavior of ?(H,n) for arbitrary H with ?~?(H)+1(H < ?~(H) or??(H)+1(H) ? 2, where ??(H)+1(H) = min{?F)|F is an induced subgraph of H and |V(F)|= ?(H) + 1} and ?~?(H)+1(H) = 2(k-?(H)-1)+??(H)+1(H)-1. Moreover, we also show that ?(H,n) = (k-?(H)-1)(2n-k+?(H))+2 for those H so that ??(H)+1(H) = 1,?~?(H)+1(H)=~?~(H),?~p(H) < ?~(H) for ?(H) + 2 ? p ? k and there is an F < H with |V(F)| = ?(H) + 1 and ?(F) = (12,0?(H)-1).
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Padhi, Seshadev, John R. Graef, and Smita Pati. "Multiple positive solutions for a boundary value problem with nonlinear nonlocal Riemann-Stieltjes integral boundary conditions." Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis 21, no. 3 (June 26, 2018): 716–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fca-2018-0038.
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Abstract In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions to the fractional boundary value problem $$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle D^{\alpha }_{0+}x(t)+q(t)f(t,x(t))=0, \,\, 0\lt t \lt1, \end{array}$$ together with the boundary conditions $$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle x(0)=x^{\prime}(0)= \cdots = x^{(n-2)}(0)=0, D_{0+}^{\beta }x(1)= \int^{1}_{0}h(s,x(s))\,dA(s), \end{array}$$ where n > 2, n – 1 < α ≤ n, β ∈ [1,α – 1], and $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle D^{\alpha }_{0+} \end{array}$ and $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle D^{\beta }_{0+} \end{array}$ are the standard Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives of order α and β, respectively. We consider two different cases: f, h : [0, 1] × R → R, and f, h : [0, 1] × [0, ∞) → [0, ∞). In the first case, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the above problem, and in the second case, we obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of positive solutions of the above problem. We apply a number of different techniques to obtain our results including Schauder’s fixed point theorem, the Leray-Schauder alternative, Krasnosel’skii’s cone expansion and compression theorem, and the Avery-Peterson fixed point theorem. The generality of the Riemann-Stieltjes boundary condition includes many problems studied in the literature. Examples are included to illustrate our findings.
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Kanas, Stanisława, Vali Soltani Masih, and Ali Ebadian. "Coefficients problems for families of holomorphic functions related to hyperbola." Mathematica Slovaca 70, no. 3 (June 25, 2020): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ms-2017-0375.
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AbstractWe consider a family of analytic and normalized functions that are related to the domains ℍ(s), with a right branch of a hyperbolas H(s) as a boundary. The hyperbola H(s) is given by the relation $\begin{array}{} \frac{1}{\rho}=\left( 2\cos\frac{\varphi}{s}\right)^s\quad (0 \lt s\le 1,\, |\varphi| \lt (\pi s)/2). \end{array}$ We mainly study a coefficient problem of the families of functions for which zf′/f or 1 + zf″/f′ map the unit disk onto a subset of ℍ(s) . We find coefficients bounds, solve Fekete-Szegö problem and estimate the Hankel determinant.
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Bartolo, Rossella, Pablo L. De Nápoli, and Addolorata Salvatore. "Infinitely many solutions for non-local problems with broken symmetry." Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 353–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anona-2016-0106.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the existence of solutions of the non-local elliptic problem\left\{\begin{aligned} &\displaystyle(-\Delta)^{s}u\ =\lvert u\rvert^{p-2}u+h(% x)&&\displaystyle\text{in }\Omega,\\ &\displaystyle{u=0}&&\displaystyle\text{on }\mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus\Omega,\end% {aligned}\right.where {s\in(0,1)}, {n>2s}, Ω is an open bounded domain of {\mathbb{R}^{n}} with Lipschitz boundary {\partial\Omega}, {(-\Delta)^{s}} is the non-local Laplacian operator, {2<p<2_{s}^{\ast}} and {h\in L^{2}(\Omega)}. This problem requires the study of the eigenvalue problem related to the fractional Laplace operator, with or without potential.
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Zhao, Xiangqing, and Zhiwei Lv. "Well-posedness of initial value problem of Hirota-Satsuma system in low regularity Sobolev space." AIMS Mathematics 7, no. 4 (2022): 6702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2022374.
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<abstract><p>In this paper, we study the initial value problem of Hirota-Satsuma system:</p> <p><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \begin{equation} \notag \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u_t-\alpha(u_{xxx}+6uu_x) = 2\beta vv_x, & \ x\in {\mathbb{R}}, \ t\ge 0, \\ v_t+v_{xxx}+3uv_x = 0, & x\in {\mathbb{R}}, \ t\ge 0, \\ u(0, x) = \phi(x), \; \; v(0, x) = \psi(x), & x\in {\mathbb{R}}, \end{array} \right. \end{equation} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p> <p>where $ \alpha\in {\mathbb{R}} $, $ \beta\in {\mathbb{R}} $; $ u = u(x, t) $, $ v = v(x, t) $ are real functions. Aided by Fourier restrict norm method, we show that $ \forall s > -\frac 18 $ initial value problem (0.1) is locally well-posed in $ H^s({\mathbb{R}})\times H^{s+1}({\mathbb{R}}) $ which improved the results of <sup>[<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b7">7</xref>]</sup>.</p></abstract>
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Son, Byungjae, and Inbo Sim. "Analysis of positive solutions to one-dimensional generalized double phase problems." Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anona-2022-0240.
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Abstract We study positive solutions to the one-dimensional generalized double phase problems of the form: − ( a ( t ) φ p ( u ′ ) + b ( t ) φ q ( u ′ ) ) ′ = λ h ( t ) f ( u ) , t ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , u ( 0 ) = 0 = u ( 1 ) , \left\{\begin{array}{l}-(a\left(t){\varphi }_{p}\left(u^{\prime} )+b\left(t){\varphi }_{q}\left(u^{\prime} ))^{\prime} =\lambda h\left(t)f\left(u),\hspace{1em}t\in \left(0,1),\\ u\left(0)=0=u\left(1),\end{array}\right. where 1 < p < q < ∞ 1\lt p\lt q\lt \infty , φ m ( s ) ≔ ∣ s ∣ m − 2 s {\varphi }_{m}\left(s):= | s{| }^{m-2}s , a , b ∈ C ( [ 0 , 1 ] , [ 0 , ∞ ) ) a,b\in C\left(\left[0,1],{[}0,\infty )) , h ∈ L 1 ( ( 0 , 1 ) , ( 0 , ∞ ) ) ∩ C ( ( 0 , 1 ) , ( 0 , ∞ ) ) , h\in {L}^{1}\left(\left(0,1),\left(0,\infty ))\cap C\left(\left(0,1),\left(0,\infty )), and f ∈ C ( [ 0 , ∞ ) , R ) f\in C\left({[}0,\infty ),{\mathbb{R}}) is nondecreasing. More precisely, we show various existence results including the existence of at least two or three positive solutions according to the behaviors of f ( s ) f\left(s) near zero and infinity. Both positone (i.e., f ( 0 ) ≥ 0 f\left(0)\ge 0 ) and semipositone (i.e., f ( 0 ) < 0 f\left(0)\lt 0 ) problems are considered, and the results are obtained through the Krasnoselskii-type fixed point theorem. We also apply these results to show the existence of positive radial solutions for high-dimensional generalized double phase problems on the exterior of a ball.
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Tang, Xianhua, and Sitong Chen. "Singularly perturbed Choquard equations with nonlinearity satisfying Berestycki-Lions assumptions." Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 413–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anona-2020-0007.
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Abstract In the present paper, we consider the following singularly perturbed problem: $$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} -\varepsilon^2\triangle u+V(x)u=\varepsilon^{-\alpha}(I_{\alpha}*F(u))f(u), & x\in \mathbb{R}^N; \\ u\in H^1(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{array} \right. \end{array}$$ where ε > 0 is a parameter, N ≥ 3, α ∈ (0, N), F(t) = $\begin{array}{} \int_{0}^{t} \end{array}$f(s)ds and Iα : ℝN → ℝ is the Riesz potential. By introducing some new tricks, we prove that the above problem admits a semiclassical ground state solution (ε ∈ (0, ε0)) and a ground state solution (ε = 1) under the general “Berestycki-Lions assumptions” on the nonlinearity f which are almost necessary, as well as some weak assumptions on the potential V. When ε = 1, our results generalize and improve the ones in [V. Moroz, J. Van Schaftingen, T. Am. Math. Soc. 367 (2015) 6557-6579] and [H. Berestycki, P.L. Lions, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 82 (1983) 313-345] and some other related literature. In particular, we propose a new approach to recover the compactness for a (PS)-sequence, and our approach is useful for many similar problems.
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Giacomoni, Jacques, Tuhina Mukherjee, and Konijeti Sreenadh. "Existence of Three Positive Solutions for a Nonlocal Singular Dirichlet Boundary Problem." Advanced Nonlinear Studies 19, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ans-2018-0011.
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AbstractIn this article, we prove the existence of at least three positive solutions for the following nonlocal singular problem:\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle(-\Delta)^{s}u&\displaystyle=\lambda\frac{% f(u)}{u^{q}},&&\displaystyle u>0\text{ in }\Omega,\\ \displaystyle u&\displaystyle=0&&\displaystyle\phantom{}\text{in }\mathbb{R}^{% n}\setminus\Omega,\end{aligned}\right.where {(-\Delta)^{s}} denotes the fractional Laplace operator for {s\in(0,1)}, {n>2s}, {q\in(0,1)}, {\lambda>0} and Ω is a smooth bounded domain in {\mathbb{R}^{n}}. Here {f:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)} is a continuous nondecreasing map satisfying\lim_{u\to\infty}\frac{f(u)}{u^{q+1}}=0.We show that under certain additional assumptions on f, the above problem possesses at least three distinct solutions for a certain range of λ. We use the method of sub-supersolutions and a critical point theorem by Amann [H. Amann, Fixed point equations and nonlinear eigenvalue problems in ordered Banach spaces, SIAM Rev. 18 1976, 4, 620–709] to prove our results. Moreover, we prove a new existence result for a suitable infinite semipositone nonlocal problem which played a crucial role to obtain our main result and is of independent interest.
