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Journal articles on the topic 'Equivalent electrical circuit model'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Liu, Tao, Le Xu, Yao He, Han Wu, Yong Yang, Nankai Wu, Xiaoning Yang, Xiaowei Shi, and Feng Wei. "A Novel Simulation Method for Analyzing Diode Electrical Characteristics Based on Neural Networks." Electronics 10, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192337.

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Based on the equivalent circuit model and physical model, a new method for analyzing diode electrical characteristics based on a neural network model is proposed in this paper. Although the equivalent circuit model is widely used, it cannot effectively reflect the working state of diode circuits under the conditions of large injection and high frequency. The analysis method based on physical models developed in recent years can effectively resolve the above shortcomings, but it faces the problem of a low simulation efficiency. Therefore, the physical model method based on neural network acceleration is used to improve the traditional, equivalent circuit model. The results obtained from the equivalent circuit model and the physical model are analyzed using the finite-difference time-domain method. The diode model based on a neural network is fitted with training data obtained from the results of the physical model, then it is summarized into a voltage–current equation and used to improve the traditional, equivalent circuit method. In this way, the improved equivalent circuit method can be used to analyze the working state of a diode circuit under large injection and high frequency conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by some examples.

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2

Beser, Esra Kandemir. "Electrical equivalent circuit for modelling permanent magnet synchronous motors." Journal of Electrical Engineering 72, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2021-0024.

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Abstract In permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) models, only the stator part is given as an electrical circuit and mechanical equations are used for modelling the mechanical part of the machine. In this study, electrical equivalents of mechanical equations are also obtained and mechanical parameters of a PMSM are expressed as an electrical circuit element. In this way, an exact electrical equivalent circuit is proposed in which both the stator and the mechanical part can be modelled as an electrical circuit for the PMSMs dynamic model. Although PMSM model includes mechanical parameters and variables, the complete model is expressed only in electrical elements and variables. The proposed PMSM circuit was simulated for different load torques in the circuit simulation program. Simulation results show that the proposed circuit operates like a PMSM. Simulation results were verified by another method in the form of solution of the differential equations that constitute the mathematical model of PMSM. Due to the proposed circuit that enables the conversion of mechanical parameters into electrical parameters, PMSM can be modelled and simulated as an electrical circuit with completely electrical elements in a circuit simulation program.

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3

Kido, Yugo, Hideki Motomura, Yoshihisa Ikeda, Susumu Satoh, and Masafumi Jinno. "Clarification of electrical current importance in plasma gene transfection by equivalent circuit analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): e0245654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245654.

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We have been developing a method of plasma gene transfection that uses microdischarge plasma (MDP) and is highly efficient, minimally invasive, and safe. Using this technique, electrical factors (such as the electrical current and electric field created through processing discharge plasma) and the chemical factors of active species and other substances focusing on radicals are supplied to the cells and then collectively work to introduce nucleic acids in the cell. In this paper, we focus on the electrical factors to identify whether the electric field or electrical current is the major factor acting on the cells. More specifically, we built a spatial distribution model that uses an electrical network to represent the buffer solution and cells separately, as a substitute for the previously reported uniform medium model (based on the finite element method), calculated the voltage and electrical current acting on cells, and examined their intensity. Although equivalent circuit models of single cells are widely used, this study was a novel attempt to build a model wherein adherent cells distributed in two dimensions were represented as a group of equivalent cell circuits and analyzed as an electrical network that included a buffer solution and a 96-well plate. Using this model, we could demonstrate the feasibility of applying equivalent circuit network analysis to calculate electrical factors using fewer components than those required for the finite element method, with regard to electrical processing systems targeting organisms. The results obtained through this equivalent circuit network analysis revealed for the first time that the distribution of voltage and current applied to a cellular membrane matched the spatial distribution of experimentally determined gene transfection efficiency and that the electrical current is the major factor contributing to introduction.

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4

Simatupang, Joni Welman, Wilbert Wijaya, David Tyler, and Clementine Mavridis. "Simulation analysis of equivalent circuit model of skin-electrode impedance for transcutaneous electrical stimulation." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 1936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i4.3080.

