Journal articles on the topic 'Equitable space'
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1
Rutkowski, A. M. "Equitable access and the 1985 space WARC." Space Policy 2, no. 2 (May 1986): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-9646(86)90085-8.
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Hayward, Tim. "Human Rights Versus Emissions Rights: Climate Justice and the Equitable Distribution of Ecological Space." Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 4 (2007): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00117.x.
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There is agreement internationally that responsibility for reducing emissions should be equitably shared, but debate about the principles for determining equitable shares frequently focuses on the distribution of emissions rights. This shift of focus from responsibilities to rights is not necessarily conducive to reducing emissions. There is reason for caution, particularly, regarding suggestions that emissions rights should be assimilated to human rights. Concerns about the situation of the worst off globally have led to calls for recognition of a human right to some baseline amount of emissions per capita in order to secure subsistence. However, given the reasons to support a human right to an adequate environment, it would be a mistake to recognize any human right to pollute. What the worst off have a right to is secure access to the means to a decent life. Arguing that issues of both emissions and subsistence should be comprehended within a single framework of justice, the proposal here is that this broader framework be developed by reference to the idea of “ecological space.” An equitable distribution of rights to ecological space would in principle ensure an equitable distribution of welfare goods without sanctioning any excess use of natural resources or environmental services, including the planet's capacity for absorbing carbon.
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Kravets, Volodymyr, Oksana Kikinezhdi, and Iryna Shulha. "To the problem of humanization of educational space of modern ukrainian school." Osvitolohiya, no. 7 (2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2226-3012.2018.7.1521.
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The article deals with the actualityof the problem of humanization of the educational space in the modern Ukrainian school through the forming a gender-equitable environment in the educational institution. The foreign experience, which concern to the research problem (concepts «gender equitable learning environment», «gender-balanced education», «gender equality in education», «gender-equitable education», «gender-fair education», «non-sexist education», «іnclusive education») is analysed. The peculiarities of forming a gender-equitable environment in an educational institution, which is based on personality oriented, competence and gender approaches are revealed.Activity of gender-equitable environment ensures the formation of gender culture and egalitarian outlook of children and youth (gender competence, sensitivity, tolerance) as important factors of personal and professional self-actualization of sexes, democratic outlook and the civic life-realization of girls and boys in the realm of national existence. The content of the gender approach and peculiarities of its introduction into the educational institution are uncovered. Our own interpretation of the concept «gender-equitable environment» as non-discriminatory, health-preservation, creative and developmental is formulated. It is based on the principles of social justice, gender equality, child-centred, egalitarianism and parity of the sexes; in which the full development of the personality is ensured, taking into account a gender, age, disability, race, culture, religion, ethnicity, etc. The structure of gender-equitable environment incluseds three components (subject-space, psychodidactic, social). The formation of a gender- equitable environment is based on the principles of «partnership pedagogy» and a gender «matrix» of humanistic pedagogical heritage, the integration of competence, personal oriented and gender approaches. The psychological and pedagogical mechanisms of formation of a gender-equitable environment for children and youth are substantiated.
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Hyun, Jong Yoon. "A Bound on Equitable Partitions of the Hamming Space." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 56, no. 5 (May 2010): 2109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2043773.
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Timperio, A., K. Ball, J. Salmon, R. Roberts, and D. Crawford. "Is availability of public open space equitable across areas?" Health & Place 13, no. 2 (June 2007): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.02.003.
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Hyun, Jong Yoon. "Local duality for equitable partitions of a Hamming space." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 119, no. 2 (February 2012): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2011.10.006.
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Maulana, Satwiko Aryesti, Maria Immaculata Ririk Winandari, and Julindiani Iskandar. "Implementation of Equitable Use and Flexibility of Use in the Design of Public Housings in Jakarta, Indonesia." Journal of Architectural Design and Urbanism 5, no. 1 (December 5, 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jadu.v5i1.15618.
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Population growth happens quickly in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta. With reduced land due to infrastructure development, population growth does not go parallel with the need for housing, which should be a basic need for every human being. This makes the construction of residential houses arranged vertically called public housing. It can reduce land use and create urban open spaces. Public housing should be based on an inclusive design approach that considers human diversity. The design of public housing in Indonesia has not met the needs of all humans, especially in the aspect of all ages and disabilities. The design of the building is still not based on the togetherness of user activities. In the design, it is expected that the use is carried out fairly, which is fair for users and flexibility in space. Aspects of equitable use by pedestrian access and facilities, along with space flexibility based on expandability, convertibility, and versatility. The method used is a qualitative method with the exploration of three cases of public housings. The variables used are inclusive design aspects related to equitable use and flexibility in use. The results reveal that public housing is recommended according to equitable use aspects, inclusive design factors with pedestrian access that is easy to understand and accessible to elderly users and wheelchairs, and affordable facilities. Spaces can be built in the long term with space flexibility, such as multifunctional communal spaces, expansion of spaces near public spaces for unexpected uses, as well as shared use for all users.
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van Ewijk, Stijn, Shitiz Chaudhary, and Peter Berrill. "Estimating passenger emissions from airfares supports equitable climate action." Environmental Research Letters 18, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 024013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaa48.
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Abstract Air travel generates a substantial and growing share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Reduction efforts partly rely on estimates of emissions per passenger, which may be used for carbon budgets, offsets, or taxes. Aircraft emissions are typically allocated to individual passengers through space-based allocation dependent on seating arrangements by travel class. However, the operation of aircraft depends on profitability, which benefits from high fares from late bookings, often by business and high-income travellers. Fare-based allocation recognises the economic drivers of airline emissions by allocating the aircraft emissions proportionally to the paid airfares. In this article, we compare space-based passenger emissions, which differ only by class, with fare-based passenger emissions, which depend on the fare paid by the individual traveller. We extract space-based allocation factors from widely used emission calculators and derive fare-based allocation factors from airfares for domestic travel in the US. We find that the space-based allocation factors reflect the difference in average expenditure by travel class but not the difference in expenditure between travellers. With fare-based accounting, the most expensive economy trips have similar emissions to space-based premium trips, while less expensive premium trips have similar emissions to space-based economy trips. We find that a tax on fare-based instead of space-based emissions leads to a more evenly distributed impact on low-fare and high-fare travellers whilst achieving the same reduction in airline revenues. We conclude that fare-based emissions accounting better reflects the drivers of airline emissions and supports more equitable climate action.