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Larsson, Mats. "Dissociative recombination of H 3 + : 10 years in retrospect." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1978 (November 13, 2012): 5118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0020.
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The dissociative recombination of has been an intriguing problem for more than half a century. The early experiments on during the first 20 years were carried out without mass analysis in decaying plasma afterglows, and thus the measured rates pertained to an uncontrolled mixture of and impurity ions. When mass analysis was used, the rate coefficient was determined to be an uneventful value of about 10 −7 cm 3 s −1 , a very common rate coefficient for many molecular ions. But this was not the end of the story, not even the beginning of the end; it marked only the end of the beginning. The story I will tell in this article started about 10 years ago, when the dissociative recombination of was approaching its deepest crisis. Today, owing to an extensive experimental and theoretical effort, the state of affairs has reached a historically unique level of harmony, although there still remains many things to sort out.
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Wei, Liping, and Ruyun Ma. "Global structure of sign-changing solutions for discrete Dirichlet problems." Open Mathematics 18, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 572–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2020-0180.
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Abstract Let T\gt 1 be an integer, {\mathbb{T}}:= {{[}1,T]}_{{\mathbb{Z}}}=\{1,2,\ldots ,T\},\hspace{.0em}\hat{{\mathbb{T}}}:= \{0,1,\ldots ,T+1\} . In this article, we are concerned with the global structure of the set of sign-changing solutions of the discrete second-order boundary value problem \left\{\begin{array}{l}{\mathrm{\Delta}}^{2}u(x-1)+\lambda h(x)f(u(x))=0,\hspace{1em}x\in {\mathbb{T}},\\ u(0)=u(T+1)=0,\end{array}\right. where \lambda \gt 0 is a parameter, f\in C({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}}) satisfies f(0)=0,\hspace{.1em}sf(s)\gt 0 for all s\ne 0 and h:\hat{{\mathbb{T}}}\to {[}0,+\infty ) . By using the directions of a bifurcation, we obtain existence and multiplicity of sign-changing solutions of the above problem for \lambda lying in various intervals in {\mathbb{R}} . Moreover, we point out that these solutions change their sign exactly k-1 times, where k\in \{1,2,\ldots ,T\} .
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Ashyralyev, Allaberen, and Betul Hicdurmaz. "Bounded solutions of second order of accuracy difference schemes for semilinear fractional schrödinger equations." Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis 23, no. 6 (December 16, 2020): 1723–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fca-2020-0086.
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AbstractThe present paper deals with initial value problem (IVP) for semilinear fractional Schrödinger integro-differential equation$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle i\!\frac{du}{dt}+Au = \int\limits_{0}^{t}f\left( s,D_{s}^{\alpha }u(s)\right) ds,\, \, \, 0 \lt t \lt T,\, u\left( 0\right) = 0 \end{array} $$in a Hilbert space H with a self-adjoint positive definite (SAPD) operator A. Stable difference schemes (DSs) have significant interest in investigations of fractional partial differential equations. The main theorem concerns the existence and uniqueness of the uniformly bounded solutions (UBSs) with respect to step time of second order of accuracy DSs for this semilinear fractional Schrödinger differential problem. In practice, existence and uniqueness theorems for a UBS of the one-dimensional initial boundary value problem (BVP) with nonlocal condition and multi-dimensional problem with local condition on the boundary are proved. Numerical results and explanatory illustrations are presented to show the validation of the theoretical results.
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Hu, Die, Peng Jin, and Xianhua Tang. "The existence results for a class of generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation with nonlocal term." Electronic Research Archive 30, no. 5 (2022): 1973–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/era.2022100.
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<abstract><p>In this paper, we discuss the generalized quasilinear Schrödinger equation with nonlocal term:</p> <p><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document} $ \begin{align} -\mathrm{div}(g^{2}(u)\nabla u)+g(u)g'(u)|\nabla u|^{2}+V(x)u = \left(|x|^{-\mu}\ast F(u)\right)f( u),\; \; x\in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;({{\rm{P}}})\end{align} $ \end{document} </tex-math> </disp-formula></p> <p>where $ N\geq 3 $, $ \mu\in(0, N) $, $ g\in \mathbb{C}^{1}(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R}^{+}) $, $ V\in \mathbb{C}^{1}(\mathbb{R}^N, \mathbb{R}) $ and $ f\in \mathbb{C}(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{R}) $. Under some "Berestycki-Lions type conditions" on the nonlinearity $ f $ which are almost necessary, we prove that problem $ (\rm P) $ has a nontrivial solution $ \bar{u}\in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{N}) $ such that $ \bar{v} = G(\bar{u}) $ is a ground state solution of the following problem</p> <p><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE2"> \begin{document} $ \begin{align} - \Delta v+V(x)\frac{G^{-1}(v)}{g(G^{-1}(v))} = \left(|x|^{-\mu}\ast F(G^{-1}(v))\right)f( G^{-1}(v)),\; \; x\in \mathbb{R}^{N}, \;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;({{\rm{\bar P}}})\end{align} $ \end{document} </tex-math> </disp-formula></p> <p>where $ G(t): = \int_{0}^{t} g(s) ds $. We also give a minimax characterization for the ground state solution $ \bar{v} $.</p></abstract>
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Favini, Angelo, Gianluca Mola, and Silvia Romanelli. "Recovering time-dependent diffusion coefficients in a nonautonomous parabolic equation from energy measurements." Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - S 15, no. 6 (2022): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdss.2022017.
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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Let <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \left(H, \langle \cdot, \cdot \rangle \right) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> be a separable Hilbert space and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ A_{i}:D(A_i) \to H $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ i = 1, \cdots, n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>) be a family of nonnegative selfadjoint operators mutually commuting. We study the inverse problem consisting in the identification of the function <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ u:[0, T] \to H $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> time-dependent <i>diffusion coefficients</i> <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ \alpha_{1}, \cdots, \alpha_{n}:[s, T] \to {\mathbb{R}}_+ $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> that fulfill the initial-value problem</p><p style='text-indent:20px;'><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ u'(t) + \alpha_{1}(t) A_{1}u(t) + \cdots + \alpha_{n}(t) A_{n}u(t) = 0, \quad s \leq t \leq T, \quad u(s) = x, $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>and the additional conditions</p><p style='text-indent:20px;'><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE2"> \begin{document}$ \langle A_{1} u(t), u(t)\rangle = \varphi_{1}(t), \quad \cdots \quad, \langle A_{n} u(t), u(t)\rangle = \varphi_{n}(t), \quad s \leq t \leq T. $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>Under suitable assumptions on the operators <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ A_i $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ i = 1, \cdots, n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, on the initial data <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ x\in H $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and on the given functions <inline-formula><tex-math id="M10">\begin{document}$ \varphi_i $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M11">\begin{document}$ i = 1, \cdots, n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, we shall prove that the solution of such a problem exists, is unique and depends continuously on the data. We apply the abstract result to the identification of diffusion coefficients in a heat equation and of the Lamé parameters in an elasticity problem on a plate.</p>
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Muñoz-García, Alexander. "Problema de Cauchy asociado a la ecuación Kdv sobre espacios de Sobolev con peso." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v8n2.74794.
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En este trabajo se aborda, de una forma alternativa a las ideas sugeridas por Fonseca, Linares y Ponce (2015), el buen planteamiento local del problema de Cauchy asociado a la ecuación Korteweg-de Vries\begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{ccc} \partial_t u(x,t) + \partial_x^3u(x,t) + u(x,t)\partial_x u(x,t) =0, & & x,t\in \R. \\ \hspace{54mm}u(x,0)=u_0(x). \end{array} \right.\end{equation*} Con base en la fórmula de Duhamel y utilizando el teorema de puntofijo de Banach se demuestra la existencia y unicidad de solución en un subconjunto del espacio de Sobolev con peso $Z_{s,r}:= H^s(\R)\cap L^2(|x|^rdx)$. Para estafinalidad se emplean estimativas lineales sobre el semigrupo unitario asociado y su derivada de Stein, argumentos similares a las ideas de Kenig, Ponce y Vega y un lema de interpolación de Nahas y Ponce. La dependencia continua del dato inicial $u_0$ se deriva directamente del método empleado.
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Zhou, Shouming, and Shanshan Zheng. "Qualitative analysis for a new generalized 2-component Camassa-Holm system." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S 14, no. 12 (2021): 4659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcdss.2021132.
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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>This paper considers the Cauchy problem for a 2-component Camassa-Holm system</p><p style='text-indent:20px;'><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} m_t = ( u m)_x+ u _xm- v m, \ \ n_t = ( u n)_x+ u _xn+ v n, \end{equation*} $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p><p style='text-indent:20px;'>where <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ n+m = \frac{1}{2}( u _{xx}-4 u ) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ n-m = v _x $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, this model was proposed in [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b2">2</xref>] from a novel method to the Euler-Bernoulli Beam on the basis of an inhomogeneous matrix string problem. The local well-posedness in Sobolev spaces <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ H^s(\mathbb{R})\times H^{s-1}(\mathbb{R}) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> with <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ s>\frac{5}{2} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> of this system was investigated through the Kato's theory, then the blow-up criterion for this system was described by the technique on energy methods. Finally, we established the analyticity in both time and space variables of the solutions for this system with a given analytic initial data.</p>
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Ibrahim, Alaa H. "ENHANCEMENT OF β-GALACTOSIDASE ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IN FERMENTED CAMEL MILK." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 30, no. 4 (May 15, 2018): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2018.v30.i4.1660.
