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Lieto, Louis D. "Characterization of Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta in Equus caballus." UKnowledge, 2001. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/475.
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Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta (EI) is a mechanobullous disease that occurs in newborn American Saddlebred and Belgian Draft foals. Necropsy evaluations of two American Saddlebred foals revealed broad skin lesions, dental abnormalities and oral mucosa lesions. Construction of a partial pedigree showing occurrences of EI in American Saddlebred horses was consistent with a recessive pattern of inheritance. An allelic frequency of 0.04 was estimated for the EI gene. The pathological signs of EI were similar to a disease in humans known as Herlitz Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (HJEB). HJEB is caused by a defect in one of the three subunits of the laminin 5 protein (LAM 3, LAM 3 and LAM 2), which leads to a separation of the epidermis from the dermis. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a separation within the lamina lucida at the sites of epidermal/dermal splits in the skin of EI affected foals. This indicated that a defect in the laminin 5 protein was responsible for EI. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) between microsatellite markers and the EI disease locus was tested for in the American Saddlebred and Belgian Draft breeds. Genotyping of microsatellite alleles was used to determine fit to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for control and EI populations for both breeds using Chi square analysis. Two microsatellite loci (ASB14 and AHT3) were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in EI affected American Saddlebred horses. This suggested that the EI disease locus was located on ECA 8, the putative location of LAM 3. No evidence of LD between any of the tested microsatellite loci and the EI locus was observed in the Belgian Draft samples. A cDNA library was built from Thoroughbred horse skin to serve as a resource for sequencing equine skin gene transcripts. 313 ESTs were sequenced, of which 207 were putatively identified (66%) by database search. Examination of the pathology and ultrastructure of EI affected foals and comparison with HJEB indicated that laminin 5 was the responsible defective protein. The LD analysis suggested that LAM 3 was the EI disease locus in American Saddlebred horses.
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Lieto, Louis Dyral. "Characterization of Epitheliogenesis Imperfecta in Equus caballus." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2001. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyvesc2001d00008/DISSERTATION.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 137 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-135).
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Proops, Leanne. "Social cognition in domestic horses (Equus caballus)." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39665/.
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The social intelligence hypothesis states that the main selection pressures driving increases in brain-to-body ratio are social rather than ecological. The domestic horse is an ideal animal to study within this framework because horses possess rich social lives but inhabit simple ecological environments. Here I assess the abilities of horses within two broad areas of social cognition; the classification of, and the use of information obtained from, social partners. In Section One I demonstrate that horses are capable of cross-modal individual recognition of conspecifics, an ability not previously demonstrated conclusively outside of humans. This ability extends to identifying familiar human companions suggesting that recognition systems are highly plastic in the individuals they can encode. These results also provide the first insights into the brain mechanisms involved in this process by revealing a clear left hemisphere bias in discriminatory ability. In Section Two I investigate the extent to which horses are capable of reading human attentional and communicative cues. It has been suggested that this skill was selected for through the process of domestication, however there have been no systematic studies of domestic animals other than the domestic dog. I found that horses were indeed highly skilled at determining if people were paying attention to them. In contrast they tended to only use basic stimulus enhancement cues to choose a rewarded bucket. A further study of young horses indicated that the ability to detect human attention requires significant experience to develop fully whereas the ability to use stimulus enhancement cues in an object choice task appears to require far less (if any) experience to develop. Overall my thesis extends our knowledge of comparative social cognition and in particular our knowledge of social cognition in horses. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that horses do indeed possess some complex socio-cognitive skills.
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Galindo, Huamán David Javier. "Seroprevalencia del virus de la rinoneumonitis equina en caballos (Equus caballus) del Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4353.
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia del virus Herpes Equino tipo 1 (VHE-1) / virus Herpes Equino tipo 4 (VHE-4), en caballos de diferentes departamentos del Perú. Se colectaron muestras de suero (n=825) de caballos mayores a 6 meses de edad entre machos y hembras de apariencia normal dedicados a distintas actividades como caballo de carrera, caballo peruano de paso, caballo de deporte, caballo de trabajo o tiro, para la detección de anticuerpos neutralizantes contra el VHE-1/VHE-4 mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. El 48.9 ± 3.4% (403/825) de las muestras tuvieron anticuerpos contra el VHE-1/VHE-4. Los anticuerpos fueron detectados en los caballos procedentes de todos los departamentos con prevalencias similares, con la única excepción de Madre de Dios con un 0% (0/5) de seroprevalencia. Los títulos de anticuerpos tuvieron un rango entre 1:2 a >1:256, siendo los títulos de 1:2 a 1:8 presentes en el 58.6% de las muestras, los de 1:16 a 1:64 en el 29.5% y los títulos de 1:128 a > 1: 256 en el 11.9% de las muestras. La prueba de regresión logística indicó que la variable sexo no constituye un factor de riesgo para la presentación de anticuerpos contra el VHE-1/VHE-4. En cuanto al tipo de actividad, los caballos de carrera, caballos peruano de paso y los dedicados al deporte constituyeron factores de riesgo de 8.8, 3.2 y 2.3 veces más de tener anticuerpos contra el VHE-1/VHE-4, respectivamente en comparación con los hallazgos en caballos de trabajo. Con respecto al lugar de procedencia, la región del centro del país constituye un factor de riesgo de 3.7 veces más, en comparación con la región nor-este del país.
Palabras clave: equinos, rinoneumonitis equina, virus herpes equino tipo 1, anticuerpos, neutralización viral, Perú.Tesis
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Wirtu, Gemechu G. "Xenogenous Intrafallopian Transfer of Horse (Equus caballus) Gametes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34626.
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This study was undertaken to evaluate fertilization and early embryo development of in vitro matured (IVM) horse oocytes following transfer with homologous sperm to the oviduct of estrous ewes. A total of 1023 follicles (5.1 per ovary) were found after processing 202 slaughterhouse ovaries by aspiration and subsequent slicing. Most follicles (79%) were less than 20-mm in diameter. Six hundred sixty-seven oocytes were recovered (3.3 per ovary; recovery rate, 65%). About two-thirds of oocytes were recovered by slicing, which yielded twice the number of oocytes as aspiration. Sixty four percent cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) recovered by each method were grade A and the overall distribution of oocytes by grade was not affected by the method of recovery. Oocytes underwent IVM for an average of 41-h and were subjected to either in vitro fertilization (IVF) or xenogenous gamete intrafallopian transfer (XGIFT). At the onset of IVM, 83% COCs had compact cumulus investment. At the end of IVM, 78% COCs showed cumulus expansion. The expansion score was not improved with increasing the IVM duration from 32.3 to 50.3 h. Five (15%) IVF oocytes showed changes indicative of fertilization and two cleaved to 3 and 4-cell stages. Oviducts of 16 ewes were use for XGIFT, which involved surgical transfer of an average of 13 oocytes with 40x103 capacitated spermatozoa per oocyte. Of 259 oocytes transferred, 36 (14%) were recovered between 2 to 7 d post XGIFT and 13 (36%) showed cleavage ranging from the 2-cell to hatching blastocyst stage. The ovarian status of ewes and ligation of the uterotubal junction (UTJ) at the time of XGIFT, or the duration gametes were allowed to reside in the uterine tube, did not affect the recovery and cleavage rate. However, the most advanced stage embryos were recovered from ewes ovulating shortly after XGIFT. Fertilization following XGIFT was further demonstrated by the detection of ZFY loci in one embryo. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that horse embryos could be produced in a non-equine species. However, further studies focusing on the establishment of pregnancy in the mare using such embryos and improvement of the recovery and fertilization rates following XGIFT are recommended for use of XGIFT in horse assisted reproduction.Master of Science
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Mercado, Vallejo Erick. "Prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en caballos (Equus caballus) pertenecientes a la Subdirección de la unidad de montados, caninos y grupos de apoyo al medio ambiente unidad Zinacantepec, de la Comisión Estatal de Seguridad del Estado de México." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universida Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/99544.
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Tesis de licenciatura de Erick Mercado VallejoEl presente trabajo se llevó a cabo para determinar la prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en caballos (Equus caballus) pertenecientes a la Subdirección de la unidad de montados, caninos y grupos de apoyo al medio ambiente unidad Zinacantepec, de la Comisión Estatal de Seguridad del Estado de México. Para la realización de dicho trabajo se analizaron las muestras fecales de 40 equinos, las cuales fueron tomadas directamente del ano para su posterior identificación, registro y análisis en los laboratorios del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal (CIESA) de la FMVZ-UAEMex, las muestras fueron procesadas mediante las técnicas coproparasitoscópicas de concentración por flotación, sedimentación simple y Mc Master. Los resultados de los análisis coprológicos evidenciaron que el 72.5% (29/40) de los caballos que fueron muestreados y procesadas las muestras mediante técnica de concentración por flotación presentan algún tipo de parasitismo, siendo el 37.93% (11/29) una infestación por un solo tipo de parasito; Trichostrongylus spp 13.79% (4/29), Strongylus spp 13.79% (4/29), Trichonema spp 6.89% (2/29), Parascaris equorum 3.44% (1/29) y el 62.06% (18/29) una infestación mixta; Trichonema spp + Trichostrongylus spp 27.58% (8/29), Trichonema spp + Strongylus spp 6.98% (2/29), Trichonema spp + Parascaris equorum 6.89% (2/29), Trichostrongylus spp Strongylus spp 10.34% (3/29), Trichostrongylus spp + Parascaris equorum 3.44% (1/29) y Strongylus spp + Parascaris equorum 6.89% (2/29). La técnica de sedimentación simple se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de identificar huevos de trematodos, específicamente Fasciola hepática evidenciando el 100% de negatividad. El conteo de huevos por gramo de heces (hpgh) fue realizado mediante la técnica de Mc Master a muestras que dieron como positivo a algún tipo de parásito mediante la técnica de concentración por flotación, teniendo como resultado un rango en el total de la población muestreada de entre 300 a 800 hpgh. Estos resultados parecen indicar fallas en los programas de prevención y control de parásitos, además de una posible resistencia parasitaria a los desparasitantes de uso convencional. En conclusión, se reportó una alta prevalencia de parásitos gastrointestinales en los equinos muestreados.
Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la UAEM
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Smith, Amy Victoria. "Responses of domestic horses (Equus caballus) to human emotional signals." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70055/.
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The communication of emotion is fundamental for social cohesion and information sharing in social species. It may be highly beneficial for domestic animals to recognise human emotional signals, as this would allow them to make informed decisions about their interactions with humans, and about events in human-dominated environments. To date, the literature in this area has largely focused on domestic dogs' (Canis familiaris) abilities. The present thesis extends this field of research to include domestic horses (Equus caballus), which represent an appropriate alternative study species due to their close co-evolutionary history with humans, their high natural levels of sociality, and their established abilities to respond to a range of other, non-emotional social signals of humans. Previous research into horses' abilities to read human emotions has produced mixed results, and too few studies have been conducted to draw firm conclusions. This thesis presents a series of behavioural experiments that investigate horses' responses to human emotional expressions when presented as isolated cues: photographs showing facial expressions of anger and happiness (Article I, Part i and ii); photographs showing facial expressions of fear, happiness, and neutrality (Article II); audio files of emotional vocalisations depicting happiness and anger (Article III); and live human actors displaying body postures of dominance and submissiveness (Article IV). The results reveal that horses show aversive behavioural and physiological responses towards angry facial expressions; behavioural attractions towards fearful facial expressions (possibly due to the function of fear in appeasement); an increased vigilance towards angry vocalisations, as indicated by freeze behaviour; and preferences for approaching submissively postured humans. This thesis therefore demonstrates that horses respond appropriately to a range of human emotional signals without prior training, which may have theoretical implications for investigating the flexibility of emotion perception across species, and applied interest for horse management and welfare.
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Barbalho, Patr?cia Cruz. "Din?mica social e movimento coletivo em ?guas (Equus caballus)." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM PSICOBIOLOGIA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/21615.
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Este trabalho analisa a din?mica social de um grupo de ?guas em tr?s dimens?es: di?dica, tri?dica e coletiva. Est? dividido em tr?s Cap?tulos cujos objetivos s?o: 1) descrever intera??es di?dicas afiliativas e agon?sticas e caracterizar a din?mica social de parcerias preferenciais; 2) analisar ocorr?ncias e intera??es em conflitos (interven??es de terceiros) e p?s-conflitos (reconcilia??o, consolo e apaziguamento) e 3) caracterizar a din?mica de movimentos coletivos sob an?lises de fatores pr?prios do indiv?duo (idade, peso, ranque e estado reprodutivo). O estudo foi realizado no Haras Volta (Frei Paulo, SE, Brasil) em 2012 e 2013. Foi observado um grupo de 64 ?guas e 20 potros lactentes da ra?a manga-larga machador. Foram realizadas tr?s tipos de observa??es diurnas: 1) focal (ocorr?ncias de comportamentos agon?stico, afiliativos, sincronia e mudan?a de dire??o = 130 horas); 2) todas as ocorr?ncias de conflitos em 304 h e 3) varreduras (posicionamento e atividade = 117 varreduras) que geraram informa??es de proximidade (valor da rela??o), rede social e dist?ncias entre os animais. No Cap. 1 descreveu-se que as ?guas se envolveram mais em afilia??o do que em agonismo. ? poss?vel que a sincronia na dire??o possa ser um tipo de afilia??o tamb?m nessa esp?cie. ?guas mais velhas e mais pesadas tiveram ranques mais elevados, mas n?o houve categoria mais agressiva que outra. Parceiras preferenciais apresentaram similaridade em idade, peso, for?a nos relacionamentos e centralidade social, sendo que a din?mica social dessas parcerias caracterizou-se por proximidade e baixo agonismo entre parceiras. A afilia??o e a sincronia foram mais direcionadas para animais neutros do que para parceiras preferenciais. No Cap. 2 reportou-se que reconcilia??o, consolo/apaziguamento e interven??o em conflitos (IC) ocorreram em 57%, 37% e 31% dos conflitos, respectivamente. A ocorr?ncia de reconcilia??o ou dispers?o, realizadas pelas d?ades com e sem reconcilia??o, respectivamente, podem ser estrat?gias para redu??o da incerteza/instabilidade social p?s-conflito. Os conflitos ocorreram entre ?guas com pouca proximidade e reconcilia??o n?o foi dependente do valor da rela??o (amizade), mas o consolo e apaziguamento foram. A interven??o em conflitos foi realizada por ?guas com idade e ranque mais elevados que os das oponentes do conflito, e n?o foi direcionada a parceiras preferenciais, sugerindo manuten??o da estabilidade social. No Cap. 3 detectou-se que n?o houve uma categoria de indiv?duos que se posicionasse com maior frequ?ncia ao centro do rebanho. ?guas mais velhas tenderam a estar ? frente do grupo. Animais mais jovens (potros) foram socialmente mais centrais e animais com necessidades nutricionais diferenciadas (prenhes e lactantes) e de alto ranque foram menos centrais socialmente. Mais da metade do rebanho esteve direcionado, com anteced?ncia, para o sentido que o grupo veio a seguir e o ?ndice de concord?ncia na dire??o (ICD) foi maior quando o grupo se deslocou mais. Isso pode sugerir que o sentido do deslocamento do grupo foi determinado pelo sentido do corpo da maioria dos animais (minimizando custos de consenso), que pode ter ocorrido por processo mim?tico de sincroniza??o, sugerindo uma forma simplificada de coordena??o (lideran?a) distribu?da em pastejo. ?guas vazias e de baixo ranque ajustaram mais suas dire??es em pastejo ? dire??o das outras ?guas. Isso indica maior ocorr?ncia de processos mim?ticos de sincronismo, o que pode levar a coordena??o do movimento ser efetuada por animais que mantenham maior consist?ncia na dire??o ou por animais mais velhos.
This study analyzes the social dynamics of a group of mares in three dimensions: dyadic, triadic, and collective. It is divided in three chapters which objectives are: 1) describe the dyadic affiliative and agonistic interactions and characterize the social dynamics of preferable partnerships; 2) analyze the occurrences and interactions in conflict (third part interventions) and post-conflicts (reconciliation, consolation, and appeasement); and 3) characterize collective movement dynamics under analyzes of individuals features (age, weight, rank, and reproductive state).The study was carried out at Volta Haras (Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brazil) in 2012 and 2013. A group of 64 mares and 21 suckling foals of manga-larga marchador breed were observed. Three daytime methods of behavioral records were employed: 1) continuous animal-focal (registering occurrence of agonistic and affiliative behaviors, synchrony and change of direction) totaling 130 hours; 2) all occurrences of conflict in 304 hours; and 3) scan (position and activity) totaling 117 scans which generated closeness information (value of the relationship), social network, and distance among the animals. In the first chapter, we describe that the mares were more involved in affiliation than in agonisms. We suggest that synchrony in direction is a kind of affiliation in this species. Older and heavier mares had higher ranks, but there was not a category that was more aggressive than the other. Preferable partners presented similarities in age, weight, strength in the relationships, and social centrality, being the social dynamics of these partnerships characterized by closeness and low agonism among the partners. In the second chapter, we report that reconciliation, comfort/appeasement, and intervention in conflicts (IC) occurred in 57%, 37%, and 31% of the conflicts, respectively. The occurrence of reconciliation or dispersion may be strategies to reduce the social uncertainty/instability post-conflict. The conflicts occurred between mares with low closeness, and reconciliation was not dependent on the value of the relationship (friendship), but the comfort and appeasement did were. The intervention in conflicts were performed by mares with higher rank and age than the opponents of the conflict, and it was not directed to preferable partners, suggesting maintenance of the social stability. In the third chapter, we detected that there was not a category of individuals that positioned themselves to the center of the herd with higher frequency. Older mares tend to be ahead of the group. Younger animals (foals) were socially more central and animals with differentiated nutritional needs (pregnant mares and suckling ones) and high rank were less socially central. More than half of the herd was directed, with anticipation, to the direction that the group started to follow, and the agreement index in the direction (AID) was higher when the group moved more. This may suggest that the direction of the group?s movement was determined by the direction of the body of the majority of the animals (minimizing consensual costs), which may have occurred by the mimetic synchronization process, suggesting a simplified way of coordination (leadership) distributed in grazing. Empty and low rank mares adjusted more their directions in grazing towards the other mares. This indicates more occurrence of mimetic process of synchronism, which may lead to the coordination of the movement to be performed by animals that keep more consistency in direction or older animals.
