Journal articles: 'Erbium'

1

Abdusalyamova, M. N., and O. I. Rachmatov. "The Investigation of Phase Diagrams of Erbium Pnictides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 57, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2002): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2002-1-216.

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The phase diagrams of Er-Sb and Er-Bi have been obtained. Erbium forms three compounds with antimony as well as bismuth. The antimonides and bismuthides Er5Sb3 (1640°C), Er5Bi3 (1427°C), ErSb2 (650°C) and ErBi2 (595°C) are formed by peritectic reactions. ErSb (2040°C) and ErBi (1860°C) melt congruently

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Abdusalyamova, M. N., and O. I. Rachmatov. "The Investigation of Phase Diagrams of Erbium Pnictides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 57, no. 9-10 (October 1, 2002): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2002-9-1016.

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The phase diagrams of Er-Sb and Er-Bi have been obtained. Erbium forms three compounds with antimony as well as bismuth. The antimonides and bismuthides Er5Sb3 (1640°C), Er5Bi3 (1427°C), ErSb2 (650°C) and ErBi2 (595°C) are formed by peritectic reactions. ErSb (2040°C) and ErBi (1860°C) melt congruently.

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BECHARA, FALK G., MICHAEL SAND, MICHAEL RADENHAUSEN, DANIEL SAND, GEORG MOUSSA, THILO GAMBICHLER, PETER ALTMEYER, and KLAUS HOFFMANN. "Erbium." Dermatologic Surgery 32, no. 3 (March 2006): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200603000-00003.

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4

Farshidi, Dina, Whitney Hovenic, and Christopher Zachary. "Erbium." Dermatologic Surgery 40 (December 2014): S152—S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000000226.

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Lv, Wen Jian, Bo Long Li, Peng Qi, and Zuo Ren Nie. "The Effect of the Erbium Content on the Microstructure and Mechanical Property of 6061 Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.35.

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The 6061 aluminum alloys with different content of erbium were prepared. The erbium content was optimized by measurement of grain refining effects and tensile strength. After solid solution treatment of the alloy with optimized erbium content at 505 °C ~ 595 °C for 4 h. and then ageing at –160 °C ~ 200 °C for 3 h., the grain size decreased with the content of erbium, achieving the most effective grain size refinement at the erbium content of 0.15wt.%. The tensile strength of as-cast alloy could reach up to 243 MPa at the erbium content of 0.15%. -Combined with the microstructures and mechanical properties, the erbium content of 0.15% was the optimized content, and heat treatments of ageing at 180 °C for 3 h. followed by solid solution at 565 °C for 4 h were suggested.

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CHA, YUN HUI, KYONG-SOO HONG, SOON CHANG LEE, DUCK-LAE JOO, JIN KOOK LEE, JONG-SUNG YU, SUK BON YOON, and HWAN KYU KIM. "SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ERBIUM-INCLUDED MESOPOROUS MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL AMPLIFICATION." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 13, no. 03n04 (December 2004): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863504002158.

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We have synthesized erbium-included mesoporous materials to enhance optical amplification gain in Er 3+-doped silica materials. Various mesoporous materials such as MCM-41, MCM-48 or SBA-15 were prepared and then erbium ions were filled into the empty pores in the mesoporous materials via sol-gel process through the external modification of the mesoporous materials. All erbium-included mesoporous materials exhibit the near infrared emission band around 1530 nm, corresponding to the characteristic 4 I 13/2→4 I 15/2 transition of erbium ions. The characteristic emission intensity of erbium ions increases with the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the erbium-included mesoporous materials.

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Zhang, Haitao, Ryo Nakanishi, Keiichi Katoh, Brian K. Breedlove, Yasutaka Kitagawa, and Masahiro Yamashita. "Low coordinated mononuclear erbium(iii) single-molecule magnets with C3v symmetry: a method for altering single-molecule magnet properties by incorporating hard and soft donors." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 2 (2018): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04053a.

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Structures and magnetic characteristics of two three coordinate erbium(iii) compounds with C_3v geometry, tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresolate)erbium (1) and tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl)erbium (2), were determined.

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Zhu, Zong Jiu, Yuan Yuan Niu, Jia Xing Cai, and Peng Cheng Yan. "Experiment Studying of Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser with Ultra-Small Wavelength Spacing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2479.

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The configurations of Erbium-doped fiber laser and comb filter that work stably have been designed. The stable multiwavelength oscillation of erbium-doped fiber laser with wavelength spacing 0.20nm in 1532nm band had been obtained at liquid nitrogen temperature by optimizing length of erbium-doped fiber and loss of cavity. The experimental results show that, the erbium-doped fiber exhibits obviously different inhomogeneous gain broadening in different band.

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9

Jauhariyah, Mukhayyarotin Niswati Rodliyatul, Mita Anggaryani, and Ahmad Marzuki. "Research trend on erbium-doped tellurite glasses based on scopus database." E3S Web of Conferences 328 (2021): 04018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132804018.