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Saunders, Melanie K. "Mining on Celestial Bodies: The Equitable Distribution of Benefits Doctrine and Distributive Justice." Australian Year Book of International Law 36, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 195–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660229_03601010.
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Abstract The United States and Luxembourg have recently legislated to permit the acquisition of private property rights over celestial resources mined by private actors. Considering these developments, this note will consider an element of the Common Heritage of Mankind under international space law: the equitable sharing of benefits doctrine. It proposes a formulation of the doctrine that entails material and equitable distribution of economic benefits derived from space mining among all States, ensuring that space is utilised in a manner delivering a tangible collective benefit. It suggests that this doctrine presently lacks the preconditions to amount to an international legal principle erga omnes, and therefore considers how it may develop into a binding juridical standard through analysing an existing model of equitable sharing in an analogous context: the deep seabed. Accordingly, this note conceptualises an international legal framework that delivers an effective mechanism for the redistribution of wealth obtained from mining celestial resources, and that will enhance the compliance of States and private actors with principles of equitable sharing.
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Lloveras, Javier, Lee Quinn, and Cathy Parker. "Reclaiming sustainable space." Marketing Theory 18, no. 2 (September 20, 2017): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593117732458.
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While degrowth debates typically encompass abstract ecological and economic arguments against growth, our study considers how degrowth-minded activism becomes interwoven with the production and consumption of space and place. Drawing illustrative insights from an ethnographic study in the city of Seville, our findings reveal a configuration of practices ( accessibility, self-organisation, reproduction and conviviality) through which degrowth-minded activism infuses urban life with noncapitalist processes and logics. Consequently, our work contributes to a paucity of studies theorising the production/consumption of space in relation to broader processes of capitalist development. In doing so, we also promote a more humane consideration of the spatial dimensions through which more equitable ways of living are constituted.
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Villanueva Alarcón, Idalis, Robert Jamaal Downey, Louis Nadelson, Yoon Ha Choi, Jana Bouwma-Gearhart, and Chaz Tanoue. "Understanding Equity of Access in Engineering Education Making Spaces." Social Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100384.
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The goal of our exploratory study was to examine how management and staff in engineering education making spaces are enacting equitable access amongst their users (e.g., students). We examined six different making space types categorized by Wilczynsky’s and Hoover’s classification of academic makerspaces, which considered scope, accessibility, users, footprint (size), and management and staffing. We reviewed research memos and transcripts of interviews of university makerspace staff, student staff, and leaders/administrators during two separate visits to these places that took place between 2017 and 2019. We inductively and deductively coded the data, and the findings suggested that equity of access was situational and contextual. From the results, we identified four additional considerations needed to ensure equitable access for engineering education making spaces: (a) spaces designed and operated for multiple points of student entry; (b) spaces operated to facilitate effective student making processes and pathways; (c) threats to expanded access: burdens and consequences; and (d) elevating student membership and equity through a culture of belonging. Together, the findings point toward a need for developing a more nuanced understanding of the concept of access that far supersedes a flattened definition of access to just space, equipment, and cost.
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Noel, Vernelle AA, Yana Boeva, and Hayri Dortdivanlioglu. "The question of access: Toward an equitable future of computational design." International Journal of Architectural Computing 19, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 496–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14780771211025311.
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Digital fabrication and its cultivated spaces promise to break disciplinary boundaries and enable access to its technologies and computation for the broader public. This paper examines the trope of “access” in digital fabrication, design, and craft, and illustrates how it unfolds in these spaces and practices. An equitable future is one that builds on and creates space for multiple bodies, knowledges, and skills; allows perceptual interaction and corporeal engagement with people, materials, and tools; and employs technologies accessible to broad groups of society. By conducting comparative and transnational ethnographic studies at digital fabrication and crafting sites, and performing craft-centered computational design studies, we offer a critical description of what access looks like in an equitable future that includes digital fabrication. The study highlights the need to examine universal conceptions and study how they are operationalized in broader narratives and design pedagogy traditions.
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Cash, Tiara A., Nika Gueci, and Teri Pipe. "Equitable Mindfulness: A Framework for Transformative Conversations in Higher Education." Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/bhac.v5i1.7770.
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Background: Mindfulness, the practice of present moment experience, can be employed as a tool for grounding in difficult conversations and creating pathways for transformative change in communities.Aim: As educators continue to teach the practices of mindfulness in primary, secondary, and post-secondary institutions to promote personal and academic wellbeing, it is important to recognize the inherent power of mindfulness practice to stimulate actions against oppressive systems, instead of continuing to support them by using curriculum focused on desensitizing individuals to that system. The outlined framework aims to create a platform for the promotion of sustained action.Methods: This article will outline the framework and model of Equitable Mindfulness used within curricula to create containers, hold space, and begin difficult conversations about creating and sustaining diverse and inclusive spaces and strategies.Results: Rooted in the foundations of mindfulness, the Equitable Mindfulness framework was created to promote personal and societal introspection while bridging gaps between communities and breaking down barriers against inclusive practices.Conclusions: Researchers are continuing to collect mixed-methods data on how Equitable Mindfulness is perceived, it’s validity in the field, and its relationship to mediating difficult topics.