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Crosby, Ashley. "A study of lateralized behaviour in domestic horses (Equus caballus)." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-175884.
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Lateralized behaviour is the most conspicuous manifestation of hemispheric specialization of the brain and has been reported in a variety of taxa. Only a few studies have so far assessed lateralized behaviours in horses. Therefore, I observed ten domestic horses for 16 weeks for an array of spontaneously occurring motor behaviours as well as stimulus-induced behavioural responses to determine if they display side preferences at the individual or population level and to assess possible correlations between lateralized behaviours. Significant side preferences were found for certain behaviours at the individual level, ranging from standing and flexing, to auditory stimuli, and olfactory stimuli. All horses showed task-dependent changes in their side preferences and no significant side preferences were found at the population level for any behaviours. Similarly, no significant correlations were found between behaviours. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that horses, like all other species studied so far except humans and some great apes, only display lateralized behaviour at the individual, but not at the population level.
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Niquet, Defer Florence Vidailhet Colette. "Equitation thérapeutique et psychiatrie." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2002_NIQUET_DEFER_FLORENCE.pdf.
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Filho, Roberto Pimenta de Pádua Fóz. "Segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos do baço do eqüino (Equus caballus, Linnaeus 1758)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-19082003-163535/.
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A vascularização arterial do baço do eqüino foi estudada por meio de radiografias contrastadas, cintilografias, dissecações e moldes. O baço está situado no antímero esquerdo e a sua posição na cavidade abdominal determina uma face parietal lisa e levemente convexa, enquanto que a face intestinal, onde estão localizados os vasos, nervos e ligamentos, é levemente côncava determinando uma área com menor espessura. O estudo da vascularização arterial demonstrou uma área paucivascular que coincide justamente com a área côncava onde a espessura é menor. Este comportamento foi observado tanto nos adultos como nos fetos. Baseado na distribuição dos vasos arteriais a região onde a espessura é menor foi indicada como local de eleição para a incisão no caso de esplenectomias parciais, dividindo o baço do eqüino em dois segmentos anátomo-cirúrgicos. A cirurgia de ressecção parcial do baço não foi descrita, no cavalo, conforme atesta a literatura atual. Duas cirurgias experimentais foram realizadas para comprovar a indicação, demonstrando que a proposta é exeqüível. A análise proporcional da área mostrou que a ressecção parcial na região indicada preserva em média 50% do parênquima.Observation on the mode of parenchymal distribution of equine splenic artery was studied using arteriography, scintigraphy, dissection and corrosion cast. The spleen is situated in the left region of the abdomen. The parietal surface is convex and the visceral surface, where the blood vessels, nerves and ligaments are situated, is concave. The vascular arrangement may lead to division the organ into two anatomicosurgical segments. No literature is available on partial splenectomy in horses. Two partial resection was performed successfully by the method described, this partial resection preserve 50% of spleen parenchyma.
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Evangelista, JoÃo Josà Ferreira. "AvaliaÃÃo farmacolÃgica da Detomidina no trato reprodutivo de Ãguas (Equus caballus)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16305.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A Detomidina à um agonista de receptores α2-adrenÃrgico, derivado imidazÃlico alcalÃide, disponÃvel sobre a fÃrmula de cloridrato, apresenta relaÃÃo de seletividade entre receptor α2/α1 de 260/1. O experimento foi conduzido para investigar a interferÃncia da detomidina sobre o trato reprodutivo equino. Foram utilizadas vinte e cinco Ãguas sem raÃa definida (SRD), nÃo prenhes, com idade entre 4 a 10 anos e peso de 350 a 450 Kg. As 25 Ãguas foram divididas de forma aleatÃria em 5 grupos, sendo que 3 grupos foram submetidos respectivamente a doses de 6, 9 e 12Âg/kg de detomidina.Nos outros dois grupos, um deles foi aplicado Ioimbina em dose 0,10mg/Kg com antecedÃncia de 20 minutos da aplicaÃÃo de 6Âg/kg de detomidina e o outro grupo controle. Foram realizadas ultrassonogrÃfias no modo B e Doppler do trato reprodutivo de Ãguas. O Ãndice de pulsatilidade (IP), resistÃncia (IR) e pulso arterial uterino direito (PAUD), bem como a avaliaÃÃo subjetiva do Ãtero e mesomÃtrio de suprimento sanguÃneo, nÃo apresentaram diferenÃa significativa (P<0,05) quando comparado aos animais submetidos à detomidina 6Âg/Kg, frente aos aplicados a mesma dose, mas que tinham sidos bloqueados com a ioimbina 10Âg/Kg. A detomidina nas doses 6, 9 e 12Âg/Kg, interferiu na dinÃmica da cÃrvix uterina, proporcionando dilataÃÃo temporÃria, com diferenÃas significativas e magnitude mÃxima de resposta ao tempo, 2,1Â0,11mm (P˂0,0001) aos 5 minutos, 2,7Â0,26 (P>0,0001) aos 10 minutos e 4,9Â0,18mm (P>0,0001) aos 15 minutos, respectivamente. Na via Epidural na dose 6Âg/Kg de detomidina, quando comparada a dilataÃÃo cervical ocorrida com a mesma dose na via IV, demonstrou diferenÃa significativa nos tempos 5 (P>0,0001), 15 (P>0,0001), 20 (P>0,0001) e 25 (P>0,0001) minutos. Quando a resposta cervical com uso de detomidina na dose 6Âg/Kg via intramuscular comparada com a IV, ocorreu diferenÃa significativa nos tempos 5 (P>0,0001), 15 (P>0,0001), 20 (P>0,0001) e 25 (P>0,0001) minutos. ConcluÃmos que, a detomidina nas doses de 6 (via intravenosa, intramuscular e epidural), 9 e 12Âg/Kg (intravenosa) promoveram dilataÃÃo cervical temporÃria em Ãguas.
The Detomidine is an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, derived imidazole alkaloid, available on the hydrochloride formula, is related to selectivity between receptor α2/α1 of 260/1. The experiment was conducted to investigate the interference of detomidine on equine reproductive tract. Twenty-five mares were used mongrel, not pregnant, aged between 4-10 years old and weighing 350-450kg. The 25 mares were divided randomly into 5 groups, with 3 groups were submitted at doses of the detomidineof 6, 9 and 12μg/kg,respectively. In the other two groups, one applied yohimbine dose of 0.10 mg/kg 20 minutes prior to the application of 6μg/kg detomidine and in control group. All they were made sonographic evaluations in B mode and Doppler of the reproductive tract of mares. The pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and uterine blood right wrist (UBRW) and the subjective evaluation of the uterus and mesometriumblood supply, showed no significant difference (P<0.05) when compared to animals treated with detomidine 6μg/kg compared to the same dose applied, but had blocked by yohimbine of 10mg/kg. The doses of detomidine in the 6, 9 and 12μg/kg interfered with the dynamics of the uterine cervix, providing temporary expansion, with significant differences in maximum magnitude of the response time, 2.1 Â 0,11mm (P>0.0001) to 5 minutes, 2.7 Â 0.26 (P>0.0001) after 10 minutes and 4.9 Â 0.18 mm (P>0.0001) after 15 minutes, respectively. In epidural detomidinedose of 6μg/kg,comparing the cervical dilatation, occurred with the same dose in the IV route showed a significant difference in 5 (P>0.0001), 15 (P>0.0001), 20 (P>0.0001) and 25 (P>0.0001) minutes. When the use of detomidine in cervical response withthe intramuscularlydose of 6μg/kg comparing to RI, there was a significant difference in 5 (P<0.0001), 15 (P>0.0001), 20 (P>0.0001) and 25 (P>0.0001) minutes. We concluded that, the detomidinedoses of 6 (intravenous, intramuscular and epidural), 9 and 12Âg/kg (intravenous) promoted temporary cervical dilation in mares.
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Omura, Carla Michel. "Mensuração da sobressaliência incisal e dos diastemas em potros (Equus caballus)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-23062004-171625/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal o estudo das maloclusões dos dentes incisivos em potros da raça Quarto de Milha, incluindo a revisão de literatura dos conceitos de oclusão, maloclusão, braquignatismo, prognatismo, sobressaliência e sobremordida. Objetivou-se determinar a prevalência de sobressaliências e analisar os resultados de acordo com idade, sexo e linhagem, assim como desenvolver técnicas simples de mensurações destas sobressaliências e dos diastemas, que pudessem ser aplicadas a campo e utilizadas para acompanhamento do crescimento das regiões rostrais de maxila e da mandíbula de potros. Foram utilizados 51 potros da raça Quarto de Milha, entre quatro e sete meses de idade. Resultados: a prevalência de lesões de sobressaliência foi de 50,98%. Dentre os animais afetados, 61,54% eram fêmeas e 38,46%, machos. Os potros de linhagem de conformação apresentaram maior prevalência de sobressaliência, pois dos 26 potros afetados, 50% eram desta linhagem. Foi observado que em 100% dos potros examinados, houve diferença entre as medidas dos diastemas superiores e inferiores. Pareceu haver um pico de crescimento uniforme dos diastemas entre quatro e cinco meses de idade, e a partir de cinco meses, as diferenças entre os diastemas superiores e inferiores aumentou gradativamente. Entre os potros de quatro meses, 44,44% apresentaram sobressaliência incisal, assim como 45,45% dos onze potros de cinco meses, 58,33% dos potros de seis meses e 60% dos potros de sete meses. Os métodos empregados para a mensuração dos diastemas e das sobressaliências incisais mostraram-se eficientes. Sem estudos cefalométricos é impossível confirmar o diagnóstico de braquignatismo e determinar em que região e se realmente existe a alteração de crescimento mandibular ou maxilar.The main goal of this dissertation was to study incisor malocclusion in Quarter Horse foals, which included literature review of the terms occlusion, malocclusion, brachygnathism, prognathism, overjet and overbite. The purpose of this experiment was to determine overjet prevalence and analyse the results according to age, sex and lineage, as well as to develop simple field techniques for measuring incisor malocclusion and diastema that could be utilized to follow-up the growth of the rostral components of maxila and mandible. For this analysis, 51 Quarter Horse foals between four and seven months old were examined. Results: the prevalence of foals presenting overjet was 50,98%. Among these, 61,54% were females and 38,46% were males. Furthermore, show lineages foals presented overjet more commonly than the other lineages, as 50% of the 26 affected foals belonged to show lineages. All of the examined foals presented dysparities between the measurements of maxilary and mandibular diastemas. It seemed that there is a peak of diastema uniform growth between the ages of four to five months, but the differences between the superior and inferior diastemas seemed to increase as the age advanced. Among the four months old foals, 44,44% were affected, as well as 45,45% of the 11 foals of five months old, 58,33% of the foals of six months old and 60% of seven months old. The developed method for measurements of the diastema was considered efficient. Overjet was found to be common among Quarter Horse foals, specially among show lineages. Without further cephalometric studies, it is impossible to confirm the diagnosis, and to determine where or if there is an abnormality in the jaw.
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Evangelista, João José Ferreira. "Avaliação farmacológica da Detomidina no trato reprodutivo de éguas (Equus caballus)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15379.
Full textAbstract:
EVANGELISTA, João José Ferreira. Avaliação farmacológica da Detomidina no trato reprodutivo de éguas (Equus caballus). 2015. 88 f. Tese (Doutorado em Farmacologia) – Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015.Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2016-03-08T12:57:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_jjfevangelista.pdf: 1393367 bytes, checksum: 1257da60df2c20dd5b0a3cf5dc6064ce (MD5)
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The Detomidine is an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors, derived imidazole alkaloid, available on the hydrochloride formula, is related to selectivity between receptor α2/α1 of 260/1. The experiment was conducted to investigate the interference of detomidine on equine reproductive tract. Twenty-five mares were used mongrel, not pregnant, aged between 4-10 years old and weighing 350-450kg. The 25 mares were divided randomly into 5 groups, with 3 groups were submitted at doses of the detomidineof 6, 9 and 12μg/kg,respectively. In the other two groups, one applied yohimbine dose of 0.10 mg/kg 20 minutes prior to the application of 6μg/kg detomidine and in control group. All they were made sonographic evaluations in B mode and Doppler of the reproductive tract of mares. The pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and uterine blood right wrist (UBRW) and the subjective evaluation of the uterus and mesometriumblood supply, showed no significant difference (P<0.05) when compared to animals treated with detomidine 6μg/kg compared to the same dose applied, but had blocked by yohimbine of 10mg/kg. The doses of detomidine in the 6, 9 and 12μg/kg interfered with the dynamics of the uterine cervix, providing temporary expansion, with significant differences in maximum magnitude of the response time, 2.1 ± 0,11mm (P>0.0001) to 5 minutes, 2.7 ± 0.26 (P>0.0001) after 10 minutes and 4.9 ± 0.18 mm (P>0.0001) after 15 minutes, respectively. In epidural detomidinedose of 6μg/kg,comparing the cervical dilatation, occurred with the same dose in the IV route showed a significant difference in 5 (P>0.0001), 15 (P>0.0001), 20 (P>0.0001) and 25 (P>0.0001) minutes. When the use of detomidine in cervical response withthe intramuscularlydose of 6μg/kg comparing to RI, there was a significant difference in 5 (P<0.0001), 15 (P>0.0001), 20 (P>0.0001) and 25 (P>0.0001) minutes. We concluded that, the detomidinedoses of 6 (intravenous, intramuscular and epidural), 9 and 12µg/kg (intravenous) promoted temporary cervical dilation in mares.
A Detomidina é um agonista de receptores α2-adrenérgico, derivado imidazólico alcalóide, disponível sobre a fórmula de cloridrato, apresenta relação de seletividade entre receptor α2/α1 de 260/1. O experimento foi conduzido para investigar a interferência da detomidina sobre o trato reprodutivo equino. Foram utilizadas vinte e cinco éguas sem raça definida (SRD), não prenhes, com idade entre 4 a 10 anos e peso de 350 a 450 Kg. As 25 éguas foram divididas de forma aleatória em 5 grupos, sendo que 3 grupos foram submetidos respectivamente a doses de 6, 9 e 12µg/kg de detomidina.Nos outros dois grupos, um deles foi aplicado Ioimbina em dose 0,10mg/Kg com antecedência de 20 minutos da aplicação de 6µg/kg de detomidina e o outro grupo controle. Foram realizadas ultrassonográfias no modo B e Doppler do trato reprodutivo de éguas. O índice de pulsatilidade (IP), resistência (IR) e pulso arterial uterino direito (PAUD), bem como a avaliação subjetiva do útero e mesométrio de suprimento sanguíneo, não apresentaram diferença significativa (P<0,05) quando comparado aos animais submetidos à detomidina 6µg/Kg, frente aos aplicados a mesma dose, mas que tinham sidos bloqueados com a ioimbina 10µg/Kg. A detomidina nas doses 6, 9 e 12µg/Kg, interferiu na dinâmica da cérvix uterina, proporcionando dilatação temporária, com diferenças significativas e magnitude máxima de resposta ao tempo, 2,1±0,11mm (P˂0,0001) aos 5 minutos, 2,7±0,26 (P>0,0001) aos 10 minutos e 4,9±0,18mm (P>0,0001) aos 15 minutos, respectivamente. Na via Epidural na dose 6µg/Kg de detomidina, quando comparada a dilatação cervical ocorrida com a mesma dose na via IV, demonstrou diferença significativa nos tempos 5 (P>0,0001), 15 (P>0,0001), 20 (P>0,0001) e 25 (P>0,0001) minutos. Quando a resposta cervical com uso de detomidina na dose 6µg/Kg via intramuscular comparada com a IV, ocorreu diferença significativa nos tempos 5 (P>0,0001), 15 (P>0,0001), 20 (P>0,0001) e 25 (P>0,0001) minutos. Concluímos que, a detomidina nas doses de 6 (via intravenosa, intramuscular e epidural), 9 e 12µg/Kg (intravenosa) promoveram dilatação cervical temporária em éguas.
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Brito, Jéssica de Carvalho. "Digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e características físico-químicas das fezes de equídeos alimentados com feno de tifton." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/21548.