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For more than 50 years, transcutaneous electrical stimulation method has been used to cure the spinal cord injury, stroke or cerebral palsy. This method works by activating the excitable nerves, muscle fibers by electrical current stimulation through electrode to skin interface. Electrode to skin interface requires equivalent circuit to overcome the inability of measuring the skin resistivity directly. We have learned several previous models, which are from Lawler, Moineau and Keller and Kuhn. Unfortunately, Moineau model neglects the capacitance effect, while Lawler and Keller and Kuhn include capacitive and resistive nature of skin in their equivalent circuits. Both models consisted of only one parallel RC block. Therefore, this paper presents the simulation results of the proposed equivalent circuit model using two parallel RC circuits. Simulation of the proposed model is conducted in MATLAB 2015a and compared with two previous models using certain parameters. Results show that the proposed model obtained the impedance of 10.830 kΩ when it is simulated using 100Hz frequency, for Lawler model the impedance is 5.340 kΩ and Keller and Kuhn model the impedance obtained is 6.490 kΩ. The proposed model has the refined impedance compared with other models and is expected to deliver better electrical stimulation.

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5

Labidi, Mondher, and Fethi Choubani. "Electrical equivalent model of meta-materials based on circular SRR." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 6 (April 20, 2015): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000604.

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This work focuses on the circuit modeling and full-wave analysis behavior of circular split ring resonator (SRR). We investigate an equivalent circuit model that allows calculating the resonant frequency from the geometric parameters. Equivalent LC parameters of inductance and capacitance are derived using conformal mapping and constitutive equations. Lumped element equivalent circuit models of resonator are investigated highlighting the behavior of inductance and capacitance. In order to validate our proposed analytical LC model, a comparison of theoretical and simulation results has been performed and a good agreement is achieved with a maximum error of 4.23% and a minimum error of 0.52%, which supports the validity of the equivalent model.

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6

KATARE, RAJESH KUMAR, LAKSHMAN PANDEY, O. P. THAKUR, OM PARKASH, and DEVENDRA KUMAR. "EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL OF Ca1-xYxTi1-xCoxO3 USING IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 08 (April 10, 2003): 339–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984903005238.

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Computer simulated complex immittance spectra of model equivalent circuits involving resistive and capacitive elements are calculated. A comparison of experimentally obtained complex immittance plots of the system Ca 1-x Y x Ti 1-x Co x O 3(x=0.05) with these simulated diagrams greatly facilitates the search for the most appropriate equivalent circuit representing the electrical properties of electronic ceramics.

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7

Lineykin, Simon, Moshe Sitbon, and Alon Kuperman. "Spatial Equivalent Circuit Model for Simulation of On-Chip Thermoelectric Harvesters." Micromachines 11, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060574.

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Interest in autonomous low-power energy sources has risen with the development and widespread use of devices with very low energy consumption. Interest in thermoelectric harvesters has increased against this background. Thermoelectric harvesters, especially harvesters on-chip, have peculiar properties related to the thermal route, thermal transients, and spatial temperature distribution within the chip. A behavioral model of the harvester is required for engineers to successfully develop voltage converters with maximum power point tracking and energy storage units. There are accurate models based on the finite element method, but these models are usually not compatible with simulators of electrical circuits, and therefore are not convenient for designers. Existing equivalent circuit models fit this requirement, but usually do not consider many parameters. This article proposes an original method that allows simulating spatial thermoelectric processes by analogy with the finite difference method, using electrical circuits simulations software. The study proposes a complete methodology for building the model and examples of simulations of one-, two- and three-dimensional problems, as well as examples of simulation of macro problems in the presence of external thermal and electrical devices, such as heatsink and electrical load.

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8

Sjostrom, M., B. Dutoit, and J. Duron. "Equivalent circuit model for superconductors." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 13, no. 2 (June 2003): 1890–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2003.812941.

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9

Park, Hyeonah, Yong-Jung Kim, and Hyosung Kim. "PV Cell Model by Single-diode Electrical Equivalent Circuit." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 1323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2016.11.5.1323.

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10

Deka, Utpal, Ram Prakash, Arun Sarma, and Chandra Bhushan Dwivedi. "Sheath Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model for Transient Sheath Dynamics." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 43, no. 5A (May 11, 2004): 2704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.43.2704.

