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Journal articles on the topic 'Equity statistics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lehoczky, John, and Mark Schervish. "Overview and History of Statistics for Equity Markets." Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application 5, no. 1 (March 7, 2018): 265–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-statistics-031017-100518.

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2

Kolluri, Bharat, Susan Wahab, and Mahmoud Wahab. "Systematic Covariations and Emerging Asian Equity Markets’ Diversification Benefits to US Equity Investors." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 23, no. 02 (June 2020): 2050009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091520500095.

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Unconditional and conditional correlations have played a central role in portfolio analysis, optimization, and performance measurement. However, recent studies show these two correlation measures are inappropriate for measuring both financial integration and, therefore, diversification benefits. We use an alternative correlation measure that we refer to by factor model-implied correlation estimated from the systematic (predictable) portion of returns of a multi-factor model with several global risk factors. Estimated implied correlations, covariances, variances, and in-sample (predicted) mean returns are used to calculate optimal US and Asian equities’ asset allocation weights in alternative Global equity portfolios varying by Asian equity market combined with US equities, as well as by whether: (i) implied or unconditional statistics are used; and (ii) portfolios are optimized by Sharpe’s ratio-maximization or variance-minimization. Risk-adjusted returns of alternative actively-managed Global equity portfolios are compared to US equities’ risk-adjusted returns. We find Global equity portfolios with asset allocation weights calculated using factor model-implied statistics uniformly yield higher risk-adjusted returns than US equities and Global equity portfolios with asset allocation weights calculated using unconditional portfolio statistics. In actively-managed Global equity portfolios with asset allocation weights calculated using implied statistics, India and Taiwan consistently rank as top contributors, while South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong consistently rank as bottom contributors to enhancing US equities’ risk-adjusted returns. While our analyses are dynamic, they use implied portfolio statistics estimated from historical returns’ distributions. Future studies can extend this research using conditional(out-of-sample) ex-ante estimates of systematic returns, covariances, variances, and correlations in examining emerging markets’ contributions to developed markets’ equities.

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3

Derrig, Richard A., and Elisha D. Orr. "Equity Risk Premium." North American Actuarial Journal 8, no. 1 (January 2004): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2004.10596128.

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4

Banner, Adrian D., Robert Fernholz, and Ioannis Karatzas. "Atlas models of equity markets." Annals of Applied Probability 15, no. 4 (November 2005): 2296–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000449.

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5

Whitehouse, Gillian. "Recent Trends in Pay Equity: Beyond the Aggregate Statistics." Journal of Industrial Relations 43, no. 1 (March 2001): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1472-9296.00005.

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6

Luna, Andrew L. "Faculty Salary Equity Cases: Combining Statistics with the Law." Journal of Higher Education 77, no. 2 (March 2006): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2006.11778924.

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7

Luna, Andrew L. "Faculty Salary Equity Cases: Combining Statistics with the Law." Journal of Higher Education 77, no. 2 (2006): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhe.2006.0015.

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8

Lu, Yang, and David Kane. "Performance Attribution for Equity Portfolios." R Journal 5, no. 2 (2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/rj-2013-025.

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9

Nerviana, Riri. "The effect of financial ratios and company size on dividend policy." Indonesian Accounting Review 5, no. 1 (January 12, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14414/tiar.v5i1.486.

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The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is an effect of financial ratios on dividend policy, which is proxied by Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Return on Equity (ROE), Growth of Sales (GS), and Price Earning Ratio (PER), and the Company Size on the Dividend Policy of the company, which is proxied by Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). The population of this study is manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2013. This study uses purposive sampling method and its subject of 29 companies of the 145 companies that have been observed. The analytical techniques used in this research consist of descriptive statistics test, normality test, multiple linear regressions analysis, and hypothesis test comprising an analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2), model test research (statistical tests F), and a partial test (statistics test of t). The results indicate that only Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Return on Equity (ROE), and Price Earnings Ratio (PER) that have significant effect on dividend policy.