Full textAbstract:
BRITO, Jéssica de Carvalho. Digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes e características físico-químicas das fezes de equídeos alimentados com feno de tifton. 2016. 39 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016.Submitted by Aline Mendes (alinemendes.ufc@gmail.com) on 2017-01-16T21:09:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jcbrito.pdf: 738911 bytes, checksum: b21e8de2629c7e9fe53992fdce2fae33 (MD5)
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The horses and donkeys are different species of horses that have physiological characteristics that need to be understood for better accomplishment of food management and food nutrients utilization Thus, the objective was to compare and evaluate the voluntary food intake and the implications on the physico-chemical characteristics of the stool, production of short chain fatty acids and apparent digestibility of a diet consisting of hay Tifton 85 in equine and asinine species. Twenty animals were used, ten quarter mile race horses and ten Pêga breed asses, distributed in a completely randomized design with two treatments of ten repetitions, being the animal the experimental unit. It is considered as treatments the two species analyzed. The animals were fed with Tifton 85 hay (85.72% DM, 12.88% CP, 73.74% NDF, 32.59% ADF and 2.25 Mcal GE/kg) at will, and it was evaluated the ability of voluntary intake. After six days of adaptation to experimental conditions, it was carried out four days of total stool collection. During the collection period, at 6h feces were collected for measurement of pH and buffering capacity (BC) as well as the color evaluation and stool consistency. During the collection period, the feces were homogenized for removal of a sample for the analyzes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and gross energy (GE). Digestibility coefficients were calculated for DM, CP, NDF, ADF and GE. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the digestibility trial, at 0, 3 and 6 h after feeding for analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which were also analyzed in the stool. Donkeys showed consumption of 1.12 kg DM/BW statistically smaller (P <0.05) than equine (1.60 DM/BW). It was observed higher digestibility coefficients (P <0.05) to asses for DM (61.60%), CP (67,18%) NDF (54,17) and the ADF (50,00). There was no statistical difference for pH, color and consistency of stools among the species studied receiving diet composed only with bulky. The BC of donkeys was more efficient for BC6 (9.12 mmol/L) and BC5 (22.62 mmol/L) than horses (6.07 and 14.38 mmol/L, respectively). It was observed that donkeys produce more acetic acid (33.81 mmol/L) with a unique fodder diet, but they exhibit lower levels of this SCFA in the blood (1.00 mmol/L) compared to the horses (1.27 mmol/L), which shows less absorption of acetate in the cecum-colic region. The asses have consumption capacity of hay Tifton85 less than equine, but shows higher digestibility of nutrients and increased buffering capacity of short-chain fatty acids formed during fermentation.
Os equinos e asininos são espécies diferentes de equídeos que possuem particularidades fisiológicas que precisam ser entendidas para melhor realização do manejo alimentar e aproveitamento dos nutrientes dos alimentos. Sendo assim, objetivou-se comparar e avaliar o consumo voluntário de alimento e as implicações sobre as características físico-químicas das fezes, produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e digestibilidade aparente de uma dieta composta por feno de Tifton 85 nas espécies equina e asinina. Foram utilizados 20 animais adultos, sendo dez equinos da raça quarto de milha e dez jumentas da raça Pêga, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 2 tratamentos de 10 repetições, sendo o animal a unidade experimental. Considerou-se como tratamentos as duas espécies analisadas. Os animais foram alimentados com feno de Tifton 85 (85,72 %MS; 12,88 %PB; 73,74 %FDN; 32,59 %FDA e 2,25 Mcal EB/kg) à vontade, e avaliada a capacidade de consumo voluntário. Após seis dias de adaptação às condições experimentais, foram realizados quatro dias de coleta total de fezes. Durante o período de coleta, às 6h foram recolhidas as fezes para medição do pH e capacidade tamponante (CT), bem como a avaliação de cor e consistência das fezes. Durante o período de coleta, as fezes foram homogeneizadas para retirada de uma amostra composta para a realização das análises de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e energia bruta (EB). Foram calculados os coeficientes de digestibilidade para MS, PB, FDN, FDA e EB. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas no último dia do ensaio de digestibilidade, às 0, 3 e 6h após a alimentação para análises de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) que também foram analisados nas fezes. Asininos apresentaram consumo de 1,12 Kg MS/PV menor ao dos equinos (1,60 Kg MS/PV). Observou-se maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade (P<0,05) na espécie asinina para MS (61,60%), PB (67,18%), FDN (54,17) e FDA (50,00). Não houve diferença estatística para os valores de pH, cor e consistência das fezes entre as espécies estudadas recebendo dieta composta somente com volumoso. A CT dos asininos mostrou-se mais eficiência para CT6 (9,12 mmol/L) e CT5 (22,62 mmol/L) que os equinos (6,07 e 14,38mmol/L, respectivamente). Observou-se que os asininos produzem mais ácido acético (33,81 mmol/L) com uma dieta exclusiva de forragem, mas apresentam menores níveis desse AGCC no sangue (1,00 mmol/L) em comparação aos equinos (1,27 mmol/L), o que demonstra menor absorção na região ceco- cólica de acetato. A espécie Asinina possui capacidade de consumo de feno de Tifton85 menor que a equina, mas demonstra maiores coeficientes de digestibilidade dos nutrientes e maior capacidade tamponante dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta formados na fermentação.
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Camargo, Carlos Eduardo. "A mula (Equus mulus) como receptora de embriões equinos (Equus caballus) : aspectos reprodutivos, hormonais e ultrassonográficos da gestação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/181360.
Full textAbstract:
O Brasil é um dos países com o maior número de transferências de embriões de equinos do mundo, mas as éguas receptoras são escassas e caras. Uma alternativa é usar mulas acíclicas como receptoras de embriões equinos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar pela primeira vez o desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal precoce em mulas e éguas receptoras do 10º ao 60º dia de gestação. Este estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Cinco éguas de doadores de embriões com idades entre 4 e 10 anos foram utilizadas. Foram utilizados dois grupos de receptores: 10 éguas cíclicas com idades entre 4 e 15 anos (grupo controle) e 7 mulas acíclicas com idades entre 6 e 12 anos. Os animais foram mantidos em piquetes e/ou estábulos e tiveram acesso a água e sal mineral ad libitum, bem como a uma fonte de volumoso e concentrado. As éguas doadoras foram monitoradas diariamente por ultrassonografia transretal (transdutor linear de 5 MHz, A6V Sonoscape, China) após o início do estro. As éguas foram inseminadas artificialmente usando sêmen fresco de um garanhão com fertilidade comprovada. A coleta de embriões das éguas foi realizada 8 dias após a ovulação. Antes da transferência do embrião, as éguas receptoras cíclicas eram examinadas diariamente por ultrassonografia para usar a melhor sincronia com a ovulação da doadora. As mulas acíclicas foram preparadas antes da transferência do embrião com a administração de 17 beta-estradiol (10 mg/mL, 1 mL, im) no dia da ovulação da doadora, e após 2 dias quando a presença de edema uterino foi confirmada, com a administração de Altrenogest (60 mg/mL, 5 mL, im). O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultrassonografia, 10 dias após a ovulação da doadora. Quando o diagnóstico foi confirmado, a avaliação ultrassonográfica foi realizada diariamente até o 60º dia de gestação. O primeiro dia de detecção da vesícula embrionária foi o Dia 10 por ultrassonografia em ambas as espécies e Dia 20,9 ± 1,3 (Média ± DP) e 21,9 ± 0,9 por palpação transretal em mulas e éguas respectivamente. A fixação da vesícula ocorreu em média no dia 15,7 ± 1,1 em mulas e 16,6 ± 1,7 em éguas. O embrião propriamente dito foi detectado pela primeira vez em mulas (no dia 19,9 ± 1,1) em comparação com as éguas (20,4 ± 1,3). O batimento cardíaco foi observado posteriormente em muares (23,4 ± 1,4) do que em éguas (22,6 ± 0,8). O saco alantóide foi detectado pela primeira vez entre os dias 23 e 26 (25,3 ± 1,1 e 24,6 ± 1,0 em mulas e éguas, respectivamente) e o cordão umbilical foi detectado pela primeira vez no dia 39 (39,7 ± 2,1 x 39,6 ± 1,5 em mulas e éguas, respectivamente). Os diâmetros ovarianos para os ovários esquerdo e direito foram semelhantes para as mulas (21,4 ± 0,4 vs. 21,8 ± 0,4 mm) e para as éguas (45,1 ± 0,4 vs 46,0 ± 0,4). Entretanto, o diâmetro ovariano das éguas (45,5 ± 0,3 mm) foi duas vezes maior (P <0,0001) que as mulas (21,6 ± 0,3 mm). Apenas duas mulas apresentaram o CL acessório que foi observado pela primeira vez nos dias 49 e 51. Dentro dos grupos não houve diferenças entre os cornos esquerdo e direito, gravídicos e não-gravídicos. A média geral não foi diferente entre as mulas (24,6 ± 3,1 mm) e as éguas (25,4 ± 0,1 mm). Como conclusão, de acordo com o nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro estudo comparativo sobre desenvolvimento embrionário e fetal precoce entre mulas acíclicas e éguas receptoras de embriões equinos. Numerosas semelhanças foram encontradas nos aspectos estudados. Tais achados, associados ao fato de que potros vivos e sadios foram produzidos, sugerem que o uso de mulas acíclicas pode ser considerado como uma alternativa para aumentar a disponibilidade de receptoras em programas equinos de TE.Brazil is one of the countries with the largest number of equine embryo transfers in the world, but recipients mares are scarce and expensive. One alternative is to use acyclic mules as recipients for equine embryos. The aim of this study was to compare for the first time the embryonic and early fetal development in recipient mules and mares from day 10 to 60 of pregnancy. This study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Gralha Azul of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná. Five embryo donor mares aged 4 to 10 years were used. Two groups of recipients were used: 10 cyclic mares aged 4 to 15 years (control group), and 7 acyclic mules aged 6 to 12 years. Animals were kept in paddocks and/or stables and had access to water and mineral salt ad libitum, as well as to a source of roughage and concentrate. Donor mares were monitored daily by transrectal ultrasonography (5-MHz linear transducer, A6V Sonoscape, China) after the beginning of estrus. The mares were artificially inseminated using fresh semen from a stallion with proven fertility. Embryo collection from the mares was performed 8 days after ovulation. Before embryo transfer, cyclic recipient mares were examined daily by ultrasonography to use the most synchronous with the donor's ovulation and have not received any hormonal treatment. The acyclic mules were prepared before the embryo transfer with the administration of 17 beta-estradiol (10 mg/mL, 1 mL, i.m.) on the day of the donor's ovulation, and after 2 days when the presence of uterine edema was confirmed, with the administration of Altrenogest (60 mg/mL, 5 mL, i.m.). The pregnancy diagnosis was carried out by ultrasonography 10 days after ovulation in the donor. When the diagnosis was confirmed, ultrasonographic assessment was carried out daily until day 60 of pregnancy. The first day of detection of an embryonic vesicle was Day 10 by ultrasound in both species and day 20.9 ± 1.3 (Mean ±SD), and 21.9 ± 0.9 by transrectal palpation in mules and mares respectively. Fixation of the vesicle occurred on mean day 15.7 ± 1.1 in mules and 16.6 ± 1.7 in mares. The embryo proper was first detected in mules (on day 19.9 ± 1.1) compared to mares (20.4 ± 1.3) The heart beat was observed later in mules (23.4 ± 1.4) than in mares (22.6 ± 0.8). The allantoic sac was first detected between days 23 and 26 (25.3 ± 1.1 and 24.6 ± 1.0 in mules and mares, respectively) and the umbilical cord was first detected on day 39 (39.7 ± 2.1 x 39.6 ± 1.5 in mules and mares, respectively). The ovarian diameters for left and right ovaries were similar for mules (21.4 ± 0.4 vs. 21.8 ± 0.4 mm) and for mares (45.1 ± 0.4 vs. 46.0 ± 0.4). However, the ovarian diameter of the mares (45.5 ± 0.3 mm) was two times larger (P<0.0001) than the mules (21.6 ± 0.3 mm). Within groups there were no differences between left and right and gravid and non-gravid horns. Data were combined for comparison of the endometrial diameter between mules and mares. The overall mean was not different between mules (24.6 3.1 ± 0.1 mm) and mares (25.4 ± 0.1 mm). However, day (P<0.003) and group-by-day (P<0.0001) effects were detected. Only two mules presented accessory CL that was observed for the first time on days 49 e 51. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparative study on embryo and early fetal development between noncycling mules and mares used as ET recipients of horse-horse embryos. Numerous similarities in embryo and early fetal development, and endocrinology aspects were seen. The findings of this study in mules, associated with the fact that alive and healthy offspring were produced, the use of mules may be considered as an alternative to increase the availability of recipients in equine ET programs.
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Brückmann, Eva Marie Olga. "Ultrastrukturelle, immunzytochemische und glykohistochemische Untersuchungen am Blut des Pferdes (Equus ferus caballus)." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-120864.
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Wittmann, Marion. "Glykohistochemische, immunhistochemische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen am Nebenhoden des Pferdes (Equus ferus caballus)." Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-154766.
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Silva, Paula Cardoso de Almeida. "Produ??o in vivo e identifica??o do sexo de embri?es h?bridos Equus caballus X Equus asinus." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1299.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Embryo transfer and other biotechnologies are intensivelyused for equine reproduction and other species as well. Even though there is an expansion of the mule market and an increase in the number of animals, researches working with reproduction of these animals are still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate aspects of embryo transfer, embryo morphology and gender identification of hybrid (horses x donkeys) embryos, checking either their similarity or divergence with the characteristics already known of equine embryos. Attempts of embryo collection on Day 6 -9 after OV were performed in mares previously bred with a P?ga donkey. The embryo recovery rates, the characteristics related to age, morphology and embryonic diameter were evaluated. After these assessments, a group of embryos was cut using an adapted technique, where, the cutting process was carried out with the aid of an ophthalmic scalpel blade. The resulting biggest cut portion was used for embryo transfer, and the smallest parts and the others whole embryos to determination of the embryo gender. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, with 5% significance, except the daily growth of embryos, which was analyzed by linear regression. The overall embryo recovery rate was 55,9% (71/127), and for each group D6, D7, D8 and D9, was 57,1% (28/49), 51% (25/49), 63% (15/24) 60% (3/5), respectively. The developmental stage of the collected embryos were, morula: 18.3% (13/71); early blastocysts: 26,8% (19/71); blastocyst: 29,6% (21/71); and expanded blastocysts: 25,3% (18/71). The measured diameter revealed that the size of the embryos ranged from 147 to 1688?m, the mean diameter of all collected embryos was 438,04?m, and according to different groups, the average size (smallest and largest diameter) of embryos were D6 (n = 29) - 183,4?m (147 - 253?m), D7 (n = 24) - 463,2?m (168 - 886?m), D8 (n = 15) - 727,2?m (422 - 1224?m ) and D9 (n = 3) - 1350,6?m (844 - 1688?m), and daily growth rate was 312,7?m. After the section, the 23 embryos were transfered, only one recipient mare was diagnosed as pregnant at 15 days after ovulation, however after 30 days the embryo was lost. The efficiency of the sex identification by PCR using the primers SRY and ZFX / ZFY was 85,9% (61/71), being 55,7% (34/61) determined as female: and 39,3% (27/61) as male. Embryo transfer has shown to be favorable to aid mule reproduction, whereas the recovery rate and the characteristics of the embryos are similar to equine embryos. Altough, the methodology used to section of embryos had unable the gestational development, the most part of the biopsy derived cutting allowed sexing of the embryos
A transfer?ncia de embri?es e outras biotecnologias reprodutivas s?o cada vez mais utilizadas para a produ??o de equinos e de outros animais, entretanto, mesmo com a expans?o do mercado de muares e com crescimento do n?mero de animais, as pesquisas relacionadas com a produ??o desses animais ainda s?o raras. O presente estudo avaliou as caracter?sticas relacionadas ? transfer?ncia de embri?es, a morfologia e a identifica??o do sexo de embri?es h?bridos (muares), verificando sua semelhan?a ou diverg?ncia com as caracter?sticas j? conhecidas em equinos. Foram realizadas colheitas de embri?es provenientes do cruzamento de ?guas com um jumento P?ga, nos dias 6, 7, 8 e 9 ap?s a ovula??o, a taxa de recupera??o embrion?ria, e as caracter?sticas relacionadas com a idade, morfologia e di?metro embrion?rio foram avaliadas para os diferentes dias. Ap?s essas avalia??es, uma parte dos embri?es coletados foi seccionada, com uma t?cnica adaptada onde o corte foi realizado com o aux?lio de uma l?mina de bisturi oftalmol?gico. A maior por??o resultante do corte foi destinada para transfer?ncia de embri?es e a menor parte, juntamente com os embri?es inteiros, foram utilizados para verificar a efici?ncia dos primers SRY e ZFX/ZFY, na an?lise molecular para a determina??o do sexo dos embri?es. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste Exato de Fisher, com 5% de signific?ncia, exceto o crescimento di?rio dos embri?es que foi analisado atrav?s da regress?o linear. A taxa de recupera??o embrion?ria total foi de 55,9% (71/127), e para os diferentes dias de colheita D6, D7, D8 e D9, foi 57,1% (28/49), 51% (25/49), 63% (15/24), 60% (3/5), respectivamente. Os embri?es coletados apresentavam-se nos seguintes est?gios de desenvolvimento, m?rulas: 18,3% (13/71); blastocistos iniciais: 26,8% (19/71); blastocistos: 29,6% (21/71); e blastocistos expandidos: 25,3% (18/71). O di?metro mensurado revelou que o tamanho dos embri?es variou entre 147 - 1688?m, a m?dia do di?metro de todos os embri?es recolhidos foi de 438,04?m, e de acordo com os diferentes dias de colheita, o tamanho m?dio (maior e menor di?metro) dos embri?es foi de: D6 (n = 29) ? 183,4?m (147 - 253?m), D7 (n = 24) ? 463,2?m (168 - 886?m), D8 (n = 15) ? 727,2?m (422 - 1224?m) e D9 (n = 3) ? 1350,6?m (844 ? 1688?m), e a taxa de crescimento di?ria foi de 312,7?m. Ap?s a sec??o e transfer?ncia de 23 embri?es, apenas uma receptora foi diagnosticada como gestante aos 15 dias, mas aos 30 dias, o embri?o tinha sido absorvido. A identifica??o do sexo atrav?s da t?cnica de PCR, utilizando os primers SRY e ZFx/ZFy foi de 85,9% (61/71), sendo determinado f?meas: 55,7% (34/61) e machos: 39,3% (27/61). A transfer?ncia de embri?es ? favor?vel para auxiliar na produ??o de muares, a taxa de recupera??o e as caracter?sticas dos embri?es s?o semelhantes aos embri?es equinos. A metodologia de sec??o dos embri?es, inviabilizou o desenvolvimento gestacional, entretanto a biopsia oriunda do corte permitiu a sexagem da maioria dos embri?es coletados.