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Martines, Elia Beatriz. "Venezuelan Strategy for Agreeing on ALBA in Facing Trade Expansion United States of Latin America." International Journal of Science and Society 2, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v2i2.86.
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In 2004 Venezuela and Cuba have agreed on a regional collaboration in Latin America called Alternative Bolivarian Las Americas and abbreviated ALBA. This collaboration is formed as a resistance facing U.S. trade expansion to bring a mission neoliberalism. With the formation of ALBA, Venezuela is the regional co-operation leaders making strategic measures to face Neoliberalism. In 2010 ALBA has had a total of 10 member countries. As a counter hegemony, ALBA also worked in three spaces. In the space of ideas, countries members need complementary principles of solidarity and cooperation to achieve prosperity and equitable regional development. At the institutional space, the idea is then integrated into ALBA.
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Bührs, Ton. "Environmental Space as a Basis for Legitimating Global Governance of Environmental Limits." Global Environmental Politics 9, no. 4 (November 2009): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2009.9.4.111.
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The notion of environmental space, based on the principles of environmental limits and sharing environmental resources equitably, offers a starting point for a positive approach to the global “return of scarcity” challenge, notably by providing a basis legitimating and strengthening the global governance of environmental and resource limits. First, it provides a cognitive framework for determining limits and for dealing with these more comprehensively and effectively, at all levels of government. Second, the environmental space approach supports, notably at the global level, a more equitable distribution of access to, and/or the benefits from, increasingly scarce resources. Third, it can be used as a basis for designing and introducing institutions and processes that enhance democracy and community control over the use of resources. Although the adoption of the environmental space approach at the national, international and global levels faces formidable obstacles, more people stand to gain from it, materially, socially, and politically, than from the nationally based “environmental security” approach. The basis of support and agency for the environmental space approach is most likely to be strengthened by the development of institutional designs that enhance economic democracy, giving all people a material and political stake in the management of resources.
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Makakavhule, Kundani. "What can a Game of Football in a Public Open Space tell Us about Our Socio-Economic and Political Condition? A Case of the City of Tshwane, South Africa." Built Environment 48, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.48.2.155.
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This article focuses on sport and recreational activities, particularly football, in public open spaces in the City of Tshwane, South Africa. Using conflict theory, the article explores the different ways in which sport and recreation represent individual and collective conflicts regarding the appropriation, perceptions, and experiences of urban public open spaces. Phenomenological qualitative research design was used to explore two case studies (parks) in the City of Tshwane. The research findings suggest that the conflicts due to sport and recreational activities in urban public open space can be conceptualized as reflections of struggles for equitable state resources, subtle resistance and structural power dynamics. In addition, the article finds that sport and recreation in public open space are representations of memory, cultural identity, transforming values and transforming spaces – all associated with the country's history.
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Kriebaum, Ursula. "FET and Expropriation in the (Invisible) EU Model BIT." Journal of World Investment & Trade 15, no. 3-4 (July 28, 2014): 454–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-01504006.
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Although it was undisputed in the institutions of the European Union (eu) that future eu investment protection treaties should provide for clauses on expropriation and fair and equitable treatment their exact content is under discussion. Before this background, this article first addresses the expropriation standard keeping in mind that the eu Commission announced that it intends to reaffirm the State’s right to regulate in future eu investment treaties. Subsequently, it provides an overview of the traditional approaches to fair and equitable treatment (fet) and focusses on the antagonism between a requirement of legal stability and the need to allow for regulatory space. Furthermore, it analyses the new definition of the fair and equitable treatment standard in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (ceta) which for the first time aims at defining the contents of fet.
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Morley, Ian. "Recovering the Urban Past for Equitable Present and Future Social Recovery." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 5 n. 3 (November 30, 2020): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i3.1283.
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A multitude of determinants influence the urban planning process. Yet, in the contemporary context of an ongoing pandemic causing infirmity and death in more than 1,500 cities, how can examples of urban planning from history, namely ones that sought to boost public health, (re)shape the current urban planning paradigm? Is there a need in the light of the global impact of Covid-19 to re-evaluate the value of past planning models and so, in accordance, rethink present-day urban density management and public space creation? In consequence, this paper puts forward an overview of how city planning and public health have historically interlinked, albeit with reference to 19th century Britain and the establishment of public parks. Used communally by assorted social groups such green spaces were considered to be crucial for physical and mental health. Crucially too, these open areas are still a fundamental element of the 21st century British cityscape and, arguably, as part of the present and future social recovery from Covid-19, will play a vital role in public life and well-being.
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Koohsari, Mohammad. "ACCESS TO PUBLIC OPEN SPACE: IS DISTRIBUTION EQUITABLE ACROSS DIFFERENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC AREAS." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2011.v5n2.067072.
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Tang, Bo-sin. "Is the distribution of public open space in Hong Kong equitable, why not?" Landscape and Urban Planning 161 (May 2017): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.01.004.
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Wendel, Heather E. Wright, Joni A. Downs, and James R. Mihelcic. "Assessing Equitable Access to Urban Green Space: The Role of Engineered Water Infrastructure." Environmental Science & Technology 45, no. 16 (August 15, 2011): 6728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es103949f.
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Khanyile, Samkelisiwe, and Christina Culwick Fatti. "Interrogating park access and equity in Johannesburg, South Africa." Environment and Urbanization 34, no. 1 (April 2022): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09562478221083891.
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Equitable access to green spaces is essential in cities, especially those with complex socio-economic challenges. This study considers how socio-economic characteristics influence traditional park access measures, using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) to analyse park access equity in Johannesburg. The use of a spatially sensitive statistical approach enables a more nuanced analysis of equity than previous studies have permitted in Johannesburg, thus empowering better park access planning. The method considers the number of parks and distance to the nearest park as important access measures. The study shows a complex relationship between different interpretations of park access relative to various socio-economic considerations, such as population density, unemployment rates and education levels, and that inequity in access to park space according to these measures varies across the city. The findings offer an opportunity for an improved understanding of local environmental justice and could potentially inform more equitable park planning and management policies in cities.
