Academic literature on the topic 'Equitable space'
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Journal articles on the topic "Equitable space"
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Rutkowski, A. M. "Equitable access and the 1985 space WARC." Space Policy 2, no. 2 (May 1986): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-9646(86)90085-8.
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Hayward, Tim. "Human Rights Versus Emissions Rights: Climate Justice and the Equitable Distribution of Ecological Space." Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 4 (2007): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00117.x.
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There is agreement internationally that responsibility for reducing emissions should be equitably shared, but debate about the principles for determining equitable shares frequently focuses on the distribution of emissions rights. This shift of focus from responsibilities to rights is not necessarily conducive to reducing emissions. There is reason for caution, particularly, regarding suggestions that emissions rights should be assimilated to human rights. Concerns about the situation of the worst off globally have led to calls for recognition of a human right to some baseline amount of emissions per capita in order to secure subsistence. However, given the reasons to support a human right to an adequate environment, it would be a mistake to recognize any human right to pollute. What the worst off have a right to is secure access to the means to a decent life. Arguing that issues of both emissions and subsistence should be comprehended within a single framework of justice, the proposal here is that this broader framework be developed by reference to the idea of “ecological space.” An equitable distribution of rights to ecological space would in principle ensure an equitable distribution of welfare goods without sanctioning any excess use of natural resources or environmental services, including the planet's capacity for absorbing carbon.
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Kravets, Volodymyr, Oksana Kikinezhdi, and Iryna Shulha. "To the problem of humanization of educational space of modern ukrainian school." Osvitolohiya, no. 7 (2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2226-3012.2018.7.1521.
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The article deals with the actualityof the problem of humanization of the educational space in the modern Ukrainian school through the forming a gender-equitable environment in the educational institution. The foreign experience, which concern to the research problem (concepts «gender equitable learning environment», «gender-balanced education», «gender equality in education», «gender-equitable education», «gender-fair education», «non-sexist education», «іnclusive education») is analysed. The peculiarities of forming a gender-equitable environment in an educational institution, which is based on personality oriented, competence and gender approaches are revealed.Activity of gender-equitable environment ensures the formation of gender culture and egalitarian outlook of children and youth (gender competence, sensitivity, tolerance) as important factors of personal and professional self-actualization of sexes, democratic outlook and the civic life-realization of girls and boys in the realm of national existence. The content of the gender approach and peculiarities of its introduction into the educational institution are uncovered. Our own interpretation of the concept «gender-equitable environment» as non-discriminatory, health-preservation, creative and developmental is formulated. It is based on the principles of social justice, gender equality, child-centred, egalitarianism and parity of the sexes; in which the full development of the personality is ensured, taking into account a gender, age, disability, race, culture, religion, ethnicity, etc. The structure of gender-equitable environment incluseds three components (subject-space, psychodidactic, social). The formation of a gender- equitable environment is based on the principles of «partnership pedagogy» and a gender «matrix» of humanistic pedagogical heritage, the integration of competence, personal oriented and gender approaches. The psychological and pedagogical mechanisms of formation of a gender-equitable environment for children and youth are substantiated.
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Hyun, Jong Yoon. "A Bound on Equitable Partitions of the Hamming Space." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 56, no. 5 (May 2010): 2109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2010.2043773.
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Timperio, A., K. Ball, J. Salmon, R. Roberts, and D. Crawford. "Is availability of public open space equitable across areas?" Health & Place 13, no. 2 (June 2007): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.02.003.
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Hyun, Jong Yoon. "Local duality for equitable partitions of a Hamming space." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 119, no. 2 (February 2012): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2011.10.006.
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Maulana, Satwiko Aryesti, Maria Immaculata Ririk Winandari, and Julindiani Iskandar. "Implementation of Equitable Use and Flexibility of Use in the Design of Public Housings in Jakarta, Indonesia." Journal of Architectural Design and Urbanism 5, no. 1 (December 5, 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jadu.v5i1.15618.
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Population growth happens quickly in Indonesia, especially in Jakarta. With reduced land due to infrastructure development, population growth does not go parallel with the need for housing, which should be a basic need for every human being. This makes the construction of residential houses arranged vertically called public housing. It can reduce land use and create urban open spaces. Public housing should be based on an inclusive design approach that considers human diversity. The design of public housing in Indonesia has not met the needs of all humans, especially in the aspect of all ages and disabilities. The design of the building is still not based on the togetherness of user activities. In the design, it is expected that the use is carried out fairly, which is fair for users and flexibility in space. Aspects of equitable use by pedestrian access and facilities, along with space flexibility based on expandability, convertibility, and versatility. The method used is a qualitative method with the exploration of three cases of public housings. The variables used are inclusive design aspects related to equitable use and flexibility in use. The results reveal that public housing is recommended according to equitable use aspects, inclusive design factors with pedestrian access that is easy to understand and accessible to elderly users and wheelchairs, and affordable facilities. Spaces can be built in the long term with space flexibility, such as multifunctional communal spaces, expansion of spaces near public spaces for unexpected uses, as well as shared use for all users.
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van Ewijk, Stijn, Shitiz Chaudhary, and Peter Berrill. "Estimating passenger emissions from airfares supports equitable climate action." Environmental Research Letters 18, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 024013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acaa48.
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Abstract Air travel generates a substantial and growing share of global greenhouse gas emissions. Reduction efforts partly rely on estimates of emissions per passenger, which may be used for carbon budgets, offsets, or taxes. Aircraft emissions are typically allocated to individual passengers through space-based allocation dependent on seating arrangements by travel class. However, the operation of aircraft depends on profitability, which benefits from high fares from late bookings, often by business and high-income travellers. Fare-based allocation recognises the economic drivers of airline emissions by allocating the aircraft emissions proportionally to the paid airfares. In this article, we compare space-based passenger emissions, which differ only by class, with fare-based passenger emissions, which depend on the fare paid by the individual traveller. We extract space-based allocation factors from widely used emission calculators and derive fare-based allocation factors from airfares for domestic travel in the US. We find that the space-based allocation factors reflect the difference in average expenditure by travel class but not the difference in expenditure between travellers. With fare-based accounting, the most expensive economy trips have similar emissions to space-based premium trips, while less expensive premium trips have similar emissions to space-based economy trips. We find that a tax on fare-based instead of space-based emissions leads to a more evenly distributed impact on low-fare and high-fare travellers whilst achieving the same reduction in airline revenues. We conclude that fare-based emissions accounting better reflects the drivers of airline emissions and supports more equitable climate action.