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10

Shoaib, Muneeza, Vijaya Kumar, Neelofer Mashood, and Hameedah Sayani. "Sponsorship of Case Study Competitions and Impact on Brand Equity-An Exploratory Study in the UAE Higher Education Sector." International Journal of Technology and Educational Marketing 7, no. 2 (July 2017): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtem.2017070103.

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This exploratory article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of case study competitions in promoting the brand equity of sponsors and organizers. The article compares the managerial objectives with the responses of participating students who are the targeted audience of the marketing communications of the sponsors and examines the alignment between managerial objectives and the perceptions of participants. The quantitative data using surveys is collected from sponsors and organizers, and participants in the competition. The data is analysed using frequency tables, descriptive statistics, F-tests for equality of variances and T-tests for equality of means. The findings suggest that managers attach high importance to brand awareness (cognitive aspect), brand images and attitude (affective aspect) and less importance to brand loyalty (behavioural aspect) to enhance brand equity through sponsoring academic competitions. However, participants' responses indicate that the brand awareness aspect is not effectively realized as compared to other brand equity dimensions.

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11

Gaillardetz, Patrice. "Pricing Equity-Indexed Annuities under Stochastic Interest Rates Using Copulas." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2010 (2010): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/726389.

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We develop a consistent evaluation approach for equity-linked insurance products under stochastic interest rates. This pricing approach requires that the premium information of standard insurance products is given exogenously. In order to evaluate equity-linked products, we derive three martingale probability measures that reproduce the information from standard insurance products, interest rates, and equity index. These risk adjusted martingale probability measures are determined using copula theory and evolve with the stochastic interest rate process. A detailed numerical analysis is performed for existing equity-indexed annuities in the North American market.

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12

Juwita, Chairunisa Puspa, and Nana Diana. "The Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio and Return on Equity on Stock Price in Jakarta Islamic Index Companies on Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2015-2019." Management Analysis Journal 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/maj.v9i4.41890.

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The main purpose of this study is to test the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Return on Equity Ratio (ROE) on Stock Price in the Jakarta Islamic Index Companies period 2015-2109. This study used quantitative research by using a purposive sampling method and obtained 12 samples. The data obtained by the annual company financial report of JII companies during 2015-2019. The method used is descriptive statistical analysis through the classical assumption test to analyze data and multiple linear regression. Data testing used SPSS Statistics 22. The result of this study shows DER does not affect the stock price partially and ROE has a significant positive effect on the stock price while simultaneously debt to equity ratio and return on equity affect the stock price.

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13

Hill, R. Carter, and P. A. Cartwright. "The Statistical Properties of the Equity Estimator." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 12, no. 2 (April 1994): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1391476.

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14

Klusik, Przemysław, and Zbigniew Palmowski. "Quantile hedging for equity-linked contracts." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 48, no. 2 (March 2011): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2010.12.002.

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15

Fernholz, Robert, Ioannis Karatzas, and Constantinos Kardaras. "Diversity and relative arbitrage in equity markets." Finance and Stochastics 9, no. 1 (January 2005): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00780-004-0129-4.

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16

Štěpánek, Jan. "Return on equity of furniture industry." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 4 (2013): 1161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361041161.

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Economic efficiency of the furniture production is closely associated with high input costs. Despite the fact that the material makes up 80% of total costs, there were 7,908 active furniture manufacturing companies in 2011 in the Czech Republic and they generated sales of nearly 30,812,199 thousand with an added value of CZK 9,592,032 thousands CZK and employed nearly 22,000 people. The aim of this paper is to assess the development of economic efficiency ratio indicator using return on equity (ROE hereinafter). The evaluation method was developed using statistical methods. The sample included 107 enterprises with more than 50 employees. For each company of the sample the ROE ratio was calculated and descriptive statistics and correlation analysis followed. Average ROE was 3.54% and the median was 3.3% in 2011. ROE of the sample in 2011 decreased compared to the base year 2007, which was the peak of the economic boom, the arithmetic average decreased by 74.68% and a median decrease was 63.7%. The linear trend of the sample and of the entire manufacturing industry had almost identical falling course of ROE development unlike the furniture industry in the Czech Republic. When using correlation analysis the tightness was in the arithmetic average of 30.42% and the tightness of the median was 39.00%.