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Khanyile, Samkelisiwe, and Christina Culwick Fatti. "Interrogating park access and equity in Johannesburg, South Africa." Environment and Urbanization 34, no. 1 (April 2022): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09562478221083891.
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Equitable access to green spaces is essential in cities, especially those with complex socio-economic challenges. This study considers how socio-economic characteristics influence traditional park access measures, using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) to analyse park access equity in Johannesburg. The use of a spatially sensitive statistical approach enables a more nuanced analysis of equity than previous studies have permitted in Johannesburg, thus empowering better park access planning. The method considers the number of parks and distance to the nearest park as important access measures. The study shows a complex relationship between different interpretations of park access relative to various socio-economic considerations, such as population density, unemployment rates and education levels, and that inequity in access to park space according to these measures varies across the city. The findings offer an opportunity for an improved understanding of local environmental justice and could potentially inform more equitable park planning and management policies in cities.
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Tabatabaei, Mousa, and Cedric Marsh. "Strengthening Space Trusses by Diagonal Removal." International Journal of Space Structures 8, no. 4 (December 1993): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119300800401.
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Ideally a space truss is composed of bars each of which is suited to the load it carries. In practice, however, it is more convenient to use a limited number of bar sizes, thus only a few of the members will be fully stressed when the maximum load capacity of the space truss is reached. In order to effect a more equitable distribution of forces between chords of equal size such that more chord members are loaded close to their capacity, selected diagonals are removed to control the path followed by the shear forces, and thereby control the forces entering the chords. In this paper the effect of diagonal removal on space trusses is demonstrated and a method for selection of the diagonals whose removal gives optimum increase in the load carrying capacity of a space truss is described.
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Silva, Thaynara Oliveira da, Pedro Paulo Souza Rios, and Edonilce da Rocha Barros. "Transsubjectivities in the School Space of the Semiarid Region." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 10 (2022): 208——217. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.910.25.
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The reflection around dissident bodies has gained visibility in recent decades, questioning the access and permanence of these bodies is essential to guarantee the construction of a more just, inclusive, equitable society. However, it is necessary to show that these bodies have always been among us, even if silenced, so the present article aims to reflect the transsubjectivities in the school space from the (auto)biographical narratives of two former transsexual students of schools State High Schools in Senhor do Bonfim – Bahia. Based on queer and post-critical studies and (auto)biographical narratives as an epistemological basis, supporting the understanding of subjectivities, sexualities, gender identities, transgressions, curriculum and differences.
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Wang, Zihe, Gege Yan, and Siyuan Wang. "Fairness Evaluation of Landscape Justice in Urban Park Green Space: A Case Study of the Daxing Part of Yizhuang New Town, Beijing." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010370.
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Equitable distribution of urban park green space benefits public health and improves quality of life. From the perspective of landscape justice, this study establishes a subjective and objective comprehensive fairness evaluation method and analyzes the fairness of the spatial distribution of park green space in the Daxing part of Yizhuang New Town, Beijing and its relationship with the economic level of residents. The results show that: (1) the green space in the Daxing part of Yizhuang New Town is concentrated in the town center and distributed more sparsely in surrounding areas; (2) urban park green space is not equitable in quantity, area, disaster prevention and avoidance, or accessibility; (3) high-grade apartment complexes have higher quality of services than low-grade apartment complexes, and the number of parks, per capita park area, disaster prevention and avoidance, and park accessibility are all higher for high-grade than for low-grade apartment complexes. Medium-grade apartment complexes have a high level of green space services, and the number of parks, total area, and accessibility are 1.06, 2.58, and 1.13 times higher than those of high-grade apartment complexes, respectively. Conversely, disaster prevention and avoidance and park area per capita of medium-grade apartment complexes are lower than in high-grade apartment complexes, at 0.81 and 0.12 times, respectively. This study provides a new perspective for exploring society and landscape equity and concludes with suggestions for improving park green space public services.
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Haverly, Christa, Angela Calabrese Barton, Christina V. Schwarz, and Melissa Braaten. "“Making Space”: How Novice Teachers Create Opportunities for Equitable Sense-Making in Elementary Science." Journal of Teacher Education 71, no. 1 (September 12, 2018): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022487118800706.
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Scholarly calls to reform science education for all students emphasize scientific sense-making. Despite the importance of sense-making, few strategies exist to help novice teachers learn to notice and respond equitably to students’ scientific sense-making in elementary science. In this article, we report on a qualitative case study in which we investigated sense-making moments that occurred when novice teachers facilitated classroom discussions. Findings suggest that when novice teachers made space in class discussions for sense-making—for example, by trying different responses to clarify student ideas or waiting before responding to figure out next steps—this expanded opportunities for shared epistemic authority; however, novices did not often recognize these moments as productive for sense-making. Findings also suggest that novice teachers may benefit from support to help them develop their abilities to notice, interpret, and respond equitably to students’ scientific sense-making in class discussions.
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Dong, J., Y. Yang, M. Luo, Q. Cheng, X. Zhang, and Y. Wang. "SPATIAL EQUITY OF CITY PUBLIC OPEN SPACES BASED ON G2SFCA: A CASE STUDY OF WUHAN, CHINA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2022 (June 2, 2022): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2022-501-2022.