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Saunders, Melanie K. "Mining on Celestial Bodies: The Equitable Distribution of Benefits Doctrine and Distributive Justice." Australian Year Book of International Law 36, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 195–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660229_03601010.
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Abstract The United States and Luxembourg have recently legislated to permit the acquisition of private property rights over celestial resources mined by private actors. Considering these developments, this note will consider an element of the Common Heritage of Mankind under international space law: the equitable sharing of benefits doctrine. It proposes a formulation of the doctrine that entails material and equitable distribution of economic benefits derived from space mining among all States, ensuring that space is utilised in a manner delivering a tangible collective benefit. It suggests that this doctrine presently lacks the preconditions to amount to an international legal principle erga omnes, and therefore considers how it may develop into a binding juridical standard through analysing an existing model of equitable sharing in an analogous context: the deep seabed. Accordingly, this note conceptualises an international legal framework that delivers an effective mechanism for the redistribution of wealth obtained from mining celestial resources, and that will enhance the compliance of States and private actors with principles of equitable sharing.
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Lloveras, Javier, Lee Quinn, and Cathy Parker. "Reclaiming sustainable space." Marketing Theory 18, no. 2 (September 20, 2017): 188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593117732458.
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While degrowth debates typically encompass abstract ecological and economic arguments against growth, our study considers how degrowth-minded activism becomes interwoven with the production and consumption of space and place. Drawing illustrative insights from an ethnographic study in the city of Seville, our findings reveal a configuration of practices ( accessibility, self-organisation, reproduction and conviviality) through which degrowth-minded activism infuses urban life with noncapitalist processes and logics. Consequently, our work contributes to a paucity of studies theorising the production/consumption of space in relation to broader processes of capitalist development. In doing so, we also promote a more humane consideration of the spatial dimensions through which more equitable ways of living are constituted.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equitable space"
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Romson, Åsa. "Environmental Policy Space and International Investment Law." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74521.
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This dissertation analyses the implications of international investment law on host states’ legal ability to protect the environment, regulate sustainable use of natural resources, and develop new approaches to manage environmental risks and uncertainties. ‘Environmental policy space’ is found to be a useful term when exploring the regulatory autonomy in this context. On one hand, investment law aims to ensure stability of the investment environment. On the other hand, environmental law needs flexibility to react to the degradation of the environment. It is found that those different aims do not have to be in conflict. There are useful mechanisms in national environmental law which provide for accessible, transparent and predictable decisions for the private actor. These mechanisms can fulfill the aim of stability in investment law. It is, however, concluded that core provisions of international investment treaties risk to put constraints to environmental law in a variety of ways. To diminish these risks, states, when concluding investment treaties, should make clear that constraining environmental regulation is not compatible with the overarching aim of sustainable development. Furthermore, the interpretation of provisions of investment protection must respect principles and instruments of environmental law not to continue being unbalanced towards investor interests. It is also concluded that allowing for investor – state arbitration, without the investor exhausting local remedies, will ignore the important national administrative review system of public environmental measures.
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Yildiz, Alican. "Reclaiming Equity in a Contested and Uneven Space: Evidence-based Reformulations for Planning Practice in the Context of Urban Food Access in Cincinnati, OH." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491227621142843.
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Benouaich, Abigail. "Bring Light to Gaza. An exploration of solar and ecologically-sensitive light programs for the Deir al-Balah refugee camp." Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280044.
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In Gaza, daily blackouts have lasted for over eleven years. Until recently, Palestinian families have received only four hours of power each day. Since Israel’s withdrawal from the region in 2005, the political discourse around the Right of Return has forced refugees to live in terrible conditions and darkness. The fear was that any transformation of the camps will bring about an integration of the refugee community with the local environment and thus any improvements to Gaza’s infrastructure and housing was seen as a direct erosion of the Right of Return. Can bringing light to Gaza transcend this boundary of temporality and restore hope to this impoverished community? With recent solar lighting ideas emerging to help solve Gaza’s energy shortage by solar energy companies such as SunBox and LittleSun, I plan to develop a solar urban lighting project for Gaza’s smallest refugee camp - Deir al-Balah (DEB) - to help improve security at night for residents and provide the community with opportunities to socialise in public common areas. In response to an ‘Improvement Plan’ conducted by the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) in 2017, which identifies DEB camp’s limited access to electricity and street lighting, I’d like to explore how a solar and ecologically-sensitive lighting programs can improve Gazan’s daily lives, by bringing clean, reliable and affordable energy access.
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Gates, Miriam Rebecca Galpin. "Mathematics Teacher Educators’ Visions for Mathematical Inquiry in Equitable Mathematics Spaces:." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108775.
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Thesis advisor: Lillie R. AlbertIn mathematics education, there is an imperative for more just and equitable experiences in mathematics spaces, as well as ongoing efforts to move classroom instruction toward mathematical inquiry. While Mathematics Teacher Educators (MTEs) are expected to support multiple initiatives in mathematics education, they are particularly responsible for the professional learning of teachers and teacher candidates. MTEs must therefore prepare and support the professional learning of teachers to achieve twin goals. This study was designed to understand how MTEs envision their roles in supporting development of teachers across MTEs’ many professional functions in their work toward the twin goals of equity and inquiry. The findings suggest that identifying the forms mathematical knowledge takes is important for mathematical inquiry and that interrogating these forms can be used to counter pervasive social myths about who can do mathematics. Further, MTEs articulated three interrelated values for application of mathematics inquiry teaching for justice and equity: creating space, supporting sense-making, and naming how power and privilege have operated and continue to operate in mathematics spaces. Finally, MTEs described how mathematics inquiry practices are a mode for understanding the world and can be used to promote equity by uncovering biases and assumptions. These findings suggest a promising avenue for leveraging mathematical inquiry to increase equitable outcomes in mathematics spaces
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Patrão, Benedicto de Vasconcellos Luna Gonçalves. "O direito à convivência comunitária: a criança e o adolescente no contexto urbano." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1692.