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17

Gray, M. "Pay equity: The role and limitations of statistical analysis." Canadian Journal of Statistics 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3315776.

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18

Lee, Hangsuck, and Bangwon Ko. "Valuing equity-indexed annuities with icicled barrier options." Journal of the Korean Statistical Society 47, no. 3 (September 2018): 330–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jkss.2018.04.001.

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19

Taflin, Erik. "Equity allocation and portfolio selection in insurance." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 27, no. 1 (August 2000): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6687(99)00062-1.

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20

Adams, Jacob E., and William E. White. "The Equity Consequence of School Finance Reform in Kentucky." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 19, no. 2 (June 1997): 165–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737019002165.

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This study examines the equity consequence of school finance policy changes in Kentucky. It incorporates traditional school finance concerns regarding equity targets, objects, principles, and statistics. It utilizes adjustments for district economies of scale and interdistrict price differences. Findings indicate that Kentucky experienced marked improvements in equity as a result of school finance reform, including a narrower dispersion of pupil revenue and greater fiscal neutrality. Equity improvements resulted from policy changes that effectively addressed disequalizing attributes of the pre-reform state aid formula. Manipulating this formula further could produce additional marginal gains in system equity but at substantial cost.

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21

Monette, Georges. "Is there a role for statisticians in pay equity?" Canadian Journal of Statistics 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3315777.n.

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22

Minafuro Suzane, Macfubara,, Norteh Dumbor, and Gberesuu, Barida Barry. "Monetary Policy and Return on Equity of Quoted Insurance Firms: A Time Series Study from Nigeria." American Finance & Banking Review 2, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/amfbr.v2i1.130.

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The financial system is the transmission channel of monetary policy. This study examines the effect of monetary policy on the performance of insurance firms in Nigeria from 1990 – 2017. The objective is to investigate the existing relationship between monetary policy instruments and the performance indicators of insurance companies. Secondary data were sourced from Stock Exchange factbook, Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. Multiple linear regressions were formulated to examine the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. Return on equity was modeled as a function of treasury bill rate, monetary policy rate, interest rate, growth of money supply and exchange rate. R2, T-Statistics, β Coefficient, F-Statistics and Durbin Watson were used to examine the extent to which the independent variables affect the dependent variables while augmented dickey fuller unit root test, granger causality test, cointgration test and error correction models was used to ascertain the dynamic relationship between monetary policy variables and return on equity of the insurance firms. Findings revealed that, all the explanatory variables have positive effect on return on equity except treasury bill rate. The unit root test found that the variables are stationary at first difference, the cointgration test found the presence of long run relationship while the granger causality test found a uni-directional causality. The study concludes that monetary policy has moderate effect on the return on equity of the insurance firms. We recommend that management of insurance companies should devise measures of managing the negative effects of the monetary policy instruments to enhance the performance of the insurance companies.

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23

Esokomi, Emily, and Dr Mbithi Mutua. "DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AMONG SAVINGS AND CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY KENYA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.583.

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Purpose: The main objective of this study was to investigate determinants of financial performance of Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies in Kakamega County. Methodology: This study used a descriptive survey design. The target population for this study was 44 SACCOs in Kakamega County. The study used census sampling technique. Secondary data was obtained from Audited Annual Reports of the 44 SACCOs in Kakamega County- Kenya. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS). Analysis of the data collected focused on both the descriptive statistics (trends) and inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation Coefficients and multiple regression coefficients. The analyzed data was presented in frequency tables and graphs. Regression analysis was used to establish the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Results: The study findings revealed that liquidity and return on equity were positively and significantly related, results further indicate that capital structure and return on equity were positively and significantly related. It was further established that assets quality was negatively and significantly related to return on equity. Similarly, results showed that income diversification was positively and significantly related to return on equity Policy recommendation: The study recommends that all SACCO’s managers should be trained on the deployment of efficient systems to strengthen liquidity risk control fundamentals, that SACCOs should capitalize on efficient mobilization of members’ savings and borrow less, unless they get cheap sources of external funds such as soft loans, that the Saccos should improve their investment assets levels and improve assets quality by reducing the rate of nonperforming loans through credit risk identification.