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It is known that, the main problem associated with the production of fermented camel milk is the lower growth rate of lactic acid bacteria which caused many quality problems in the final product. The aim of this research was to enhance of β-galactosidase enzymatic activity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus DSMZ 20081, Streptococcus thermophilus ATCC 19258 and Lactobacillus acidophilus DSMZ 20079 by cell-rupture method to release their intracellular β-galactosidase and used the ruptured cell cultures as the source of the β-galactosidase enzyme. The results show that the bacterial growth rate in fermented camel milk made by using mixed cells of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus and L. acidophilus was 2 h faster than whole cells of the same strains. Moreover, the significant (P<0.05) faster dropping in pH-value to about 4.6 was observed in fermented camel milk made by using mixed cells of S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus it was 4.65±0.02, 4.64±0.01and 4.63±0.01 during 4 h of fermentation time, respectively. Furthermore, the highest significance (P<0.05) activity of β-galactosidase was obtained during 4 h of fermentation in all fermented camel milk made by using mixed cells of L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus it was about 1.97±0.12, 1.77±0.06 and 1.70±0.01 IU/ml, respectively. On the other hand, more rapid and efficient utilization of lactose was observed in fermented camel milk made by using mixed cells of S. thermophilus, L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus during the first 2 h of incubation time and the higher degree of lactose hydrolysis reached the maximum approximately 37.69, 38.39 and 40.56 % at the end of 10h of incubation time, respectively. The present results revealed that enhance of microbial growth rate in fermented camel milk can be simultaneously achieved by a suitable rupture-cell method.
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Hamdani, Mohamed Karim, Nguyen Thanh Chung, and Dušan D. Repovš. "New class of sixth-order nonhomogeneous p(x)-Kirchhoff problems with sign-changing weight functions." Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anona-2020-0172.
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Abstract In this paper, we prove the existence of multiple solutions for the following sixth-order p(x)-Kirchhoff-type problem − M ∫ Ω 1 p ( x ) | ∇ Δ u | p ( x ) d x Δ p ( x ) 3 u = λ f ( x ) | u | q ( x ) − 2 u + g ( x ) | u | r ( x ) − 2 u + h ( x ) in Ω , u = Δ u = Δ 2 u = 0 , on ∂ Ω , $$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \begin{cases} -M\left( \int\limits_{\it\Omega} \frac{1}{p(x)}|\nabla {\it\Delta} u|^{p(x)}dx\right){\it\Delta}^3_{p(x)} u = \lambda f(x)|u|^{q(x)-2}u + g(x)|u|^{r(x)-2}u + h(x) &\mbox{in}\quad {\it\Omega}, \\[0.3em] u = {\it\Delta} u = {\it\Delta}^2 u = 0, \quad &\mbox{on}\quad \partial{\it\Omega}, \end{cases} \end{array}$$ where Ω ⊂ ℝ N is a smooth bounded domain, N > 3 , Δ p ( x ) 3 u := div ( Δ ( | ∇ Δ u | p ( x ) − 2 ∇ Δ u ) ) $\begin{array}{} N \,\,\gt\,\, 3, {\it\Delta}_{p(x)}^3u\,\, : =\,\, \operatorname{div}\Big({\it\Delta}(|\nabla {\it\Delta} u|^{p(x)-2}\nabla {\it\Delta} u)\Big) \end{array}$ is the p(x)-triharmonic operator, p, q, r ∈ C( Ω ), 1 < p(x) < N 3 $\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \frac N3 \end{array}$ for all x ∈ Ω , M(s) = a − bsγ , a, b,γ > 0, λ > 0, g : Ω × ℝ → ℝ is a nonnegative continuous function while f, h : Ω × ℝ → ℝ are sign-changing continuous functions in Ω. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is one of the first contributions to the study of the sixth-order p(x)-Kirchhoff type problems with sign changing Kirchhoff functions.
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CHUNG, JAEYOUNG, and PRASANNA K. SAHOO. "HEAT KERNEL METHOD FOR THE LEVI-CIVITÁ EQUATION IN DISTRIBUTIONS AND HYPERFUNCTIONS." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 92, no. 1 (May 4, 2015): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972715000349.
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Let$G$be a commutative group and$\mathbb{C}$the field of complex numbers,$\mathbb{R}^{+}$the set of positive real numbers and$f,g,h,k:G\times \mathbb{R}^{+}\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$. In this paper, we first consider the Levi-Civitá functional inequality$$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle |f(x+y,t+s)-g(x,t)h(y,s)-k(y,s)|\leq {\rm\Phi}(t,s),\quad x,y\in G,t,s>0, & & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$where${\rm\Phi}:\mathbb{R}^{+}\times \mathbb{R}^{+}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{+}$is a symmetric decreasing function in the sense that${\rm\Phi}(t_{2},s_{2})\leq {\rm\Phi}(t_{1},s_{1})$for all$0<t_{1}\leq t_{2}$and$0<s_{1}\leq s_{2}$. As an application, we solve the Hyers–Ulam stability problem of the Levi-Civitá functional equation$$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle u\circ S-v\otimes w-k\circ {\rm\Pi}\in {\mathcal{D}}_{L^{\infty }}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^{2n})\quad [\text{respectively}\;{\mathcal{A}}_{L^{\infty }}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^{2n})] & & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$in the space of Gelfand hyperfunctions, where$u,v,w,k$are Gelfand hyperfunctions,$S(x,y)=x+y,{\rm\Pi}(x,y)=y,x,y\in \mathbb{R}^{n}$, and$\circ$,$\otimes$,${\mathcal{D}}_{L^{\infty }}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^{2n})$and${\mathcal{A}}_{L^{\infty }}^{\prime }(\mathbb{R}^{2n})$denote pullback, tensor product and the spaces of bounded distributions and bounded hyperfunctions, respectively.
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Taher, Mardeen Sh, and Salah Gazi Shareef. "A New Coefficient of Conjugate Gradient Method with Global Convergence for Unconstrained Optimization Problems." General Letters in Mathematics 11, no. 2 (December 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31559/glm2021.11.2.3.
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In this article, we defined a new coefficient formula of the conjugate gradient method for solving non linear unconstrained optimization problems. The new formula β new k is type of line search and the idea of our work is to focus on modification the Perry’s suggestion. We further show that global convergence result of new formula is recognized under Wolf-Powell line search. It is shown that the new CG coefficient satisfied sufficient descent conditions. In the end, numerical experiments with the collection of test functions show that the new β new k is more effective compared to some other standard formulas such as β H−S k , β Perry k and β D−Y k .
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Tesfahun, Achenef. "Long-time Behavior of Solutions to Cubic Dirac Equation with Hartree Type Nonlinearity in ℝ1+2." International Mathematics Research Notices 2020, no. 19 (September 14, 2018): 6489–538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imrn/rny217.
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Abstract In this paper we study the long-time behavior of solutions to the Dirac equation $$\begin{equation*} \big ( -i\gamma^\mu \partial_\mu + m \big) \psi= \left(V \ast ( \overline \psi \psi)\right) \psi \ \ \textrm{in } \ {\mathbb{R}}^{1+2},\end{equation*}$$where $V$ is the Yukawa potential in ${\mathbb{R}}^{2}$. It is proved that if $m>0$ and the initial data is small in $H^s({\mathbb{R}}^2)$ for $s>0$, the corresponding initial value problem is globally well posed and the solution scatters to free waves asymptotically as $t \rightarrow \pm \infty $. The main ingredients in the proof are Strichartz estimates and space-time $L^2$-bilinear null-form estimates for free waves.
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RAGHAVENDRA, V., and RASMITA KAR. "EXISTENCE OF A WEAK SOLUTION FOR A CLASS OF FRACTIONAL LAPLACIAN EQUATIONS." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 102, no. 3 (September 9, 2016): 392–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s144678871600032x.
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We study the existence of a weak solution of a nonlocal problem$$\begin{eqnarray}\displaystyle & \displaystyle -{\mathcal{L}}_{K}u-\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}ug_{1}+h(u)g_{2}=f\quad \text{in }\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}, & \displaystyle \nonumber\\ \displaystyle & \displaystyle u=0\quad \text{in }\mathbb{R}^{n}\setminus \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}, & \displaystyle \nonumber\end{eqnarray}$$where${\mathcal{L}}_{k}$is a general nonlocal integrodifferential operator of fractional type,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$is a real parameter and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$is an open bounded subset of$\mathbb{R}^{n}$($n>2s$, where$s\in (0,1)$is fixed) with Lipschitz boundary$\unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}$. Here$f,g_{1},g_{2}:\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$and$h:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$are functions satisfying suitable hypotheses.
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Pecher, Hartmut. "Improved well-posedness results for the Maxwell-Klein-Gordon system in 2D." Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis 20, no. 9 (2021): 2965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/cpaa.2021091.
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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>The local well-posedness problem for the Maxwell-Klein-Gordon system in Coulomb gauge as well as Lorenz gauge is treated in two space dimensions for data with minimal regularity assumptions. In the classical case of data in <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>-based Sobolev spaces <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ H^s $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ H^l $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> for the electromagnetic field <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \phi $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and the potential <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ A $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively, the minimal regularity assumptions are <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ s > \frac{1}{2} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M7">\begin{document}$ l > \frac{1}{4} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, which leaves a gap of <inline-formula><tex-math id="M8">\begin{document}$ \frac{1}{2} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M9">\begin{document}$ \frac{1}{4} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> to the critical regularity with respect to scaling <inline-formula><tex-math id="M10">\begin{document}$ s_c = l_c = 0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. This gap can be reduced for data in Fourier-Lebesgue spaces <inline-formula><tex-math id="M11">\begin{document}$ \widehat{H}^{s, r} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M12">\begin{document}$ \widehat{H}^{l, r} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula><tex-math id="M13">\begin{document}$ s> \frac{21}{16} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M14">\begin{document}$ l > \frac{9}{8} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M15">\begin{document}$ r $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> close to <inline-formula><tex-math id="M16">\begin{document}$ 1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, whereas the critical exponents with respect to scaling fulfill <inline-formula><tex-math id="M17">\begin{document}$ s_c \to 1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><tex-math id="M18">\begin{document}$ l_c \to 1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> as <inline-formula><tex-math id="M19">\begin{document}$ r \to 1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>. Here <inline-formula><tex-math id="M20">\begin{document}$ \|f\|_{\widehat{H}^{s, r}} : = \| \langle \xi \rangle^s \tilde{f}\|_{L^{r'}_{\tau \xi}} \, , \, 1 < r \le 2 \, , \, \frac{1}{r}+\frac{1}{r'} = 1 \, . $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> Thus the gap is reduced for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M21">\begin{document}$ \phi $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> as well as <inline-formula><tex-math id="M22">\begin{document}$ A $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> in both gauges.</p>
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Zhang, Limin, Xianhua Tang, and Peng Chen. "On the planar Kirchhoff-type problem involving supercritical exponential growth." Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1412–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anona-2022-0250.