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A opção pelas gated communities fez desaparecer dos espaços de convivência comunitária considerados a primeira vítima colateral de uma cidade que perde a árdua luta enfrentada para resistir ao avanço do isolamento espacial dos moradores grande parte dos atrativos da vida citadina. Diante da importância do ambiente público na formação da criança e do adolescente, a questão envolvendo a tutela da convivência comunitária está inegavelmente baseada na necessidade da efetivação de políticas públicas voltadas para a revitalização e readequação dos espaços urbanos, a fim de resguardar a qualidade de vida daqueles que merecem especial proteção do Estado. Sob este prisma, portanto, que esta obra será desenvolvida. Pretende-se demonstrar que, em relação à criança e ao adolescente, hodiernamente entendidos como pessoas humanas que merecem especial atenção da família, sociedade e Estado, a tutela da convivência comunitária representa um Direito Fundamental, em paralelo ao direito à convivência familiar, em que ambos estão igualmente previstos na norma constitucional, através do artigo 227 da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, e infraconstitucional, por meio dos artigos 4 e 19 do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente.Gated communities option by the end of community interaction spaces considered the first victim sibling of a city that loses the arduous struggle faced to withstand the advancement of spatial isolation of residents most of the attractions of the city life. Considering the importance of public education of children and adolescents, the issue involving the community coexistence is undeniably based on need effective public policies targeted to the revitalization and readjustment of urban spaces, seeking to safeguard the quality of life of those who deserve special protection by the State. He, therefore, that this work will be carried out. To demonstrate that, in relation to children and adolescents, hodiernamente understood as human beings that deserve special attention from the family, society and State, the Fellowship Community represents a fundamental right, in parallel to the right to family life, in which both are also provided for in the constitutional standard, through article 227 of the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil 1988 and infraconstitucional, by means of article 4 and 19 of the Statute of the child and adolescent.
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Parshina, Olga. "Structures périodiques en mots morphiques et en colorations de graphes circulants infinis." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1071/document.
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Cette thèse est composée de deux parties : l’une traite des propriétés combinatoires de mots infinis et l’autre des problèmes de colorations des graphes.La première partie du manuscrit concerne les structures régulières dans les mots apériodiques infinis, à savoir les sous-séquences arithmétiques et les premiers retours complets.Nous étudions la fonction qui donne la longueur maximale d’une sous-séquence arithmétique monochromatique (une progression arithmétique) en fonction de la différence commune d pour une famille de mots morphiques uniformes, qui inclut le mot de Thue-Morse. Nous obtenons la limite supérieure explicite du taux de croissance de la fonction et des emplacements des progressions arithmétiques de longueurs maximales et de différences d. Pour étudier des sous-séquences arithmétiques périodiques dans des mots infinis, nous définissons la notion d'indice arithmétique et obtenons des bornes supérieures et inférieures sur le taux de croissance de la fonction donnant l’indice arithmétique dans la même famille de mots.Dans la même veine, une autre question concerne l’étude de deux nouvelles fonctions de complexité de mots infinis basées sur les notions de mots ouverts et fermés. Nous dérivons des formules explicites pour les fonctions de complexité ouverte et fermée pour un mot d'Arnoux-Rauzy sur un alphabet de cardinalité finie.La seconde partie de la thèse traite des colorations parfaites (des partitions équitables) de graphes infinis de degré borné. Nous étudions les graphes de Caley de groupes additifs infinis avec un ensemble de générateurs fixé. Nous considérons le cas où l'ensemble des générateurs est composé d'entiers de l'intervalle [-n, n], et le cas où les générateurs sont des entiers impairs de [-2n-1, 2n+1], où n est un entier positif. Pour les deux familles de graphes, nous obtenons une caractérisation complète des colorations parfaites à deux couleursThe content of the thesis is comprised of two parts: one deals with combinatorial properties of infinite words and the other with graph coloring problems.The first main part of the manuscript concerns regular structures in infinite aperiodic words, such as arithmetic subsequences and complete first returns.We study the function that outputs the maximal length of a monochromatic arithmetic subsequence (an arithmetic progression) as a function of the common difference d for a family of uniform morphic words, which includes the Thue-Morse word. We obtain the explicit upper bound on the rate of growth of the function and locations of arithmetic progressions of maximal lengths and difference d. To study periodic arithmetic subsequences in infinite words we define the notion of an arithmetic index and obtain upper and lower bounds on the rate of growth of the function of arithmetic index in the same family of words.Another topic in this direction involves the study of two new complexity functions of infinite words based on the notions of open and closed words. We derive explicit formulae for the open and closed complexity functions for an Arnoux-Rauzy word over an alphabet of finite cardinality.The second main part of the thesis deals with perfect colorings (a.k.a. equitable partitions) of infinite graphs of bounded degree. We study Caley graphs of infinite additive groups with a prescribed set of generators. We consider the case when the set of generators is composed of integers from the interval [-n,n], and the case when the generators are odd integers from [-2n-1,2n+1], where n is a positive integer. For both families of graphs, we obtain a complete characterization of perfect 2-colorings
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Steverson, Jennifer. "Equitable access to green space : management strategies in San Diego California and Austin Texas." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/28114.
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This report is focused on the implementation strategies used by municipal governments to provision communities in San Diego California and Austin Texas with public parks. Green space is an important amenity in urban areas that improves the quality of life for residents. Low income who experience sustained mental fatigue from the stress associated with acquiring basic necessities may experience stress alleviation in vegetated environments. Comprehensive planning documents, city budgets and interviews with parks department employees were used to investigate the methods used to ensure equitable access to public parks in urban areas. Digital cartography was used to measure the proximity to green space at the city and neighborhood scale. Green space was broadly defined to include public parks, conserved lands, community gardens, greenways, and school yards. This is in keeping with the comprehensive plans of both cities.text
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"Improving Transitional Care for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness: The Role of Narrative Repair." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62829.
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abstract: Traditional healthcare narratives have set the stage for the care of the population with Severe Mental Illness (P-SMI). Thus far, two prevailing health strategies anchor services for mental illnesses, acute psychiatric care, and mental health, psychosocial rehabilitation. Between these, care transitions mediate PSMI’s needs and their movements from the hospital to the community and home. However, as individuals with Severe Mental Illness (i-SMI’s) leave the hospital, time is short with little opportunity to make known authentic narratives born out of self-evidence. After transitional care, maintenance treatment re-centers these individuals back into a playbook with operatives of pathology and disability and inconsistencies with the narratives on recovery and rehabilitation.