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This paper aims to analyse the research trend of erbium-doped tellurite glasses. To this aim, this paper applied bibliometric analysis. The comprehensive research document on the topic of erbium-doped tellurite glasses in the Scopus database is 695 documents. The result revealed that scientific publication on erbium-doped tellurite glasses has been increasing. China contributed the most documents on erbium-doped tellurite glasses. The visualization of the research trend on erbium-doped tellurite glasses assisted with VOSviewer software and resulted in four primary clusters: (1) the red cluster show the keywords about the synthesized and fabrication, (2) the blue cluster show the keywords about the characterization, (3) the green cluster show the user or the application of the glass with each characteristic of materials, (4) the yellow cluster show the way to analyse energy based on the parameters owned by erbium-doped tellurite glasses. The research findings are the networking of the keywords on the research of erbium doped tellurite glasses in all clusters. It means that this research is comprehend knowledge and need to be more investigate to further research.

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Gitty, Pooja, Madanan Kailasnath, and Vadakkedathu Parameswaran Narayanan Nampoori. "Synthesis, Structure and Luminescence Characterization of Erbium Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles by Precipitation Method." Current Physical Chemistry 9, no. 3 (November 26, 2019): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946809666190708124928.

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Introduction: Hydroxyapatite, Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2, a ceramic material is the major inorganic component in bones and teeth of animals and humans. Although erbium is one of the prominent representative elements among the lanthanides, erbium doped hydroxyapatite has not been studied to a greater extent. This study reports the synthesis of erbium doped hydroxyapatite using the simple precipitation method and its structural and optical properties. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to synthesize erbium doped hydroxyapatite and to study the structural and optical properties. Materials and Methods: Nanocrystalline erbium doped hydroxyapatite was successfully prepared using simple precipitation method. Average particle size of the synthesized particle was around 8-10 nm. Results: The typical absorption spectra of the erbium doped hydroxyapatite sample shows almost well defined peaks of the erbium ions. The absorption bands were observed at 360 nm, 373 nm, 448 nm, 490 nm, 524 nm and at 653 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum showed the presence of a green band at 550 nm and a red band which peaked at 750 nm. Conclusion: Spherical shaped nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite, Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2 substituted with Erbium(III) were obtained using precipitation method. The synthesized Er3+ doped hydroxyapatite can be used for biophotonic applications, which exploits their exquisite optical properties and infrared imaging and several other therapeutic applications.

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11

Savchenkov, Sergey, Yaroslav Kosov, Vladimir Bazhin, Kirill Krylov, and Rudolf Kawalla. "Microstructural Master Alloys Features of Aluminum–Erbium System." Crystals 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 1353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11111353.

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Aluminum master alloys with rare earth metals are widely studied by many scientists around the world, but research on the production of Al-Er master alloys is still limited. The purpose of this work is to study the microstructure parameters of aluminum-erbium master alloys obtained by metallothermic reduction of salt mixtures containing erbium oxide or fluoride. The structural features were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy, and the dependence of the microhardness of the eutectic and solid solution fields of obtained master alloys on the content of erbium in the master alloy was determined. Studies have shown that master alloys obtained by metallothermic reduction of erbium compounds from chloride–fluoride melts are characterized by a uniform distribution of Al3Er intermetallic compounds in the volume of double eutectic [(Al) + Al3Er] and have a strong grain refinement effect. The analysis of the microstructure showed that the structure of the master alloys varies depending on the content of erbium. When the content of erbium in the master alloy is up to 6 wt.%, the eutectic structure is preserved. When the content of erbium in the master alloy is 8 wt.% or more, the structure becomes a solid solution with individual inclusions of various shapes and intermetallic compounds.

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12

Zhang, Pei, De-Long Zhang, and Yan Wang. "Crystalline Phase, Cross-Section, and Temporal Characteristics of Erbium-Ion in Lu3Ga5O12 Crystal." Photonics 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2023): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10050586.

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An erbium-doped Lu3Ga5O12(LuGG) single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The crystalline phase in the grown crystal was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. The erbium-ion emission spectra of the crystal were acquired. The erbium-ion emission cross-section (ECS) spectrum was computed from the acquired emission spectrum. The erbium-ion absorption cross-section (ACS) spectrum was computed using the McCumber relationship. The results are discussed in contrast to those computed from the acquired absorption spectrum, and the comparison shows that both methods give consistent results. The temporal characteristics of the emissions were also studied based on 0.98 μm pulse pumping. The study shows that the infrared emissions at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.8 μm show mono-exponentially temporal behavior. Instead, the decays of two visible emissions at 0.56 and 0.67 μm show considerable non-exponential features; each trace can be fitted double-exponentially. The non-exponential behavior is associated with those erbium ions that are present in the form of clusters, which enables non-radiative upconversion depopulation and hence additional contribution to the decay through cross relaxation between the erbium ions in clusters. The study also shows that about half of the erbium ions are present in the cluster state in the studied crystal.

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13

Piguet, Claude. "Extricating erbium." Nature Chemistry 6, no. 4 (March 21, 2014): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1908.

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14

Quiroz-Mercado, H., E. Sanchez-Buenfil, J. L. Guerrero-Naranjo, D. Ochoa-Contreras, M. Ruiz-Cruz, G. Marcellino, and D. J. Damico. "Successful Erbium." Retina 23, no. 3 (June 2003): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200306000-00041.