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Amato, Concetta. "Facteurs prédictifs du surentraînement chez le cheval athlète." Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ONIR011F.
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Le surentraînement résulte d’une balance négative entre la charge de travail et la capacité d’adaptation et de récupération de l’athlète. C’est un état de fatigue chronique caractérisé par une baisse de la performance. La cause du surentraînement est complexe et faite de plusieurs composantes : métabolique, endocrinienne et nerveuse. A l’heure actuelle aucun paramètre biologique simple n’est en mesure d’apporter une réponse satisfaisante pour évaluer le surentraînement. L’objectif du travail était d’approfondir la connaissance de la biologie de l’effort chez le cheval et des mécanismes présidant à l’instauration des phénomènes de surentraînement pour essayer de déterminer des marqueurs spécifiques d’apparition de la fatigue. L’étude a été réalisée par un suivi longitudinal (alimentation, état corporel, paramètres hématologiques, biologiques et endocriniens) de 37 chevaux de spectacle au cours d’une année de travail. Les principaux résultats montrent que l’exercice entraîne des modifications des sécrétions hormonales, de l’état corporel et des paramètres hémato-biochimiques, significativement liées aux changements de la performance. Les paramètres évalués montrent un déséquilibre de la balance énergétique malgré une augmentation des apports nutritionnels en fonction du travail. Parmi les facteurs endocriniens significativement modifiés par la charge de travail, la leptine, l’IGF-1, le cortisol et le rapport testostérone/cortisol pourraient être des marqueurs pertinents pour évaluer les réponses à l’entraînement ou prédire le risque de baisse des performances.
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Hidalgo, Moreno Eduardo. "Aislamiento y purificación de membranas apicales y basales de trofoblasto equino (Equus caballus)." Tesis, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE, 2004. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151396.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico VeterinarioLa placenta es el principal órgano de intercambio de nutrientes y productos de desecho entre la madre y el feto. De su normal desarrollo y funcionamiento depende el éxito de la gestación. Si bien la placenta puede considerarse fundamentalmente similar a otros epitelios como el intestinal y renal, ésta presenta algunas características anatómicas e histológicas sinciciales que la diferencian de otros epitelios. Se estandarizó un protocolo de aislamiento de membranas apicales y basales de trofoblasto equino, a partir de una misma placenta en forma simultánea. Esto minimiza las variaciones intrínsecas debido al origen diverso de las membranas analizadas. Las placentas se obtuvieron del Haras Fina Sangre de Carrera (“El Sheik” y “Santa Eladia”, ambos ubicados en la Región Metropolitana). Inmediatamente después, se realizó la purificación de la membrana apical y basal de trofoblasto equino, mediante un método que incluyó centrifugaciones diferenciales, precipitación de membranas con cloruro de magnesio y purificación de membranas utilizando gradiente de sacarosa. La calidad, en cuanto a pureza, se determinó con marcadores bioquímicos específicos tanto de membrana apical y basal Se trabajó con un total de ocho placentas. El tejido fue sometido a dos procedimientos alternativos procesando la membrana corioalantoidea por corte (I) (n=5) o raspado (II) (n=3). En ambos casos las muestras fueron tomadas de las zonas cercanas al cordón umbilical, las que presentaron mayor desarrollo microcotiledonario. El rendimiento de la preparación en términos de recuperación de proteínas obtenidas por (I) y (II), fue para la fracción microsomal apical (fma) de 1,22 % ± 0,10 y de 4,34 % ± 0,73, respectivamente; en tanto que para la fracción microsomal basal (fmb) fue de 0,47% ± 0,13 y 1,65% ± 0,29. El rendimiento de las fracciones puras apicales (PA) fue de 0,046% ± 0,04 y de 0,18% ± 0,01, en tanto el rendimiento de la fracción basal pura (PB) fue de 0,081% ± 0,01 y 0,073% ± 0,01, respectivamente. A fin de asegurar la pureza de las vesículas obtenidas, se midió la actividad enzimática de marcadores específicos para la membrana apical y basal del trofoblasto equino (fosfatasa alcalina y unión de ligandos específicos a receptores -adrenérgicos), respectivamente. La actividad específica de fosfatasa alcalina (UI/ mg prot) se midió por un método comercial, con valores para la fracción microsomal apical (fma) obtenida por (I) y (II), de 80,8 ± 18,05 (I) y de 159,04 ± 15,5 (II). En tanto, para la fracción microsomal basal (fmb) los valores obtenidos fueron 19,7 ± 5,0 (I) y 30,7 ± 3,1 (II), respectivamente. La actividad de fosfatasa alcalina de las fracciones pura apical (PA) que se obtuvo por cortado y raspado fue de 91 ± 6, (I) y 174 ± 8,2 (II), en tanto que la fracción pura basal (PB) arrojó los valores de 15 ± 1,5 y 12 ± 0,1 respectivamente. En tanto el enriquecimiento de la fracción pura apical (PA) que se obtuvo fue de 4,6 ± 0,1 y 5,0 ± 0,1 veces, y para la fracción pura basal (PB) los valores de enriquecimiento fueron de 0,8 ± 0,01 y 0,3 ± 0,05 veces respectivamente. La unión de dihidroalprenolol tritiado a receptores β-adrenérgicos no arrojó un resultado concluyente respecto a la distribución diferencial de dicho marcador en las membranas apical y basal purificadas. Sin embargo, la escasa contaminación de la membrana basal con fosfatasa alcalina es un buen indicador de la calidad de dichas membranas y de la eficiencia del gradiente de sacarosa utilizado para purificar la fracción microsomal basal. Estos datos indican que el rendimiento del método de purificación por raspado es mayor que cuando el procesamiento del tejido se realiza inicialmente por cortado. La actividad y el enriquecimiento de fosfatasa alcalina también respaldan esta conclusión. Con el desarrollo de este método de purificación se ha dado un primer paso para la obtención de membranas apicales y basales de placentas de tipo epiteliocorial, lo que permitirá, posteriormente, aplicar el protocolo de aislamiento en placentas de camélidos sudamericanos, cuyas características fisiológicas son relevantes para el estudio de gestaciones bajo condiciones de hipoxia.
The placenta is the main organ of exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and the fetus in mammalian species. Although the placental epithelium can be considered fundamentally similar to other epithelia, it displays particular anatomical and histological characteristics in both the human and equine placenta, such as its syncytitial nature. The study of transport functions between mother and fetus in these cases necessarily involves the study of such functions in the polarized apical (mother-facing) and basal (fetal-facing) plasma membranes. In this study, a protocol for simultaneous apical and basal membrane isolation in equine trophoblast was standardized. A total of n=8 placentas were obtained from two Thoroughbred Race Horse Haras (El Sheik and Santa Eladia, both located in the Metropolitan Region of Chile). Immediately after birth, the equine placenta was transported to the laboratory on ice to begin the purification protocol, which included two alternative methods for tissue collection followed by differential centrifugations, precipitation of basal membranes with magnesium chloride, and membrane purification using sucrose gradients. Initial tissue collection was done either by chopping the placental tissue (villous tissue adhered to chorioallanthoid membrane) in small pieces (method I; n=5) or by scraping the villous tissue from the chorioallanthoid membrane (method II; n=3). Specific biochemical markers for apical and basal membranes were used to determine purified fraction purity and contamination. The yield of the preparation in terms of protein recovery obtained by method I and method II for the apical microsomal fraction (fma) was of 1.22%±0.10 and 4.34%±0.73, respectively, whereas for the basal microsomal fraction (fmb) the yield was of 0,47% ±0.13 and 1.65%±0.29, respectively. The protein recovery for the purified apical fraction (PA) for method I and method II was of 0.046%± 0,04 and 0.18%± 0,01, respectively, whereas the protein recovery for the purified basal fraction (PB) was of 0.081%± 0,01 and 0,073% ±0.01, respectively. Specific markers for apical membrane (enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase) and basal membrane (substrate binding to -adrenergic receptors) of trophoblast were measured in both the apical and basal fractions to determine their degree of purity and cross-contamination. Measurements of specific activity for alkaline phosphatase (UI/mg prot) were of 80.8± 18,05 for method I and 159.04±15.5 for method II in the apical microsomal fraction (fma), and of 19.7±5.0 for method I and 30,7 ± 3,1 for method II in the basal microsomal fraction (fmb). Alkaline phosphatase activity in the purified apical fraction (PA) was of 91 ± 6,3 for method I and 174 ±8.2 for method II, whereas in the purified basal fraction (PB) values were of 15 ±1.5 for method I and 12 ±0.1 for method II. Enrichment of alkaline phosphatase activity in the PA fraction was of 4,6 ±0.1 fold for method I and 5.0±0.fold 1 for method II, and of 0.8±0.01 fold for method I and 0,3 ±0.05 fold for method II in the PB fraction. Substrate binding to β-adrenergic receptors did not show conclusive results with respect to the differential distribution of this marker in purified apical and basal membranes. Nevertheless, the little contamination of the basal membrane with alkaline phosphatase is a good indicator of the quality of these purified membranes. The exposed data indicate more efficient membrane purification when using method II than when using method I. The activity and the enrichment of alkaline phosphatase also endorse this conclusion. The development of this method of simultaneous isolation of apical and basal trophoblast plasma membranes is a first approximation for the study of transport functions in placentas of the epitheliocorial type. This may allow, in the future, the use of such protocol in placentas of South American camelids, whose physiological characteristics are excellent for the study of gestations under conditions of hypoxia
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Rochais, Céline. "L'attention chez le cheval domestique (Equus caballus) : caractéristiques individuelles et facteurs de modulation." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S031/document.
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Ce travail porte sur l'attention chez le cheval domestique. Il vise, dans un premier temps, à évaluer les capacités d'attention des chevaux grâce au développement d'outils de mesure. Nous avons ainsi développé deux tests comportementaux permettant d'évaluer respectivement l'attention visuelle (e.g. test d'attention visuelle, VAT) et auditive (e.g. test de diffusion de sons inhabituels, AAT). Les résultats montrent que ces tests comportementaux permettent la mesure de caractéristiques attentionnelles stables au cours du temps et prédictives de l'attention (i.e. VAT) et de la distractibilité (i.e. AAT) du cheval dans d'autres contextes, à savoir lors d'un test d'attention communément utilisé chez d'autres espèces (the ''5-choice serial reaction time task''), mais aussi en contexte non expérimental comme lors du travail (e.g. exercice à la longe, en reprise). Nos résultats montrent, par ailleurs, des variations individuelles d'attention d'ordre qualitatif (structuration et niveau de l'attention) et quantitatif (durée d'attention). Dans un second temps, nous avons examiné certains facteurs de modulation (intrinsèques et extrinsèques) de l'attention du cheval. Les tests développés ont alors été appliqués dans différents sites équestres. Les résultats montrent que l'attention des chevaux est modulée : i) par des facteurs intrinsèques tels que la race, le sexe des individus ou encore leur état de bien-être; et ii) par des facteurs extrinsèques tels que les conditions de vie offertes aux chevaux, le travail et particulièrement la discipline d'équitation. Enfin, nous nous sommes interrogés sur la possibilité de promouvoir l'attention du cheval au travail via des actions humaines spécifiques. Nous avons ainsi montré que l'utilisation d'une récompense alimentaire augmente rapidement l'attention du cheval sur la tâche à réaliser, et en conséquence améliore ses performances d'apprentissage, tandis que de tels effets n'ont pas été obtenus avec une « récompense » tactile. L'ensemble de ce travail permet des avancées méthodologiques novatrices pour appréhender les capacités cognitives du cheval et ses facteurs de variation. Ces résultats permettront de conseiller les utilisateurs de chevaux en termes de choix d'animaux, de gestion des séances de travail et des conditions de vieThis study investigated attention in domestic horse. It aims, firstly, to evaluate horses’ attentional abilities by developing experimental tests. To this end, we developed behavioural visual attention (VAT) and auditory attention (AAT) tests. The results show that these behavioural tests give accurate measures of horses’ attentional characteristics. These measures are stable over time and can predict an individual’s attention (VAT) and distractibility (AAT) during another attention-testing paradigm frequently used in other species (the ‘5-choice serial reaction time task’) and in a non-experimental context: work (e.g. lunge or riding lessons). Furthermore, our results show qualitative (structure and level of attention) and quantitative (duration of attention) variations of attention between individuals. Secondly, we studied both intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulating attention in horses. The tests developed have been used across several equestrian sites. Horses’ attention appears to be modulated by: i) intrinsic factors such as an individual’s breed, gender or welfare state and ii) by extrinsic factors such as an individual’s living condition, work and especially the riding discipline. We finally investigated the possibility of promoting horses’ attention while working via dedicated human actions. We showed that using food rewards rapidly increases horses’ attention on the task and, as a consequence, improves their learning performances. These effects were not found with tactile ‘reward’. In summary, this work has led to innovative methodological improvements to assess horses’ cognitive abilities and the factors influencing them. These results have useful applications to guide horse-handlers through animal selection, work session management and choosing optimised living conditions
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Voigt, Ulrike [Verfasser]. "Influence of Weather Parameters on the Fertility of Horse Mares (Equus Caballus) / Ulrike Voigt." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/122882892X/34.
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McCusker, Matthew Erik. "Investigation of the Effects of Social Experience on Snapping Intensity in Equus caballus Foals." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31672.
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This study attempted to examine three aspects of Equus caballus foal snapping behavior. First, it suggested that the previous theoretical explanation for snapping established by behavioral researchers was incorrect. Second, as a means of suggesting an alternative hypothesis, this study proposed that snapping behavior could be a modified play response that was elicited when foals were confused by the complex social signals displayed by conspecifics. Finally, this project tested the aforementioned hypothesis by recording interactions between foals and conspecifics and analyzing the snapping intensity with each subjectâ s previous level of social experience. There were two indicators utilized to establish social experience. First, the â ageâ of the foal was employed as a measure of overall life experience and development. Second, the number of hours per day the foal was exposed to conspecifics gave an effective measure of the amount of time the subject had an opportunity to learn the complex Equine visual communication (referred to as â out-timeâ ).Master of Science
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Briard, Léa. "Etude des processus décisionnels lors des déplacements collectifs chez le cheval domestique (Equus ferus caballus)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/219974.
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La vie en groupe représente de nombreux défis pour les animaux et l’un d’entre eux est le maintien de la cohésion groupe. Comment les animaux décident collectivement où et quand se déplacer, se nourrir, se reposer alors qu’ils n’ont pas les mêmes motivations ou besoins ?Dans ce travail de thèse je me suis intéressée aux mécanismes qui sous-tendent les décisions collectives lors des déplacements chez le cheval domestique et notamment le poids des différences interindividuelles et des relations sociales sur ces mécanismes. Pour cela, j’ai étudié quatre groupes de chevaux contenant uniquement des juments ou des groupes familiaux contenant un étalon et des juments. J’ai pu mettre en évidence 1) l’absence de leader et l’existence de décisions partagées par l’ensemble du groupe, 2) l’importance de la personnalité et des relations sociales sur la décision des individus, 3) l’importance de la période précédant le départ sur la rapidité du consensus et 4) la coexistence de mécanismes auto-organisés et individualisés. Enfin en étudiant plus précisément les étalons, j’ai pu montrer que contrairement à l’idée populaire, ils ne sont pas les leaders de leur groupe. Leur rôle s’apparente plus à celui de surveillant et parfois de catalyseur. Ces résultats suggères que les chevaux vivent au sein d’un système hybride ou décisions partagées et non partagées coexistent.Doctorat en Sciences
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Zanella, Luiz Francisco [UNESP]. "Análise biquímica do líquido amniótico e alantoideano do Equus caballus em diferentes fases da gestação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105991.