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11

Elvin, Niell G., and Alex A. Elvin. "A Coupled Finite Element—Circuit Simulation Model for Analyzing Piezoelectric Energy Generators." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 20, no. 5 (November 28, 2008): 587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x08101565.

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A coupled finite element method (FEM) and circuit simulation approach for analyzing piezoelectric energy harvesters is presented. The advantage of the proposed method is that the mechanical analysis of the generator can be done using available FEM packages, while the circuit analysis can be performed using standard circuit simulation software (e.g., SPICE). The electromechanical coupling between the two physical domains is achieved by applying equivalent piezoelectric loads in the mechanical model, and equivalent electrical voltages in the electric model. This approach allows for the modeling of complex mechanical geometries and sophisticated, non-linear circuits. The solutions of two example problems are presented: (1) a beam generator with a resistive load, which is compared to an existing analytical solution, and (2) a plate generator with a non-linear diode bridge circuit. Though relatively easy to implement, the explicit solution technique presented in this article can be computationally expensive for complicated models with long simulation time-histories.

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12

Matveenko, Valerii, Maksim Iurlov, Dmitrii Oshmarin, Nataliya Sevodina, and Nataliia Iurlova. "Modelling of vibrational processes in systems with piezoelements and external electric circuits on the basis of their electrical analogue." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 16 (June 11, 2018): 3254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x18781025.

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The dissipative properties of electromechanical systems based on structure with elements made of piezomaterial can be controlled by attaching external electric circuits to the piezoelements. One can change electric circuit parameters in such a way as to ensure the greatest possible energy dissipation on an external electric circuit and, thereby, the best damping of the system’s specified oscillation frequency. Since the external electric circuits are a collection of elements with lumped parameters attached to a system with distributed parameters, the solution for such a system of electro-viscoelasticity problems in the complete formulation by the finite element method leads to a large solving system of algebraic equations. The solution of this system requires considerable time and computational resources. There are known approaches in mechanics that make it possible to represent mechanical systems with distributed parameters in the form of discrete systems with lumped parameters, such as a spring–mass–damper. In this article, it is proposed to model electromechanical systems with external electric circuits based on their electrical analogue in the form of equivalent electric substitution circuits, which are discrete electrical systems with lumped parameters. These discrete systems are analogues of the initial electromechanical systems in terms of frequency characteristics and the electrical processes that take place in them. The equivalent substitution circuit is based on the Van Dyke model and allows one to obtain the required number of complex eigenfrequencies of the electromechanical system under consideration.

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13

Wang, Hong Yan, Xiao Biao Shan, and Tao Xie. "Equivalent Circuit Simulation Model of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Bimorph Energy Harvester." Applied Mechanics and Materials 148-149 (December 2011): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.148-149.245.

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This paper presented an equivalent circuit simulation model of the cantilevered piezoelectric bimorph energy harvester for predicting the electrical power output of the energy harvester. The alternating voltage in the equivalent circuit model is identified from FE transducer model and the parameters of the resistance, capacitance and inductance in the equivalent circuit model are identified from FE actuator model. To valid the equivalent circuit simulation model, the power output values are compared with those obtained from the coupled piezoelectric-circuit finite element analysis. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the equivalent circuit simulation model.

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14

Machczynski, Wojciech, Krzysztof Budnik, and Jan Szymenderski. "Assessment of d.c. traction stray currents effects on nearby pipelines." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 35, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 1468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2015-0477.

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Purpose – dc electrified traction systems are a potential source of stray currents. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the harmful effects (electrolytic corrosion) that an electrified railway has on nearby earth return circuits (e.g. pipelines). Design/methodology/approach – The electric circuit approach, based on the earth return circuit theory, to model stray currents interference on extended structures is presented. An exact method of calculation is applicable to any dc railway system in which tracks can be represented by a single earth-return circuit (equivalent rail) with current energization. In the approximate method, the equivalent rail with current energization is modeled as a large multinode electrical equivalent circuit with lumped parameters. The circuit is a chain of basic circuits, which are equivalents of homogenous sections of the rail. The electrode kinetics (polarization phenomenon) is taken into account in the model developed. Findings – Formulas in partially closed forms are derived applicable to the analysis of currents and potentials along a pipeline laid in the proximity with railway tracks. The attempt is undertaken, to incorporate the electrode kinetics into the simulation model in which the polarization phenomenon (Tafel equation) is modeled by a non-linear voltage source with source voltage being iteratively calculated. The polarization potential along the affected pipeline can be determined. Originality/value – The pipeline electrochemical response (polarization behavior – non-linear phenomenon on the interface metal-soil electrolyte) to the dc stray currents interference is innovative incorporated into the simulation model with lumped parameters using the iterative process.