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15

Khatri, Khalil A. "Erbium Resurfacing." Dermatologic Surgery 41, no. 5 (May 2015): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000000343.

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16

Vojtíšek, Pavel, and Jan Rohovec. "Preparation and Structural Characterization of the Intermediate Complex [Er{H2C8H16N4(CH2COO)3(CH2(Ph)PO2)}(H2O)2]2Cl2·xH2O in the Reaction of Er3+ and the dota-Type Ligand. an Interesting Example of Two Stereoforms of a Lanthanide Complex." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, no. 2 (2006): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20060264.

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The synthesis of a new H4do3aPPh ligand related to the 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (dota) family is described together with its erbium(III) complexes. The complexes constitute a new type of coordination compounds within the Ln-dota family, with the macrocycle protonated and erbium ions above the ring. They represent an intermediate stage on the way from the ligand to the classical in-cavity complexes. In addition, the erbium complexes have been isolated in two stereoforms, differing mainly in the arrangement on the erbium ion. The coordination polyhedra found are dodecahedron and square antiprism.

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17

Kenyon, A. J., C. E. Chryssou, T. M. Smeeton, C. J. Humphreys, and D. E. Hole. "Sensitisation of erbium luminescence in erbium-implanted alumina." Optical Materials 28, no. 6-7 (May 2006): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2005.09.052.

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18

Tan, R. H. C., J. M. Pearson, Y. Zheng, P. B. Wyatt, and W. P. Gillin. "Evidence for erbium-erbium energy migration in erbium(III) bis(perfluoro-p-tolyl)phosphinate." Applied Physics Letters 92, no. 10 (March 10, 2008): 103303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896105.

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19

Jauhariyah, Mukhayyarotin Niswati Rodliyatul, and Ahmad Marzuki. "Optical Properties of Erbium-Doped Tellurite Glasses: A Review and Bibliometric Study." MATEC Web of Conferences 372 (2022): 06006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237206006.

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The aim of this paper is to review the optical properties of tellurite glasses doped by erbium and describe their bibliometric study about it. The research documents on of optical properties of tellurite glasses doped by erbium in the Scopus database are 115, start from 1999 until now. The visualization of the research assisted by VOSviewer software. There are three clusters: (1) red cluster for the optical properties begin from the fabrication process until the characterization of glasses based on the geometrical optics phenomena, (2) green cluster for the emission spectra until the analysis using McCumbers Theory, and (3) erbium-doped tellurite glasses optical properties based on energy transfer and XRD analysis on the blue cluster. Based on the Scopus documents, not too many researchers are concerned with researching erbium-doped tellurite glasses, never more than 12 documents per year. However, the researchers are consistent to explore further exploring the characteristics of the optical properties of glass exposed to erbium ion for laser applications.The research funding shows that the tellurite glasses doped by erbium are being developed for laser applications.

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Salem, Nafisa, and Sobhy Yakout. "Sorption of rare-earth erbium from aqueous solution onto sol-gel-derived zirconia." Chemical Industry 70, no. 4 (2016): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind150911040s.

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Zirconia powder was synthesized via sol gel method and used for erbium sorption. The adsorption is strongly dependent on pH of the medium where the removal efficiency increases as the pH turns to alkaline range. The process was very fast initially and maximum adsorption was attained within 60 min of contact. Pseudo-second-order model and homogeneous particle diffusion model (HPDM) was found to be the best to correlate the diffusion of erbium into zirconia particles. Adsorption thermodynamic parameters were calculated. Erbium adsorption is an endothermic (?H > 0) and good affinity of erbium ions towards the zirconia (?S > 0).

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CULEA, E., LIDIA POP, RAVECA MUNTEAN, MARIA BOSCA, I. BRATU, and M. BOGDAN. "ER-DOPED LEAD–BISMUTHATE GLASSES: MAGNETIC AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 05 (February 20, 2007): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798490701275x.

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The effect of erbium-doping on the structural and magnetic properties of the x Er 2 O 3-(1-x)[3 Bi 2 O 3· PbO ] lead-bismuthate glasses was investigated. The glasses were investigated by infra-red spectroscopy (IR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The temperature dependence of the reciprocal susceptibility indicates that the erbium ions are isolated in samples with lower erbium ion content (x≤0.05) but for a higher content, a negative superexchange interaction between the magnetic erbium ions occurs. A structural model for the glasses is suggested on the basis of the IR spectral data.

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Halimah, Mohamed Kamari, M. N. Azlan, and S. Z. Shafinas. "Optical Properties of Erbium Doped Borotellurite Glass System." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.7.

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Erbium doped zinc borotellurite glasses were prepared by using melt-quenching method. The structural properties of the glass samples were determined by using x-ray diffraction (XRD) method and was confirmed its amorphous nature. The density and molar volume is shown to be increased with increasing content of erbium. The refractive index is found to be increased with increasing content of erbium.

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Liu, Xiao Zhen, Liang Wei Zhu, Gang Wang, Ling Ling Song, and Xiao Yun Tang. "Research on Effect of Erbium Salt in the Anodization of Aluminum." Advanced Materials Research 413 (December 2011): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.413.300.