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zanella_lf_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 531665 bytes, checksum: c547ec20928912c591261203344c53d9 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Os líquidos fetais possuem diversas funções que são vitais para o feto. Para a espécie eqüina até o presente momento, não está totalmente definida a composição bioquímica do líquido amniótico no decorrer da gestação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a composição bioquímica do liquido amniótico e alantoideano das éguas em diferentes fases da gestação. Para isso analisou-se 60 amostras de fluidos fetais, empregando-se kits comerciais para se determinar a concentração bioquímica da Fosfatase Alcalina, Glicose, Proteínas Totais, Uréia, Creatinina, Cálcio, Cloreto, Sódio e Potássio durante a gestação. A concentração da alfa-fetoproteína foi avaliada empregando-se a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. A concentração da Fosfatase Alcalina no liquido amniótico foi maior quando comparada ao liquido alantoideano nas três fases da gestação (p < 0,05). Para a glicose o valor médio entre os dois fluidos não apresentou variações (p < 0,05). Para a Proteína total o valor médio do liquido amniótico foi maior que o alantoideano (p < 0,05). A Uréia sofreu variações na concentração entre as fases, mas não há diferenças dos valores médios (p > 0,05) entre os fluidos. Para a Creatinina os valores presentes no liquido alantoideano são mais altos que os valores do liquido amniótico (p < 0,05). As concentrações dos íons Cloreto e Sódio apresentaram–se mais elevados (p < 0,05) no liquido amniótico. As concentrações dos íons Cálcio e Potássio foram mais elevadas nos líquidos alantoideanos (p<0,05). A eletroforese identificou duas bandas protéicas que podem ser a alfa-fetoproteína, ela parece aumentar a concentração durante o período gestacional. Porém, faltam estudos na espécie eqüina para a comparação dos resultados do presente trabalho.
Fetal fluids play a vital role in the development of the fetus. The biochemical composition of the amniotic fluid along pregnancy in horses had not been described until this present study. Sixty samples of fetal fluids were collected and the concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase (FA), Glucose, Total Proteins (PT), Urea, Creatinin, Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) along pregnancy were determined using commercially available kits. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFT) were measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. During the three stages of pregnancy the concentrations of FA in the amniotic fluid were higher than those determined in the allantoic fluid (p < 0,05). The glucose levels did not differ between the fluids (p < 0,05). The mean values for the concentrations of PT were higher in the amniotic fluid than in the allantoic (p < 0,05). The urea levels differ among the pregnancy stages, but there were no differences in the mean values of urea (p > 0,05) between the two fluids. The concentrations of creatinin obtained in the allantoic fluid were higher than those obtained in the amniotic fluid (p < 0,05). The concentrations of Cl and Na were elevated (p < 0,05) in the amniotic fluid. The levels of the ions Ca e K were higher in the allantoic fluid (p<0,05). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified two protein bands that could be alpha-fetoprotein, which appears to have its concentration increased during pregnancy. There is a need for more studies in the biochemical composition of fetal fluids in horses to compare the results obtained in this study.
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Zanella, Luiz Francisco. "Análise biquímica do líquido amniótico e alantoideano do Equus caballus em diferentes fases da gestação /." Botucatu, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105991.
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Orientador: Nereu Carlos PrestesBanca: Fernada da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga
Banca: Regina Kiomi Takahira
Banca: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
Banca: Mara Regina S. Balarin
Resumo: Os líquidos fetais possuem diversas funções que são vitais para o feto. Para a espécie eqüina até o presente momento, não está totalmente definida a composição bioquímica do líquido amniótico no decorrer da gestação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a composição bioquímica do liquido amniótico e alantoideano das éguas em diferentes fases da gestação. Para isso analisou-se 60 amostras de fluidos fetais, empregando-se kits comerciais para se determinar a concentração bioquímica da Fosfatase Alcalina, Glicose, Proteínas Totais, Uréia, Creatinina, Cálcio, Cloreto, Sódio e Potássio durante a gestação. A concentração da alfa-fetoproteína foi avaliada empregando-se a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. A concentração da Fosfatase Alcalina no liquido amniótico foi maior quando comparada ao liquido alantoideano nas três fases da gestação (p < 0,05). Para a glicose o valor médio entre os dois fluidos não apresentou variações (p < 0,05). Para a Proteína total o valor médio do liquido amniótico foi maior que o alantoideano (p < 0,05). A Uréia sofreu variações na concentração entre as fases, mas não há diferenças dos valores médios (p > 0,05) entre os fluidos. Para a Creatinina os valores presentes no liquido alantoideano são mais altos que os valores do liquido amniótico (p < 0,05). As concentrações dos íons Cloreto e Sódio apresentaram-se mais elevados (p < 0,05) no liquido amniótico. As concentrações dos íons Cálcio e Potássio foram mais elevadas nos líquidos alantoideanos (p<0,05). A eletroforese identificou duas bandas protéicas que podem ser a alfa-fetoproteína, ela parece aumentar a concentração durante o período gestacional. Porém, faltam estudos na espécie eqüina para a comparação dos resultados do presente trabalho.
Abstract: Fetal fluids play a vital role in the development of the fetus. The biochemical composition of the amniotic fluid along pregnancy in horses had not been described until this present study. Sixty samples of fetal fluids were collected and the concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase (FA), Glucose, Total Proteins (PT), Urea, Creatinin, Calcium (Ca), Chloride (Cl), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) along pregnancy were determined using commercially available kits. The levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFT) were measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. During the three stages of pregnancy the concentrations of FA in the amniotic fluid were higher than those determined in the allantoic fluid (p < 0,05). The glucose levels did not differ between the fluids (p < 0,05). The mean values for the concentrations of PT were higher in the amniotic fluid than in the allantoic (p < 0,05). The urea levels differ among the pregnancy stages, but there were no differences in the mean values of urea (p > 0,05) between the two fluids. The concentrations of creatinin obtained in the allantoic fluid were higher than those obtained in the amniotic fluid (p < 0,05). The concentrations of Cl and Na were elevated (p < 0,05) in the amniotic fluid. The levels of the ions Ca e K were higher in the allantoic fluid (p<0,05). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis identified two protein bands that could be alpha-fetoprotein, which appears to have its concentration increased during pregnancy. There is a need for more studies in the biochemical composition of fetal fluids in horses to compare the results obtained in this study.
Doutor
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Vegas, Albino Diana Pamela. "Cultivo primario de condrocitos a partir de cartílago hialino articular de Equus Caballus post-mortem." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1355.
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El objetivo de esta tesis fue obtener un cultivo primario de condrocitos de Equus caballus post-mortem, aislados de cartílago hialino articular esternocostal.
Se colectaron un total de 24 de cajas torácicas de caballos beneficiados para consumo humano y animal, obtenidos del Camal de Equinos Casablanca ubicado en el distrito de Pachacamac, Lima; de cada una de ellas se obtuvieron 4 muestras de cartílago de forma semiovalada irregular de 0.8 cm de ancho, 0.6 cm de largo y 0.2 cm de alto aproximadamente. El aislamiento de condrocitos se realizó de forma mecánica, con la técnica de cuchillas cruzadas de Freshney (2005), y de forma enzimática con solución de tripsina 0.05 % con 0.5 g de EDTA, solución de colagenasa 0.2% y 0.04 %. Luego las células fueron cultivados en Basal Medium Eagle (BME) + 10% Suero Bovino Fetal (SBF), BME + 5%SBF, Tissue Culture Medium-199 (TCM-199) + 10%SBF y TCM-199 + 5%SBF; por un periodo de 10 días a 37 °C, 5% de CO 2 y 5% de humedad. Posteriormente, las células fueron resuspendidas de las placas en solución de tripsina (tripsina 0.05%, EDTA 0.2 g.), para contarlas en una cámara de Neubauer y así determinar la tasa de proliferación y la tasa de supervivencia.
Se observó un incremento en la proliferación celular tanto en BME como en TCM-199 con 10% de SBF, siendo la tasa de proliferación obtenida para BME+10%SBF de 4,550+/-1,366, para TCM-199+10%SBF de 3,709+/-1,183, para BME+5%SBF de 0,438+/-0,095 y para TCM-199+5%SBF de 0,388+/-0,093; por tanto, el medio de cultivo que obtuvo la mejor tasa de proliferación fue BME + 10%SBF. La tasa de supervivencia no superó el valor de 1 en todos los medios; sin embargo, la que se acercó más a este valor fue la obtenida con BME + 10%SBF (0.987+/-0.025).
En conclusión, se logró obtener un cultivo primario de condrocitos a partir de cartílago hialino articular esternocostal de Equus caballus post-mortem, siendo BME + 10% SBF el medio que presentó los mejores resultados.--- The objective of this thesis was to obtain a primary culture of chondrocytes from postmortem Equus caballus, isolated from hyaline articular sternocostal cartilage. We collected a total of 24 rib cages of benefit horses for human and animal consumption, obtained from Casablanca Equine Camal located in the district of Pachacamac, Lima; from each one we obtained 4 irregular semi-oval samples of 0.8 cm width, 0.6 cm long and 0.2 cm tall. The isolation of chondrocytes was performed mechanically, with the technique of cross blades from Freshney (2005), and so enzymatically with 0.05% trypsin solution with 0.5 g of EDTA, 0.2% and 0.04% collagenase solution. Then they were grown in Basal Medium Eagle (BME) + 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), BME + 5% FBS, Tissue Culture Medium-199 (TCM-199) + 10% FCS and TCM-199 + 5% FBS; for a period of 10 days at 37 ° C, 5% CO2 and 5% humidity. Subsequently, cells were resuspended from the plates in trypsin solution (trypsin 0.05%, EDTA 0.2 g.), to count them in a Neubauer chamber and to determine the proliferation rate and survival rate, respectively. We observed an increase in cell proliferation in both BME and in TCM-199 with 10% FBS, the proliferation rate obtained for BME +10% FBS was 4.550 + / -1.366, for TCM-199 +10% FBS was 3.709 + / -1.183, for BME +5% FBS was 0.438 + / -0.095 and for TCM-199 + 5 % SBF was 0.388 + / -0.093, therefore the culture medium that obtained the best proliferation rate was BME + 10% FBS. The survival rate did not exceed the value of 1 in all media, but the one closer to this value was the obtained with BME + 10% FBS (0987 + / -0025). In conclusion, it was possible to obtain a primary culture of chondrocytes from hyaline articular sternocostal cartilage of Equus caballus post-mortem, being BME + 10% FBS the medium which had the best results.
Tesis
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Módolo, Tiago José Caparica [UNESP]. "Avaliação da suplementação intranasal de oxigênio em burros (Equus caballus x Equus asinus) anestesiados com a associação cetamina, butorfanol e éter gliceril guaiacólico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113761.
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000802614.pdf: 882064 bytes, checksum: b7822e655db58da21a13a3612d8971c0 (MD5)As principais complicações para a realização de anestesia a campo em muares é a ocorrência de hipoxemia e a escassez de estudos a respeito de protocolos anestésicos na espécie. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação intranasal de oxigênio (SIO) em burros (Equus caballus X Equus asinus) anestesiados a campo com a associação cetamina/butorfanol/éter gliceril guaiacólico (EGG). Para isso, foram utilizados 6 burros adultos (278 a 365 kg) submetidos à medicação pré-anestésica (MPA) com 0,2 mg/kg de midazolam por via intramuscular (IM), após 15 minutos, 0,02 mg/kg de detomidina por via intravenosa (IV), seguido, após 5 minutos, de indução com administração IV da associação de cetamina (2mg/ml), butorfanol (22,5 μg/ml) e EGG (50 mg/ml) em solução de glicose a 5% (C/B/G) até o animal assumir o decúbito lateral. A manutenção foi realizada com a mesma associação anestésica da indução na taxa de infusão inicial de 2,1 ml/kg/h. Os animais foram submetidos duas vezes à MPA, indução e manutenção anestésica descrita anteriormente, com intervalo mínimo de 20 dias, formando, assim, dois grupos experimentais. Grupo SEM SIO – MPA, indução (0,92 ± 0,24 ml/kg (média ± DP)) e manutenção anestésica (2,2 ± 0,2 ml/kg/h) com a associação C/B/G sem SIO; Grupo COM SIO – MPA, indução (0,98 ± 0,17 ml/kg) e manutenção anestésica (2,3 ± 0,4 ml/kg/h) com a associação C/B/G com SIO, fluxo de 40 ml/kg/h de oxigênio. Durante a anestesia foi colhido sangue arterial a cada 20 minutos (T0, T20, T40 e T60) para hemogasometria e analisados os parâmetros cardiovasculares a cada 5 minutos. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA seguidos pelo teste de Bonferroni. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Foi observado hipoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg) dos burros no grupo sem SIO em todos os tempos avaliados ...
The main complications of the field anesthesia in the mules are incident of hypoxemia and paucity of studies on anesthetic protocols in the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal oxygen supplementation (SIO) in mules (Equus caballus X Equus asinus) anesthetized under field conditions with combination of ketamine, butorphanol and guaifenesin. Six adult mules (278 to 365 kg) were used and underwent to premedication with 0.2 mg/kg of midazolam (i.m.), after 15 min, 0.02 mg/kg of detomidine (i.v.), after 5 min, anesthesia was induced with administration (free flow) a mixture of 5% guaifenesin with ketamine (2.0 mg/ml) and butorphanol (22.5 μg/ml) (C/B/G). When lateral recumbency occurred, the same mixture was used to maintenance (2.1 ml/kg/h). The animals were submitted twice to the MPA, induction and maintenance of anesthesia described above, with a minimum interval of 20 days, thus forming two experimental groups. WITHOUT SIO – MPA, induction (0.92 ± 0.24 ml/kg (mean ± SD)) and maintenance (2.2 ± 0.2 ml/kg/h) with C/B/G mixture without SIO; WITH SIO - MPA, induction (0.98 ± 0.17 ml/kg) and maintenance (2.3 ± 0.4 ml/kg/h) with C/B/G mixture with SIO in rate of 40 ml/kg/min. Arterial blood was collected each 20 minutes (T0, T20, T40 and T60) during anesthesia, for blood gas analysis, and the cardiovascular parameters measured each 5 minutes. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test and P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg) was observed in mules of the group without SIO at all times evaluated (T0 = 59 ± 5; T20 = 55 ± 5; 53 ± 7 = T40; T60 = 49 ± 8) and the means were considered significantly lower than the mean the supplemented group (T0 = 160 ± 34; T20 = 115 ± 34; T40 = 92 ± 25; T60 = 81 ± 19). Furthermore, the animals showed cardiovascular stability, demonstrating that the ...
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Módolo, Tiago José Caparica. "Avaliação da suplementação intranasal de oxigênio em burros (Equus caballus x Equus asinus) anestesiados com a associação cetamina, butorfanol e éter gliceril guaiacólico /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113761.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: José Antônio MarquesCoorientador: Marina Salles Munerato
Banca: André Escobar
Banca: Paulo Sergio Patto dos Santos
Resumo: As principais complicações para a realização de anestesia a campo em muares é a ocorrência de hipoxemia e a escassez de estudos a respeito de protocolos anestésicos na espécie. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação intranasal de oxigênio (SIO) em burros (Equus caballus X Equus asinus) anestesiados a campo com a associação cetamina/butorfanol/éter gliceril guaiacólico (EGG). Para isso, foram utilizados 6 burros adultos (278 a 365 kg) submetidos à medicação pré-anestésica (MPA) com 0,2 mg/kg de midazolam por via intramuscular (IM), após 15 minutos, 0,02 mg/kg de detomidina por via intravenosa (IV), seguido, após 5 minutos, de indução com administração IV da associação de cetamina (2mg/ml), butorfanol (22,5 μg/ml) e EGG (50 mg/ml) em solução de glicose a 5% (C/B/G) até o animal assumir o decúbito lateral. A manutenção foi realizada com a mesma associação anestésica da indução na taxa de infusão inicial de 2,1 ml/kg/h. Os animais foram submetidos duas vezes à MPA, indução e manutenção anestésica descrita anteriormente, com intervalo mínimo de 20 dias, formando, assim, dois grupos experimentais. Grupo SEM SIO - MPA, indução (0,92 ± 0,24 ml/kg (média ± DP)) e manutenção anestésica (2,2 ± 0,2 ml/kg/h) com a associação C/B/G sem SIO; Grupo COM SIO - MPA, indução (0,98 ± 0,17 ml/kg) e manutenção anestésica (2,3 ± 0,4 ml/kg/h) com a associação C/B/G com SIO, fluxo de 40 ml/kg/h de oxigênio. Durante a anestesia foi colhido sangue arterial a cada 20 minutos (T0, T20, T40 e T60) para hemogasometria e analisados os parâmetros cardiovasculares a cada 5 minutos. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA seguidos pelo teste de Bonferroni. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Foi observado hipoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg) dos burros no grupo sem SIO em todos os tempos avaliados ...