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24

C. R., Sathyamoorthi, Mogotsinyana Mapharing, Mphoeng Mphoeng, and Mashoko Dzimiri. "Impact of Financial Risk Management Practices on Financial Performance: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Botswana." Applied Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v6i1.4650.

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The study examined the impact of financial risk management practices on the financial performance of commercial banks in Botswana. The study used Return on Asset and Return on Equity to measure financial performance. Inflation, Interest rates, total debt to total assets, total debt to total equity, total equity to total assets and loan deposit ratios were used as proxies for financial risk management. The research population was all the 10 commercial banks in Botswana and the study covered a period of 8 years from 2011 to 2018. This descriptive study sourced monthly secondary data from Bank of Botswana Financial Statistics database. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyses were applied to analyze the data. The results from regression analysis showed that interest rates had a negative and significant impact on return on assets and on return on equity. On the other hand, total debt to total assets showed a negative and insignificant effect on return on assets. However, total debt to total assets, revealed a positive and insignificant effect on return on equity. The loan deposit ratio indicated a negative and significant impact on return on assets and on return on equity. Findings suggest that banks should strike a proper balance between financial risk management practices and financial performance by engaging in appropriate market, credit, and liquidity risk management practices that will ensure safety for their banks and yield positive profits.

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25

Lee, Hangsuck. "Pricing equity-indexed annuities with path-dependent options." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 33, no. 3 (December 2003): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2003.09.006.

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26

Moore, Kristen S. "Optimal surrender strategies for equity-indexed annuity investors." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 44, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2008.08.006.

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27

Hainaut, Donatien. "Impact of volatility clustering on equity indexed annuities." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 71 (November 2016): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2016.10.009.

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28

Krishnamurthi, Lakshman, and Arvind Rangaswamy. "The Statistical Properties of the Equity Estimator: A Reply." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 12, no. 2 (April 1994): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1391477.

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29

Spiring, Fred A. "Is There a Role for Statisticians in Pay Equity?: Discussion." Canadian Journal of Statistics / La Revue Canadienne de Statistique 25, no. 3 (September 1997): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3315779.

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30

Kim, Chang-Jin, James C. Morley, and Charles R. Nelson. "The Structural Break in the Equity Premium." Journal of Business & Economic Statistics 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/073500104000000352.

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31

Chan, Leunglung, and Eckhard Platen. "Pricing of long dated equity-linked life insurance contracts." Stochastic Analysis and Applications 34, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07362994.2015.1136563.

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32

Qian, Linyi, Wei Wang, Ning Wang, and Shuai Wang. "Pricing and hedging equity-indexed annuities via local risk-minimization." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 48, no. 6 (February 14, 2018): 1417–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2018.1433848.

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33

González-Pla, Francisco, and Lidija Lovreta. "Persistence in firm’s asset and equity volatility." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 535 (December 2019): 122265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.122265.

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34

Linos, Katerina. "Introduction to Symposium on Nienke Grossman, “Achieving Sex-Representative International Court Benches”." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002853.

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In “Achieving Sex-Representative International Court Benches,” Nienke Grossman begins with embarrassing statistics. Despite decades of progress on gender equality, women are still quite scarce on international benches. Grossman reframes the debate on gender equity in a powerful way. Most promisingly, she suggests that greater meritocracy and greater gender equity go hand in hand. As she argues, “international judgeships are often used to reward political loyalty” and “political horse-trading among states” abounds. For these reasons, reforms to broaden the pool of candidates and to increase the transparency of the selection process would also result in the appointment of more women, in all likelihood. In addition, Grossman puts forth a provocative legal claim—she argues that “states are legally required to take steps to understand and remedy the paucity of women judges on most international court benches.”

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35

Madan, Dilip B. "Nonlinear equity valuation using conic finance and its regulatory implications." Mathematics and Financial Economics 13, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 31–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11579-018-0219-2.

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36

Janice, Janice, and Nagian Toni. "The Effect of Net Profit Margin, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Return on Equity against Company Value in Food and Beverage Manufacturing Sub-sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 494–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i1.799.