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Erbium salt was used as additives for the first time in preparing anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) films to improve its performance. AAO films were prepared from a 15 vol. % sulphuric acid solution containing erbium salt by anodization method; the effects of concentration of erbium on microhardness and thickness of AAO film were researched, respectively. The effect of heat treatment temperature on structure of AAO film was researched. AAO films were characterized by XRD, EDAX and SEM techniques, respectively. The microhardness and thickness of AAO film were 378.5HV and 82μm respectively, which were higher 12.99% and 17.14% than those of the film prepared in electrolyte of nothing addition erbium salt respectively. The aperture of AAO film was more uniform and the surface of AAO film was smoother than those of films prepared in electrolyte of nothing addition erbium salt. The apertures of AAO film were in 25~30nm. There was not erbium in AAO film. AAO films were amorphous when heat treatment temperatures of AAO film were below 800°C, when heat treatment temperature of AAO film were 850°C and 1000°C respectively, and AAO films were γ-Al2O3and α-Al2O3film respectively.

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Muhammad Noorazlan, Azlan, Halimah Mohamed Kamari, Siti Shafinas Zulkefly, and Daud W. Mohamad. "Effect of Erbium Nanoparticles on Optical Properties of Zinc Borotellurite Glass System." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/940917.

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Erbium nanoparticles (NPs) doped zinc borotellurite glasses have been prepared by conventional melt-quenching technique with the chemical composition{[(TeO2)0.70(B2O3)0.30]1-x(ZnO)x}1-y(Er3O2)y(wherey=0.005,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05). The structural properties of the prepared glasses were determined via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and FTIR analysis. It was confirmed that the prepared glasses are amorphous. The bonding parameters of the glasses were analyzed by using FTIR analysis and were confirmed to be ionic in nature. The refractive index increases as the content of erbium NPs increases. The optical absorption spectra revealed that fundamental absorption edge shifts to longer wavelength as the content of erbium NPs increases. The value of band gap had been calculated and shown to be decreased with an increase content of erbium NPs. The Urbach energy was shown to be linearly increased with an increase content of erbium NPs oxides.

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Zhou, Xue Fang, and Shan Yuan. "Study on Structure Optimization of Multi-Wavelength Brillouin-Erbium Doped Fiber Laser." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2792.

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A ring cavity multiwavelength Brillouin erbium-doped optical fiber laser （EDFL）based on the stimulated brillouin scattering effects and linear gain mechanism of erbium-doped fiber was demonstrated, in which single mode fiber was used as Brillouin gain medium and the Stokes signal was amplified by using the erbium-doped fiber amplifier, so that the laser can produce a stable multi-wavelength output at room temperature. Through the study and analysis of the position of the circular and coupler and the access mode of the coupler, we found that they both had influence on the output of the brillouin-erbium fiber laser. Then we have done some experiments at the Brillouin pump power of 14 dBm and the 980 nm pump power of 23 dBm, and single mode fiber length of 10km. The results showed that the access mode of the coupler affects the output of the brillouin-erbium fiber laser obviously. The detailed test results and the corresponding explanation were given.

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Зарипов, Р. Б., Л. В. Мингалиева, В. Ф. Тарасов, Е. В. Жариков, К. А. Субботин, and Д. А. Лис. "Димерная самоорганизация примесных ионов эрбия в синтетическом форстерите." Физика твердого тела 61, no. 2 (2019): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2019.02.47131.227.

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AbstractThe electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of impurity trivalent erbium ions in synthetic forsterite single crystals (Mg_2SiO_4) have been studied by the electron paramagnetic resonance method in the X and Q frequency bands. It is found that erbium ions predominantly substitute for magnesium ions in crystallographic position M1 that is characterized by the inversion symmetry of the crystal field. In this case, a pronounced effect of dimer self-organization of erbium ions during the crystal growth takes place; the effect is manifested in the fact that the concentration of erbium dimer associates consisting of two closely spaced ions bound by the spin– spin interaction is several orders of magnitude higher than the concentration of dimer associates that form randomly at a statistical distribution of impurity ions in the forsterite crystal lattice. The directions of the main magnetic axes and the parameters of the effective spin Hamiltonian describing the magnetic characteristics of impurity erbium centers have been determined.

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SEKAK, K. A., S. ABDULLAH, S. PAIMAN, and W. M. YUNUS. "PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND PHOTOACOUSTIC EFFECT OF ERBIUM-DOPED POROUS SILICON NANOSTRUCTURE." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 04n05 (August 2006): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06004851.

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We applied photoluminescence (PL) and photoacoustic techniques on erbium-doped porous silicon nanostructured ( Er -doped-PSN) to study the influences of weight percent (%) of erbium-doped in PSN. Erbium-doped PSN has been intensively studied due their potentiality for optical devices such as waveguide and optical amplifier. Electrochemical technique was used to prepare the PSN samples. Polished p-type [100] c- Si was used as based material. Erbium doping process was carried out by electrodeposition technique using Erbium Chloride ( ErCl 3) and ethanol composition as electrolyte. The weight percent of Er concentration is varied to get the optimum effect on PL. The doping process improves PL intensity and changing in peak position. Photoluminescence measurements were performed in the visible light range and excited with the 380 nm line a Xenon ( Xe ) light source. Photoacoustic (PA) measurements is useful to obtain the optical absorption characteristic for strongly scattering media such as PSN and it helps to confirm the possibility of a strong quantum confinement effect.