Abstract: The main complications of the field anesthesia in the mules are incident of hypoxemia and paucity of studies on anesthetic protocols in the species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal oxygen supplementation (SIO) in mules (Equus caballus X Equus asinus) anesthetized under field conditions with combination of ketamine, butorphanol and guaifenesin. Six adult mules (278 to 365 kg) were used and underwent to premedication with 0.2 mg/kg of midazolam (i.m.), after 15 min, 0.02 mg/kg of detomidine (i.v.), after 5 min, anesthesia was induced with administration (free flow) a mixture of 5% guaifenesin with ketamine (2.0 mg/ml) and butorphanol (22.5 μg/ml) (C/B/G). When lateral recumbency occurred, the same mixture was used to maintenance (2.1 ml/kg/h). The animals were submitted twice to the MPA, induction and maintenance of anesthesia described above, with a minimum interval of 20 days, thus forming two experimental groups. WITHOUT SIO - MPA, induction (0.92 ± 0.24 ml/kg (mean ± SD)) and maintenance (2.2 ± 0.2 ml/kg/h) with C/B/G mixture without SIO; WITH SIO - MPA, induction (0.98 ± 0.17 ml/kg) and maintenance (2.3 ± 0.4 ml/kg/h) with C/B/G mixture with SIO in rate of 40 ml/kg/min. Arterial blood was collected each 20 minutes (T0, T20, T40 and T60) during anesthesia, for blood gas analysis, and the cardiovascular parameters measured each 5 minutes. The data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni test and P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg) was observed in mules of the group without SIO at all times evaluated (T0 = 59 ± 5; T20 = 55 ± 5; 53 ± 7 = T40; T60 = 49 ± 8) and the means were considered significantly lower than the mean the supplemented group (T0 = 160 ± 34; T20 = 115 ± 34; T40 = 92 ± 25; T60 = 81 ± 19). Furthermore, the animals showed cardiovascular stability, demonstrating that the ...
Mestre
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Rüegg, Simon R. Rüegg Simon R. "Todesursachen und Equine Piroplasmosen bei der Auswilderung von Przewalskipferden (Equus caballus przewalskii) in Takhin Tal, Mongolei = Mortality causes and Equine Piroplasmoses at the reintroducion site of Przewalski's horses (Equus caballus przewalskii) in Takhin Tal, Mongolia /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Giacomoni, Elise Hofheinz. "Estudo da variabilidade genética em quatro raças brasileiras de cavalos (Equus caballus - Equidae) utilizando marcadores microssatélites." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29987.
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O Brasil possui cerca de uma dezena de raças de cavalos sendo essas classificadas em locais ou comerciais. As raças que aqui se naturalizaram são descendentes dos animais trazidos pelos portugueses e espanhóis na época da colonização. Cerca de 500 anos após sofrer seleção natural e artificial esses cavalos adquiriram características próprias capazes de se adaptar a ambientes adversos, escassez de alimento, doenças, influência do homem e cruzamento indiscriminado com raças exóticas. Assim, surgiram raças típicas brasileiras dotadas de peculiaridades importantes para as regiões em que vivem. Com isso, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o de estimar a variabilidade genética em quatro raças brasileiras de cavalos (Brasileiro de Hipismo, Crioulo, Mangalarga e Pantaneiro) por meio do marcador de DNA microssatélites. Foram utilizados 10 loci de microssatélites que amplificaram para as quatro raças. Em um primeiro estudo, foi estimada a variabilidade genética em 227 animais de três fazendas da região do Pantanal. Um total de 91 alelos foi encontrado. A probabilidade de exclusão de paternidade (PE) para as três amostras conjunta ficou em torno de 99,3%. O conteúdo de informação polimófica (PIC) foi alto, considerado altamente informativo. Os valores de Fis revelaram alto índice de homozigose nas três populações. Pôde-se verificar, por meio de baixos valores de Fst, baixa estruturação para as amostras estudadas sugerindo pouca diferenciação entre as mesmas. Foram utilizados três métodos para detectar gargalo de garrafa. Os resultados sugerem que os animais das fazendas estudadas não passaram por um processo de declínio populacional recente, mas que provavelmente animais da Fazenda Nova Esperança estariam passando por um processo de estruturação. Um outro estudo de variabilidade genética incluiu, além da raça Pantaneira, outras três raças brasileiras de cavalos: Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) e Mangalarga. Os mesmos 10 loci de microssatélites também foram utilizados. Todos os loci amplificaram nas quatro raças, com a exceção de AHT17 em BH e Mangalarga. A raça que apresentou maior variabilidade alélica foi a Pantaneira (n = 91) seguida pelas raças Crioula (n = 81), BH (n = 57) e Mangalarga (n = 41). O coeficiente de endogamia (Fis) apresentou valores altos para as quatro raças. Por meio da estimativa Fst pôde-se inferir que a raça Mangalarga é a mais divergente entre as raças estudadas. Através do programa Structure, foi observado que Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo e Mangalarga estão estruturadas em quatro distintas raças.Brazil has around ten horse breeds, which are classified as local or commercial horses. The breeds established here are descendant from the animals brought by the Portuguese and Spanish colonization. After 500 years of natural and artificial selection, these horses acquired their own adaptive characteristics to adverse environments, lack of food, diseases, human influence, and random breeding with exotic breeds. Thus, the main objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability of four Brazilian horse breeds (Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo and Mangalarga) by microsatellite markers. Ten microsatellite loci have been used and amplified in the 4 breeds. On a first study, the genetic variability was estimated in 227 animals from three farms around the Pantanal region. A total of 91 alleles were found. The paternity exclusion probability (PE) to all 3 samples was around 99.3%. The polymorphic information content (PIC) was high, and considered to be informative. The Fis values showed high levels of homozygosity in all three populations. It was verified, through the low values of Fst, low structure of the samples studied, suggesting slight differentiation among them. Three methods to detect the bottleneck effect have been used. These results suggest that the animals from the studied farms did not go through a recent population decrease in numbers, however animals from the Fazenda Nova Esperança may be going through a structure process. On a second study, besides the Pantaneiro, genetic variability was also estimated in others three Brazilian horse breeds: Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo (BH) and Mangalarga. The same 10 microsatellite loci were used. All loci amplified in the four breeds, except for the AHT17 in the BH and Mangalarga. The breed that presented higher allelic variability was Pantaneiro, followed by the Crioulo, BH and Mangalarga breeds. The endogamy coefficient (Fis) showed high values on the four breeds. Through the Fst estimate, it was observed that the Mangalarga breed is more differentiated among the studied breeds. Through the Structure software, it was observed that Pantaneiro, Crioulo, Brasileiro de Hipismo and Mangalarga are structured in four distinct breeds.
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Zilow, Vera Katrin [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Erhard. "Untersuchungen zur Haltung von Hengsten (Equus ferus caballus) in Bayern / Vera Katrin Zilow. Betreuer: Michael Erhard." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078852006/34.
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Gray, Meeghan E. "The influence of reproduction and fertility manipulation on the social behavior of feral horses (Equus caballus)." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3355582.
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Mains, Christine Marie. "COMPARATIVE MAPPING: HOMOLOGY WITHIN THE ORDER PERISSODACTYLA OF FOUR GENES LOCATED ON EQUUS CABALLUS CHROMOSOME 20." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyvesc2004t00198/CMThesis.pdf.
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Carvalho, Carla Fernanda Paranhos de Moura. "Avalia??o de Extratos Aquosos de Plantas no Tratamento da Endometrite Bacteriana em ?guas (Equus caballus)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/835.
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Previous issue date: 2008-09-05This study was conducted during 2005-2007 seasons, and aimed at the evaluation of the activity of extracts of plants in isolated bacteria from susceptible uterus of mares. Twenty-one susceptible to endometritis animals were selected after a gynecological exam performed in 135 mares located in private properties and Instituto de Zootecnia from UFRRJ. Uterine smears were collected with guarded swabs to perform bacteriology, cytology and samples to endometrial biopsy. Pure cultures of Escherichia coli (10, 47,6%), Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (8, 38%) and Staphylococcus aureus (2, 9,5%) were isolated, and compounds of nonpathogenic microorganisms like: Staphylococcus coagulase negative, micrococcus, Streptococci alpha-hemolytic, bacillus gram positives e Enterobacter spp. Species of S. aureus, Streptococci of group C, Enterococcus sp. e Escherichia coli isolated from uterine smears was submitted to Microbiological sensitivity test according to CLSE (2005). The antimicrobiological sensitivity test in vitro demonstrated resistance to eritromycin in one specimen of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus and intermediary resistance to cephalotin in E. coli specimens. Antimicrobial activity in vitro of aqueous extracts (AE) of three plants: Stryphnodendron adstringens, Kalanchoe pinnata and Kalanchoe brasiliensis, in AACT standard form, was available. Results revealed antimicrobial activity of Stryphnodendron adstringens (barbatim?o) against Gram positive bacteria. A total of 57,1% mares presented endometritis in cytological exams. Out of the 12 females that presented inflammation, nine were diagnosed with severe inflammation (>5 neutrophils for field). In Pearson s correlation to evaluate the relationship between the isolation of pathogenic bacteria and uterine inflammation, a high correlation between the two variable (r =0,94) was observed. Among the evaluated specimens, chronic endometritis was diagnosed in 11 mares (52,3%); seven mares (33,3%) presented endometritis in chronic and acute forms and in three mares (14,3%) acute endometrites were observed. Fibrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells were the most commonly found. On the in vivo testing with aqueous extract of S. adstringens, the 12 mares in which uterine smears Gram positive bacteria was isolated were divided in 3 groups that received 3 different treatments: Group 1, uterine infusion with 20 ml of antibiotic (Penicillin and streptomycin), group 2 infusion with 20ml of saline solution and group 3 infusion with 20 ml of aqueous extract of S. adstringens. The aqueous extract of S. adstringens has variable effectiveness to inhibit Gram positive specimes isolated from uterus of mares, partly differing from the in vitro results. The effect of Stryphnodendron adstringens extracts suggests the need of further studies toward the isolation of the compounds associated with the biological activity, to provide an alternative treatment to equine bacterial endometritis.
O trabalho foi conduzido durante o per?odo de 2005 a 2007, e teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade de extratos de plantas frente a bact?rias isoladas do ?tero de ?guas suscept?veis a endometrite. Ap?s realiza??o de exame ginecol?gico em 135 ?guas localizadas em propriedades particulares e pertencentes ao Instituto de Zootecnia da UFRRJ, selecionou-se 21 animais com caracter?sticas de susceptibilidade a endometrite. Foram coletadas secre??es uterinas com swabs protegidos para os estudos bacteriol?gicos e citol?gicos e coleta de fragmentos para bi?psia endometrial. Foram isoladas cepas de Escherichia coli (10, 47,6%), seguidas de Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (8, 38%) e Staphylococcus aureus (2, 9,5%), al?m de componentes da microbiota, considerados n?o patog?nicos, como estafilococos coagulase negativos, micrococos, Streptococcus ? hemol?ticos, bacilos gram positivos e enterecocos. Cepas de S. aureus, Streptococos do grupo C, Enterococcus sp. e E. coli isoladas das secre??es uterinas foram submetidas ao teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos de acordo com as recomenda??es do CLSI (2005). O perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro demonstrou resist?ncia a eritromicina em um isolado de Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus e resist?ncia intermedi?ria a cefalotina entre isolados de E. coli. Posteriormente, a atividade anti-bacteriana in vitro dos extratos aquosos (EA) das plantas Stryphnodendron adstringens, Kalanchoe pinnata e Kalanchoe brasiliensis, frente as cepas padr?o ATCC, foram avaliadas. Observou-se a??o da planta Stryphnodendron adstringens frente a cepas de bact?rias Gram positivas. Um total de 57,1% das ?guas do experimento apresentaram endometrite no exame citol?gico. Dentre as 12 ?guas que apresentaram inflama??o, em nove foi diagnosticada inflama??o severa (>5 neutr?filos por campo). Empregando-se a correla??o de Pearson para avaliar a rela??o entre o isolamento de bact?rias patog?nicas e inflama??o uterina, observou-se uma correla??o positiva entre as duas vari?veis (r =0,94). Nas amostras analisadas, obtivemos endometrite cr?nica em 11 ?guas (52,3%), sete ?guas (33,3%) apresentaram endometrite com resposta cr?nica e uma rea??o aguda se sobrepondo e em tr?s ?guas (14,3%) foi observada endometrite aguda. O achado histopatol?gico mais freq?ente foi a fibrose e o infiltrado inflamat?rio de mononucleares. No teste in vivo com extrato aquoso da planta S. adstringens, as 12 ?guas que foram isoladas bact?rias Gram positivas das secre??es uterinas, foram divididas em 3 grupos com tr?s diferentes tratamentos: Grupo 1, infus?o uterina com 20 ml de antibi?tico (Penicilina e estreptomicina), grupo2 infus?o com 20ml de solu??o fisiol?gica e grupo 3 infus?o com 20ml de extrato aquoso de S. adstringens. O extrato aquoso da planta S. adstringens teve efic?cia vari?vel frente as cepas Gram positivas isoladas do ?tero das ?guas, diferindo, em parte, dos resultados obtidos in vitro. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a necessidade de estudos criteriosos com o Stryphnodendron adstringens buscando o isolamento dos princ?pios ativos, no sentido de contribuir para tratamentos alternativos da endometrite infecciosa eq?ina. Palavras-chave: O trabalho foi conduzido durante o per?odo de 2005 a 2007, e teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade de extratos de plantas frente a bact?rias isoladas do ?tero de ?guas suscept?veis a endometrite. Ap?s realiza??o de exame ginecol?gico em 135 ?guas localizadas em propriedades particulares e pertencentes ao Instituto de Zootecnia da UFRRJ, selecionou-se 21 animais com caracter?sticas de susceptibilidade a endometrite. Foram coletadas secre??es uterinas com swabs protegidos para os estudos bacteriol?gicos e citol?gicos e coleta de fragmentos para bi?psia endometrial. Foram isoladas cepas de Escherichia coli (10, 47,6%), seguidas de Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (8, 38%) e Staphylococcus aureus (2, 9,5%), al?m de componentes da microbiota, considerados n?o patog?nicos, como estafilococos coagulase negativos, micrococos, Streptococcus ? hemol?ticos, bacilos gram positivos e enterecocos. Cepas de S. aureus, Streptococos do grupo C, Enterococcus sp. e E. coli isoladas das secre??es uterinas foram submetidas ao teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos de acordo com as recomenda??es do CLSI (2005). O perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana in vitro demonstrou resist?ncia a eritromicina em um isolado de Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus e resist?ncia intermedi?ria a cefalotina entre isolados de E. coli. Posteriormente, a atividade anti-bacteriana in vitro dos extratos aquosos (EA) das plantas Stryphnodendron adstringens, Kalanchoe pinnata e Kalanchoe brasiliensis, frente as cepas padr?o ATCC, foram avaliadas. Observou-se a??o da planta Stryphnodendron adstringens frente a cepas de bact?rias Gram positivas. Um total de 57,1% das ?guas do experimento apresentaram endometrite no exame citol?gico. Dentre as 12 ?guas que apresentaram inflama??o, em nove foi diagnosticada inflama??o severa (>5 neutr?filos por campo). Empregando-se a correla??o de Pearson para avaliar a rela??o entre o isolamento de bact?rias patog?nicas e inflama??o uterina, observou-se uma correla??o positiva entre as duas vari?veis (r =0,94). Nas amostras analisadas, obtivemos endometrite cr?nica em 11 ?guas (52,3%), sete ?guas (33,3%) apresentaram endometrite com resposta cr?nica e uma rea??o aguda se sobrepondo e em tr?s ?guas (14,3%) foi observada endometrite aguda. O achado histopatol?gico mais freq?ente foi a fibrose e o infiltrado inflamat?rio de mononucleares. No teste in vivo com extrato aquoso da planta S. adstringens, as 12 ?guas que foram isoladas bact?rias Gram positivas das secre??es uterinas, foram divididas em 3 grupos com tr?s diferentes tratamentos: Grupo 1, infus?o uterina com 20 ml de antibi?tico (Penicilina e estreptomicina), grupo2 infus?o com 20ml de solu??o fisiol?gica e grupo 3 infus?o com 20ml de extrato aquoso de S. adstringens. O extrato aquoso da planta S. adstringens teve efic?cia vari?vel frente as cepas Gram positivas isoladas do ?tero das ?guas, diferindo, em parte, dos resultados obtidos in vitro. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a necessidade de estudos criteriosos com o Stryphnodendron adstringens buscando o isolamento dos princ?pios ativos, no sentido de contribuir para tratamentos alternativos da endometrite infecciosa eq?ina.
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Prata, Luiza Garcia. "Estudo doppler e histograma em escala de cinza na avaliação hepática de equinos (Equus caballus) adultos." Botucatu, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180209.