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15

Bukhari, Syed Sheheryar, William G. Whittow, J. C. Vardaxoglou, and Stefano Maci. "Equivalent Circuit Model for Coupled Complementary Metasurfaces." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 66, no. 10 (October 2018): 5308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2018.2860052.

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16

Bartolucci, G., S. P. Marsh, E. Limiti, and F. Giannini. "Equivalent circuit model of multiport overlay capacitors." Electronics Letters 31, no. 17 (August 17, 1995): 1402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19950999.

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17

Dwivedi, C. B., U. Deka, and A. Sarma. "Sheath Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model for Equilibrium Child Sheath Description." Physica Scripta 69, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.regular.069a00108.

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18

Bononi, A., L. A. Rusch, and L. Tancevski. "Simple dynamic model of fibre amplifiers and equivalent electrical circuit." Electronics Letters 33, no. 22 (1997): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19971273.

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19

Gong, Li Jiao, and Jiang Quan Li. "Research on Impedance Characterization of Triple-Layer Piezoelectric Bender." Applied Mechanics and Materials 50-51 (February 2011): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.50-51.32.

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The use of piezoelectric material as transducer is prevalent. Piezoelectric bending mode element can be used for vibration energy harvesting because it can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. In this article, electrical impedance characterization and equivalent circuit of triple-layer piezoelectric bender are discussed. Triple-layer piezoelectric bending device is fabricated, measured and modeled. This paper is aimed to explore simple but practical equivalent circuit models, expressed using electrical parameters of triple-layer piezoelectric bender and investigate the applicability of the Van Dyke circuit model and the complex circuit model in modeling the specimen’s equivalent circuit. The models produced impedance curves that closely matched the impedance measured for piezoelectric sample. The impedance characterization can provide a good understanding on the electrical behaviors of the triple layer piezoelectric bender when analyzing the performance of piezoelectric device.

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20

DENG, J., M. S. SHUR, T. A. FJELDLY, and S. BAIER. "CAD TOOLS AND OPTICAL DEVICE MODELS FOR MIXED ELECTRONIC/PHOTONIC VLSI." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 10, no. 01 (March 2000): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156400000325.

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This work addresses the issue of circuit simulation and photonic device modeling for mixed electronic/photonic VLSI. We present a basic approach to establishing the mixed electronic/photonic circuit simulator Photonic SPICE, where optical devices and interconnects are represented in terms of electrical equivalents. We also present results on the compact models of vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) implemented in AIM-Spice. The VCSEL model is based on first-order rate equations that are expressed in terms of an electrical equivalent circuit. The model accounts for the VCSEL self-heating effects.

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21

Mahfoudi, Nadjiba, M’hamed Boutaous, Shihe Xin, and Serge Buathier. "Thermal Analysis of LMO/Graphite Batteries Using Equivalent Circuit Models." Batteries 7, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries7030058.

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An efficient thermal management system (TMS) of electric vehicles requires a high-fidelity battery model. The model should be able to predict the electro-thermal behavior of the battery, considering the operating conditions throughout the battery’s lifespan. In addition, the model should be easy to handle for the online monitoring and control of the TMS. Equivalent circuit models (ECMs) are widely used because of their simplicity and suitable performance. In this paper, the electro-thermal behavior of a prismatic 50 Ah LMO/Graphite cell is investigated. A dynamic model is adopted to describe the battery voltage, current, and heat generation. The battery model parameters are identified for a single cell, considering their evolution versus the state of charge and temperature. The needed experimental data are issued from the measurements carried out, thanks to a special custom electrical bench able to impose a predefined current evolution or driving cycles, controllable by serial interface. The proposed battery parameters, functions of state of charge (SOC), and temperature (T) constitute a set of interesting and complete data, not available in the literature, and suitable for further investigations. The thermal behavior and the dynamic models are validated using the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), with a large operating time, higher than 3 h. The measurement and model prediction exhibit a temperature difference less than 1.2 °C and a voltage deviation less than 3%, showing that the proposed model accurately predicts current, voltage, and temperature. The combined effects of temperature and SOC provides a more efficient modeling of the cell behavior. Nevertheless, the simplified model with only temperature dependency remains acceptable. Hence, the present modeling constitutes a confident prediction and a real step for an online control of the complete thermal management of electrical vehicles.