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This research deals with the effect of net profit margin, debt to equity ratio, and return on equity against company value in food and beverage manufacturing sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia stock exchange. The variables in this study are described using descriptive statistics. The result shows that Partially, Net Profit Margin has no effect on the company value in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Partially, Debt to Equity has no effect on the company value in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Partially, Return on Equity affects the company value in food and beverage companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018.

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37

Charles, Fortune Bella, and Charles Ugochukwu Okoro. "Macroeconomic Variables and Private Investment: A Two Dimensional Study from Nigeria Economy." American International Journal of Business and Management Studies 1, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijbms.v1i1.36.

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The study investigated the impact of macroeconomic variables on private investment in Nigeria for the period 1990 to 2016. To achieve these objectives, the study tests for the study modeled private equity and private real investment as the function exchange rate, financial sector development, and interest rate, openness of the economy, real gross domestic product, inflation rate and broad money supply. Ordinary least square method of data analysis was used. From model one, the study found that real gross domestic product have positive but insignificant effect, openness of the economy have positive and insignificant effect, interest rate have positive and significant effect, financial deepening have positive and insignificant effect while interest rate, inflation rate and exchange rate have negative effect on private real investment. The coefficient of determination (R2) proved that the independent variables can explain 62 percent variation on private real investment; the f- statistics found that the model is significant while the Durbin Watson statistics proved the presence of serial autocorrelation. The effect of macroeconomic variables on private equity investment was presented in model two. The study found that openness of the economy; real gross domestic products, broad money supply, and interest rate have negative and insignificant effect on private equity investment except openness of the economy with significant effect. Inflation rate, financial sector deepening and exchange rate have positive and insignificant effect on private equity investment except financial deepening with significant effect. The R2 proved that the independent variables can predict 66.9 percent variation on private equity investment. The f- statistics found that the model is significant while the Durbin Watson statistics proved the presence of serial autocorrelation. We conclude that macroeconomic variable have significant effect on private investment in Nigeria. We recommend that interest rate must be able to encourage higher private investment by increasing the real interstate on private savings or household savings so that larger amount of income would be saved to accumulate more capital and hence private investment. Policies should be formulated by investors and government to discourage factors that affect negatively private investment.

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38

Nickman, Nancy A. "Gender Equity Issues in Clinical Research." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 6, no. 5 (October 1993): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009300600504.

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Past research on the health of women has focused primarily on reproductive concerns such as breast cancer, infertility, contraception, menstrual disorders, and menopause. Today, the notion of women's health research includes such diverse areas as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, osteoporosis, mental health and substance abuse, obesity, and diabetes. In effect, the emphasis on women's health has changed from that of diseases which only affect women to include diseases which also affect women. Although the amount of research on women's health has increased since 1970, gender equity issues in clinical research are still in existence. This article describes why changes are occurring in the national research agenda on women's health. Gender differences in health statistics and examples of problem areas in women's health research are presented. Current changes at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Public Health Service (PHS) and potential changes in the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the pharmaceutical industry are also discussed.

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39

Nonnenmacher, Dirk Jens F., and Jochen Ruß. "Arithmetic averaging equity-linked life insurance policies in Germany." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 25, no. 1 (September 1999): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6687(99)00010-4.

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40

Boudreault, Mathieu, and Christian-Marc Panneton. "Multivariate Models of Equity Returns for Investment Guarantees Valuation." North American Actuarial Journal 13, no. 1 (January 2009): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2009.10597539.

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41

Gerber, Hans U., Elias S. W. Shiu, and Hailiang Yang. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits in jump diffusion models." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 53, no. 3 (November 2013): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2013.08.010.

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42

Feng, Runhuan, and Yasutaka Shimizu. "Applications of central limit theorems for equity-linked insurance." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 69 (July 2016): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2016.05.004.

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43

Prima, Ade, and Linna Ismawati. "PENGARUH PERPUTARAN TOTAL ASET (TATO) DAN TINGKAT PENGEMBALIAN EKUITAS (ROE) TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR TEKSTIL DAN GARMEN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." Jurnal Ilmu Keuangan dan Perbankan (JIKA) 8, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/jika.v8i1.1926.