This project sought to hear i-SMI’s stories and propose how their experience can be used to create a new “counter” story of transition that empowers these individuals through a better understanding of their “space”: conceptualized here, as all that surrounds them and is dynamic and responsive to their interactions and needs. Underpinning this inquiry is a post-modernist conversation that converges on the critical perspectives in the theory of architecture, philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and the aesthetic practice of psychiatric nursing in the context of transitional care. A qualitative paradigm of narrative repair guides an ethical appraisal, “deprivation of opportunity,” and “infiltrated consciousness,” regarding relational power dynamics that are at work in healthcare master narratives.
Narrative findings of this study reveal that identity and agency come together in a personal space of safety born out of a core sense of self, belonging, and control. Space emerges within the self-narrative as physical sensibilities in the constructs of agency and safety, and as with emotional responses, metaphor and meaning can repair personal transitions.
The counterstory derived from the narrative findings reveals: Equitable relational dynamics attune social space, the physical environment, and meaning, as a response to the dismissiveness and overcontrolling health professional power. Thus, the journey toward narrative repair from the perspective of i-SMI’s uncovers a deeper counternarrative, Ecosystem of Space: the manifestation of a personal architecture for healing, making a systematic organic-space-experience for the core sense of self to transition and flourish.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Nursing and Healthcare Innovation 2020
Books on the topic "Equitable space"
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Lindgren, David. Assessment Framework for Compliance with International Space Law and Norms: Promoting Equitable Access and Use of Space for Emerging Actors. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
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Lindgren, David. An Assessment Framework for Compliance with International Space Law and Norms: Promoting Equitable Access and Use of Space for Emerging Actors. Springer, 2020.
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Nicholls, Alex, and Rafael Ziegler, eds. Creating Economic Space for Social Innovation. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830511.001.0001.
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Social innovation is a topic of increasing interest to policymakers, civil society, and business globally. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive account of the economic contexts of social innovation. This book aims to address this research gap. It weaves together work from economics, sociology and ethics for a novel theoretical approach: the Extended Social Grid Model (ESGM). Based upon four years of work across a range of countries, this book provides a thorough and nuanced discussion of how social innovation can address major social issues including marginalization, access to housing, clean water, and microcredit. Empirically, the book considers how social innovation has interfaced with the economy, but also the state and civil society in terms of long-term projects, programmes, and policies that have emerged and evolved within and across European states to drive more equitable, inclusive, and sustainable societies.
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Sandell, Richard, Jocelyn Dodd, and Ceri Jones. Trading Zones. Edited by Paula Hamilton and James B. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766024.013.4.
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Because of the determined efforts of disability activists, public historians, and other scholars, the hidden history of disabled people is emerging in the public sphere. Although museums and other cultural institutions hold wide-ranging material in their collections that links to the lives of disabled people, its significance is often underresearched and poorly understood. Although disabled people desire greater visibility, like other groups who have been marginalized or misrepresented, they also want to be involved in the process and empowered to make decisions about their representation. Drawing on insights from research and experimental practice, we suggest that the idea of the “trading zone,” the creation of a space of exchange for collaborative and equitable dialogue, provides a way forward for disabled people to make their voices heard in the museum and for museum staff to confront and develop new ways of incorporating disability history into their collections and displays.
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Mofo, Liako. Future-proofing the plastics value chain in Southern Africa. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/905-1.
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Plastics are ubiquitous across the region and play an important role in multiple industries. Most plastic products are based on a value chain that is grounded in petroleum refining, posing an environmental challenge. Plastic manufacturing in South Africa suffers from the high cost of polymers as inputs. Mozambique is endowed with large natural gas deposits. This research assesses the potential for the sustainable development of a plastics value chain in Southern Africa, with the aim of future-proofing the industry against changes in the petroleum space while bolstering growth in plastics manufacture and fostering a more equitable regional distribution of plastics activities. This study found that there is strong regional value chain potential between South Africa and Mozambique, with Mozambique producing natural gas feedstock and South Africa providing labour, capital, and technology. South African plastic manufacturers could also benefit from better input prices derived from better priced natural gas from Mozambique.
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Rauscher, Raymond. Renewing Cities with Value Capture Planning: Model for Achieving Equitable Housing, Public and Open Spaces, and Sustainable Transport. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.
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Rauscher, Raymond. Renewing Cities with Value Capture Planning: Model for Achieving Equitable Housing, Public and Open Spaces, and Sustainable Transport. Springer International Publishing AG, 2022.
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Smaniotto Costa, Carlos, Monika Mačiulienė, Marluci Menezes, and Barbara Goličnik Marušić, eds. Co-Creation of Public Open Places. Practice - Reflection - Learning. Edições Universitárias Lusófonas, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24140/2020-sct-vol.4.
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The chapters of this book bring science a little closer to the knowledge about the design, production and management of public spaces. 37 authors responded to the Project’s call to share experiences, visions and reflections on how co-creation and participatory processes can create possibilities for a sustainable and equitable future. This book intends to help researchers, governments and community leaders to move from insights to more collaborative actions.
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Bégin, Camille. How Taste Is Made. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040252.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter argues that the New Deal food writing does not provide lessons on how to eat better, nor a cause to dismiss it as a bigoted or failed nation-building attempt. Rather, it offers a reminder that contemporary anxieties about the sensory, political, environmental, social, and moral consequences of the global industrial food system, as well as the drive toward the celebration of local traditions and knowledge, are not a late-twentieth and early-twenty-first-century affair but part of a longer historical trend. New Deal food writing offers tools to better understand the challenges of establishing sustainable, pleasurable, and equitable food systems. This is not to disparage efforts at changing industrial foodways, but to emphasize how social and sensory histories of food can create spaces for debates about social, cultural, and environmental equity challenges.
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Fassin, Didier. Who Gets Punished? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888589.003.0005.
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Who gets punished? We believe that punishment should be both just, i.e. proportionate to the offense, and fair, i.e. equitably distributed across society. Yet this is frequently not the case, and there are considerable excesses and disparities in practice. This observation therefore leads to a second question: What do we think should be punished? Statistical and observational data indicate that the differences in severity are related not to the seriousness of the offense but to the social characteristics of the offenders. The final question then becomes: Whom do we deem punishable, and whom do we want to spare? Following Foucault, one can see that punishment serves not only to reduce crime or dispense justice but also, and perhaps above all, to differentiate society.