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22

Şahin, Mustafa. "Modelling of Supercapacitors Based on Simplified Equivalent Circuit." CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications 6, no. 1 (March 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24295/cpsstpea.2021.00003.

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The need for energy storage devices especially in renewable energy applications has increased the use of supercapacitors. Accordingly, several supercapacitor models have been proposed in previous researches. Nevertheless, most of them require an intensive test to obtain the model parameters. These may not be suitable for an initial simulation study, where a simple model based on the datasheet is required to evaluate the system performance before building the hardware prototype. A simplified electrical circuit model for a supercapacitor (SC) based on the voltage-current equation is proposed in this paper to address this issue. This model doesn’t need an intensive test for accuracy. The structural simplicity and decent modelling accuracy make the equivalent electrical circuit model very suitable for power electronic applications and real-time energy management simulations. The parameters of the proposed model can be obtained from the datasheets value with a minimum test requirement. The experimental method to provide the parameters of the supercapacitor equivalent circuit is described. Based on the proposed method, the supercapacitor model is built in Matlab/Simulink, and the characteristics of equivalent series resistance (ESR) measurement and cycle life are compared with datasheets. The simulation results have verified that the proposed model can be applied to simulate the behaviour of the supercapacitor in most energy and power applications for a short time of energy storage. A supercapacitor test circuit is given to test the charge and discharge of supercapacitor modules. The experimental results are suitable for simulation results.

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23

Germer, Maxim, Uwe Marschner, and Alison B. Flatau. "Electrical tuning of magnetostrictive applications: Equivalent electromechanical circuit analysis." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 9 (February 13, 2019): 1435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19828484.

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Electromechanical equivalent circuit models provide an efficient tool for analysis of power flow across multiple physical domains. This work applies this approach to analyze the dynamic behavior of magnetostrictive material-based devices. Here, the unimorph system consists of a magnetostrictive galfenol (Fe-Ga alloy) layer bonded to a non-magnetic flexible metal layer, a pick-up coil wound around the bimetallic strip, and an electrical load. Permanent magnets at both ends of the unimorph provide a magnetic bias. The electrical load, consisting of a resistance and capacitance, is connected to the pick-up coil, such that vibration in the magnetostrictive alloy layer generates electrical energy. From a system point of view, a transformation of the electrical and magnetic elements into the mechanical domain reveals a vibration absorption core structure of the electromechanical system with the appropriate applied electrical load. Experimental results from two different devices are presented and their dynamic behaviors are compared with simulations for purposes of adjustable damping and tunable energy harvesting. Because of the very good agreement between simulations and measurements, the presented network model can be used to predict the performance of magnetostrictive sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, and dampers with a similar structure.

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24

Cheng, Congcong, Zhongsheng Chen, Hongwu Shi, Ziniu Liu, and Yeping Xiong. "System-Level Coupled Modeling of Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting Systems by Joint Finite Element and Circuit Analysis." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2413578.

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A practical piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (PVEH) system is usually composed of two coupled parts: a harvesting structure and an interface circuit. Thus, it is much necessary to build system-level coupled models for analyzing PVEH systems, so that the whole PVEH system can be optimized to obtain a high overall efficiency. In this paper, two classes of coupled models are proposed by joint finite element and circuit analysis. The first one is to integrate the equivalent circuit model of the harvesting structure with the interface circuit and the second one is to integrate the equivalent electrical impedance of the interface circuit into the finite element model of the harvesting structure. Then equivalent circuit model parameters of the harvesting structure are estimated by finite element analysis and the equivalent electrical impedance of the interface circuit is derived by circuit analysis. In the end, simulations are done to validate and compare the proposed two classes of system-level coupled models. The results demonstrate that harvested powers from the two classes of coupled models approximate to theoretic values. Thus, the proposed coupled models can be used for system-level optimizations in engineering applications.