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This study aims to determine the development of Total Asset Turnover (TATO) and Equity Return Rate (ROE) on Stock Prices and analyze how much influence the Total Asset Turnover (TATO) and Equity Return Rate (ROE) on Stock Prices are partially and simultaneously in the Textile and Garment Sub-sector company for the period 2012-2016. The method used in this research is descriptive verification method with a quantitative approach. The sample used in this study is the financial statements per year 2012-2016, as many as 30 samples. The statistical test used is multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumption test, correlation analysis, determination coefficient, and hypothesis testing using SPSS Statistics 17.0. The results showed that partially the Total Asset Turnover (TATO) had a significant effect on the Stock Price, Equity Return Rate (ROE) had a significant effect on the Share Price and simultaneously Total Asset Turnover (TATO) and Equity Return Rate (ROE) had a significant effect on Stock Prices. Keywords: Total Asset Turnover (TATO), Equity Return Rate (ROE), and Stock Price Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan Perputaran Total Aset (TATO) dan Tingkat Pengembalian Ekuitas (ROE) terhadap Harga Saham serta menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh Perputaran Total Aset (TATO) dan Tingkat Pengembalian Ekuitas (ROE) terhadap Harga Saham baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan pada perusahaan Sub Sektor Tekstil dan Garment periode 2012-2016. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif verifikatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu laporan keuangan per tahun 2012-2016, sebanyak 30 sampel. Pengujian statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda, uji asumsi klasik, analisis korelasi, koefisien determinasi, serta pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan SPSS Statistics 17.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial Perputaran Total Aset (TATO) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham, Tingkat Pengembalian Ekuitas (ROE) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham dan secara simultan Perputaran Total Aset (TATO) dan Tingkat Pengembalian Ekuitas (ROE) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham. Kata Kunci: Perputaran Total Aset, Tingkat Pengembalian Ekuitas, Harga Saham .

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Brazelton, Julia K., Caroline D. Strobel, and David Ryan. "Equity: The Effects Of Tax Reform On Progressivity Features Of The Tax Structure." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 7, no. 4 (October 18, 2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v7i4.6198.

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The impact of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA86) on equity is examined using a simulation program and statistical analysis. Specifically, a sample of tax returns was manipulated to calculate taxable income for 1987 and 1988. The results were then compared to determine the degree to which effective and average tax rates changed within discrete income levels. Using both t-test and z statistics, the results confirm the hypothesis that the degree of progressivity has been affected by TRA86. A graphic analysis illustrates this change at various income levels for both the average and effective tax rates. These findings are significant for tax policy decision purposes.

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Khilji, Yawar Miraj, Shehzad Khan, and Muhammad Faizan Malik. "The Effect of Chief Executive Officer Dominance and Shareholder Rights on Cost of Equity Capital in Pakistan." Global Management Sciences Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2020(v-iii).09.

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This Research explores the effect of Chief executive Dominance and Shareholder rights on Cost of equity of listed companies in an emerging equity market, Pakistan. The research is for the period of 2012 to 2018 for which firm level data of top 100 non-financial listed firms from Pakistan Stock Exchange has been examined by using descriptive statistics, a correlation -matrix, Pooled OLS and Fixed Effect Model approach. The impact of controlled variables which includes firm size, Financial Leverage, and Book to market ratio influence on the firms cost of equity has also been investigated. Research results indicate that when Chief executive officers align their interest with that of shareholders, the risk of agency problem is mitigated thus leading to lower cost of equity.

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Gadidov, Anda, and M. C. Spruill. "Drift and the Risk-Free Rate." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2011 (2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/595741.

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It is proven, under a set of assumptions differing from the usual ones in the unboundedness of the time interval, that, in an economy in equilibrium consisting of a risk-free cash account and an equity whose price process is a geometric Brownian motion on , the drift rate must be close to the risk-free rate; if the drift rate and the risk-free rate are constants, then and the price process is the same under both empirical and risk neutral measures. Contributing in some degree perhaps to interest in this mathematical curiosity is the fact, based on empirical data taken at various times over an assortment of equities and relatively short durations, that no tests of the hypothesis of equality are rejected.