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Yan, Pengpeng, Weiming Xu, Heng Hu, Zhenqiang Zhang, Zhaoyang Li, and Rong Shu. "Recent Advances, Applications, and Perspectives in Erbium-Doped Fiber Combs." Photonics 11, no. 3 (February 21, 2024): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030192.

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Optical frequency combs have emerged as a new generation of metrological tools, driving advancements in various fields such as free-space two-way time–frequency transfer, low-noise microwave source generation, and gas molecule detection. Among them, fiber combs based on erbium-doped fiber mode-locked lasers have garnered significant attention due to their numerous advantages, including low noise, high system integration, and cost-effectiveness. In this review, we discuss recent developments in erbium-doped fiber combs and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of constructing fiber combs utilizing different erbium-doped mode-locked fiber lasers. First, we provide a brief introduction to the basic principles of optical frequency combs. Then, we explore erbium-doped fiber combs implemented utilizing various mode-locking techniques, such as nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR), real saturable absorber (SA), and nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). Finally, we present an outlook on the future perspectives of erbium-doped fiber combs.

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Abdullah, Ali, El Mostafa Benchafia, Daniel Choi, and Sufian Abedrabbo. "Synthesis and Characterization of Erbium-Doped Silica Films Obtained by an Acid–Base-Catalyzed Sol–Gel Process." Nanomaterials 13, no. 9 (April 28, 2023): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13091508.

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Erbium-doped silica films were synthesized using a two-step sol–gel methodology that involved acid and base catalysts, with erbium concentration ranging from 0.2% to 6% and annealing temperatures varying from 500 °C to 900 °C. The photoluminescence spectra showed that the samples exhibiting efficient emission were annealed at 800 °C and 900 °C and doped with 3% and 6% erbium. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the internal structure of the films was influenced by the different annealing temperatures and the doping concentrations. Samples with dominant 4f transitions were modelled. The results suggest that the proposed method is a promising approach for the synthesis of erbium-doped silica films with potential applications in optical devices.

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Meng, Yin-Shan, Mu-Wen Yang, Ling Xu, Jin Xiong, Ji-Yun Hu, Tao Liu, Bing-Wu Wang, and Song Gao. "Design principle of half-sandwich type erbium single-ion magnets through crystal field engineering: a combined magnetic and electronic structure study." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 28 (2019): 10407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01954e.

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31

Kashtiban, R. J., U. Bangert, I. F. Crowe, and M. P. Halsall. "Erbium environments in erbium-silicon/silica light emitting nanostructures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 281 (February 1, 2011): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/281/1/012016.

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32

Hassani, Alireza, Ezatollah Arzi, and Faramarz E. Seraji. "Intensity based erbium distribution for erbium doped fiber amplifiers." Optical and Quantum Electronics 39, no. 1 (March 27, 2007): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11082-007-9062-z.

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33

Alaruri, Sami D. "Gain, Noise Figure and Efficiency Characteristics of an L-Band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2012100101.

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In this work, the construction of a single stage L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier which incorporates a short 5.1 m erbium doped fiber coil is described. Gain and noise figure measurements as a function of forward, backward and counter-propagating CW 1480 nm pumping schemes at different pump power levels are presented. Further, the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) power conversion efficiency (PCE) calculations as a function of pump power are provided.

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QIU, WEI, YUNDONG ZHANG, JIANBO YE, HE TIAN, JIANFANG WANG, NAN WANG, HAO WANG, and PING YUAN. "VARIABLE GROUP VELOCITY SLOWDOWN IN SLOW-LIGHT MEDIA." Modern Physics Letters B 22, no. 09 (April 10, 2008): 671–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984908015140.

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We investigated the variations of group velocity slowdown in erbium-doped optical fiber. According to the population oscillation effect, the numerical model of the group velocity slowdown was established. From the theoretical calculation, the group velocity slowdown is tunable due to the variety of steady ground state erbium ion population [Formula: see text]. To validate the effect of ion population for slow light, the experimental research was implemented via highly-doped erbium fiber.

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35

Vasilyeva, A. V., and A. A. Getman. "ERBIUM AND ITS APPLICATION IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 3 (October 10, 2017): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2017-3-95-96.

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Hsu, Yu-Ting, Che-Chi Lee, Wen-How Lan, Kai-Feng Huang, Kuo-Jen Chang, Jia-Ching Lin, Shao-Yi Lee, Wen-Jen Lin, Mu-Chun Wang, and Chien-Jung Huang. "Thickness Study of Er-Doped Magnesium Zinc Oxide Diode by Spray Pyrolysis." Crystals 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst8120454.