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Abstract This article is concerned with the following nonlinear supercritical elliptic problem: − M ( ‖ ∇ u ‖ 2 2 ) Δ u = f ( x , u ) , in B 1 ( 0 ) , u = 0 , on ∂ B 1 ( 0 ) , \left\{\begin{array}{ll}-M(\Vert \nabla u{\Vert }_{2}^{2})\Delta u=f\left(x,u),& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{B}_{1}\left(0),\\ u=0,& \hspace{0.1em}\text{on}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}\partial {B}_{1}\left(0),\end{array}\right. where B 1 ( 0 ) {B}_{1}\left(0) is the unit ball in R 2 {{\mathbb{R}}}^{2} , M : R + → R + M:{{\mathbb{R}}}^{+}\to {{\mathbb{R}}}^{+} is a Kirchhoff function, and f ( x , t ) f\left(x,t) has supercritical exponential growth on t t , which behaves as exp [ ( β 0 + ∣ x ∣ α ) t 2 ] \exp {[}({\beta }_{0}+| x\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{\alpha }){t}^{2}] and exp ( β 0 t 2 + ∣ x ∣ α ) \exp ({\beta }_{0}{t}^{2+| x{| }^{\alpha }}) with β 0 {\beta }_{0} , α > 0 \alpha \gt 0 . Based on a deep analysis and some detailed estimate, we obtain Nehari-type ground state solutions for the above problem by variational method. Moreover, we can determine a fine upper bound for the minimax level under weaker assumption on liminf t → ∞ t f ( x , t ) exp [ ( β 0 + ∣ x ∣ α ) t 2 ] {\mathrm{liminf}}_{t\to \infty }\frac{tf\left(x,t)}{\exp {[}({\beta }_{0}+| \hspace{-0.25em}x\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{\alpha }){t}^{2}]} and liminf t → ∞ t f ( x , t ) exp ( β 0 t 2 + ∣ x ∣ α ) {\mathrm{liminf}}_{t\to \infty }\frac{tf\left(x,t)}{\exp ({\beta }_{0}{t}^{2+| x{| }^{\alpha }})} , respectively. Our results generalize and improve the ones in G. M. Figueiredo and U. B. Severo (Ground state solution for a Kirchhoff problem with exponential critical growth, Milan J. Math. 84 (2016), no. 1, 23–39.) and Q. A. Ngó and V. H. Nguyen (Supercritical Moser-Trudinger inequalities and related elliptic problems, Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 59 (2020), no. 2, Paper No. 69, 30.) for M ( t ) = 1 M(t)=1 . In particular, if the weighted term ∣ x ∣ α | x\hspace{-0.25em}{| }^{\alpha } is vanishing, we can obtain the ones in S. T. Chen, X. H. Tang, and J. Y. Wei (2021) (Improved results on planar Kirchhoff-type elliptic problems with critical exponential growth, Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 72 (2021), no. 1, Paper No. 38, Theorem 1.3 and Theorem 1.4) immediately.
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Haas, Emily J., Brianna Eiter, Cassandra Hoebbel, and Margaret E. Ryan. "The Impact of Job, Site, and Industry Experience on Worker Health and Safety." Safety 5, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety5010016.
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A debate exists about the impact of mineworker experience on health and safety (H&S). Studies often assert that length of time on the job (tenure) is negatively associated with accidents (i.e., new employees have a higher accident rate). However, inferences are all made based on reported incidents, whereas we know that underreporting is a problem in high-risk occupations. To that end, this study sought to examine how worker experience may impact a variety of H&S outcomes on the job. Comprised of three separate case studies with different H&S outcome variables, researchers broke down the results of several data sets that were collected from 3400 miners who worked in either underground coal, surface sand, stone, and gravel, or metal/non-metal to reveal any underlying trends among differing levels of experience on a specific job, with a specific company, and in the mining industry. Each case study is described in turn, using Kruskall-Wallis tests to determine the impact miners’ experience on hazard recognition accuracy (Case 1), self-escape confidence (Case 2), and safety compliance (Case 3). The results show that workers with more job experience possess higher levels of perceived health and safety skills, including the identification of hazards on the job. We discuss the impact of experience on several predictors of incidents, including perceived job knowledge and hazard identification, and perceived compliance on the job. Practitioners can expect to gain a greater understanding of their workforce, including actual differences and similarities to consider, when communicating pieces of their health and safety management system to training workers of all experience levels.
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Oparnica, Ljubica, and Endre Süli. "Well-posedness of the fractional Zener wave equation for heterogeneous viscoelastic materials." Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis 23, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 126–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fca-2020-0005.
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AbstractZener’s model for viscoelastic solids replaces Hooke’s law σ = 2με(u) + λ tr(ε(u)) I, relating the stress tensor σ to the strain tensor ε(u), where u is the displacement vector, μ > 0 is the shear modulus, and λ ≥ 0 is the first Lamé coefficient, with the constitutive law (1 + τDt) σ = (1 + ρDt)[2με(u) + λ tr(ε(u)) I], where τ > 0 is the characteristic relaxation time and ρ ≥ τ is the characteristic retardation time. It is the simplest model that predicts creep/recovery and stress relaxation phenomena. We explore the well-posedness of the fractional version of the model, where the first-order time-derivative Dt in the constitutive law is replaced by the Caputo time-derivative $\begin{array}{} D_t^\alpha \end{array} $ with α ∈ (0, 1), μ, λ belong to L∞(Ω), μ is bounded below by a positive constant and λ is nonnegative. We show that, when coupled with the equation of motion ϱü = Div σ + f, considered in a bounded open Lipschitz domain Ω in ℝ3 and over a time interval (0, T], where ϱ ∈ L∞(Ω) is the density of the material, assumed to be bounded below by a positive constant, and f is a specified load vector, the resulting model is well-posed in the sense that the associated initial-boundary-value problem, with initial conditions u(0, x) = g(x), u̇(0, x) = h(x), σ(0, x) = S(x), for x ∈ Ω, and a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, possesses a unique weak solution for any choice of g ∈ [$\begin{array}{} \mathrm{H}^1_0 \end{array} $(Ω)]3, h ∈ [L2(Ω)]3, and S = ST ∈ [L2(Ω)]3×3, and any load vector f ∈ L2(0, T; [L2(Ω)]3), and that this unique weak solution depends continuously on the initial data and the load vector.
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Zhang, Zhiyuan, Jiadai Sun, Yuchao Dai, Dingfu Zhou, Xibin Song, and Mingyi He. "End-to-End Learning the Partial Permutation Matrix for Robust 3D Point Cloud Registration." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 3 (June 28, 2022): 3399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i3.20250.
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Even though considerable progress has been made in deep learning-based 3D point cloud processing, how to obtain accurate correspondences for robust registration remains a major challenge because existing hard assignment methods cannot deal with outliers naturally. Alternatively, the soft matching-based methods have been proposed to learn the matching probability rather than hard assignment. However, in this paper, we prove that these methods have an inherent ambiguity causing many deceptive correspondences. To address the above challenges, we propose to learn a partial permutation matching matrix, which does not assign corresponding points to outliers, and implements hard assignment to prevent ambiguity. However, this proposal poses two new problems, i.e. existing hard assignment algorithms can only solve a full rank permutation matrix rather than a partial permutation matrix, and this desired matrix is defined in the discrete space, which is non-differentiable. In response, we design a dedicated soft-to-hard (S2H) matching procedure within the registration pipeline consisting of two steps: solving the soft matching matrix (S-step) and projecting this soft matrix to the partial permutation matrix (H-step). Specifically, we augment the profit matrix before the hard assignment to solve an augmented permutation matrix, which is cropped to achieve the final partial permutation matrix. Moreover, to guarantee end-to-end learning, we supervise the learned partial permutation matrix but propagate the gradient to the soft matrix instead. Our S2H matching procedure can be easily integrated with existing registration frameworks, which has been verified in representative frameworks including DCP, RPMNet, and DGR. Extensive experiments have validated our method, which creates a new state-of-the-art performance.
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Boichuk, Orest. "60th Anniversary of Warsaw Uprising and its Influence on Poland-Germany Relations." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 41 (June 26, 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2020.41.83-92.
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The main idea of upon article is “a closing eyes” on the historical problem in mutual relations between states, what is leading for the problem. Such situation had place in Polish-Germany relations at the end of 90th. The research in this field is more than important, obviously in the angle of Poland-Ukraine relations. The 60th anniversary of Warsaw Uprising is the point of changes in historical narrative in Poland and German as well. Firstly, it was first official visit on the level of the Prime Minister. Prime Minister tried to appease hot discussion about the question of German people restitution by Polish Government, obviously Union of Expelled. On the other hand, H. Schröder told clearly, that the government isn’t support the demands of expelled people to Polish Government. And his participations are arguments for this. Polish Government also, gave any support to the Statement of Sejm. Prime Minister noted clearly about that. Such situation is very interesting, because the public persons had more clear view of state`s interest, and they could sometimes more effectively reduce the mutual tensions. Moreover, the Euro-Atlantic integration of Poland showed that Poland was having historical claiming to Germany. And after accession, Poland started using history in mutual relation more actively and as some researchers wrote like a tool of pressure on partner. Germany, due to its political system has strong linkage with the Expelled people. Crucially, linkages have the roots in the influences during voting, in which every party tries to find support by the environment of expelled. The roots of problems in the Polish-German relation can be located also in the support of Germany for pipeline, which tries to build Russian Federation. On the Poland point of view, it`s the threat for security of energy complex. So, we can objectively note, that additionally the historical policy can be some tools of influences to vis-à-vis. It can be truly, that Poland are using historical memory for some pressure for Germany.
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Idul, Idul, Lukas Kano Mangalla, and La Ode Ahmad Barata. "Pengujian Water Hammer Pada Berbagai Berbagai Tekanan Hidrostatis." Enthalpy : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Teknik Mesin 6, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.55679/enthalpy.v6i3.20974.