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KUSUMAYANTI, NI LUH ARDILA, I. KOMANG GDE SUKARSA, TJOKORDA BAGUS OKA, and I. PUTU EKA N. KENCANA. "KAJIAN TERHADAP TINGKAT PEMERATAAN PENDIDIKAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS BIPLOT KLASIK DAN BIPLOT KEKAR." E-Jurnal Matematika 4, no. 2 (May 30, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mtk.2015.v04.i02.p086.

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The aim of this research is to find the better from classical and robust biplot in determine dominant indicators of educational equity in Bali, NTB and NTT Provinces. This research based on secondary data obtain from Central Bureau of Statistics for year 2012/2013. Educational equity was portraited by Classical and Robust Biplot. The results of this research showed Robust Biplot is better method which goodness of fit is 90,64% meanwhile Classical Biplot as much as 83,62%. The Robust Biplot showed Students- Junior or Islamic Middle School Ratio and Students-Senior or Islamic High School were dominant indicators to educational equity in Bali, NTB and NTT Provinces.

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Taylor, Lori L. "Comparable Wages, Inflation, and School Finance Equity." Education Finance and Policy 1, no. 3 (July 2006): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2006.1.3.349.

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A ComparableWage Index (CWI) is an attractive mechanism for measuring geographic variations in the cost of education. A CWImeasures uncontrollable variations in educator pay by observing systematic variations in the earnings of comparable workers who are not educators. Together, the 2000 census and the Occupational Employment Statistics survey support the construction of just such an index. The resulting panel of index values measures wage levels in all parts of the United States from 1997 through 2004 and reveals substantial variation in purchasing power both across school districts and across time. Such inequalities undermine the equity and adequacy goals of school finance formulas. If states were successfully directing additional resources to school districts in high-cost environments, then measured inequality within states should fall when differences in purchasing power are taken into account. Instead, cost adjustment widens the spending gap in all but a handful of states.

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Jarvis, Jocelyn W., Ryan E. Rhodes, Sameer Deshpande, Tanya R. Berry, Tala Chulak-Bozzer, Guy Faulkner, John C. Spence, Mark S. Tremblay, and Amy E. Latimer-Cheung. "Investigating the Role of Brand Equity in Predicting the Relationship Between Message Exposure and Parental Support for Their Child’s Physical Activity." Social Marketing Quarterly 20, no. 2 (March 18, 2014): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500414528183.

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Social marketing researchers have identified brand equity as a potential mediator of the relationship between campaign message exposure and resulting behavior. This study examined whether message exposure and components of brand equity contribute to overall brand equity changes over the course of a 12-month campaign evaluation. In addition, we examine whether brand equity consistently accounts for covariance (i.e., mediation) in the relationship between message exposure and parental support (PS). Data were drawn from ParticipACTION’s “Think Again” campaign evaluations that targeted parents, specifically moms, with children between the ages of 5 and 11 years (three independent samples: March 2011, N = 702 [T1]; September 2011, N = 706 [T2]; March 2012, N = 670 [T3]). Univariate analyses of variance were used to examine changes in message exposure and components of brand equity over time, while structural equation modeling was used to examine the brand equity model relationship. Findings revealed that message exposure was greatest at T3 ( ps < .01) and that brand equity was greatest at T2 ( ps < .05). Model fit statistics revealed modest to good fit. Results demonstrated that Think Again message exposure was related to brand equity (standardized effects .10–.28) and that brand equity was related to PS (standardized effects .30–.40; ( ps < .01). Importantly, an indirect effect of message exposure on PS through brand equity (standardized effects .03–.09) emerged in all models ( ps < .05). This study demonstrates the utility of branding social marketing campaigns to increase campaign effectiveness.

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Gaillardetz, Patrice, and Mehran Moghtadai. "Partial Hedging for Equity-Linked Products Using Risk-Minimizing Strategies." North American Actuarial Journal 21, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 580–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2017.1318707.

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