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Erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxides were prepared through spray pyrolysis deposition at 450 °C with an aqueous solution containing magnesium nitrate, zinc acetate, erbium acetate, and indium nitrate precursors. Diodes with different erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxide thicknesses were fabricated. The effect of erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxide was investigated. The crystalline structure and surface morphology were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The films exhibited a zinc oxide structure, with (002), (101), and (102) planes and tiny rods in a mixed hexagonal flakes surface morphology. With the photoluminescence analyses, defect states were identified. The diodes were fabricated via a metallization process in which the top contact was Au and the bottom contact was In. The current–voltage characteristics of these diodes were characterized. The structure resistance increased with the increase in erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxide thickness. With a reverse bias in excess of 8 V, the light spectrum, with two distinct green light emissions at wavelengths of 532 nm and 553 nm, was observed. The light intensity that resulted when using a different operation current of the diodes was investigated. The diode with an erbium-doped magnesium zinc oxide thickness of 230 nm shows high light intensity with an operational current of 80 mA. The emission spectrum with different injection currents for the diodes was characterized and the mechanism is discussed.

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Rodrigues, Gelson L. C., Tainara G. de Oliveira, Suziete B. S. Gusmão, Odair P. Ferreira, Thiago L. Vasconcelos, Yuset Guerra, Raquel Milani, Ramón Peña-Garcia, and Bartolomeu C. Viana. "Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Titanate Nanotubes with Erbium under Heat Treatment in Different Atmospheres." Materials 16, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 1842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051842.

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Titanate nanotubes were synthesized and subjected to an ion exchange reaction with erbium salt aqueous solution to obtain titanate nanotubes exchanged with erbium (3+) ions. In order to evaluate the effects of the thermal treatment atmosphere on the structural and optical properties of erbium titanate nanotubes, we subjected them to heat treatment in air and argon atmospheres. For comparison, titanate nanotubes were also treated in the same conditions. A complete structural and optical characterizations of the samples was performed. The characterizations evidenced the preservation of the morphology with the presence of phases of erbium oxides decorating the surface of the nanotubes. Variations in the dimensions of the samples (diameter and interlamellar space) were promoted by the replacement of Na+ by Er3+ and the thermal treatment in different atmospheres. In addition, the optical properties were investigated by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results revealed that the band gap of the samples depends on the variation of diameter and sodium content caused by ion exchange and thermal treatment. Furthermore, the luminescence strongly depended on vacancies, evidenced mainly by the calcined erbium titanate nanotubes in argon atmosphere. The presence of these vacancies was confirmed by the determination of Urbach energy. The results suggest the use of thermal treated erbium titanate nanotubes in argon atmosphere in optoelectronics and photonics applications, such as photoluminescent devices, displays, and lasers.

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Rodriguez, Mark A., Clark S. Snow, Ryan R. Wixom, Anna Llobet, and James F. Browning. "In situ observation of ErD2 formation during D2 loading via neutron diffraction." Powder Diffraction 26, no. 2 (June 2011): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3582804.

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In an effort to better understand the structural changes occurring during hydrogen loading of erbium target materials, we have performed in situ D2 loading of erbium metal (powder) at temperature (450°C) with simultaneous neutron diffraction analysis. This experiment tracked the conversion of Er metal to the α erbium deuteride (solid-solution) phase and then into the β (fluorite) phase. Complete conversion to ErD2.0 was accomplished at 10 Torr D2 pressure with deuterium fully occupying the tetrahedral sites in the fluorite lattice.

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Gokdemir, F. Pınar, Ece Yuzbasioglu, A. Evrim Saatci, Orhan Ozdemir, and Kubilay Kutlu. "Effect of Erbium Doping on Sol-Gel Synthesized Vanadium Pentoxide and Titanium Dioxide Thin Films." Key Engineering Materials 605 (April 2014): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.400.

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Comparative work of erbium doped vanadium pentoxide and titanium dioxide thin films were carried out via sol gel technique by dissolving erbium (III) nitrate pentahydrate in vanadium (V) oxoisopropoxide and titanium (IV) isopropoxide. Fourier Transform IR and thermogravimetric/differential thermal measurements were performed to find out erbium substitution. UV-Vis. spectroscopy indicated a blue shift upon Er doping in V2O5film due to the softening of V=O bond. The similar behavior was expected in TiO2film and the prediction shall be shown only if annealing of the film above 600°C, resulting oxygen deficiency in anatase TiO2while Ti deficiency in rutile TiO2film. Due to such impact of erbium on structure, granule size of the films, determined by AFM, increased yielding more space for intercalation of ion in host materials and monitored through cyclic voltammetry measurements.

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López-Romero, R. E., G. G. Pérez-Sánchez, I. Aldaya, D. Y. Medina, E. L. Martínez-Piñeiro, I. A. Figueroa, and R. Escudero. "Characterization of the optical gain at 1550 nm of erbium-oxalate single crystals." Optical Materials Express 14, no. 5 (April 5, 2024): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.515335.

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Erbium is well-recognized as a key element for optical amplification at the 1550 nm operation band. However, the limited solubility of this material in vitreous matrices sets a critical constraint to the achievable optical gain, which limits its applicability in photonic integrated platforms. One of the solutions to increase the concentration of erbium is to employ a crystalline structure instead of a glass. In this paper, we characterize samples of erbium and erbium-ytterbium oxalate single crystals synthesized using the gel diffusion method. X-ray diffraction spectra and thermogravimetric analyses reveal that the synthesis method indeed generated the expected compound, and the pump-and-probe experiments demonstrate an on-off gain coefficient of ≈ 6.5 dB/mm, making this material a high-potential candidate for the implementation of integrated optical amplifiers.