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Fluids are an important aspect of everyday life. A fluid is a substance that can flow. In the pipeline, the problem that often occurs is the occurrence of fluctuations in water pressure due to the sudden closure of the water flow. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of water hammer on pressure fluctuations at various heights, and to determine the phenomenon of water hammer on flow in pipes at various water surface elevations. The research method was carried out by testing the water hammer at hydrostatic pressure with a water level of 2.40 m, 2.60 m, and 2.80 m. The test is carried out in conditions just after the valve is closed. From the results obtained for the height of h 2.40 m, 2.60 m and 2.80 m have a discharge of 0.000543 m3/s, 0.000558 m3/s and 0.000568 m3/s. pressure fluctuations in the pipe for a height of 2.40 (m), with a duration of fluctuation of 12.48 (s), for a height of 2.60, (m) with a duration of fluctuation of 14.37 (s), and at a height of 2.80 (m) fluctuated by 17.56 (s). The higher the water level, the higher the fluctuations produced. The occurrence of altitude fluctuations is caused by the closing of the valve at the end of the pipe so that the water increases and after experiencing an increase there is a decrease in height until it is constant
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Saoudi, Kamel. "$W^{1,N}$ versus $C^1$ local minimizer for a singular functional with Neumann boundary condition." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 37, no. 1 (April 2, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.v37i1.34741.
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Let $\Omega\subset\R^N,$ be a bounded domain with smooth boundary. Let $g:\R^+\to\R^+$ be a continuous on $(0,+\infty)$ non-increasing and satisfying $$c_1=\liminf_{t\to 0^+}g(t)t^{\delta}\leq\underset{t\to 0^+}{\limsup} g(t)t^{\delta}=c_2,$$ for some $c_1,c_2>0$ and $0<\delta<1.$ Let $f(x,s) = h(x,s)e^{bs^{\frac{N}{N-1}}},$ $b>0$ is a constant.Consider the singular functional $I: W^{1,N}(\Omega)\to \R$ defined as \begin{eqnarray*}&&I(u)\eqdef\frac{1}{N}\|u\|^N_{W^{1,N}(\Omega)}-\int_{\Omega}G(u^+)\,{\rm d} x-\int_{\Omega}F(x,u^+) \,{\rm d} x\nonumber\\&& -\frac{1}{q+1}||u||^{q+1}_{L^{q+1}(\partial\Omega)}\nonumber\end{eqnarray*} where $F(x,u)=\int_0^sf(x,s)\,{\rm d}s$, $G(u)=\int_0^s g(s)\,{\rm d}s$. We show that if $u_0\in C^1(\overline{\Omega})$ satisfying $u_0\geq \eta \mbox{dist}(x,\partial\Omega)$, for some $0<\eta$, is a local minimum of $I$ in the $C^1(\overline{\Omega})\cap C_0(\overline{\Omega})$ topology, then it is also a local minimum in $W^{1,N}(\Omega)$ topology. This result is useful %for proving multiple solutions to the associated Euler-lagrange equation ${\rm (P)}$ defined below.to prove the multiplicity of positive solutions to critical growth problems with co-normalboundary conditions.
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Dickhaus, H., and C. Maier. "Central Sleep Apnea Detection from ECG-derived Respiratory Signals." Methods of Information in Medicine 49, no. 05 (2010): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me09-02-0047.
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Summary Objectives: This study examines the suitability of recurrence plot analysis for the problem of central sleep apnea (CSA) detection and delineation from ECG-derived respiratory (EDR) signals. Methods: A parameter describing the average length of vertical line structures in recurrence plots is calculated at a time resolution of 1 s as ‘instantaneous trapping time’. Threshold comparison of this parameter is used to detect ongoing CSA. In data from 26 patients (duration 208 h) we assessed sensitivity for detection of CSA and mixed apnea (MSA) events by comparing the results obtained from 8-channel Holter ECGs to the annotations (860 CSA, 480 MSA) of simultaneously registered polysomnograms. Results: Multivariate combination of the EDR from different ECG leads improved the detection accuracy significantly. When all eight leads were considered, an average instantaneous vertical line length above 5 correctly identified 1126 of the 1340 events (sensitivity 84%) with a total number of 1881 positive detections. Conclusions: We conclude that recurrence plot analysis is a promising tool for detection and delineation of CSA epochs from EDR signals with high time resolution. Moreover, the approach is likewise applicable to directly measured respiratory signals.
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Buchanan, John T., Jason A. Stannard, Xavier Lauth, Vaughn E. Ostland, Henry C. Powell, Mark E. Westerman, and Victor Nizet. "Streptococcus iniae Phosphoglucomutase Is a Virulence Factor and a Target for Vaccine Development." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 10 (October 2005): 6935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.10.6935-6944.2005.
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ABSTRACT Streptococcus iniae represents a major health and economic problem in fish species worldwide. Random Tn917 mutagenesis and high-throughput screening in a hybrid striped bass (HSB) model of meningoencephalitis identified attenuated S. iniae mutants. The Tn917 insertion in one mutant disrupted an S. iniae homologue of a phosphoglucomutase (pgm) gene. Electron microscopy revealed a decrease in capsule thickness and cell wall rigidity, with ΔPGM mutant cells reaching sizes ∼3-fold larger than those of the wild type (WT). The ΔPGM mutant was cleared more rapidly in HSB blood and was more sensitive to killing by cationic antimicrobial peptides including moronecidin from HSB. In vivo, the ΔPGM mutant was severely attenuated in HSB, as intraperitoneal challenge with 1,000 times the WT lethal dose produced only 2.5% mortality. Reintroduction of an intact copy of the S. iniae pgm gene on a plasmid vector restored antimicrobial peptide resistance and virulence to the ΔPGM mutant. In analysis of the aborted infectious process, we found that ΔPGM mutant organisms initially disseminated to the blood, brain, and spleen but were eliminated by 24 h without end organ damage. Ninety to 100% of fish injected with the ΔPGM mutant and later challenged with a lethal dose of WT S. iniae survived. We conclude that the pgm gene is required for virulence in S. iniae, playing a role in normal cell wall morphology, surface capsule expression, and resistance to innate immune clearance mechanisms. An S. iniae ΔPGM mutant is able to stimulate a protective immune response and may have value as a live attenuated vaccine for aquaculture.
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Schmitt, K.-U., M. Muser, P. Niederer, and F. Walz. "Pressure Aberrations inside the Spinal Canal During Rear-End Impact." Pain Research and Management 8, no. 2 (2003): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/365960.
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Minor soft tissue injuries of the cervical spine increasingly pose problems in public health. Such injuries are conveyed particularly often in rear-end automobile collisions at low impact speeds and it has been established that they may be associated with long-term impairment. As a possible cause for this type of injury it has been hypothesized that pressure pulses induced in cervical fluid compartments during the impact could damage the membrane of spinal nerve cells. To date, animal as well as cadaver experiments performed support this hypothesis. A theoretical analysis has been undertaken in order to investigate the pressure and flow pulse emerging in a cervical fluid compartment under conditions representing rear-end impacts with a äv of 15 km/h. Using the finite element (FE) method, a three-dimensional model of the cervical spine was developed. The model consists of eight vertebrae (C1-T1), the intervertebral discs, the intervertebral joints, all the major ligaments, most of the neck muscles and the head. Additionally, a typical venous blood vessel was included. To determine the pressure behaviour inside the blood vessel, fluid-structure interaction was taken into account. For the time interval including the development of the S-shape, the pressure pulses were calculated and found to be in qualitative agreement with the reported measurements. The shear stresses acting on the vessel wall can be determined from the associated flow pulses. An extrapolation of the results into the interstitial space where nerve cells are located at this stage does not allow assessment of whether a damage threshold may be reached.
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Fox, E. F., N. A. Smith, P. Rice, H. Dunn, and B. S. Peters. "Cytomegalovirus pp65 antigenaemia as an indicator of end organ disease in AIDS." International Journal of STD & AIDS 9, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462981922809.
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We aim to assess the usefulness of the cytomegalovirus CMV pp65 antigenaemia test, also called the CMV direct antigen test DAT , in the management of patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus HIV infection; we studied all patients who had pp65 assays between 8 September 1995 and 30 August 1996. Twenty three patients had 31 tests. The mean CD4 cell count was 20 mm 3. The tests were negative in 16 patients, of whom 12 have not developed CMV end organ disease after a mean follow up of 114 days range 14- 269 days , whilst the remaining 4 patients had previously treated CMV disease. Eleven patients had positive tests: 4 had active CMV disease, 2 subsequently developed CMV retinitis, 2 died within a fortnight of multi drug resistant tuberculosis MDR TB , one was lost to follow up and 2 have remained disease free. This test has a positive predictive value of 43 and a negative predictive value of 94 , Fisher s exact test P =0.03. The pp65 antigenaemia assay can be performed in a standard virology laboratory avoiding the problems associated with polymerase chain reaction PCR , a result is available within 5 h, and it is semi quantifiable. However, a large prospective study is required to determine the comparative value and roles of the pp65 antigenaemia assay and DNA PCR in the management of CMV disease, especially with regard to the use of primary prophylaxis and pre emptive therapy.
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Hammad, Ahmed, M. A. Mohamed, and Heba M. Abdel-Atty. "An Optimized Distributed Routing Protocol for Energy Management Systems Based on Wireless Sensor Networks in Intelligent and Smart Structures." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 13, no. 4 (June 2, 2022): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.13.4.3.
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Energy and spectrum efficiency for energy management systems based on wireless sensor networks in intelligent structures and powered by ambient energy harvesting (EH) are the main problems in wireless sensor networks. Herein, we consider relay selection methods. To address this issue, we proposed the optimal multiantenna power beacon opportunistic relay selection (OMPB-ORS) protocol, which uses decoding and forward methods, in which the relay wireless sensor nodes and the second source are energy-restricted and can harvest energy from a power beacon (PB) multiantenna to transmit aggregated information data from source to destination. The proposed protocol based on specific s witching t ime r eceiver a rchitecture e nhances e nd-to-end p erformance f or m aximum h ardware impairments and interference for the transceiver. To evaluate the performance, we compared our proposed protocol with best ORS (B-ORS), conventional ORS (C-ORS), and hybrid partial relay selection (H-PRS) protocols. Using the Rayleigh-fading channel, the simulation is driven based on asymptotic and exact form expressions of throughput (TP) and outage probability (OP). Simulation results show that the OMPB-ORS protocol achieves a higher TP and OP than all compared protocols.