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Abstract. Urban public open spaces refer to open space between architectural structures in a city or urban agglomeration that is open for urban residents to conduct public exchanges and hold various activities, and their spatial distribution characteristics are important indicators to measure the sustainable development of urban ecological society. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the rationality of urban public open space layout for practical guidance. Address this problem, taking Wuhan as an example, this paper uses high-resolution grid population density data and web map API to construct an evaluation system for the spatial equity of urban public open spaces based on the accessibility index calculated from G2SFCA. The results showed that the layout of public open spaces in Wuhan is not reasonable, and there are significant spatial differences in the accessibility index of different types of public open spaces, as well as a certain degree of imbalance between them and the spatial distribution of population, indicating that there is a "mismatch" and "dislocation" in the supply-demand relationship of public open spaces in Wuhan. These results explain the fairness of public open space layout in Wuhan and provide a scientific basis for a more reasonable and equitable allocation of urban public open spaces in Wuhan.
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Macedo, Joseli, and Mônica A. Haddad. "Equitable distribution of open space: Using spatial analysis to evaluate urban parks in Curitiba, Brazil." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 43, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 1096–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813515603369.
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Mogo, Ebele R. I., Taibat Lawanson, Louise Foley, Clarisse Mapa-Tassou, Felix Assah, Toluwalope Ogunro, Victor Onifade, et al. "A Systematic Review Protocol of Opportunities for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention via Public Space Initiatives in African Cities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042285.
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Public spaces have the potential to produce equitable improvements in population health. This mixed-methods systematic review aims to understand the components of, determinants, risks, and outcomes associated with public space initiatives in African cities. This study will include quantitative and qualitative study designs that describe public space initiatives in African cities with implications for promoting health and wellbeing, particularly through the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Only studies published after 1990 and that contain primary or secondary data will be included in the review. Literature search strategies will be developed with a medical librarian. We will search PubMed, using both text words and medical subject headings. We will adapt this search to Scopus, Global Health, and Web of Science. This systematic review will adopt a mixed methods analytical approach. Mixing will occur in extracting both qualitative and quantitative findings; in synthesizing findings; and in the analysis where we will integrate the qualitative and quantitative strands. The learnings from this study will contribute to advancing knowledge on noncommunicable disease prevention through public space initiatives in African cities.
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Zhang, Yuyang, Qilin Wu, Lei Wu, and Yan Li. "Measuring Community Green Inequity: A Fine-Scale Assessment of Beijing Urban Area." Land 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2021): 1197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10111197.
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Green space exposure is beneficial to the physical and mental health of community residents, but the spatial distribution of green space is inequitable. Due to data availability, green equality or justice studies typically use administrative units as contextual areas to evaluate green spaces exposure, which is macro-scale and may lead to biased estimates as it ignores fine-scale green spaces (e.g., community gardens, lawns), that community residents are more frequently exposed to. In this study, we used the community as the unit of analysis, considered the green exposure of community residents in their daily social and physical activities, obtained data on three types of green spaces including fine-scale green spaces in the communities, surrounding large-scale parks and streetscape images. We propose a series of metrics for assessing community green equity, including a total of 11 metrics in three major categories of morphology, visibility and accessibility and applied them to 4544 communities in Beijing urban area. Through spatial visualization, spatial clustering, radar plots, and correlation analysis, we comprehensively analyzed the equity of green space at the community scale, identified the cold and hot spots of homogeneity, and then analyzed the equity of green space among regions under the urbanization process. The measurement results of these metrics showed that there are large differences and complementarities between different categories of metrics, but similarities exist between metrics of the same category. The proposed methodology represents the development of a green space evaluation system that can be used by decision makers and urban green designers to create and maintain more equitable community green spaces. In addition, the large-scale, comprehensive and fine-scale green space measurement of this study can be combined with other studies such as public health and environmental pollution in the future to obtain more comprehensive conclusions and better guide the construction and regeneration of green spaces.
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Akerele, Fiyinfoluwa Stacy, Adedapo A. Oluwatayo, Kehinde Kolade, and Shalom Pelumi Olusore. "Space Adaptability Strategies and Building Performance in Selected Entertainment Centres in Nigeria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1054, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1054/1/012022.
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Abstract Studies have shown that there is a need to adapt buildings over their lifespan to environmental, economic and social changes. This will help enhance the decision-making process of building design and the development of a more sustainable built environment over a while. Anecdotal evidence suggests that entertainment centres in Nigeria often cease to meet their performance criteria over time as the entertainment needs of users change. The purpose of this study is to identify space adaptability strategies that influence the performance level of selected entertainment centres in Nigeria. Four entertainment centres were selected for this study. Respondents were users of the buildings. A total of 86 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved from the users of these selected entertainment centres. The data were analysed statistically using descriptive, predictive and inferential statistics. The sample size from each of the buildings was determined using census sampling with a total of 86 respondents collectively from the four selected entertainment centres. The findings from the study suggested that only 7 of the 37 identified adaptability strategies had a significant effect on the performance of these entertainment centres. These include space modularity, versatility of spaces, convertibility of spaces, reversible spaces, space scalability, space mobility and adjustability. The results of this study showed that while space modularity has a negative influence on the perception of security, social and cultural performance; versatility of spaces positively influenced that performance dimension. This study, therefore, concluded that, concerning entertainment centres, adaptability may not have influenced the performance in terms of functionality, equitable use, efficiency and psychological pleasure; however, security of such facilities may be enhanced by providing versatile spaces. The study recommended that architects should focus on versatility of spaces in the design of entertainment centres as it has been discovered to positively influence the security, social and cultural performance level of entertainment centres.
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Wei, Yehua. "Towards Equitable and Sustainable Urban Space: Introduction to Special Issue on “Urban Land and Sustainable Development”." Sustainability 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2016): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8080804.
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Villanueva Alarcón, Idalis, Robert Jamaal Downey, Louis Nadelson, Jana Bouwma-Gearhart, and YoonHa Choi. "Light Blue Walls and Tan Flooring: A Culture of Belonging in Engineering Making Spaces (or Not?)." Education Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090559.