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Peng, Y., J. X. Hu, H. Lu, R. M. Wilson, M. Motevalli, I. Hernández, W. P. Gillin, P. B. Wyatt, and H. Q. Ye. "Functionalisation of ligands through click chemistry: long-lived NIR emission from organic Er(iii) complexes with a perfluorinated core and a hydrogen-containing shell." RSC Advances 7, no. 1 (2017): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25494b.

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Erbium complexes with a fluorinated organic core shell linked to a hydrogen-containing shell, have been synthesized using the click reaction between erbium(iii) bis(perfluoro-4-azidophenyl)phosphinate and a series of alkynes.

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Alassaf, Saleh H., Vladimir I. Savander, and Ahmed A. Hassan. "Use of erbium as a burnable absorber for the VVER reactor core life extension." Nuclear Energy and Technology 6, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.6.60563.

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The paper presents the results of a computational and theoretical analysis concerned with the use of erbium as a burnable absorber in VVER-type reactors. Partial refueling options for the reactor life extension to 18 and 24 months is considered, the refueling ratio being equal to three for the 18-month life and to two for the 24-month life. Erbium is expected to be present in all fuel elements in the FA with the same weight content. The influence of the erbium weight content on such neutronic characteristics of the reactor and fuel as burn-up, reactivity coefficients, residual volume of “liquid" control, and amounts of the liquid radioactive waste (LRW) formed was assessed. The calculations were performed using a simplified model of refueling without FA reshuffling. An infinite array of polycells consisting of FAs with different in-core times was considered. The escape of neutrons from the core was taken into account by selecting the critical value K∞ at the end of life. Erbium does not burn up in full for the lifetime which affects the fuel burn-up as compared with the liquid excessive reactivity compensation system. The reduction is 0.7% per 0.1% of the erbium weight load in the fuel elements. This, however, also reduces the maximum content of the boron absorber in the coolant and the LRW accumulation in the ratio of 5% per 0.1% of the erbium weight load. Erbium influences the spectral component of the coolant temperature reactivity coefficient which turns out to be negative even with its minor weight fraction in fuel elements, and a reduction in the boron absorber fraction leads to a positive value of the density reactivity coefficient. As a result, the overall coolant temperature reactivity coefficient has a negative value throughout the lifetime.

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Bae, Hyeongyu, and Kang Taek Lee. "Effect of tetragonal to cubic phase transition on the upconversion luminescence properties of A/B site erbium-doped perovskite BaTiO3." RSC Advances 9, no. 5 (2019): 2451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09783f.

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At the critical temperature, B-site doping with erbium shows abnormal upconversion efficiency as a function of temperature in perovskite crystals, which was attributed to the symmetry of the crystalline structure around the erbium ions.

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44

Hendi, Seyedeh Sareh, Negin Amiri, Banafsheh Poormoradi, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, Saeid Afshar, and Maryam Farhadian. "Antibacterial Effects of Erbium Chromium Laser along with/without Silver Nanoparticles in Root Canals Infected by Enterococcus faecalis." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (April 7, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6659146.

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This study investigates the antibacterial effects of erbium chromium laser at 2780 nm, silver nanoparticles, and erbium chromium along with silver nanoparticles on Enterococcus faecalis in comparison with sodium hypochlorite. In the present study, 90 extracted human single-rooted teeth were selected and standardized to a length of 15 mm. The canals were prepared by V-taper Gold rotary files and then incubated with E. faecalis for 21 days. The samples were divided into four experimental groups including hypochlorite sodium, silver nanoparticle, erbium chromium laser, and erbium chromium laser along with silver nanoparticle groups. Results showed that there was a significant reduction in colony count for all groups after interventions. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the colony count for sodium hypochlorite group in comparison with another groups, and this group showed the highest reduction of colony count. There was a significant difference between silver nanoparticles and erbium chromium laser groups in colony count. According to the results, the silver nanoparticles offered strong antibacterial effects on E. faecalis and therefore can decrease bacterial colonies, while the use of the laser, despite the reduction of the bacterial colony, could not be sufficiently used for disinfection of root canal system.

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Lavu, Vamsi, Subramoniam Sundaram, Ram Sabarish, and Suresh Ranga Rao. "Root Surface Bio-modification with Erbium Lasers- A Myth or a Reality??" Open Dentistry Journal 9, no. 1 (February 10, 2015): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601509010079.