Book chapters on the topic "Equitable space"
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Schrogl, Kai-Uwe. "The concept of space traffic management as a basis for achieving the fair and equitable use of outer space." In The Fair and Responsible Use of Space, 132–42. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-99653-9_12.
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Addobbati, Andrea. "Principles and Developments of General Average: Statutory and Contractual Loss Allowances from the Lex Rhodia to the Early Modern Mediterranean." In General Average and Risk Management in Medieval and Early Modern Maritime Business, 145–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04118-1_6.
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AbstractThe purpose of GA is to partition the damage of maritime transport in an equitable and proportional way among all those who took part in the expedition. The legal principle is commonly deduced from the famous Lex Rhodia de jactu contained in the Digest, which would seem to limit the right of indemnity only to those losses which have been suffered voluntarily in order to save the ship, the men and most of the cargo. This limitation, which excludes all damages of fortuitous nature, will become axiomatic in the jurisprudence of the early modern age, but in more ancient times it was not always strictly observed, and above all it leaves open a space of indecision from which derive innumerable problems of practical order.
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Morssink, Margaux. "An Equitable and Efficient Use of Outer Space and Its Resources and the Role of the UN, the ITU and States Parties." In Legal Aspects Around Satellite Constellations, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06028-2_1.
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Millar, Michael. "A Capability Perspective on Antibiotic Resistance, Inequality, and Child Development." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 225–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_14.
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Abstract Nussbaum’s capability theory by drawing attention to multiple determinants of wellbeing provides a rich and relevant evaluative space for framing antibiotic resistance. I consider the implications of antibiotic resistance for child development and adult capabilities. There are common risk factors for childhood growth stunting and the spread of infectious diseases in both antibiotic sensitive and resistant forms. The interaction between infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance and growth stunting illustrates a clustering of disadvantage. The control of antibiotic resistance requires wide-ranging cooperative action. Cooperation is predicated on an expectation of equitable access to effective antibiotics. This expectation is confounded by inequality both in access to antibiotics, and in the risk that available antibiotics will be ineffective. Securing child development (and adult capabilities) requires that inequalities both in access to antibiotics and in risk factors for the dissemination and transmission of antibiotic resistance are addressed. Inequality undermines the cooperative activity that is control of infectious diseases and compounds the threat to the securing of capabilities that arises from antibiotic resistance.
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Tan, Oon Seng, and Jallene Jia En Chua. "Science, Social Responsibility, and Education: The Experience of Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19, 263–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81500-4_10.
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AbstractIn this chapter we first outline how the pandemic unfolded United Kingdom before highlighting the key thinking and strategies Singapore adopted in policy responses towards the crisis. The two key principles of Singapore’s approach, science, and social responsibility, contributed greatly to its success in handling the public health crisis. This chapter will elaborate on these principles and examine how these policies were carried out in the educational realm. We look at how Singapore relied on its strengths of proactive rational planning and execution to facilitate the transition to home-based learning (HBL) and the subsequent re-opening of schools. Concomitant with policies to address health and well-being for all students were strategies to ensure continuity of learning, student engagement, and innovation in the new learning environment. The use of online learning portals such as the Student Learning Space enabled all students from primary to pre-university levels to have equal access to quality curriculum resources. Professional development and preparation of teachers pertaining to facilitating new modes of learning were as important as implementation measures. Given the unexpected impact of the pandemic and the need for scalability there were also many challenges to ensure equitable access and holistic well-being for vulnerable groups of students. Looking forward, we discuss the implications of the pandemic on Singapore’s education scene, such as how it elevated core issues related to curriculum, pedagogy, and design of learning environments. We talk about opportunities for some of these issues to be addressed in policy and research, and how doing so can better build an adaptable education system for the twenty-first century.
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Sambo, Sani Ahmed. "Status of Equitable Digital Learning Opportunities in the Pandemic Era: The Nigerian Experience." In Emerging Technologies for Next Generation Learning Spaces, 51–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3521-2_6.
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Ohalezim, Nagora Banu, Bosede I. Edwards, and Toyin Janet Aderemi. "Future of eSpecial Education: Options for Equitable eLearning Opportunities for Learners with Special Education Needs." In Emerging Technologies for Next Generation Learning Spaces, 19–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3521-2_3.
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Parsons, Meg, Karen Fisher, and Roa Petra Crease. "Co-Management in Theory and Practice: Co-Managing the Waipaˉ River." In Decolonising Blue Spaces in the Anthropocene, 325–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61071-5_8.
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AbstractIn Aotearoa New Zealand, co-management initiatives are increasingly commonplace and are intended to improve sustainable management of environments as well as foster more equitable sharing of power between the settler-state and Indigenous Māori iwi (tribes). In this chapter we examine one such co-management arrangement that recognises and includes Ngāti Maniapoto iwi in decision-making about their ancestral river (the upper section of the Waipā River Catchment) and whether the implementation of initiative translated into tangible benefits for the iwi. Our research findings highlight how co-management agreement is perceived as overwhelming positive by both government and Ngāti Maniapoto representatives. However iwi note that they still face substantive barriers to achieving environmental justice (including the lack of formal recognition of their authority and power, and limited resourcing).
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Rossi, Sebastian D., Adriana M. Otero, Elena Abraham, and Jason Byrne. "Environmental [In]Equity: Accessibility to Green Spaces in a Rapidly Urbanizing Mountain-City." In Human-Nature Interactions, 113–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_10.
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Significance StatementOpen Green Spaces (OGS) provide a range of cultural ecosystems services including health benefits through recreational and tourism opportunities. Rapid and oftentimes unplanned urbanization can result in the loss of OGS, negatively affecting urban dwellers’ health and wellbeing. An example is the rapidly expanding city of San Carlos de Bariloche, located in the Argentinean Patagonia, surrounded by the iconic Nahuel Huapi National Park. The study reported here sought to assess the availability and distribution equity of public OGS in Bariloche. The study found inequalities in access and distribution; ‘wealthier’ neighbourhoods offered more OGS than poorer neighbourhoods. Better regulation of development is required and future land use plans need to preserve and protect future OGS sites and improve access points to existing OGS to ensure more equitable access to diverse natural landscapes.
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Nursey-Bray, Melissa, Robert Palmer, Ann Marie Chischilly, Phil Rist, and Lun Yin. "Old Ways for New Days." In Old Ways for New Days, 111–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97826-6_7.