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The motivation for this exploratory qualitative study is to understand what a culture of belonging may look like across six engineering education making spaces in institutions of higher education in the U.S. The research question for this study was: In what ways are the management, instructors, and staff operating engineering education making spaces influencing a culture of belonging (if any) for engineering students? We examined the transcripts of semi-structured interviews of 49 faculty members and 29 members of management/staff of making spaces, using thematic coding. From the data, we identified four themes that described the culture of belonging being created in these six engineering making spaces: (a) a ‘closed loop’ culture for inclusion, diversity, equity, and access; (b) a ‘transactional, dichotomous’ culture; (c) a ‘band-aid, masquerading’ culture; (d) a potential ‘boundary-crossing’ culture. Our primary conclusion was that created cultures in engineering making spaces are extensions of normative cultures found in traditional engineering classrooms. Additionally, while making spaces were attempting to change this culture in their physical infrastructures, it was deemed that the space leadership needs to expand hiring strategies, the nature of making activities, the ambient/physical appearance of the space, disciplines, and required expertise, to create a truly inclusive and equitable culture of belonging.
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Christensen, Julie, Niral Shah, Nickolaus Alexander Ortiz, David Stroupe, and Daniel L. Reinholz. "Tracking Inequity: An Actionable Approach to Addressing Inequities in Physics Classrooms." Physics Teacher 60, no. 6 (September 2022): 414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/5.0044392.
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Recent studies reveal people from marginalized groups (e.g., people of color and women) continue to earn physics degrees at alarmingly low rates. This phenomenon is not surprising given reports of the continued perception of physics as a masculine space and the discrimination faced by people of color and women within the field. To realize the vision of an equitable physics education, fully open to and supportive of marginalized groups, teachers need ways of seeing equity as something that is concrete and actionable on an everyday basis. In our work, teachers have found value in intentionally reflecting on their instruction and their students explicitly in terms of race, gender, and other social markers. We find they are then better positioned to build equitable physics classrooms. Without a focus on specific social markers, common obstacles such as color-evasiveness emerge, which obstruct the pursuit of equity in classrooms.
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Sakanko, Musa Abdullahi, and Joseph David. "The Effect of Democratic Zoning System on Nigeria Economy: Evidence of Niger State." ETIKONOMI 17, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/etk.v17i1.6592.
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The introduction of the zoning system into Nigeria political space was to aid the smooth rotation of key political positions across the country. This policy is to achieve fairness, peace and equitable distribution of resource. Its adverse effect on the economy is thus something to worry about. Therefore, the study examines the effect of democratic zoning system on the economy of Nigeria, with special reference to Niger state. Employing descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. The results revealed that the elements of democratic zoning vis-à-vis; peace, equity, unity and justice has a positive and significant effect on the growth of the Nigeria economy. The authors thus recommends the government at both levels should focus on providing simultaneous development projects to pave way for peace and unity, zoning system should be incorporated into the Nigeria constitution, unbiased and equitable distribution of resources across the economy.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v17i1.6592
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Waddell, Candice M., Rachel V. Herron, Jason Gobeil, Frank Tacan, Margaret De Jager, Jonathan A. Allan, and Kerstin Roger. "Grounded in Culture: Reflections on Sitting Outside the Circle in Community-Based Research With Indigenous Men." Qualitative Health Research 30, no. 14 (September 25, 2020): 2343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320960050.
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Research continues to be a dirty word for many Indigenous people. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a means to disrupt power dynamics by engaging community members within the research process. However, the majority of relationships between researcher and participants within CBPR are structured within Western research paradigms and they often reproduce imbalances of power. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the process of CBPR within a research project focused on Indigenous men’s masculinity and mental health. In doing so, we aim to contribute to reflexive practice in CBPR and flatten research hierarchies to facilitate more equitable knowledge sharing. Our reflections highlight the importance of prioritizing healing, centering cultural protocols, negotiating language, and creating space for Indigenous research partners to lead. These critical lessons challenge Western researchers to ground their practices in Indigenous culture while they “sit outside the circle” to facilitate more equitable and engaged partnerships.
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LEE, Jack Tsen-Ta. "We Built This City: Public Participation in Land Use Decisions in Singapore." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 10, no. 2 (December 2015): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2015.15.
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AbstractThis article considers the extent to which the legal framework for making land use decisions in Singapore allows for public participation. It examines the issue from two angles: the creation and preservation of the built environment, and the transient use of public space. The first angle is discussed primarily from a heritage law viewpoint, focusing on planning law, compulsory acquisition law, and the legal regime for creating national monuments. As for the second angle, the article looks at how the use of common spaces for assemblies and processions is regulated. The foregoing are examined in the context of Edward Soja’s assertion in Seeking Spatial Justice (2010) that the equitable distribution of resources, services, and access in cities is an important right.
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Gomes, Cilene. "Espaço, Localização e Lugar na teoria de Milton Santos." Terr Plural 14 (2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.14.2015801.046.
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This essay focuses on the study of the conceptual articulation between space, location, and place, based on the space theory of the renowned Brazilian geographer Milton Santos, and highlights the role attributed to Geography in its disciplinary condition of human science and practical action in contributing to planning. This role is exercised through the construction of a comprehensive view of the present, of the states of social crisis, and delineations of political action and future projects. The prevalence of social interest would be due to epistemological disalienation, state change, and the emerging strength of citizens, contributing to the proposition of a more equitable spatial redistribution of social resources.
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Morozova, Elina. "All-Electric Satellites Seek Equal Rights in Space." Air and Space Law 41, Issue 3 (May 1, 2016): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2016017.