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Orientador: Vânia Maria de Vasconcelos MachadoResumo: A técnica ultrassonográfica permite a avaliação de quase todas as estruturas abdominais, inclusive do fluxo sanguíneo. A análise do fluxo portal, e de outros grandes vasos abdominais, como a veia cava caudal (VCC) e artéria aorta (AA) abdominal, auxilia o diagnóstico de doenças intra e extra-hepáticas. Devido à escassez literária sobre o assunto em equinos, a pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a técnica ultrassonográfica dos grandes vasos abdominais, determinar referências do diâmetro vascular e velocidade de fluxo sanguíneo da veia porta (VP), a partir do uso da ultrassonografia em modo bidimensional, e pela técnica Triplex Doppler. Foram selecionados 18 animais adultos, com os valores dos exames laboratoriais dentro da normalidade para a espécie, e clinicamente sadios. A partir da obtenção das imagens ultrassonográficas pelo modo-B, mediu-se o diâmetro dos vasos. O método Triplex doppler foi acionado, permitindo a análise da velocidade, pelo corte longitudinal do vaso. A média do diâmetro vascular foi de 2,74±0,25 cm para VP, 2,68±0,36 cm para VCC, e 2,78±0,23 para AA. A velocidade do fluxo venoso portal foi 0,35±0,05 m/s, e a relação porta aorta caval foi aproximadamente 1:1. Não se observou diferenças significativas ao comparar os valores obtidos para as variáveis entre os grupos de machos e fêmeas, ou forte correlação com a idade e peso. O fluxo portal demonstrou um aspecto morfológico contínuo, hepatopetal, e com discreta variação de velocidade. Pelas imagens realizada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The ultrasound technique allows the assessment of almost all abdominal structures, including blood flow. The portal flow analysis, and of other large abdominal vessels, such as the caudal vena cava (VCC) and abdominal aorta arterie (AA), helps to diagnose intra and extrahepatic diseases. Due to the lack of literature on the subject in equines, this research aimed to study the ultrasonographic technique on great abdominal vessels, determine references of vascular diameter and the flow velocity of portal vein (VP), by using ultrasonography in B-mode, and Triplex Doppler technique. Eighteen adult animals were selected, with laboratory tests values within the normal range for the species, and clinically healthy. From the B-mode ultrasonographic imaging, vessels diameters were measured. The Triplex Doppler was used, allowing the analysis of velocity, through longitudinal section of the vessel. The mean vascular diameter was 2.74 ± 0.25 cm for PV, 2.68 ± 0.36 cm for VCC, and 2.78 ± 0.23 for AA. The portal blood flow velocity was 0.35 ± 0.05 m / s, and the porta aorta caval ratio was approximately 1:1. No significant differences were observed, when comparing the values obtained for the variables between the groups of males and females, nor strong correlation with age and weight. The portal flow presented/exhibited a continuous morphological aspect, hepatopetal, and with little velocity variation. Through B-mode images, regions of interest were selected to determine echotexture and e... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Fureix, Carole. "Réactions à l'homme et bien-être / mal-être chez le cheval Equus caballus : vers des indicateurs." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S060.
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Nos objectifs sont 1. D'améliorer la compréhension des facteurs impliqués dans les réactions des chevaux envers l'homme, en prenant notamment en compte leur état de bien-être / mal-être et 2. D'identifier des critères fiables de l'état de bien-être / mal-être des chevaux par 1 approche multidimensionnelle. Nos résultats montrent que les réactions des chevaux envers l'homme sont fonction d'une perception globale qu'ils ont de l'homme, d'indices émis par l'homme (état attentionnel) et de l'état de bien-être/mal-être des animaux. Nous avons réalisé une approche multidimensionnelle des indicateurs de bien-être/mal-être des chevaux. Nos résultats permettent d'identifier une posture globalement plate chez les chevaux de centre équestre, une posture figée au box caractérisée par une encolure également plate et une baisse de réactivité, et une position d'oreilles majoritairement vers l'arrière chez les chevaux au bien-être altéré. Nous avons aussi observé des taux de cortisol plus bas chez les chevaux au bien-être altéré. Ce travail contribue à mieux comprendre les facteurs impliqués dans les réactions des chevaux envers l'homme, et met en exergue des indicateurs fiables de l'état de bien-être / mal-être des chevauxThis study aims at 1. Improving the understanding of the factors involved in the horse's reactions towards humans by considering, among others, their welfare state and 2. At identifying reliable indicators of the horses' welfare state based on multidimensional approach. Our results show that these reactions depend on the horses' global perception of humans, cues emitted by humans (attentional state) and the animals' welfare state. In a second part, we realized a study with multi-dimensional approaches on the indicators of the horses' welfare, by comparing health-related, physiological, behavioural and postural measures. Our results allow us to identify a flattest posture for horses from riding schools, a fixed posture in the box, characterized by a flat neck and a decreased reactivity, and a backward usual ear position linked with altered welfare. On the physiological side, we observed lower cortisol levels for horses with altered welfare. Overall, this work contributes to a better understanding of the factors involved in horses' reactions towards humans and put the emphasis on reliable indicators of the horse's welfare
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Wittmann, Marion [Verfasser], and Fred [Akademischer Betreuer] Sinowatz. "Glykohistochemische, immunhistochemische und ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen am Nebenhoden des Pferdes (Equus ferus caballus) / Marion Wittmann. Betreuer: Fred Sinowatz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032862467/34.
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Madosky, Jessa. "Factors That Affect Harem Stability in a Feral Horse (Equus caballus) Population on Shackleford Banks island, NC." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/450.
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Mammal species often live in social groups, but the factors that promote group cohesion can be difficult to analyze due to the prevalence of strong group affiliations. Feral horses maintain stable harems of one or two males and several females, and harem stability is strongly related to individual fitness. Anecdotal evidence and an early study in the non-breeding season suggest that management of the Shackleford Banks island horses with immunocontraception reduces harem stability in the population, providing an opportunity to study the factors that influence harem stability. I investigated the effects of the immunocontraceptive PZP on harem stability during the breeding season and examined mare activity budgets and harassment rates to determine if these factors influence harem stability. I hypothesized that 1) immunocontraception would increase the rates at which mares changed harems during the breeding season 2) activity budgets of contracepted individuals would differ significantly from those of uncontracepted individuals, and 3) contracepted mares would experience greater levels of harassment associated with changing harems than uncontracepted mares. I found that the immunocontraceptive does increase harem changes during the breeding season. I also found that contracepted mares have different activity budgets than uncontracepted mares; as predicted, contracepted mares grazed less and moved more than uncontracepted controls. The factors that influence mare activity budgets included immunocontraception, harem stallion, number of individuals in the harem, number of mares in the harem and body condition of the mare, as well as some interactions between factors. I found that high harassment rates by both harem stallions and other mares in the harem are correlated with higher harem change rates and that contracepted mares are harassed more than uncontracepted mares. These results indicate that the immunocontraceptive does influence harem stability in this feral horse population, potentially through alterations in activity budgets and harassment rates.
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Silva, Carlos Frederico Gitsio Klier Teixeira da [UNESP]. "Valores hematológicos bioquímicos e exame de líquido peritoneal de eqüinos(Equus caballus, Linnaeus, 1758) durante síndrome cólica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89295.
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A cólica, também denominada desconforto abdominal agudo, consiste em uma síndrome que acomete o trato gastrintestinal de eqüinos, provocando a diminuição do trânsito intestinal e aumento da produção de endotoxinas com o conseqüente aumento da permeabilidade do epitélio intestinal. Se esse processo não for controlado pode levar a lesões vasculares generalizadas, gerando a sintomatologia observada na cólica podendo evoluir para a morte por choque endotoxêmico. Com o objetivo de avaliar as possíveis alterações fisiopatológicas em eqüinos acometidos de cólica, utilizando os exames hematológicos, bioquímicos e do líquido peritoneal, foram colhidas amostras de sangue, soro e liquido peritoneal de nove eqüinos que apresentavam sintomas de abdômen agudo, como depressão, dor, alterações de comportamento (rolar no chão e olhar para o flanco) aumento do tempo de perfusão capilar e diminuição da motilidade intestinal, devido a distúrbios gastrintestinais (cólica), e de nove eqüinos saudáveis (grupo controle) comprovado por exames clínicos e confirmado pelos exames laboratoriais. Os valores médios observados nos eqüinos com cólica foram maiores que nos eqüinos do grupo controle no eritrograma, leucometria, uréia e creatinina (no soro e no líquido peritoneal). O exame do líquido peritoneal demonstrou aspecto turvo e cor avermelhada. Conclui-se que eqüinos acometidos com cólica apresentaram hemoconcentração, reação inflamatória e azotemia. O líquido peritoneal de eqüinos com desconforto abdominal agudo apresenta características de transudato modificado. E a elevação da concentração das enzimas séricas ALT, AST, CK, no sangue e no líquido peritoneal pode ser utilizada na abordagem clínica dos eqüinos com cólica.
Colic also known as acute abdominal pain, is a syndrome that affect the gastrointestinal tract of equines, leading to a decrease in the intestinal flow and increase in the productions of endotoxins with consequent increase in the intestinal epithelium permeability. If not controlled, this process could lead to generalized vascular lesions, and generating the colic symptoms, leading to death by endotoxemic chock. The goal of this work was to evaluate the possible alterations in equine colic, using the hematological, biochemistry and peritoneal fluid exams, were collect samples from nine horses that present symptoms of acute abdomen such as depression, pain, behavioral abnormalities (rolling and look to the side), increased capillary perfusion time and decreasing in the intestinal movements, due to gastrointestinal disturbances (colic), and nine healthy equines (control group), demonstrated by clinical and laboratory exams. The average values observed in the horses with colic were bigger than the equines from the control group in the eritrogram, leucogram, urea and creatinin (in the serum and plasma). The peritoneal fluid was turbid and reddish. In conclusion the equines with colic presented hemoconcentration, inflammatory reaction and azotemia. The peritoneal fluid of equines with acute abdominal presented the typical characteristics of modified transudate. And the elevation of serum and peritoneal fluid enzyme concentrations, such as ALT, AST and CK could be used in the clinical approach to equine colic.
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Silva, Carlos Frederico Gitsio Klier Teixeira da. "Valores hematológicos bioquímicos e exame de líquido peritoneal de eqüinos(Equus caballus, Linnaeus, 1758) durante síndrome cólica /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89295.
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Orientador: Raimundo Souza LopesResumo: A cólica, também denominada desconforto abdominal agudo, consiste em uma síndrome que acomete o trato gastrintestinal de eqüinos, provocando a diminuição do trânsito intestinal e aumento da produção de endotoxinas com o conseqüente aumento da permeabilidade do epitélio intestinal. Se esse processo não for controlado pode levar a lesões vasculares generalizadas, gerando a sintomatologia observada na cólica podendo evoluir para a morte por choque endotoxêmico. Com o objetivo de avaliar as possíveis alterações fisiopatológicas em eqüinos acometidos de cólica, utilizando os exames hematológicos, bioquímicos e do líquido peritoneal, foram colhidas amostras de sangue, soro e liquido peritoneal de nove eqüinos que apresentavam sintomas de abdômen agudo, como depressão, dor, alterações de comportamento (rolar no chão e olhar para o flanco) aumento do tempo de perfusão capilar e diminuição da motilidade intestinal, devido a distúrbios gastrintestinais (cólica), e de nove eqüinos saudáveis (grupo controle) comprovado por exames clínicos e confirmado pelos exames laboratoriais. Os valores médios observados nos eqüinos com cólica foram maiores que nos eqüinos do grupo controle no eritrograma, leucometria, uréia e creatinina (no soro e no líquido peritoneal). O exame do líquido peritoneal demonstrou aspecto turvo e cor avermelhada. Conclui-se que eqüinos acometidos com cólica apresentaram hemoconcentração, reação inflamatória e azotemia. O líquido peritoneal de eqüinos com desconforto abdominal agudo apresenta características de transudato modificado. E a elevação da concentração das enzimas séricas ALT, AST, CK, no sangue e no líquido peritoneal pode ser utilizada na abordagem clínica dos eqüinos com cólica.
Abstract: Colic also known as acute abdominal pain, is a syndrome that affect the gastrointestinal tract of equines, leading to a decrease in the intestinal flow and increase in the productions of endotoxins with consequent increase in the intestinal epithelium permeability. If not controlled, this process could lead to generalized vascular lesions, and generating the colic symptoms, leading to death by endotoxemic chock. The goal of this work was to evaluate the possible alterations in equine colic, using the hematological, biochemistry and peritoneal fluid exams, were collect samples from nine horses that present symptoms of acute abdomen such as depression, pain, behavioral abnormalities (rolling and look to the side), increased capillary perfusion time and decreasing in the intestinal movements, due to gastrointestinal disturbances (colic), and nine healthy equines (control group), demonstrated by clinical and laboratory exams. The average values observed in the horses with colic were bigger than the equines from the control group in the eritrogram, leucogram, urea and creatinin (in the serum and plasma). The peritoneal fluid was turbid and reddish. In conclusion the equines with colic presented hemoconcentration, inflammatory reaction and azotemia. The peritoneal fluid of equines with acute abdominal presented the typical characteristics of modified transudate. And the elevation of serum and peritoneal fluid enzyme concentrations, such as ALT, AST and CK could be used in the clinical approach to equine colic.
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Dencausse, Laurent. "Valorisation de matières premières végétales et animales pour l'industrie des cosmétiques : Pentadesma butyracea, Equus caballus, Bombyx mori." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30043.
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Ce travail est consacre a l'etude de matieres premieres et d'actifs liposolubles destines a l'industrie des cosmetiques. Les beurres de pentadesma et de karite sont des matieres grasses vegetales qui ont des proprietes physico-chimiques et cosmetiques tres voisines. A ce jour, seul le beurre de karite est utilise dans l'industrie cosmetique. Une etude comparative des deux beurres montre que les compositions en acides gras et en triglycerides sont tres proches. De la meme maniere, les fractions insaponifiables sont constituees essentiellement d'alcools triterpeniques. Les principaux sont l' et la -amyrine, le butyrospermol et le lupeol. Les deux beurres different par leur composition sterolique constituee de <7-sterols (-spinasterol et <7-stigmastenol) pour le karite et d'un melange de <5 et <7-sterols pour le pentadesma ou le stigmasterol domine ce qui est rarement rencontre dans la nature. L'analyse de cette fraction permet de determiner l'origine botanique des beurres et l'existence de melanges eventuels notamment dans les preparations cosmetiques. Les n-acylaminoacides sont des actifs qui presentent des proprietes physico-chimiques et biologiques interessantes pour le maintien et le retablissement physiologique de l'epiderme. La synthese des n-acylaminoacides est realisee par reaction d'acides amines et d'un agent acylant. Une voie de synthese elaboree en milieu organique anhydre a ete appliquee avec succes a des hydrolysats de fibroine de soie et de crin de cheval. Les n-palmitoylaminoacides correspondants ont ete caracterises et doses par chromatographie en phase liquide. Une formulation (huile/eau) a ete realisee a partir des beurres de pentadesma et de karite ainsi qu'avec des n-palmitoylaminoacides. Cette composition presente des qualites rheologiques et cosmetiques particulierement interessantes pour le developpement d'une nouvelle ligne de produits cosmetiques.
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Basile, Muriel. "Perception auditive chez trois espèces de mammifères (equus caballus, cercopithecus campbelli, homo sapiens) : latéralité et préférence acoustique." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S032.
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Afin de mieux cerner l’origine du langage humain, nous avons adopté deux approches comparatives distinctes consistant à étudier la perception auditive animale, à travers la latéralité auditive des signaux de communication vocaux et les préférences pour des signaux artificiels non communicatifs tels que la musique. Dans le cadre de la première approche, nous avons employé un paradigme comportemental d’orientation de tête largement utilisé chez les vertébrés, afin de tester l’influence des valeurs sociale et/ou émotionnelle des signaux vocaux sur l’expression d’une latéralité auditive chez le cheval (Equus Caballus), la mone de Campbell (Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli) et l’enfant humain (Homo sapiens sapiens). L’originalité de ce travail réside notamment en la considération de nouvelles variables comportementales (cheval : orientations d’oreille ; singe et enfant : orientations du regard), mesurées en complément de l’approche classique. Nous avons ainsi démontré l’existence d’une latéralité auditive pour la première fois chez une espèce d’ongulé. La valeur sociale du signal vocal a influencé l’apparition de réponses comportementales latéralisées chez les trois espèces, à travers différents degrés de familiarité ou d’affiliation sociale. Une influence de la valeur émotionnelle du cri, ainsi qu’un effet croisé des valeurs sociale et émotionnelle sont également apparus chez le singe et l’enfant. Cependant, les patterns de latéralité observés suggèrent d’avantage un partage des tâches entre les deux hémisphères cérébraux, plutôt qu’une dominance stricte de l’un par rapport à l’autre. En second lieu, un test de préférence, s’appuyant sur des changements de positionnement spatial volontaires du sujet en relation avec la nature des stimuli musicaux diffusés, ne nous a pas permis de déceler de préférence d’harmonie musicale individuelle ou de groupe chez la mone de Campbell. La variabilité des patterns d’activité locomotrice exprimés par les sujets ne nous permet pas de prouver un effet perturbateur (positif ou négatif) de l’exposition à la musique, sur le comportement de nos sujets. Ces résultats témoignent de l’utilité d’une approche comparative afin de mieux appréhender l’impact des relations sociales sur la communication animale et humaineIn order to have a better understanding of the human language origin, we adopted two different comparative approaches consisting in studying the animal auditory perception, through auditory laterality of the vocal signals of communication and through preferences for non-communicative artificial signals such as music. Within the framework of the first approach, we employed the head turn paradigm widely used in vertebrates, to test the influence of the social and\or emotional values of vocal signals on the expression of an auditory laterality in horses (Equus Caballus), Campbell’s monkeys (Cercopithecus campbelli campbelli) and human children (Homo sapiens sapiens). The originality of this work lies particularly in the consideration of new behavioural variables (horse: ear orientation; monkey and child: gaze orientation), measured as a supplement to the classical approach. We demonstrated the existence of an auditory laterality for the first time in ungulates. For each species, the social value of the vocal signal influenced the appearance of lateralized behavioural answers, through different degrees of familiarity or social membership. An influence of the emotional value of the vocal signals, as well as a crossed effect of the social and emotional values also appeared in monkeys and children. However, the patterns of laterality observed suggest more a task sharing between both hemispheres, rather than a strict dominance of one over the other. Secondly, a preference test, based on voluntary spatial movement of the subject in connection with the nature of the broadcast musical stimuli, did not allow us to reveal preferences for musical harmony in Campbell's monkeys at an individual or group level. The variability of the patterns of locomotor activity observed does not allow us to prove a disruptive effect (positive or negative) on the behaviour of our subjects due to the exposure to music. These results testify of the utility of a comparative approach to better apprehend the impact of social relationships on animal and human communication
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Agüero, Alarcón Sebastián Edgardo. "Detección de Cryptosporidium spp. en equinos (Equus caballus) de un centro ecuestre militar de la Región Metropolitana." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131843.