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AbstractIndigenous peoples, as innovators and leaders of climate adaptation in their territories, have applied “old ways to new days”, both as a process, as well as in practice. Western scientists and policy makers need to work together effectively with Indigenous peoples to not only respond to climate change both on their territories and places they live. Further, in order for Indigenous knowledge to more broadly contribute to adaptation per se, conventional characterisations of vulnerability and resilience must be thrown off in favour of Indigenous survival, agency and world views. Governance spaces need to be created, on equitable terms, for Indigenous peoples to participate in and contribute to adaptation policy and decision making.
Conference papers on the topic "Equitable space"
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Rivera-Loaiza, Cuauhtemoc, and Marisol Wong-Villacres. "Global Plaza: Creating an inclusive and equitable space at high-level conferences." In MexIHC '22: Mexican International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3565494.3565499.
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Marcus, Maggie. "Teacher and Linguistically Diverse Student Talk in Small-Group Reading Discussions: Creating an Equitable Space." In 2021 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1683033.
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Quadros Meis, Myra. "Cultivating Brave Space: How Networks Fortify School Leaders to Ensure Equitable Access for Black Youth." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1892712.
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Del Col, Nancy, Stephanie McBride, Kouame Aime, Togola Diakaridia M’pai, Martin Diarra, and Honoré Kabamba. "IMAGINE Mali Girls’ Education Project: The Importance of Place and Space Inquiry to Inform Education Programming in a Conflict-Affected Context." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.8891.
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IMAGINE contributes to the Canadian government's commitment to quality education for girls by improving their rights to inclusive, gender-transformative, quality education in two conflict-affected regions in Mali. Since 2020, this humanitarian-development/nexus project funded by Global Affairs Canada and implemented by a consortium of NGOs, has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, school closures due to the security situation, teacher strikes and coups, while public schools, once safe learning spaces, have experienced attacks by armed groups. // This paper shares lessons learned and challenges from IMAGINE, exploring the theme and sub-theme of Building Resilience and Education for Girls and the socio-political potential of education as a peacebuilding agent. Geographic Place and Space Theory establishes that place is an integral and inescapable aspect of community and individual life experiences. Butler and Sinclair (2020) argue that “place inquiry and spatial methodologies can strengthen the potential of education research by advancing our knowledge of the nature of and potential solutions to educational injustice.” We ask: How can education projects in the humanitarian-development/nexus space leverage geographic place and space inquiry to improve approaches to equitable educational access, particularly for girls? // As a gender-transformative education project, IMAGINE will contribute findings to this under-conceptualized space in education research.
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de Sousa, Bruno. "Universal design for inclusive education." In IASE 2021 Satellite Conference: Statistics Education in the Era of Data Science. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.kxvpc.
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With enforced distance learning based teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic, educators were urged to reflect on their teaching practices and best approaches to reach out to a variety of students. Universal Design allows for an inclusive world that considers the specificities that characterize and apply to each individual. The concept of Universal Design, advanced by Architect Ronald Mace, proposes that, whenever possible, all products and buildings should be deemed visually pleasing and usable by most individuals, regardless of age, ability or financial status. Seven principles are at the core of Universal Design: Equitable Use, Flexibility in Use, Simple and Intuitive, Perceptible Information, Tolerance for Error, Low Physical Effort, and Size and Space for Approach and Use. This study proposes the adaptation of Universal Design to the digital world of teaching Statistics. It will offer a roadmap through Universal Design for Inclusive Education, focusing on simple solutions when teaching Statistics online.
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Veldhoen, Karine, and Antonia DeBoer. "Story as Community - Life-wide Literacy to Transform Learning Loss and Isolation to Community Literacy and Joy." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.1704.
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The pandemic laid bare: all homes aren’t equitable learning spaces. Yet, education has long considered the family and home an extension of learning. // As a liberatory act, education must consider responsive, resilient practices for equity. // If education considers the family and home as an essential learning space, a continuation of the learning experience, the inequities must be addressed. In fact, Ulrike Hanemann (2015) argues for systemic change in the attitudes of societies to support learning as a life-wide process, disrupting the idea that it is merely a classroom-based endeavor, and expanding it to include literacy learning, in particular, as situated in social practice and understood as a continuum of learning. Hanemann advocates the development of ‘literate families,’ ‘literate communities,’ and ‘literate societies.' // Yet, currently, this assumption is essentially inequitable. Arguably, it is not just literacy learning, but learning in general which must be situated equitably within society-at-large. // For the past decade, Niteo’s work (www.niteo.org) has almost exclusively focused on our global literacy equity, but now we also turn to address Covid-19’s impact on local literacy in Canada. // There are many challenges to SDG4 and literacy in Canada. Pre-pandemic, Canadian Children’s Literacy Foundation’s statistics reported one out of eight students below the age of 15 and a quarter of early readers in Canada were not reading at grade level. For newcomers to Canada, the average literacy gap is equal to 3.5 years of schooling. This is not limited to newly-arrived newcomers, as established immigrants (10+ years in Canada) have a similar gap. Now, compounding this reality for newcomers is the impact of Covid - slowed academic progress, isolation, and loneliness. // We have learned much from our East African partners and can mirror their community literacy work here. // In a 2022 pilot, local newcomer families nominated by educators or NGOs, paired with UBC-O students, undertook an interest-based, intergenerational exploration of literacy learning in the spirit of play. Literacy access and equity were addressed by utilizing the resources of libraries to inspire the joy of reading. Activities together were built around Niteo’s two open education resources, When We Give Children Books and MicroCredential: Leadership in Literacy. The objective was to cultivate joyously literate communities through a focus on family-wide literacy habits to promote lifelong learning. // As a pathway to resilience and the delivery of a life-wide learning experience, this paper focuses on the Niteo pilot project "Story as Community" and its implications.
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Irwin, Terry. "Transition Design: An approach to addressing wicked problems (and catalysing societal transitions toward more sustainable futures)." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.172.