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The objective of this literature review was to critically review the evidence available in the literature regarding the expediency of erbium family of lasers for root bio modification as a part of periodontal therapy. The literature search was performed on the Pubmed using MeSH words such as "lasers/therapeutic use, scaling, dental calculus, tooth root/anatomy and histology, ultrasonic therapy". The studies were screened and were grouped as follows: those evaluating a) efficacy for calculus removal with the Erbium family of laser b) root surface changes following Er YAG and Er Cr YSGG application c) comparative studies of the Er YAG, Er Cr YSGG lasers versus conventional methods of root surface modification d) Bio compatibility of root surface following Erbium laser treatment e) Studies on the combined efficacy of laser root modification with conventional methods towards root surface bio-modification f) Studies on effectiveness of root surface bio-modification prior to root coverage procedures. In conclusion, the erbium family has a proven anti-bacterial action, predictable calculus removal, minimal root substance removal, and appears to favor cell attachment. The Erbium family of lasers appears to be a useful adjunct for the management of periodontal disease.

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Yan, Senlin. "Two chaotic synchronizations in er-doped fiber lasers and their application in two-channel coding secure communications." ITM Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224502008.

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A dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser has nonlinear dynamic characteristics based on optical coupling interaction of lasing from the two laser rings and can send chaotic lasing to encode and mask an information to perform secure communication. Two independent groups of single-ring erbium-doped fiber lasers and a dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser are used to construct two-channel chaos secure communication system while the synchronization’s physical mathematical model is presented by using the “active-passive” chaotic synchronization method, where a dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser is used as a transmitter and two independent groups of single-ring erbium-doped fiber lasers are used as two receivers. Our numerical simulation shows that these two receivers can synchronize with the transmitter respectively. A two-channel chaotic hidden encoding secure communications with a modulation frequency of 10kHz analog signal and a rate of 20kbit/s digital signal are numerically simulated respectively, which shows to have good decoding quality and strong security. The obtained result shows that the chaotic coding system can be well applied in chaotic two channel secure communications. The research results have an important reference value for optical multi-channel secure communication and network security.

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Chen, Lu, Yang Li, Houkun Liang, and Han Wu. "A Theoretical Investigation of an Ultrawide S-, C- and L-Band-Tunable Random Fiber Laser Based on the Combination of Tellurite Fiber and Erbium-Doped Fiber." Photonics 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2024): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030247.

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In this paper, we present a new scheme to generate ultrawide tunable random fiber lasers (RFLs) covering the S-, C- and L-band by combining the broadband Raman gain in tellurite fibers and the active gain in erbium-doped fibers. A numerical simulation based on the power-balance model is conducted to verify the feasibility of the ultrawide tunable random fiber lasing generation. Pumped by a 1450 nm laser, the tunable random Raman fiber laser in the ranges of 1480–1560 nm and 1590–1640 nm can only be realized with a tellurite fiber. To further fill in the emission gap in the range of 1560–1590 nm, the erbium-doped fiber is incorporated in the cavity, which can provide efficient erbium-doped gain in the C- and L-band. By combining a 100 m long tellurite fiber and an 8 m long erbium-doped fiber, an ultrawide tunable RFL based on hybrid erbium–Raman gain can be realized with a wavelength tuning range (1480 nm–1640 nm) covering the S-, C- and L-band at 3.5 W pump power. Such a widely tunable RFL is of great importance in applications such as optical communication, sensing and imaging.

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Shokeir, Hesham A., Maha R. Abo Eittah, and Noura A. El Seessy. "Study on the Effect Fractional Ablative Erbium: YAG Laser in Treatment of Melasma." NeuroQuantology 19, no. 5 (June 10, 2021): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2021.19.5.nq21051.

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Introduction: Melasma is a kind of acquired chronic hyperpigmentation that primarily have an effect on women on sun-exposed regions of the body, particularly on the face in Fitzpatrick skin types III-V. The investigation background is at the Dermatology Clinic at NILES, Cairo University, Egypt. The aim: This investigation aims to evaluate the clinical value and protection of fractional ablative erbium: YAG Laser therapy in handling the melasma. Patients, materials and methods: This study included 30 patients with melasma on their face aged 20-50 years. The patients were treated by four sessions of fractional erbium YAG laser at a period of four weeks. Results: The percentage of improvement in patients treated by fractional erbium YAG laser was 20 – 80% with a mean 54.33 ± 18.01. Conclusion: It was monitored that fractional erbium YAG is successful in treatment of patients with melasma.

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Zhou, Pai, Xia-Xia Li, Xue-Yan Xing, Yu-Hui Chen, and Xiang-Dong Zhang. "Quantum memory and manipulation based on erbium doped crystals." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 6 (2022): 064203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211803.

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Quantum information is a rapidly emerging field aiming at combining two of the greatest advances in science and technology of the twentieth century, that is, quantum mechanics and information science. To reliably generate, store, process, and transmit quantum information, diverse systems have been studied. While for specific tasks some of these systems are more suitable than others, no single system can meet all envisioned demands. Erbium doped crystal has optical transition at 1.5 μm and possesses long optical coherence time and spin coherence time, and thus is one of the best candidates in building several essential blocks for quantum information applications. In this review, we summarize the applications of erbium doped crystals in quantum memories, quantum transducers, quantum sources, and quantum manipulations based on erbium-erbium interactions. Finally, the outlooks for near term prospects of the mentioned topics are also given.

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Kenyon, A. J. "Erbium in silicon." Semiconductor Science and Technology 20, no. 12 (November 9, 2005): R65—R84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/20/12/r02.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Erbium'

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