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Bona, Jerry L., S. M. Sun, and Bing-Yu Zhang. "Forced Oscillations of a Damped Korteweg-de Vries Equation in a Quarter Plane." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 05, no. 03 (June 2003): 369–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021919970300104x.
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Laboratory experiments have shown that when nonlinear, dispersive waves are forced periodically from one end of an undisturbed stretch of the medium of propagation, the signal eventually becomes temporally periodic at each spatial point. It is our purpose here to establish this as a fact at least in the context of a damped Korteweg-de Vries equation. Thus, consideration is given to the initial-boundary-value problem [Formula: see text] For this problem, it is shown that if the small amplitude, boundary forcing h is periodic of period T, say, then the solution u of (*) is eventually periodic of period T. More precisely, we show for each x > 0, that u(x, t + T) - u(x, t) converges to zero exponentially as t → ∞. Viewing (*) (without the initial condition) as an infinite dimensional dynamical system in the Hilbert space Hs(R+) for suitable values of s, we also demonstrate that for a given, small amplitude time-periodic boundary forcing, the system (*) admits a unique limit cycle, or forced oscillation (a solution of (*) without the initial condition that is exactly periodic of period T). Furthermore, we show that this limit cycle is globally exponentially stable. In other words, it comprises an exponentially stable attractor for the infinite-dimensional dynamical system described by (*).
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Grin, Evgeny A., Tatyana V. Perevezentseva, and Vardan A. Sarkisyan. "CRACK RESISTANCE OF CENTRIFUGAL-CAST STEAM P I P E S MADE OF STEEL 1 5 K h l M l F." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 85, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-4-42-49.
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Significance of assessing the characteristics of crack resistance of centrifugal-cast (CFC) tubes made of steel 15KhlMlF is substantiated. The characteristic features of the metal under study are considered along with the methodology of crack resistance tests. Three modifications of the metal of the CFC pipes in the initial state, that differ in the degree of developed segregational heterogeneity, and two modifications of the metal with almost the same degree of structural heterogeneity, which differ in the running time as a part of the operating equipment are studied. It is shown that a decrease in the intensity of the segregational damage of the metal structure has almost no effect on the level of the strength characteristics, but is accompanied by an increase in the plastic properties and toughness of the metal. We present the results of studying crack resistance of centrifugal-cast pipes (steel 15KhlMlF) under static, cyclic and prolonged static loading in conditions of high-temperature creep. It is shown that an increase in the degree of structural heterogeneity of the CFC steel adversely affects the characteristics of static crack resistance and cyclic crack resistance as well, but to a far lesser extent and has little if any effect on the crack resistance of the CFC steel at creep. Cyclic crack resistance slightly decreases with increase of the operating time of the metal in functioning pipelines, whereas the characteristics of the prolonged static crack resistance get worse significantly. It is shown that welded joints of the CFC pipelines have a substantially lower crack resistance under creep conditions compared to the base metal. Statistical processing of the experimental data is used to get kinetic diagrams of cyclic and prolonged static crack resistance of 15X1M1F CFC-steel in creep conditions. The results of practical applications of the obtained crack resistance characteristics of the metal of the CFC pipes are demonstrated with a focus on the problems of ensuring the reliable operation of the steam pipelines of thermal power plants at the end of their service lifetime.
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Shrivastava, Deepti, Shikha Joshi, and Hariharan Chella. "Study of Puberty Menorrhagia in Adolescent Girl in a Rural Set-up." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 4, no. 2 (2012): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1187.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Puberty menorrhagia is a real trouble among adolescent girls mostly due to problem in hypothalamic-pituitaryovarian axis. Aims and objectives To understand the various causative factors in puberty menorrhagia and to evaluate the role of hormones estrogens, progesterones or combination of both in controlling the excessive menstrual bleeding. Materials and methods It is a study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, JNMC, Sawangi from January 2009 to December 2010. Study included a total of 50 adolescent girls presenting with complains of menorrhagia. Results About 78% patients had menorrhagia due to immaturity of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis; 14% had polycystic ovarian disease and 8% had hypothyroidism. Out of 50 patients who were treated with hormones, 26 patients (52%) responded by the end of third month follow-up. Conclusion Majority of the patients showed good response to combined oral contraceptive pills (78%). How to cite this article Joshi S, Chella H, Shrivastava D. Study of Puberty Menorrhagia in Adolescent Girl in a Rural Set-up. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2012;4(2):110-112.
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Park, Geon-Tae, Tae-Chong Noh, and Yang-Kook Sun. "Ultrafine-Grained Ni-Rich Layered Cathode for High-Performance Li-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023297mtgabs.
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Currently, Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are the main power source for electric vehicles (EVs) because of their high energy density, excellent rate performance, and long cycle life. However, even EVs that are powered by state-of-the-art LIBs are unable to meet the driving range offered by internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), which is typically 600–800 km.1 The properties of LIBs are strongly related to the nature of positive electrodes (cathodes), and thus, the selection of appropriate cathodes is of paramount importance. Currently, Ni-rich layered LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn, and/or Al) compounds are considered ideal cathode materials for EV batteries because their high capacity enables EVs to achieve high mileage per charge. Although Ni-rich layered cathodes are advantageous in terms of energy density and material cost, in general, they have considerably decreased cycling lifetimes with inferior thermal stabilities, which hinder their commercialization. The inherent structural instability of Ni-enriched layered oxide cathodes, particularly in the deeply charged state, leads to a build-up of mechanical strain.2 The strain build-up causes the nucleation and propagation of microcracks, which enable electrolyte infiltration and accelerate structural deterioration, which has plagued attempts to stabilize the cycling performance of Ni-rich layered cathodes.3 In this study, we demonstrate that limiting the primary particle size of the cathode resolves the capacity fading problem as nano-sized primary particles effectively relieve the high internal strain associated with the phase transition near charge end and fracture-toughen the cathode. Particle size refinement, achieved by inhibiting the grain growth during lithiation through the introduction of a high-valence dopant, imparts the necessary mechanical toughness to counter the high internal strain associated with the phase transition near charge end. The Li[Ni0.95Co0.04Mn0.01]O2 cathode, whose microstructure is engineered to mitigate the mechanical instability of Ni-rich layered cathodes, represents a next-generation, high energy-density cathode with a long cycle life and fast charging capability. Reference s : [1] K. B. Naceur, Tracking Clean Energy Progress (International Energy Agency, 2016). [2] H.-H. Ryu, K.-J. Park, C. S. Yoon and Y.-K. Sun, Chem. Mater. 30 (2018) 1155–1163. [3] G. W. Nam, N.-Y. Park, K.-J. Park, J. Yang, J. Liu, C. S. Yoon, Y.-K. Sun, ACS Energy Lett. 4 (2019) 2995–3001.
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Van Herbruggen, Ben, Jaron Fontaine, Anniek Eerdekens, Margot Deruyck, Wout Joseph, and Eli De Poorter. "Feasibility of Wireless Horse Monitoring Using a Kinetic Energy Harvester Model." Electronics 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101730.
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To detect behavioral anomalies (disease/injuries), 24 h monitoring of horses each day is increasingly important. To this end, recent advances in machine learning have used accelerometer data to improve the efficiency of practice sessions and for early detection of health problems. However, current devices are limited in operational lifetime due to the need to manually replace batteries. To remedy this, we investigated the possibilities to power the wireless radio with a vibrational piezoelectric energy harvester at the leg (or in the hoof) of the horse, allowing perpetual monitoring devices. This paper reports the average power that can be delivered to the node by energy harvesting for four different natural gaits of the horse: stand, walking, trot and canter, based on an existing model for a velocity-damped resonant generator (VDRG). To this end, 33 accelerometer datasets were collected over 4.5 h from six horses during different activities. Based on these measurements, a vibrational energy harvester model was calculated that can provide up to 64.04 μW during the energetic canter gait, taking an energy conversion rate of 60% into account. Most energy is provided during canter in the forward direction of the horse. The downwards direction is less suitable for power harvesting. Additionally, different wireless technologies are considered to realize perpetual wireless data sensing. During horse training sessions, BLE allows continues data transmissions (one packet every 0.04 s during canter), whereas IEEE 802.15.4 and UWB technologies are better suited for continuous horse monitoring during less energetic states due to their lower sleep current.
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Sustrietov, Anatoly. "Research of the Activities of the Feodosian Mint in the Numismatic Historiography of the Imperial Time." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 62 (2020): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2020.62.07.
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The article analyzes the historiography of the 19th century concerning the problems of the functioning of coin production in Feodosia in the 1780s and the existence of the Tauric coin. The autor highlights the position of the researchers as for the location of the mint, the purpose and reasons for its foundation, the location of the production of copper and silver Tauric coins, their role in the monetary circulation of the region and the empire in general. It has been established that basic research on the outlined issues came to light in the times of the Russian Empire in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The first to mention some of the aspects of the mint activity in Feodosia, the minting of Tauric coins, were A. Skalkovsky (who mentioned the founding of a new mint because the previous one had been destroyed earlier), Baron S. de Schoduar (who mentioned the minting of silver coins on honor of the milestone and empress, characterized the look of the coins, occasionally noticed a copper coin). At the end of the nineteenth century. the most thorough, systematic and fundamental research of that time was carried out by V. Smirnov. In his work, which relied on a large array of Turkish language documentation and archival sources, he raised questions about the causes of the foundation of the mint (exclusively as a favor of G. Potemkin), revealed problems that the leadership of the court encountered during the preparation for coin production and later during directly producing the coins, pointed to the denominations and the total number of coins, analyzed the problem of the origin of the silver Taurian coin (in his opinion it was not minted in Feodosia), wrote about the general contribution of the mint to the Empire coin circulation. The research of P. Winkler is also one of the most systematic and complex. He wrote about the facts of abuse during the purchase of raw materials, about the causes and circumstances which caused the delay of the launch of the Mint for a long time. At the end of the XIX century. and in the early twentieth century. A number of catalogs by I. Lyubomudrov, V. Petrov, H. Gil, A. Ilyin, and I. Tolstoy were published, where coins were described, their rarity was characterized, and their value among collectors at that time was indicated.