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Lately, satellite operators have been showing growing interest in all-electric satellites, which help slash the total budget of a satellite program and make the use of the radio frequency spectrum more efficient. However, due to certain technological features of electric propulsion sub-systems, it takes more time to move an all-electric satellite to its destination after the launch compared to a conventional chemically propelled satellite. Considering that the terms for putting various types of satellites into operation differ, while regulatory deadlines for bringing frequency assignments into use are the same for all types of satellites, the factor of time becomes a formidable obstacle preventing a wide use of all-electric satellites. At the same time, a rational, equitable, efficient, and economical use of the radio frequency spectrum is one of the tasks of the International Telecommunication Union and its Member States are encouraged to apply the latest technical advances as soon as possible. Will this United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies be able to respond to the current needs of the world space industry and secure all-electric satellites equal rights in outer space?
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Falfán, Ina, and Luis Zambrano. "Lacustrine Urban Blue Spaces: Low Availability and Inequitable Distribution in the Most Populated Cities in Mexico." Land 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010228.
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Lacustrine blue spaces provide benefits to the urbanites and wildlife habitat. Their availability varies depending on the city in which they are established and intra-urban social interactions. We analyzed the presence, distribution, and size of lentic water bodies in Mexico’s 145 most populated cities. We searched for patterns in their distribution concerning demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic data, aiming to understand their socio-ecological interactions in cities. We digitized lacustrine spaces to obtain their number per city, total surface, area of blue space per inhabitant, and surface as a percentage of the city’s total area. We tested for relationships between their number and surface and city population, hydrological regions, and urban marginalization index through linear and generalized linear models. We delimited 1834 lacustrine blue spaces, finding almost two-thirds of them artificial. Their presence and surface in Mexican cities were generally low, except for hydrological regions close to the Gulf of Mexico. Their number and surface decreased as the urban marginalization index increased. The lack of equitable provision of lacustrine space at the national level has implications for urban planning and land management. Blue spaces should maximize their ecosystem services’ provision for the whole society to promote cities’ sustainability and resilience.
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Cui, Qinyu, Yiting Huang, Guang Yang, and Yu Chen. "Measuring Green Exposure Levels in Communities of Different Economic Levels at Different Completion Periods: Through the Lens of Social Equity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159611.
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Exposure to green spaces contributes to residents’ physical and mental health and well-being. The equitable allocation of green space has also become an increasingly important issue for society and the government. This study takes 3281 communities in Shenzhen as the analysis units. Using web crawlers, semantic segmentation based on deep learning, web map path planning and entropy weighting methods, four types of residents’ daily green exposure indicators are calculated, including community green space ratio, green view index (GVI), park accessibility, and the weighted composite green exposure index. The results reveal inequalities in the level of green exposure in Shenzhen’s communities across economic classes, mainly in GVI and comprehensive green exposure. We also found that the level of composite green exposure is relatively stable; however, green space ratio attainment levels for newer communities are increasing and GVI and park accessibility attainment levels are decreasing. Finally, among the newly built communities: compared to the low-income level communities, the high-income level communities have a significant advantage in green space, but the mid-income level communities do not have such an advantage. The main findings of this study can provide policy implications for urban green space planning, including the need to prioritize the addition of public green space near older communities with poor levels of green exposure, the addition of street greenery near communities with poor levels of composite green exposure, and ensuring that parks have entrances in all four directions as far as possible.
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Barr, Rachel. "Building Equitable Access and Inclusion for Children Growing up in the Digital Age." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 9, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23727322211068388.
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Beginning during infancy, digital media are a pervasive part of family life, affecting opportunities to learn and time in family relationships. Research showing the potentially negative impacts of media on very young children led to recommendations of restricted media usage. Other research has examined how educational media can promote child outcomes and well-being. However, stark issues of digital inequity remain. Many families experience underconnectivity, with both income and geography limiting access to adequate bandwidth. Finally, cracks in the democratic structure of the Internet are emerging. Software engineers and social scientists revealed that algorithms determine children's media content and exploitative features manipulate the duration of media exposure. The article evaluates media usage for very young children. Based on this risk–benefit analysis, the article proposes a policy to increase the inclusiveness and safety of the digital space for all young children.
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POPOVA, O. A. "PRINCIPLE OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL SPACE LAW." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 12 (March 14, 2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2020.76.12.159-171.
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The article considers the principle of international cooperation within the framework ofmodern international space law. The author comes to the conclusion that the principle is a principle of general international law, but it has some features in international space law due to the specifi c of this branch. Such features include the implementation of international cooperation in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations and the Outer Space Treaty; for the bene fi t and in the interests of all countries taking into special consideration the needs of the developing countries (In particular, obligation of the States to consider on a basis of equality any requests by other States Parties to the Outer Space Treaty to be aff orded an opportunity to observe the fl ight of space objects launched by those States and to inform the international community of their activities in outer space); on an equitable and mutually acceptable basis, using the most eff ective and appropriate modes of cooperation; in the fi eld of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes. The broad participation of the private sector in international space cooperation is also an important feature.
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Wang, Hui, Mei-Po Kwan, Mingxing Hu, Junheng Qi, Jiemin Zheng, and Bin Han. "Time Allocation and the Activity-Space-Based Segregation of Different Income Groups: A Case Study of Nanjing." Land 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101717.
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Time allocation is closely related to life quality and is a potential indicator of urban space utilization and sociospatial differentiation. However, existing time allocation studies focus on how time is allocated to various activities but pay less attention to where individuals allocate their time. In the context of China’s transformation, this study examines the differences in time allocation in different urban spaces between low- and non-low-income groups based on two methods, descriptive statistics and social area analysis. The results show that low-income participants’ daily activities (especially work) are highly dependent on the central city area. However, they are at a disadvantage in accessing the central city area. Nevertheless, non-low-income individuals have diversified activity spaces and can better choose locations according to the purpose of activities and make fuller use of various types of urban areas. This study indicates that there are social differences in time allocation and urban space utilization among different income groups. The results obtained with regression models reveal that in addition to income, activity characteristics and built environment characteristics are significant factors affecting the differences. Social policies should support the equitable distribution of urban resources for different social groups, especially for vulnerable groups who live in affordable housing.