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Transition Design is a new area of transdisciplinary design focus aimed at addressing complex wicked problems and catalysing transitions toward sustainable, equitable and desirable long-term futures. Terry will discuss how change happens within our complex socio-technical systems and how addressing wicked problems can be a strategy for changing the trajectory of these transitions. Transition Design is a transdisciplinary approach aimed at addressing the many ‘wicked’ problems confronting 21st-century societies: climate change, forced migration, political and social polarization, global pandemics, lack of access to affordable housing/healthcare/education and countless others. These problems are considered systems problems because of their many challenging characteristics such as: every wicked problem is connected to other wicked problems; they are comprised of multiple stakeholder groups with conflicting agendas and no clear shared understanding of the problem; they are constantly changing and evolving; and wicked problems always manifest in place and culture-specific ways. Because of their high level of complexity, wicked problems cannot be solved by a single group of people or discipline. Addressing such problems requires radical collaboration among many fields and disciplines, but even more importantly it requires leveraging the knowledge and perspectives of the stakeholder groups connected to and affected by the problem. Transition Design argues that new transdisciplinary knowledge and skill-sets are required to address these problems, and that wicked problem resolution is a strategy for igniting positive, systems-level change and societal transitions toward more sustainable, equitable and desirable long-term futures. The Transition Design approach emphasises:• The need to frame problems within radically large, spatio-temporal contexts that include the past (how the problem evolved over long periods of time), present (how the problem manifests at different levels of scale) and future (visions of the long-term future in which the problem has been resolved).• The need for the stakeholders connected to and affected by the problem to be involved throughout the problem framing, visioning and solutioning process. This challenges many dominant processes in which professional or disciplinary experts from outside the system solve/design “for” the communities affected by the problem(s). Transition Design aspires to continually leverage the knowledge and wisdom from inside the system and build community capacity to self-organise, advocate and problem solve.• The need for stakeholders to co-create long-term visions of desirable futures, as a way to transcend their differences in the present and focus on a future space in which they are more likely to agree.• The need to develop “ecologies of synergistic interventions” (solutions) that are connected to each other and the long-term vision as a strategy for transitioning entire societies toward a desirable,equitable, long-term futures.• The need to think and work for long horizons of time. Resolving wicked problems and transitioning entire societies toward sustainable long-term futures will unfold over many years or even decades and will require patience, tenacity and an ongoing process of visioning and solutioning to remain on course during the transition. Transition Design is essentially an approach for appropriately framing these complex problems within more appropriate contexts. Many existing problem solving methodologies and process can be used increating the “ecologies of interventions” needed to address them.
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Burgos, María, Verónica Albanes, Mª del Mar López-Martín, and Carmen Aguayo-Arriagada. "How Do Future Elementary School Teachers Deal With Students’ Mistakes in Probability Assignments About Fair Play?" In Bridging the Gap: Empowering and Educating Today’s Learners in Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/iase.icots11.t6d2.
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An aspect of interest in teacher training is the development of knowledge and skills that allow organizing teaching and the proposal of actions to overcome the difficulties encountered by students. The non-reversibility of random phenomena, the determination of the sampling space and the different meanings associated with probability, among others, generate certain biases that hinder the acquisition of adequate probabilistic reasoning. In this paper we propose to explore and characterize the ways of action of future primary education teachers when facing situations in which the mistakes of fictional students are addressed in front of an equitable play task. Un aspecto de interés en la formación docente es el desarrollo de conocimientos y competencias que permitan organizar la enseñanza y la propuesta de acciones para superar las dificultades que encuentran los estudiantes. La no reversibilidad de los fenómenos aleatorios, la determinación del espacio muestral y los distintos significados asociados a la probabilidad, entre otros, generan ciertos sesgos que dificultan la adquisición de un adecuado razonamiento probabilístico. En el presente trabajo nos proponemos explorar y caracterizar las formas de actuación de futuros profesores de Educación Primaria al enfrentarse a situaciones en las que se abordan los errores de estudiantes ficticios frente a una tarea de juego equitativo.
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Ho Schar, Cathi. "Toward Public Sector Practice." In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.55.
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In 2016, the University of Hawaii at Manoa School of Architecture established the University of Hawaii Community Design Center (UHCDC), working in close collaboration with a state legislator to meet the needs of the state government. This unique governmental alignment introduced a novel form of community design that opened up new academic and extramural space for the school and university, taking the form of a top-down public sector practice as distinct from its more common, bottom-up public interest alternative. This paper presents the results of three years of continuous dialogue with the state legislature and over $2 million in contracts with state agencies, by reflecting on the transformative effects of public sector practice on design pedagogy. This reflection follows three case study courses: an undergraduate basic design studio; an undergraduate concentration design studio; and an advanced professional practice course, all required within Hawaii’s undergraduate and graduate curricula. Each case study lists learning, teaching, and long term benefits that flowed from each public sector partnership, focusing on the potential of this model to strengthen and enrich professional education. The evolution of these courses maps the transition from working on projects to working on systems, also a move toward applying equitable academic and design rigor to marginalized project typologies—e.g. utility buildings, infrastructure, renovation, and repair and maintenance. In addition, UHCDC’s contract work represents an expanded field of practice, including social science research, service and strategy design, community engagement, information design, engineering, and development studies, demonstrating the broader disciplinary demands of the public sector. More importantly, the significant dividends from this three year-old public sector practice identifies an opportunity area for architectural education and practice—design in government.
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Robinson, Kevin, and Justin Reich. "Playing with and Creating Practice Spaces for Equitable Teaching." In SIGCSE '18: The 49th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3159450.3162376.
Full textReports on the topic "Equitable space"
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Hemmersam, Peter, Håvard Breivik-Khan, Morgan Ip, and Tone Selmer-Olsen. The Role of Urban Public Spaces in Managing Displacement in Norway. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.041.
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Refugees, temporarily displaced people, and migrants who arrive in Norwegian cities would benefit from equitable access to urban public spaces. Research suggests that the design and management of public urban spaces and local neighbourhood centres can improve migrants’ wellbeing and encourage local cross-cultural interactions. Permanent architectural and urban spaces planned and built for emergency purposes should benefit people who are displaced as well as host communities. To achieve this, urban planning, and migration and displacement management – two mostly separate fields of governance – should collaborate and learn from each other.
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Alarcón, Lía, Patricia Alata, Mariana Alegre, Tamara Egger, Rosario Fassina, Analía Hanono, Carolina Huffmann, Lucía Nogales, and Carolina Piedrafita. Citizen-Led Urbanism in Latin America: Superbook of civic actions for transforming cities. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004582.