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Bruegl, Hilary A. "Remotely Administered Immunocontraception as an Effective and Humane Management Tool for Feral Horses (Equus caballus) in Overpopulated Rangelands." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/329.
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Since the advent of world travel and exploration, humans have been introducing animals to new countries and environments to which they were not native. Wild horses in North America are protected by the Wild Free-Roaming Horses & Burros Act, and their growing populations can damage native species and ecosystems. These feral horses organize themselves into harems consisting of several mares, a dominant stallion, and occasionally subordinate stallions. In the breeding season, a peak in stallion libido and mare ovulation elicit distinct reproductive behaviors. Population numbers of feral horses (Equus caballus) need to be humanely controlled without the disruption of these key behaviors. The Adopt-A-Horse program, a current program consisting of roundup and public adoption for a fee, is not effective on its own. The proposed study examines two minimally-invasive immunocontraceptive methods that may be effective in reducing population growth: Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, antibodies that prevent mares from entering estrous, and porcine zona pellucida (PZP), an antibody that changes the conformation of ova sperm receptors to prevent fertilization. This potential study proposes that 8 independent populations of feral horses will be tracked for 4 years to assess normal behavior. After 4 years, populations will undergo one of four treatments: control (n=1), roundup and adoption (n=1), mares treated with 2-year remotely administered PZP vaccine (n=3), and mares treated with 2-year remotely administered GnRH agonist (n=3). Urinalysis will be used to test for pregnancy, and behavior of mares will be monitored over the course of 4 years after administration. Combined observations of behavioral effects and growth rates will be used to determine the most efficient and humane method of population control. Both chemical methods of fertility control should greatly reduce the overall number of foals produced. Where PZP will potentially be the better choice for immunocontraception due to its minimal interference with the endocrine system of feral horses, GnRH agonists are likely to affect normal behavior and may not be suitable for implementation in wild rangelands. Efforts to control populations will be most effective when the current Adopt-A-Horse program is combined with administration of PZP every second year. Success of an immunocontraception program for feral horses in overpopulated rangelands may pave the way for more invasive populations to be controlled in this manner.
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Souza, Ana Letícia Groszewicz de. "Histopatologia e imunoistoquímica do bulbo do olho de equinos (Equus caballus, Linnaeus, 1758) soropositivos ou soronegativos para leptospirose /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101106.
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Orientador: José Luiz LausBanca: Aline Adriana Bolzan
Banca: Fabrício Villela Mamede
Banca: Delphim da Graça Macoris
Banca: Marcia Rita Fernandes Machado
Resumo: A doença endógena inflamatória uveal em equinos constitui resposta imunopatogênica complexa, onde se admite a participação de uma variedade de antígenos. A uveíte recorrente dos equinos (URE), também denominada ophthalmia periódica ou moon blindness, é uma panuveíte e constitui-se na causa mais comum de diminuição da percepção visual, cuja patogênese permanece, ainda, sob investigação. Inúmeras pesquisas apontam para a hipótese de hipersensibilidade a antígenos bacterianos. A maioria dos estudos mostra evidências de infecção por Leptospira sp.. Examinaram-se, ao acaso, os olhos de 29 animais e coletaram-se o soro, o humor aquoso e o corpo vítreo para proteinograma e aglutinação microscópica para Leptospira sp.. Outrossim, fragmentos de córnea, íris, retina e coróide para histopatologia e imunoistoquímica. A prova de aglutinação microscópica identificou 14 animais positivos, seis animais com titulação igual a 40 e nove indivíduos negativos para as amostras de soro. Houve um animal positivo na amostra de humor aquoso e na de corpo vítreo e outro negativo na de soro (titulação 40), mas positivo na de corpo vítreo. Foram encontrados os sorovares icterohaemorrhagiae, autumalis, patoc, sentot, habdomadis. Foram identificadas, à eletroforese do soro, as proteínas: imunoglobulina A; ceruloplasmina; trasnferrina; hemopexina; albumina; anti-tripsina; imunoglobulina G de cadeia pesada; haptoglobina; glicoproteína ácida; imunoglobulina G de cadeia leve e proteína de 25kda. A única proteína que mostrou resultado estatístico significativo foi a ceruplasmina (p=0,05) com animais soropositivos para leptospirose. À histopatologia a espessura da córnea foi significativamente maior nos animais soropositivos (p=0,0347). O exame imunistoquímico para pesquisa da bactéria Leptospira sp. mostrou maior... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Endogenous uveal inflammatory disease in the horse represent a complex immunopathological response to a range of presumed antigens. Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a panuveitis and the most commmon cause of blindness in horses. Many researchers favour the hypothesis that ERU is delayed type hypersensitivity response to bacterial antigens. New findings show evidence of leptospiral infection in ERU eyes. Fifity eight eyeballs from twenty nine horses randomly selected were studied using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The serum from 29 animals, aqueous humor an vitreous body from 58 eyes were collected for proteinogram and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Leptospira sp.. The microscopic agluttination test was identified 14 positive animals, six with titer 40 and nine negative in serum samples. One seropositive animal was positive in aquaeous humor and vitreous body and another seronegative horse was positive in vitreous body. Were found five serovars from 26 studied from Leptospira interrogans: icterohaemorrhagiae, autumalis, patoc, sentot, habdomadis. Were identified by serum electrophoresis, the following proteins: immunoglobulin A; ceruloplasmin; trasnferrina; hemopexina; albumin, anti-trypsin, the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G; haptoglobin; glycoprotein, immunoglobulin G and the light chain protein, 25kda. The only protein that showed significant results with seropositive horses was ceruplasmin (p = 0.05). The pathomorphologic changes on HE-stained sections showed that seropositive animals for leptospirosis had corneal thickness significantly higher than the seronegative (p = 0.0347). The immunohistochemistry test for Leptospira sp. showed higher positivity in samples of cornea, and some animals were seronegative but positive for this test. At immunohistochemistry was observed that the anti-metalloproteinase... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Souza, Ana Letícia Groszewicz de [UNESP]. "Histopatologia e imunoistoquímica do bulbo do olho de equinos (Equus caballus, Linnaeus, 1758) soropositivos ou soronegativos para leptospirose." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101106.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A doença endógena inflamatória uveal em equinos constitui resposta imunopatogênica complexa, onde se admite a participação de uma variedade de antígenos. A uveíte recorrente dos equinos (URE), também denominada ophthalmia periódica ou moon blindness, é uma panuveíte e constitui-se na causa mais comum de diminuição da percepção visual, cuja patogênese permanece, ainda, sob investigação. Inúmeras pesquisas apontam para a hipótese de hipersensibilidade a antígenos bacterianos. A maioria dos estudos mostra evidências de infecção por Leptospira sp.. Examinaram-se, ao acaso, os olhos de 29 animais e coletaram-se o soro, o humor aquoso e o corpo vítreo para proteinograma e aglutinação microscópica para Leptospira sp.. Outrossim, fragmentos de córnea, íris, retina e coróide para histopatologia e imunoistoquímica. A prova de aglutinação microscópica identificou 14 animais positivos, seis animais com titulação igual a 40 e nove indivíduos negativos para as amostras de soro. Houve um animal positivo na amostra de humor aquoso e na de corpo vítreo e outro negativo na de soro (titulação 40), mas positivo na de corpo vítreo. Foram encontrados os sorovares icterohaemorrhagiae, autumalis, patoc, sentot, habdomadis. Foram identificadas, à eletroforese do soro, as proteínas: imunoglobulina A; ceruloplasmina; trasnferrina; hemopexina; albumina; anti-tripsina; imunoglobulina G de cadeia pesada; haptoglobina; glicoproteína ácida; imunoglobulina G de cadeia leve e proteína de 25kda. A única proteína que mostrou resultado estatístico significativo foi a ceruplasmina (p=0,05) com animais soropositivos para leptospirose. À histopatologia a espessura da córnea foi significativamente maior nos animais soropositivos (p=0,0347). O exame imunistoquímico para pesquisa da bactéria Leptospira sp. mostrou maior...
Endogenous uveal inflammatory disease in the horse represent a complex immunopathological response to a range of presumed antigens. Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a panuveitis and the most commmon cause of blindness in horses. Many researchers favour the hypothesis that ERU is delayed type hypersensitivity response to bacterial antigens. New findings show evidence of leptospiral infection in ERU eyes. Fifity eight eyeballs from twenty nine horses randomly selected were studied using histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The serum from 29 animals, aqueous humor an vitreous body from 58 eyes were collected for proteinogram and microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Leptospira sp.. The microscopic agluttination test was identified 14 positive animals, six with titer 40 and nine negative in serum samples. One seropositive animal was positive in aquaeous humor and vitreous body and another seronegative horse was positive in vitreous body. Were found five serovars from 26 studied from Leptospira interrogans: icterohaemorrhagiae, autumalis, patoc, sentot, habdomadis. Were identified by serum electrophoresis, the following proteins: immunoglobulin A; ceruloplasmin; trasnferrina; hemopexina; albumin, anti-trypsin, the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G; haptoglobin; glycoprotein, immunoglobulin G and the light chain protein, 25kda. The only protein that showed significant results with seropositive horses was ceruplasmin (p = 0.05). The pathomorphologic changes on HE-stained sections showed that seropositive animals for leptospirosis had corneal thickness significantly higher than the seronegative (p = 0.0347). The immunohistochemistry test for Leptospira sp. showed higher positivity in samples of cornea, and some animals were seronegative but positive for this test. At immunohistochemistry was observed that the anti-metalloproteinase... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Faganello, Cláudia Skilhan. "Morfologia celular endotelial de diferentes regiões da córnea de equinos (Equus caballus) com a coloração vermelho de alizarina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108179.
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Objetivo: O endotélio é uma monocamada de células achatadas, poligonais e interligadas que recobrem a superfície posterior da córnea, sendo fundamental na manutenção da transparência desta estrutura. Objetivou-se avaliar a morfologia de diferentes regiões da córnea de equinos após coloração com vermelho de alizarina utilizando a microscopia óptica. Procedimentos: Foram estudados 16 bulbos oculares de oito equinos, machos ou fêmeas, de diferentes faixas etárias. O endotélio da córnea foi corado com o corante vital vermelho de alizarina (Alizarin Red S, Sigma Aldrich), dissolvido previamente em solução isotônica (0,2g/100mL), com pH ajustado para 4,2 com ácido clorídrico, e após examinado com microscópio óptico e fotografado. Foi avaliada a morfologia endotelial das regiões central, superior, inferior, temporal e nasal da córnea. De cada região da córnea, foram analisadas 100 células endoteliais. Foi realizada a análise de variância (ANOVA). Resultados: A porcentagem média de células hexagonais na região superior da córnea foi de 57,78 ± 3,14 %, na região inferior foi de 58,62 ± 6,413 %, na região temporal foi de 56,14 ± 6,749 %, na região nasal foi de 56,88 ± 6,296 %, na região central dos equinos foi de 55,43 ± 4,464 %. O percentual de células com menos de seis lados foi 22,72 ± 3,04 % para a região central, 20,81 ± 3,534 % para a região superior, 20,14 ± 3,82 % para a região inferior, 21,66 ± 4,04 % para a região temporal, 21,60 ± 3,04 % para a região nasal. O percentual de células com mais de seis lados foi de 21,85 ± 3,99 % para a região central, 21,31 ± 3,81 % para a região superior, 21,24 ± 4,08 % para a região inferior, 22,2 ± 4,88 % para a região temporal, 21,52 ± 4,71 % para a região nasal. Com relação à morfologia não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as regiões da córnea avaliadas. Conclusão: A microscopia óptica e a coloração com vermelho de alizarina possibilitaram a análise e a documentação do endotélio da córnea de equinos. No que diz respeito à morfologia, não existem diferenças entre as regiões da córnea de equinos.Objective: The endothelium is a single layer of flattened, interlocking polygonal cells lining the posterior surface of the cornea; its main function is to maintain the transparency of this structure. The objective was to evaluate the morphology of different regions of the equine cornea by optical microscopy after staining with alizarin red. Procedures: 16 eye bulbs of eight horses, male or female, of different ages were studied. The corneal endothelium was stained with alizarin red vital dye (Alizarin Red S, Sigma Aldrich), previously dissolved in isotonic solution (0.2g / 100 mL) with pH adjusted to 4.2 with hydrochloric acid. The corneal endothelium was examined by optical microscope and photographed. Endothelial morphology of central, superior, inferior, temporal and nasal cornea was evaluated. One hundred endothelial cells of each cornea region were analyzed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. Results: The percentage of hexagonal cells in the upper region was 57,78 ± 3,14 %, in the lower region was 58,62 ± 6,413 %, in temporal region was 56,14 ± 6,749 %, in the nasal region was 56,88 ± 6,296 %, in the central region was 55,43 ± 4,464 %. The percentage of cells with less than six sides was 22,72 ± 3,04 % for the region central, 20,81 ± 3,534 % for the upper region, 20,14 ± 3,82 % for the lower region, 21,66 ± 4,04 % for the temporal region, 21,60 ± 3,04 % for the nasal region. The percentage of cells with more than six sides was 21,85 ± 3,99 % for the region central, 21,31 ± 3,81 % for the upper region, 21,24 ± 4,08 % for the lower region, 22,2 ± 4,88 % for the temporal region, 21,52 ± 4,71 % for the nasal region. Regarding to morphology there was no statistically significant difference between the regions of the evaluated corneas. Conclusion: Optical microscopy and staining with Alizarin red enabled the analysis and documentation of the corneal endothelium of horses. There are no differences in endothelial cell morphology in different regions of the cornea of horses.
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Schwartz, Emily M. "DIGESTIBILITY OF TWO COMPLETE PELLETED DIETS BY THE HORSE (EQUUS CABALLUS) AS A MODEL ANIMAL FOR NONDOMESTIC HINDGUT FERMENTERS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1505.
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Estimating nutrient and energy requirements of exotic animals is a necessary component of nutrition management in zoos and other wildlife facilities. In the absence of species-specific data, domestic animal models are often referenced. Herbivorous hindgut fermenters, such as horses, zebra, and rhinoceros, rely on microbial fermentation in the cecum and colon to utilize dietary structural carbohydrates. The study objective was to measure the digestible energy of two (LOW, HIGH) complete pelleted diets by the horse as a model for nondomestic hindgut fermenters. Seven, individually housed, adult Quarter Horse (Equus caballus) geldings were assigned to one of two diets as 100% of intake in a randomized crossover design. Experimental diets both contained similar ingredients including soybean oil as an added source of supplemental fat (LOW 1.7%, HIGH 6.9%). Diets differed in predicted digestible energy (LOW 2.29 Mcal/kg, HIGH 2.85 Mcal/kg, DE), ether extract (LOW 4.00%, HIGH 7.41%, EE), and acid detergent fiber (LOW 33.7%, HIGH 26.2%, ADF). Daily feed quantities were offered at 33.3 kcal DE BWkg-1 equally distributed over three meals to maintain target BW. Daily feed intake was quantified. Horses had ab libitum access to water. Horses were transitioned from all forage to 100% test diet over 14 d, acclimated to the test feed for 19 d prior to 4 d acclimation and 6 d total fecal collection using hygiene collection harnesses (Equi-San Marketing Pty Ltd). Diet transition between periods occurred over 8 d. Total fecal output was quantified every 8 h, thoroughly mixed and 10% of measured mass output was subsampled for further analysis. Body weights (BW) recorded weekly did not change significantly throughout the trial (P = 0.420). Apparent digestibility of diet within horse and day was evaluated by a nested ANOVA (Minitab 16). The apparent digestibility of EE (P < 0.000), neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.008), and ADF (P = 0.002) differed between the two diets. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.137), OM (P = 0.140), and GE (P = 0.418) were not different. Excess fat not digested and absorbed in the small intestine (by-pass fat) will enter the hindgut and may cause disruption of normal microbial activity. Additionally soybean oil, when consumed in quantities that allow by-pass to occur, has been shown to have a negative effect on fiber digestibility in hindgut fermenters. A negative effect on fiber digestibility in the higher fat diet could result in diets closer in DM, OM, and GE digestibility than initially predicted. The NRC (2007) recommends that no more than 0.7 g/kg BW/d of soybean oil be fed to the horse. The HIGH diet provided 0.91 g/kg BW/d soybean oil. Feeds that contain concentrations higher than recommended may not be appropriate as the sole dietary ingredient of hindgut fermenters. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of soybean oil and to determine the threshold at which soybean oil will begin to suppress hindgut fiber digestion. In vivo measurements of digestibility in model species may provide useful benchmarks from which diets for nondomestic hindgut fermenters, as well as horses, may be formulated.