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Kavidha, V., and V. Sadasivam. "Fuzzy Logic-Based Round Trip Time Scaling and Scheduling in High Speed TCP Stacks." International Journal of Fuzzy System Applications 3, no. 2 (April 2013): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijfsa.2013040105.
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Network management and control is a complex problem that requires intelligent, control methodologies to obtain satisfactory performance. Round trip time (RTT) scaling mechanism has been introduced for changing congestion window and to perform congestion control satisfactorily in all circumstances. This paper presents a fuzzy RTT scaling (FRTTS) scheme that performs RTT scaling and RTT scheduling for different high speed transmission control protocol (TCP) networks. In this scheme, RTT samples are allocated requesting application by using RTT scheduling factor and RTT samples are scaled for an application by using RTT scaling factor. A RTT scaler placed at the end node performs the RTT scheduling as well as RTT scaling. We also apply a FRTTS scheme on different high speed TCP’s namely high-TCP (H-TCP) and scalable-TCP(S-TCP) and demonstrates that it provides better performance than non fuzzy scheme. The scheme has been extensively simulated to test the performance in terms of flow rate, RTT flows, packet size and congestion window size. The results show that FRTTS scheme provides better performance than non fuzzy scheme which employs dynamic RTT scheduling and RTT scaling.
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Aloui, Lassaad, and Slim Tayachi. "Local well-posedness for the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation." Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems 41, no. 11 (2021): 5409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dcds.2021082.
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<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We consider the Cauchy problem for the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ i\partial_t u +\Delta u = \mu |x|^{-b}|u|^\alpha u,\; u(0)\in H^s({\mathbb R}^N),\; N\geq 1,\; \mu\in {\mathbb C},\; \; b>0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ \alpha>0. $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> Only partial results are known for the local existence in the subcritical case <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ \alpha<(4-2b)/(N-2s) $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and much more less in the critical case <inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ \alpha = (4-2b)/(N-2s). $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> In this paper, we develop a local well-posedness theory for the both cases. In particular, we establish new results for the continuous dependence and for the unconditional uniqueness. Our approach provides simple proofs and allows us to obtain lower bounds of the blowup rate and of the life span. The Lorentz spaces and the Strichartz estimates play important roles in our argument. In particular this enables us to reach the critical case and to unify results for <inline-formula><tex-math id="M5">\begin{document}$ b = 0 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math id="M6">\begin{document}$ b>0. $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula></p>
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Gusnadi, Gusnadi. "An Investigation of Listening Problems Encountered by 1st Semester Students in Foundation of Listening Subjec." Pedagonal : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 3, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/pedagog.v3i1.984.
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Gusnadi, penelitian yang diberi judul An Investigation of Listening Problems Encountered by 1st Semester Students in Foundation of Listening Subject bertujuan untuk menggambarkan dan mencari kesulitan-kesulitan mahasiswa pada belajar Foundation of Listening. Observasi, angket, dan list interview digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data secara qualitiatif. Adapun hasil temuan yang diperoleh antara lain; mahasiswa kesulitan memahami apa yang diperdengarka, mahasiswa mendapatkan kesuliatan pada saat mengambil inti dari apa yang diperdengarkan. Masalah lain adalah masalah teknis yang terkadang sangat mengganggu keberlangsungan pembelajaran Listening. Persiapan yang baik,pemeriksaan alat laboratorium bahasa, dan berlatih listening secara berkesinambungan akan memudahkan mahasiswa dalam belajar Listening.Kata Kunci: Deskriptif, Kesulitan Belajar ListeningAnderson, B. Marry. Brown, Dayna. And Jean, Isabella. 2012. Time to Listen: Hearing People on the Receiving End on International Aid. Cambridge, Massachusetts. CDA Collaborative Learning Projects.Brown, H. Douglas, 2000. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching Fourth Edition. Longman: San Fransisco.Creswell, W. John. 2012. Educational Research; Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research; 4th Edition. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Pearson.Hamouda, Arafat. 2013. An Investigation of Listening Comprehensions Problems Encountered, by Saudi Students in the EL Listening Classroom; International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development April 2013, Vol. 2, No. 2 ISSN: 2226-6348.Jackson, S.L. 2009. Research Methods and Statistics: A Critical Thinking Approach 3rd edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Nation I. S. P. and Newton Jonathan. 2009. Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. Routledge. New York and London.Purdy, M. 1997 what is listening? In M. Purdy and D. Borisoff (eds.) Listening in Everyday Life. A Personal and Professional Approach. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.Richards, Jack. C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking: From Theory to Practice. New York. United State of America: Cambridge University Press. Wilson, M. Suzzane and Peterson, L. Penelope. 2006. Theories of Learning and Teaching: What Do They Mean for Educators? National Education Association. Washington, DC.
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Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G., Frank Marks, Xuejin Zhang, Jian-Wen Bao, Kao-San Yeh, and Robert Atlas. "The Experimental HWRF System: A Study on the Influence of Horizontal Resolution on the Structure and Intensity Changes in Tropical Cyclones Using an Idealized Framework." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1762–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010mwr3535.1.
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Abstract Forecasting intensity changes in tropical cyclones (TCs) is a complex and challenging multiscale problem. While cloud-resolving numerical models using a horizontal grid resolution of 1–3 km are starting to show some skill in predicting the intensity changes in individual cases, it is not clear at this time what may be a reasonable horizontal resolution for forecasting TC intensity changes on a day-to-day-basis. The Experimental Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting System (HWRFX) was used within an idealized framework to gain a fundamental understanding of the influence of horizontal grid resolution on the dynamics of TC vortex intensification in three dimensions. HWFRX is a version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model specifically adopted and developed jointly at NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) and Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) for studying the intensity change problem at a model grid resolution of about 3 km. Based on a series of numerical experiments at the current operating resolution of about 9 km and at a finer resolution of about 3 km, it was found that improved resolution had very little impact on the initial spinup of the vortex. An initial axisymmetric vortex with a maximum wind speed of 20 m s−1 rapidly intensified to 50 m s−1 within about 24 h in either case. During the spinup process, buoyancy appears to have had a pivotal influence on the formation of the warm core and the subsequent rapid intensification of the modeled vortex. The high-resolution simulation at 3 km produced updrafts as large as 48 m s−1. However, these extreme events were rare, and this study indicated that these events may not contribute significantly to rapid deepening. Additionally, although the structure of the buoyant plumes may differ at 9- and 3-km resolution, interestingly, the axisymmetric structure of the simulated TCs exhibited major similarities. Specifically, the similarities included a deep inflow layer extending up to about 2 km in height with a tangentially averaged maximum inflow velocity of about 12–15 m s−1, vertical updrafts with an average velocity of about 2 m s−1, and a very strong outflow produced at both resolutions for a mature storm. It was also found in either case that the spinup of the primary circulation occurred not only due to the weak inflow above the boundary layer but also due to the convergence of vorticity within the boundary layer. Nevertheless, the mature phase of the storm’s evolution exhibited significantly different patterns of behavior at 9 and 3 km. While the minimum pressure at the end of 96 h was 934 hPa for the 9-km simulation, it was about 910 hPa for the 3-km run. The maximum tangential wind at that time showed a difference of about 10 m s−1. Several sensitivity experiments related to the initial vortex intensity, initial radius of the maximum wind, and physics were performed. Based on ensembles of simulations, it appears that radial advection of the tangential wind and, consequently, radial flux of vorticity become important forcing terms in the momentum budget of the mature storm. Stronger convergence in the boundary layer leads to a larger transport of moisture fluxes and, subsequently, a stronger storm at higher resolution.
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Navrátilova, Pavlina, Ivana Borkovcova, Zora Stastkova, Ivana Bednarova, and Lenka Vorlova. "Effect of Cephalosporin Antibiotics on the Activity of Yoghurt Cultures." Foods 11, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 2751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11182751.
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The presence of antibiotics in milk is a significant problem affecting the technological safety of dairy products. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity of yoghurt cultures to residual levels of selected cephalosporin antibiotics (cephalexin, cefoperazone, cefquinome, cefazolin, and ceftiofur). Five yoghurt cultures were selected containing strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Artificially fortified milk samples (whole pasteurized milk; 85 °C; 3–5 s) with cephalosporins at a concentration of the maximum residue limit were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the yoghurt cultures by monitoring the pH, titratable acidity, and the concentration of selected organic acids (lactic, pyruvic, citric, acetic, orotic, oxalic, formic, uric, and succinic acids) at the end of fermentation (43 °C; 4–5.5 h; pH ≤ 4.6). The titratable acidity was determined by the Soxhlet–Henkel method and the organic acid concentration was monitored by reversed-phase HPLC. Ceftiofur had the greatest effect on the yoghurt culture activity, with a statistically highly significant effect (p < 0.05) on the pH, titratable acidity, and the content of lactic, pyruvic, and acetic acids in all cultures. Other cephalosporins also showed an inhibitory effect on yoghurt metabolism as seen by the evaluation of the lactic and pyruvic acid concentrations.
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Januarti, Inayah. "STILISTIKA DALAM PUISI “KERIKIL TAJAM DAN YANG TERAMPAS DAN YANG PUTUS” KARYA CHAIRIL ANWAR." KONFIKS : JURNAL BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA 6, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/jk.v6i1.372.