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This is a publication about citizen-led urbanism processes in Latin America. It follows the recent life of a movement originating from, and driven by and for citizens, who out of a compelling love for their cities, have brought together actors from all fields to co-create new, more inclusive and equitable public space models. By using tools such as innovation, creativity and co-responsible solidarity, citizen-led urbanism has been able to complement the traditional approaches to urban planning and city governance. This publication also invites us to move from the theory and concepts that provide the rationale for citizen-led urbanism to the actual practical experiences which are helping to shape it and consolidate it as a regional movement. It thus takes us on a journey through successful projects developed in different places and contexts of Latin America and looks at the experience of the first urban innovation labs, as a means to consider the paths that may lead to new horizons of an inclusive future, in view of the challenges, both known and yet to be known, of the first half of the 21st century. In less than one decade, with their impressive diversity and vigorous urban activity, members of the citizen-led urbanism movement have brought about changes in the streets, neighborhoods and cities where they live: changes in the way of thinking of authorities and fellow citizens; changes in public policies, which have an impact not only on the urban landscape, but also on how we relate to each other through our relationship with what we call “the urban” and with ecosystems, with our individual needs and with the urgency of organizing ourselves collectively to identify solutions for the common good. This is why this book became a superbook, i.e., an extensive compilation about a fabulous collective adventure, undertaken by thousands of people whose common denominator is creativity and their will to think and do things differently. We hope it may serve as an inspiration to its readers so that they, too, may take a leading role in this story.
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Bergsen, Pepijn, Leah Downey, Max Krahé, Hans Kundnani, Manuela Moschella, and Quinn Slobodian. The economic basis of democracy in Europe: structural economic change, inequality and the depoliticization of economic policymaking. Royal Institute of International Affairs, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135362.
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- To understand contemporary challenges to European democracy, it is crucial to look beyond the surface of politics and consider the deeper relationship between democracy and the economy. Instead of focusing exclusively on the rise of ‘populism’, it is necessary to acknowledge the multiplicity of threats to European democracy, in particular those arising from the structure of European economies and economic policymaking. - Understanding these weaknesses in the functioning of European democracies is crucial to an effective approach to future economic transformations, in particular the green transition, but also for dealing effectively and equitably with challenges such as higher inflation. It is important that the relevant policy changes and responses are democratically legitimate and do not foster the kind of political backlash that previous economic transformations did. - Over the past 40 years, economic inequality – ranging from income inequality to discrepancies in wealth and economic security – has widened throughout developed economies. In turn, these developments have generated increasing political inequality, as economic policymaking has served the interests of the well-off. - Democratic systems have also been made less responsive to electorates through the ‘depoliticization’ of policymaking, in particular economic policy, as a result of its insulation from national-level democratic scrutiny. The expansion of technocratic modes of governance – notably through independent central banks and EU-level institutions – has in many cases entrenched the policy preferences of specific groups in institutions removed from direct democratic control. - As this depoliticization has to a large extent made democratic contestation over economic policy redundant, politics has increasingly been polarized around ‘cultural’ questions. But such a focus on culture is unlikely to address the inequalities behind the dysfunction of democracies in Europe. - Strengthening European democracy requires a ‘repoliticization’ of economic policymaking, including both fiscal and monetary policymaking. In the specific context of the EU, this would mean opening up more policy space for national decision-makers and parliaments – in particular by giving them a more influential role in fiscal policy, and by making monetary policy more democratic.
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van den Boogaard, Vanessa, Wilson Prichard, Rachel Beach, and Fariya Mohiuddin. Strengthening Tax-Accountability Links: Fiscal Transparency and Taxpayer Engagement in Ghana and Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.002.
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There is increasingly strong evidence that taxation can contribute to expanded government responsiveness and accountability. However, such positive connections are not guaranteed. Rather, they are shaped by the political and economic context and specific policies adopted by governments and civil society actors. Without an environment that enables tax bargaining, there is a risk that taxation will amount to little more than forceful extraction. We consider how such enabling environments may be fostered through two mixed methods case studies of tax transparency and taxpayer engagement in Sierra Leone and Ghana. We highlight two key sets of findings. First, tax transparency is only meaningful if it is accessible and easily understood by taxpayers and relates to their everyday experiences and priorities. In particular, we find that taxpayers do not just want basic information about tax obligations or aggregate revenue collected, but information about how much revenue should have been collected and how revenues were spent. At the same time, taxpayers do not want information to be shared with them through a one-way form of communication, but rather want to have spaces for dialogue and interaction with tax and government officials, including through public meetings and radio call-in programmes. Second, strategies to encourage taxpayer engagement are more likely to be effective where forums for engagement are perceived by taxpayers to be safe, secure, and sincere means through which to engage with government officials. This has been most successful where governments have visibly demonstrated responsiveness to citizen concerns, even on a small scale, while partnering with civil society to foster trust, dialogue and expanded knowledge. These findings have significant implications for how governments design taxpayer education and engagement programmes and how civil society actors and development partners can support more equitable and accountable tax systems. Our findings provide concrete lessons for how governments can ensure that information shared with taxpayers is meaningful and accessible. Moreover, we show that civil society actors can play important roles as translators of tax information, enablers of public forums and dialogues around tax issues, and trainers of taxpayers, supporting greater tax literacy and sustained citizen engagement.
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Land Pooling in South Asia: Lessons Learned for Equitable, Participatory, and Inclusive Urban Expansion. Asian Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210539-2.
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Trust between stakeholders is a prerequisite to enable the governments to scale it up for land development and urban expansion. The case study provides recommendations on policy frameworks, implementation of land pooling processes, and entry points for those donors that are active in the urban space.
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GIRL Center Roadmap to 2030. Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1031.
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Today’s rising generation of 1.3 billion adolescents are tomorrow’s future. Yet, adolescent girls fare worse than boys in many ways, including education and experiences with violence. Furthermore, the implications of key experiences for girls in adolescence—school dropout, early marriage, motherhood, sexual and gender-based violence—are irreversible. The GIRL Center Roadmap to 2030 outlines the strategy of the Population Council’s GIRL Center—generating and communicating evidence, convening experts, and nurturing talent. Undertaking a girl-centered, evidence-driven, intersectional, and innovative approach that is grounded in low- and middle-income countries, the GIRL Center focuses on: intergenerational poverty and gender inequity; adolescents and the digital space; adolescents in humanitarian settings; adolescent sexual and reproductive health; adolescent economic empowerment; and adolescents and climate. These focus areas aim to advance the GIRL Center’s vision of a gender-equitable world where girls and boys make a healthy and safe transition into adulthood and reach their full potential.