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25

Miles, R. E., G. Millington, R. D. Pollard, D. P. Steenson, J. M. Chamberlain, and M. Henini. "Accurate equivalent circuit model of resonant tunnelling diodes." Electronics Letters 27, no. 5 (1991): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910270.

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Chua, E. K., and K. Y. See. "Full-wave equivalent circuit model for 2D conductor." Electronics Letters 39, no. 19 (2003): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20030917.

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Tang, W. H., Q. H. Wu, and Z. J. Richardson. "Equivalent heat circuit based power transformer thermal model." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 149, no. 2 (2002): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20020290.

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Li, G. L., P. K. L. Yu, W. S. C. Chang, K. K. Loi, C. K. Sun, and S. A. Pappert. "Concise RF equivalent circuit model for electroabsorption modulators." Electronics Letters 36, no. 9 (2000): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000642.

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29

Larson, L. E. "An improved GaAs MESFET equivalent circuit model for analog integrated circuit applications." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 22, no. 4 (August 1987): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.1987.1052774.

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30

Madani, Seyed, Erik Schaltz, and Søren Knudsen Kær. "An Electrical Equivalent Circuit Model of a Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery." Batteries 5, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010031.

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A precise lithium-ion battery model is required to specify their appropriateness for different applications and to study their dynamic behavior. In addition, it is important to design an efficient battery system for power applications. In this investigation, a second-order equivalent electrical circuit battery model, which is the most conventional method of characterizing the behavior of a lithium-ion battery, was developed. The current pulse procedure was employed for parameterization of the model. The construction of the model was described in detail, and a battery model for a 13 Ah lithium titanate oxide battery cell was demonstrated. Comprehensive characterization experiments were accomplished for an extensive range of operating situations. The outcomes were employed to parameterize the suggested dynamic model of the lithium titanate oxide battery cell. The simulation outcomes were compared to the laboratory measurements. In addition, the proposed lithium-ion battery model was validated. The recommended model was assessed, and the proposed model was able to anticipate precisely the current and voltage performance.

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31

Sedlakova, Vlasta, Josef Sikula, Jiri Majzner, Petr Sedlak, Tomas Kuparowitz, Brandon Buergler, and Petr Vasina. "Supercapacitor equivalent electrical circuit model based on charges redistribution by diffusion." Journal of Power Sources 286 (July 2015): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.03.122.

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32

Abdi, M., A. Karimi, M. Navidbakhsh, K. Hassani, and S. Faghihi. "RETRACTED: Modeling of cerebral aneurysm using equivalent electrical circuit (Lumped Model)." Perfusion 29, no. 2 (July 25, 2013): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659113498617.

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33

Ishida, Katsumichi, Kazuyoshi Kitamura, Takashi Furutsuka, and Kenichiro Suzuki. "Equivalent RF Circuit Model on Fluid MEMS Capacitors." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 131, no. 1 (2011): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.131.35.

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34

Shimotani, Toshihito, Yuki Sato, and Hajime Igarashi. "Direct synthesis of equivalent circuits from reduced FE models using proper orthogonal decomposition." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 35, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 2035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-03-2016-0088.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a fast synthesis method of the equivalent circuits of electromagnetic devices using model order reduction. Finite element method (FEM) has been widely used to design electromagnetic devices. For FE analysis of these devices connected to control and deriving circuits, FE equations coupled with the circuit equations have to be solved for many times in their design processes. If the FE models are replaced by equivalent circuit models, computational time could be drastically reduced. Design/methodology/approach In the proposed method, a reduced FE model is obtained using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) in which the size of FE equation is effectively reduced so that the computational time for FE analysis is shortened. Then, the equivalent circuits are directly synthesized from the admittance function of the reduced system. Findings Accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed method are compared with those of another POD-based method in which the equivalent circuits are synthesized from fitting of frequency characteristics using optimization algorithm. There are no significant differences in the accuracy of both methods, while the speedup ratio of the former method is found larger than that for the latter method for the same sampling points. Originality/value The equivalent circuits of electric machines and devices have been synthesized on the basis of physical insight of engineers. This paper proposes a novel method by which the equivalent circuits are automatically synthesized from FE model of the electric machines and devices using POD.