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ABSTRAKPermasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: (1) Bagaimana bentuk asonansi dan aliterasi dalam kumpulan puisi Kerikil tajam dan yang terampas dan yang Putus karya Chairil Anwar? (2) Bagaimana pemilihan konotasi dan denotasi dalam diksi yang terdapat dalam kumpulan puisi Kerikil tajam dan yang terampas dan yang Putus karya Chairil Anwar? (3) Bagaimanakah makna gaya bahasa dalam kumpulan puisi Kerikil tajam dan yang terampas dan yang Putus karya Chairil Anwar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik catat, karena data-datanya berupa teks. Berdasarkan analisis ini dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal, yaitu: (1) Pemanfaatan atau pemilihan bunyi-bunyi bahasa yang dipergunakan dalam Puisi Kerikil tajam dan yang Terampas dan yang Putus karya Chairil Anwar, ditemukan adanya asonansi ‘persamaan bunyi vokal’ yang banyak dipakai bunyi a, i, u, e, o. Aliterasi ‘persamaan bunyi konsonan yang digunakan dalam Puisi Kerikil tajam dan yang Terampas dan yang Putus karya Chairil Anwar adalah bunyi konsonan /p/, /s/, /g/, /k/, /t/,/l/,/k/./m/ dan /b/. (2) Diksi dalam puisi Kerikil tajam dan yang Terampas dan yang Putus karya Chairil Anwar dapat ditinjau dari segi kosakata, pemilihan kata, dan denotasi serta konotasinya. (3) Pemakaian gaya bahasa yang terdapat dalam puisi Kerikil tajam dan yang Terampas dan yang Putus karya Chairil Anwar adalah (a) metafora, (b) alusio, (c) hiperbola, (d) sinestesia, (e) alegori, (f) personifikasi, (g) fabel (h) simbolik, (i) repetisi.Kata kunci: Stilistika, diksi, gaya bahasa, aspek bunyiAbstractThe problems discussed in this study, namely: (1) How do the assonance and alliteration in poetry collection sharp gravel and seized and that the End works Anwar? (2) How does the selection of connotation and denotation in diction contained in a collection of poems sharp gravel and seized and that the End works Anwar? (3) What is the meaning of the language in the style of a collection of poetry and sharp gravel seized and the work of Anwar Disconnect.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques used in this research was noted, because the data in the form of text. Based on this analysis we can conclude several things, namely: (1) The use or selection of language sounds used in Poetry Gravel sharp and seized and that the End works Anwar, found their assonance 'equation vowel' a widely used sound a, i, u, e, o. Alliteration 'equation consonant sounds used in Poetry Gravel sharp and seized and that the End works Anwar is consonant / p /, / s /, / g /, / k /, / t /, / l /, / k / ./m/ and / b /. (2) Gravel sharp diction in poetry and seized and that the End Anwar's work can be viewed in terms of vocabulary, diction, and denotation and connotation. (3) Use a style that is contained in the poem Gravel sharp and seized and that the End works Anwar is (a) metaphor, (b) allusion, (c) hyperbole, (d) synesthesia, (e) the allegory, (f) personification, (g) fable (h) the symbolic, (i) reps.Keywords: Stilistika, diction, style, sound aspects
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Hill, Aileen, Christina Borgs, Christina Fitzner, and Christian Stoppe. "Perioperative Vitamin C and E levels in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Their Clinical Significance." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092157.
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Background: Oxidative stress contributes to organ dysfunction after cardiac surgery and still represents a major problem. Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E might be organ protective. Methods: The primary objective of this prospective observational study was the description to evaluate the perioperative vitamin C and E levels in 56 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. The association of vitamin C with inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, organ dysfunctions, and clinical outcomes were evaluated in an explorative approach. Results: Vitamin C levels decreased significantly from 6.5 (3.5–11.5) mg/L before surgery to 2.8 (2.0–3.9) mg/L 48 h after surgery (p < 0.0001). Fifty-six percent of patients had a suboptimal vitamin C status even before surgery. In protein-denaturized probes, significantly higher vitamin C concentrations were detected (p = 0.0008). Vitamin E levels decreased significantly from preoperative level 11.6 (9.5–13.2) mg/L to 7.1 (5.5–7.4) mg/L, (p = 0.0002) at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass, remained low during the first day on ICU and recovered to 8.2 (7.1–9.3) mg/L 48 h after surgery. No patient was vitamin E deficient before surgery. Analysis showed no statistically significant association of vitamin C with inflammation, oxidative stress or organ dysfunction levels in patients with previously suboptimal vitamin C status or patients with a perioperative decrease of ≥50% vitamin C after surgery. Patients with higher vitamin C levels had a shorter ICU stay than those who were vitamin C depleted, which was not statistically significant (72 versus 135 h, p = 0.1990). Conclusion: Vitamin C and E levels significantly declined intraoperatively and remained significantly reduced low for 2 days after cardiac surgery. The influence of reduced serum levels on the inflammatory reaction and clinical outcome of the patients remain unclear in this small observational study and need to be investigated further. Given vitamin C´s pleiotropic role in the human defense mechanisms, further trials are encouraged to evaluate the clinical significance of Vitamin C in cardiac surgery patients.
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Guo, Hui, and Tao Wang. "Infinitely Many Solutions for the Nonlinear Schrödinger–Poisson System with Broken Symmetry." Advanced Nonlinear Studies 21, no. 3 (May 18, 2021): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ans-2021-2132.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this paper, we consider the following Schrödinger–Poisson system with perturbation: { - Δ u + u + λ ϕ ( x ) u = | u | p - 2 u + g ( x ) , x ∈ ℝ 3 , - Δ ϕ = u 2 , x ∈ ℝ 3 , \left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle-\Delta u+u+\lambda\phi(x)u&\displaystyle=% |u|^{p-2}u+g(x),&&\displaystyle x\in\mathbb{R}^{3},\\ \displaystyle-\Delta\phi&\displaystyle=u^{2},&&\displaystyle x\in\mathbb{R}^{3% },\end{aligned}\right. where λ > 0 {\lambda>0} , p ∈ ( 3 , 6 ) {p\in(3,6)} and the radial general perturbation term g ( x ) ∈ L p p - 1 ( ℝ 3 ) {g(x)\in L^{\frac{p}{p-1}}(\mathbb{R}^{3})} . By establishing a new abstract perturbation theorem based on the Bolle’s method, we prove the existence of infinitely many radial solutions of the above system. Moreover, we give the asymptotic behaviors of these solutions as λ → 0 {\lambda\to 0} . Our results partially solve the open problem addressed in [Y. Jiang, Z. Wang and H.-S. Zhou, Multiple solutions for a nonhomogeneous Schrödinger–Maxwell system in ℝ 3 \mathbb{R}^{3} , Nonlinear Anal. 83 2013, 50–57] on the existence of infinitely many solutions of the Schrödinger–Poisson system for p ∈ ( 2 , 4 ] {p\in(2,4]} and a general perturbation term g.
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Khavarivska, Halyna. "The Problem of Legal Understanding in Modern Society: Administrative Aspect." Democratic governance 29, no. 1 (August 31, 2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/dg2022.01.083.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the problem study of legal understanding shall be determined by a combination of ideological, social and political factors, including the urgent need to comprehend legal understanding as the most important regulator of social relations, as well as the need for a critical rethinking of traditional concepts of legal understanding. Therefore, a clear idea of what law is, how it is understood and correctly interpreted within different cultural and legal traditions, what features it acquires within different legal systems shall be important for determining the development prospects. The issues of legal understanding shall be related to the constant fact as any person at each stage of his/her individual and social development discovers new aspects in law, new qualities, as well as its correlation with other phenomena and spheres of society. Legal understanding has not only significant cognitive and theoretical value and significance, but practical as well, because it is extremely important for the legislators to take into account the dominance of optimal types of legal understanding in society in their law-making activities. Recent research and publications analysis. The most significant research in the field of study of legal understanding shall include the works by M. А. Damirli, V. V. Dudchenko, A. А. Kozlovskyi, M. I. Koziubra, O. V. Zaychuk, S. I. Maksymov, Yu. M. Oborotov, N. M. Onishchenko, M. P. Orzikh, P. M. Rabinovych, M. V. Savchyn, O. F. Skakun, S. O. Kharytonov, K. O. Shelestov et. al., as these scholars made an important contribution to the formation of the Ukrainian concept of legal understanding. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. Clarification of the main approaches to the notion and concepts of legal understanding, the establishment of its main characteristics and functions, the definition of criteria for its typology and problematic issues of the formation of legal understanding in modern Ukrainian society. Paper main body. It has been established that, depending on the subject of law formation, the concept of natural, as well as normative, and sociological legal understanding shall be distinguished. Such a distribution shall bear witness to the dialectical nature of law development, which includes abstractly general (natural and legal), as well as specific (positive) aspects. It has been researched that law is still too complex and multifaceted phenomenon to be within the framework of only one specific approach, therefore, the main task of modern Ukrainian legal science and studies shall be to find ways to form a new, integral type of legal understanding, arising from the interaction of all schools and trends in modern legal science (both Western and Eastern). It has been developed that law is a phenomenon closely related to a specific being, it functions in the depths of life, moves in time, and changes therewith. Despite the fact that such values as the ideals of justice, freedom, equality are embodied in law, their content also undergoes changes over time, as new connections, manifestations, facets, dimensions appear that require their in-depth understanding. A number of factors, namely religious, civilizational, moral, international, national are also developing, changing and influencing legal understanding. It is not worth hoping that someday the discussions on legal understanding will end, and we will be able to receive a single correct answer what the essence of law is. Author’s interpretations of the concept of “legal understanding” are given, in particular, those of P. Rabinovych, T. Dudash, Yu. Shemshuchenko, H. Lukianova. In general, legal understanding shall be defined as a scientific category that reflects not only the process, but also the result of a purposeful mental activity of a person and covers the knowledge of law, its assessment and attitude towards it as a holistic social phenomenon. Types, levels, peculiarities, functions of legal understanding shall be analysed. Today, the dominant legal understanding is actively developing, which determines the understanding of a certain content of law that is emerging in society as the most influential and widespread, based on its knowledge and perception, as well as its assessment, which designates the nature of various legal systems functioning. Understanding and perception of legal norms is always subjective, because each individual, faced with the law, sees it in his/her own way, then subsequently general ideas are determined through the means of communication, on the basis of which general idea and general legal understanding, dominating in a certain society, are formed. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Thus, legal understanding shall be a scientific category that is associated with scientific knowledge and understanding of law. It is manifested in the reflection of human mental activity and is aimed at the knowledge of law and legal reality, its assessment and attitude towards it as a social phenomenon and a fundamental value of the modern civilizational world. A number of factors, namely civilizational, international, national and others influence legal understanding. Therefore, it is simply impossible to achieve the only correct answer to what the law is. Consequently, the problem of legal understanding in modern society remains relevant and requires further scientific development and understanding.