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Yeh, Christine Jean, Stephanie Khaziran, Mio Tsukamoto Burk, and Emily Hong Daniel. "Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of an Equitable Futures Program for Urban Public Schools." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v8n1p162.
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We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a culturally-responsive college access program, Make It Happen, aimed at increasing educational opportunity for historically-targeted middle and high school students. The sample included 254 participants who participated in the evidence-based 10-session program. These participants completed surveys before and after the program which inquired about their (1) school engagement, (2) social connectedness, and (3) academic and college help-seeking self-efficacy. T-test analyses were conducted and determined the participants at post-test, felt significantly more engaged at school, more connected to others, and more self-efficacious in seeking support for information about academics and college. The authors describe the importance of working with teachers, school staff, and counselors to foster a supportive and positive exploratory space for students who could benefit from learning about their future options (Beesley, 2004; Yeh, Ching, Okubo, & Luthar, 2007).
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Li, Ying. "On the Legal Dilemma of Ownership and Exploitation Right of Outer Space and Its Resources and China's Solutions." Asian Social Science 18, no. 5 (April 22, 2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v18n5p14.
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The principle of common heritage of mankind embodies the requirement of developing countries for the distribution of ownership of world resources (including outer space) that cannot be seized by some countries. The allocation of ownership under the principle of common heritage of mankind contributes to the equitable distribution and use of the world's resources across countries and generations. The principle of common heritage of mankind is essentially the ownership of resources. Facing the increasingly frequent activities in outer space as such, however, there is no chance for international laws to play their role in regulating those activities. The contracting system adopted in the early stage of China's reform and opening up could be used for tackling the dilemma faced by the utilization of outer space resources and the distribution of benefits.
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Tyasworo, Niken, and Mas Nana Jumena. "Tanggung Jawab Perusahaan Dalam Komersialisasi Ruang Angkasa dan Implikasinya Terhadap Outer Space Treaty 1967 (Studi Tentang Wisata Ruang Angkasa)." Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 131–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/up.v2i2.12203.
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The exploratory utilization of outer space is currently take a place following the development of science and technologies. At first, the exploration was done by government only, in this time, private companies also take part to do the outer space exploration.The outer space tour activities is one form of outer space commercialization. This time, those activities is still in the developing process for the better future business, especially in the law aspect for the outer space tour activities. So that, an explanation of the outer space tour activity is one particular part that should be extremely clear and understandable for the sake of tourist’s security. Such as, how far the responsibility is given by government and private companies in case of an accident during the outer space tour activities.The conclusion of this research is to mention that Outer Space Treaty 1967, Rescue Agreement 1968, Liability Convention 1972 and Registration Convention 1975 are all be able to applied as basic law for the outer space tour activities. Therefore, the outer space tour activity is something that could have been done routinely in the future and that makes the laws and regulations must be evident, equitable, and liable in order to ensure comfort and safety for the outer space tourists.
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Little, Ross, and Jason Warr. "Abstraction, belonging and comfort in the prison classroom." Incarceration 3, no. 3 (November 2022): 263266632211427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26326663221142759.
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Prison education, at the institutional and policy level, is too often about the use value of qualifications, rather than the exchange value inherent in the experience of learning. This article explores how abstract discussion can be used to resolve this problem by facilitating the production and exchange of pedagogical capital in a prison classroom. The development of pedagogical capital, a form of symbolic capital related to learning, enhanced the sense of belonging and comfort experienced by students. The classroom comprised learners from university and prison, participating in informal discussion emanating from abstract questions. Based on interviews with, and feedback and reflections from, students participating in an eight-week course located in a higher security Category B training prison in the midlands of England (‘HMP Lifer’), we discuss how pedagogical capital was produced and maintained. Firstly, it supported teachers to create a trustworthy learning space to discuss abstracted concepts and challenge each other – at an appropriate construal distance – without the discussion becoming too emotionally charged or exposing potential vulnerabilities. Secondly, it enabled students to use their own historical knowledge and experiences (narratives), creating a more equitable contributory space and reducing the risk of judgement. Thirdly, these elements combined to facilitate an iterative process of dialogical investment and exchange. The findings strongly suggest that the pedagogical approach was crucially important in creating a safe, trustworthy, equitable learning space in which students felt sufficiently at ease to exchange their thoughts and ideas as part of group discussion. We conclude that this pedagogical approach has wider implications for enhancing student resources, and fostering a sense of belonging in other, non-penal contexts, including higher education institutions.
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Deore, Prithvi, and Saumya Lathia. "Streets as Public Spaces: Lessons from Street Vending in Ahmedabad, India." Urban Planning 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i2.2058.
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Public spaces go beyond the typical definition of being an open space. They reflect the diversity and vibrancy of the urban fabric and hold the power to create memories. Among all public spaces, streets emerge as the most public. Streets are engines of economic activities, social hubs, and platforms for civic engagement. They break socio-economic divides and foster social cohesion. Planning, designing, and managing better public spaces have become important global discussions. Sustainable Development Goals (8 and 11) and the New Urban Agenda emphasize the significance of inclusive and sustainable economy and safe, accessible and quality public spaces for all. The proposed article uses the case of street vending to understand the manifestation of these goals in an Indian context by assessing street vendors’ role in Ahmedabad’s urban fabric through extensive spatial analysis of 4,000 vendors at four different time points of the day, perception studies of their clientele disaggregated by gender, income and age, and their relationship with surrounding land-use and street hierarchy. It showcases how street vendors make the streets more vibrant by increasing activities, safer through ensuring inflow of people, and inclusive in its true sense by allowing people from different backgrounds to participate in the exchange of goods and services. It further argues that street vendors are vital elements of more equitable and exciting streets and public space.