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Herencsar, Norbert, Todd J. Freeborn, Aslihan Kartci, and Oguzhan Cicekoglu. "A Comparative Study of Two Fractional-Order Equivalent Electrical Circuits for Modeling the Electrical Impedance of Dental Tissues." Entropy 22, no. 10 (October 3, 2020): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22101117.

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Background: Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a fast, non-invasive, and safe approach for electrical impedance measurement of biomedical tissues. Applied to dental research, EIS has been used to detect tooth cracks and caries with higher accuracy than visual or radiographic methods. Recent studies have reported age-related differences in human dental tissue impedance and utilized fractional-order equivalent circuit model parameters to represent these measurements. Objective: We aimed to highlight that fractional-order equivalent circuit models with different topologies (but same number of components) can equally well model the electrical impedance of dental tissues. Additionally, this work presents an equivalent circuit network that can be realized using Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) standard compliant RC component values to emulate the electrical impedance characteristics of dental tissues. Results: To validate the results, the goodness of fits of electrical impedance models were evaluated visually and statistically in terms of relative error, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliffe’s efficiency (NSE), Willmott’s index of agreement (WIA), or Legates’s coefficient of efficiency (LCE). The fit accuracy of proposed recurrent electrical impedance models for data representative of different age groups teeth dentin supports that both models can represent the same impedance data near perfectly. Significance: With the continued exploration of fractional-order equivalent circuit models to represent biological tissue data, it is important to investigate which models and model parameters are most closely associated with clinically relevant markers and physiological structures of the tissues/materials being measured and not just “fit” with experimental data. This exploration highlights that two different fractional-order models can fit experimental dental tissue data equally well, which should be considered during studies aimed at investigating different topologies to represent biological tissue impedance and their interpretation.

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Moussa, M. Ben, and M. Abdellaoui. "Modeling of the Electrochemical Reactions at the Electrode-Electrolyte Interface of Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries by an Equivalent Electrical Circuit." Sustainability in Environment 4, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): p241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v4n4p241.

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Based on the experimental impedance spectra, the electrochemical reactions that are deposed at the electrode-electrolyte interface can be modeled by equivalent electrical circuits. Each element used in the circuit must have a physical correspondence in the electrochemical system. In this work, a model has been proposed to a NiMH battery electrode to describe, in detail, the electrochemical process at the interface of this electrode. The theoretical impedance of a proposed circuit is a function of several variables. These adjusted variables to reach a good agreement between the theoretical spectra and the experimental spectra in the studied frequency. The Z-simplex software allows refining the experimental results. These results show a good superposition between the experimental spectra and the theoretical spectra corresponding to the proposed electric circuit. This leads to the conclusion that the proposed circuit describes the phenomena that take place at the interface of the hydride electrode.

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Blanc, Alexey. "The cascade equivalent A-H-circuit of the salient-pole generator on the base of the anisotropic model." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1123-1129.

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In the scientific studies of the electric machines, cylindrical and Cartesian laminated models have long proved their operability when it is necessary to transform the general solutions of the partial differential equations into four-terminal network equations and to create the cascade equivalent circuits of the electric machines. In the case of the salient-pole machines, piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunctions are usually used as the general solution. Unfortunately, we cannot create the cascade equivalent circuit of the salient-pole electric machine when (to ensure both the uniqueness and the accuracy of the solution) the field is modeled with many piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunctions (in the zone of poles) and many sinusoidal functions (in the air gap). Nevertheless, the author developed the approximate method for modeling the magnetic field of the salient-pole electric machines when only one piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunction is used and many sinusoidal functions. In this case, it becomes possible to transform the general solution of the partial differential equation into four-terminal network equations and to create the cascade equivalent circuit of the salient-pole electric machine. In this paper, the cascade equivalent A-H-circuit of the synchronous salient-pole machine is considered (without using piecewise continuous Sturm-Liouville eigenfunctions but also without properties averaging).

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Khalaj-Amirhosseini, Mohammad. "EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF INHOMOGENEOUS GRATINGS." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 69 (2007): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier06100501.

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Bartolucci, G. "Equivalent circuit model for microstrip multiport radial dividers." IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 141, no. 4 (1994): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:19941192.

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Savia, S. B., and E. A. Parker. "Equivalent circuit model for superdense linear dipole FSS." IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation 150, no. 1 (2003): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-map:20030107.

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Wu, Rui‐Zhi, Peng Wang, Rui‐Peng Li, and Qiang Zheng. "Equivalent circuit model of MIMO based on coupling matrix." Electronics Letters 51, no. 9 (April 2015): 665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.0164.

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Kao, C. H., C. C. Tseng, and Y. C. Liang. "Equivalent circuit model for an insulated gate bipolar transistor." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 152, no. 6 (2005): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:20045151.

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43

Lee, Seonghearn, and Hyun Kyu Yu. "Accurate high-frequency equivalent circuit model of silicon MOSFETs." Electronics Letters 35, no. 17 (1999): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19990980.

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YAMANAGA, Koh, Shuhei AMAKAWA, Kazuya MASU, and Takashi SATO. "A Universal Equivalent Circuit Model for Ceramic Capacitors." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E93-C, no. 3 (2010): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e93.c.347.

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Abdi, Mohsen, Alireza Karimi, Mahdi Navidbakhsh, Mohammadali Rahmati, and Kamran Hassani. "MODELING OF CORONARY ARTERY BALLOON-ANGIOPLASTY USING EQUIVALENT ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 26, no. 03 (March 17, 2014): 1450039. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237214500392.

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Arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis result in chronic total or partial occlusion of the coronary artery. Coronary artery disease (CAD) destroys some parts of the heart muscle tissue and is the leading cause of human deaths in the industrialized world. In this study, cardiovascular system is simulated by 42 compartments and then a coronary set (including artery, venous, myocardium and capillaries) is added to the model. Each vessel is modeled by three parameters, such as resistor, capacitor and inductor. These three parameters are variable with respect to the radius of the vessel. In this paper, first of all, aortic and coronary flow under healthy condition is studied. The obtained results are in complete agreement with experimental outcomes. Then cardiovascular system behavior in coronary artery stenosis condition is investigated. Finally, the effect of intra-coronary balloon pump on heart attack risk and also on stabilization of patient's emergency condition by mathematical simulation is analyzed. The results of modeling show that the balloon pumping of coronary artery is an advantageous way in rendering primary cure to patients. The proposed model, in addition, has implications for investigation of effects of different diseases on the cardiovascular system. It also has the potential to model different treatment methods on heart's performance and, as a result, recommend new methods in order to cure variant cardiovascular diseases.

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Mihalache, Cristinel, Smaranda Nitu, and Florin Ionescu. "Varistor Model Suitable for PSIM Circuit Simulations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 332 (July 2013): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.332.92.

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A varistor equivalent electrical network generally used in CAD software is presented. Based on a PSPICE model already presented [5] a PSIM model valid in static regime was developed. Since correct parameter estimation is very important for a model valid in transient regimes, a more detailed varistor electrostatic capacity Cp determination for future model improvements is presented.

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Li, Szu-Ju, Chi-Hon Ho, and Yao-Tsung Tsai. "Kronig–Penney model simulation with equivalent circuit method." International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 20, no. 3 (2007): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.636.

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Satish, Babita, Bharat Khurana, Sachin Kumar, and A. K. Saxena. "Evaluation of four-terminal-pair capacitance standards using electrical equivalent circuit model." Measurement 73 (September 2015): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2015.05.003.

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En-Xiao Liu, Er-Ping Li, Wei-Bin Ewe, Hui Min Lee, Teck Guan Lim, and Shan Gao. "Compact Wideband Equivalent-Circuit Model for Electrical Modeling of Through-Silicon Via." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 59, no. 6 (June 2011): 1454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2011.2116039.

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Saied, Seyed Amin, Karim Abbaszadeh, and Mehdi Fadaie. "Reduced Order Model of Developed Magnetic Equivalent Circuit in Electrical Machine Modeling." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 46, no. 7 (July 2010): 2649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2010.2044511.

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