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Academic literature on the topic 'Equatorial waves'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Equatorial waves"

1

Grise, Kevin M., and David W. J. Thompson. "Equatorial Planetary Waves and Their Signature in Atmospheric Variability." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 3 (March 1, 2012): 857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0123.1.

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Abstract Equatorial planetary waves are a fundamental component of the tropical climate system. Previous studies have examined their structure in the climatological-mean circulation, their role in the climatological-mean momentum balance of the tropics, and their contribution to the climatological-mean upwelling across the tropical tropopause. In this study, the authors focus on the contribution of the equatorial planetary waves to variability in the tropical circulation about its climatological-mean state. The equatorial planetary waves that dominate the climatological mean exhibit considerable variability on intraseasonal and interannual time scales. Variability in the amplitude of the equatorial planetary waves is associated with a distinct pattern of equatorially symmetric climate variability that also emerges from empirical orthogonal function analysis of various tropical dynamical fields. Variability in the equatorial planetary waves is characterized by variations in 1) convection in the deep tropics, 2) eddy momentum flux convergence and zonal-mean zonal wind in the tropical upper troposphere, 3) the mean meridional circulation of the tropical and subtropical troposphere, 4) temperatures in the tropical lower stratosphere and subtropical troposphere of both hemispheres, and 5) the amplitude of the upper tropospheric anticyclones over the western tropical Pacific Ocean. It is argued that pulsation of the equatorial planetary waves provides an alternative framework for interpreting the response of the tropical circulation to a range of climate phenomena. Pulsation of the equatorial planetary waves is apparent in association with opposing phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and select phases of the Madden–Julian oscillation. Pulsation of the equatorial planetary waves also contributes to variability in measures of the width of the tropical belt.

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2

Zhang, K. "On equatorially trapped boundary inertial waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 248 (March 1993): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093000746.

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Solutions of the Poincaré equation describing equatorially trapped three-dimensional boundary travelling waves in rotating spherical systems are discussed. It is shown that the combined effects of Coriolis forces and spherical curvature enable the equatorial region to form an equatorial waveguide tube with characteristic latitudinal radius (2/m)1/2 and radial radius (1/m), where m is azimuthal wavenumber. Inertial waves with sufficiently simple structure along the axis of rotation and sufficiently small azimuthal wavelength must be trapped in the equatorial waveguide tube. The structure and frequency of the inertial waves are thus hardly affected by the presence of an inner sphere or by the condition of higher latitudes. Further calculations on rotating spherical fluid shells of finite internal viscosity and stressfree boundaries are also discussed.

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3

Durland, Theodore S., Roger M. Samelson, Dudley B. Chelton, and Roland A. de Szoeke. "Modification of Long Equatorial Rossby Wave Phase Speeds by Zonal Currents." Journal of Physical Oceanography 41, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1077–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jpo4503.1.

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Abstract Previously unaddressed aspects of how equatorial currents affect long Rossby wave phase speeds are investigated using solutions of the shallow-water equations linearized about quasi-realistic currents. Modification of the background potential vorticity (PV) gradient by curvature in the narrow equatorial currents is shown to play a role comparable to the Doppler shift emphasized by previous authors. The important variables are the meridional projections of mean-current features onto relevant aspects of the wave field. As previously shown, Doppler shifting of long Rossby waves is determined by the projection of the mean currents onto the wave’s squared zonal-velocity and pressure fields. PV-gradient modification matters only to the extent that it projects onto the wave field’s squared meridional velocity. Because the zeros of an equatorial wave’s meridional velocity are staggered relative to those of the zonal velocity and pressure, and because the meridional scales of the equatorial currents are similar to those of the low-mode Rossby waves, different parts of the current system dominate the advective and PV-gradient modification effects on a single mode. Since the equatorial symmetry of classical equatorial waves alternates between symmetric and antisymmetric with increasing meridional mode number, the currents produce opposite effects on adjacent modes. Meridional mode 1 is slowed primarily by a combination of eastward advection by the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and the PV-gradient decrease at the peaks of the South Equatorial Current (SEC). The mode-2 phase speed, in contrast, is increased primarily by a combination of westward advection by the SEC and the PV-gradient increase at the core of the EUC. Perturbation solutions are carried to second order in ε, the Rossby number of the mean current, and it is shown that this is necessary to capture the full effect of quasi-realistic current systems, which are asymmetric about the equator. Equatorially symmetric components of the current system affect the phase speed at O(ε), but antisymmetric components of the currents and distortions of the wave structures by the currents do not influence the phase speed until O(ε2).

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McGregor, Shayne, Neil J. Holbrook, and Scott B. Power. "Interdecadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Part II: The Role of Equatorial/Off-Equatorial Wind Stresses in a Hybrid Coupled Model." Journal of Climate 21, no. 17 (September 1, 2008): 4242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli2057.1.

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Abstract Many modeling studies have been carried out to investigate the role of oceanic Rossby waves linking the off-equatorial and equatorial Pacific Ocean. Although the equatorial ocean response to off-equatorial wind stress forcing alone tends to be relatively small, it is clear that off-equatorial oceanic Rossby waves affect equatorial Pacific Ocean variability on interannual through to interdecadal time scales. In the present study, a hybrid coupled model (HCM) of the equatorial Pacific (between 12.5°S and 12.5°N) was developed and is used to estimate the magnitude of equatorial region variability arising from off-equatorial (poleward of 12.5° latitude) wind stress forcing. The HCM utilizes a reduced-gravity ocean shallow-water model and a statistical atmosphere derived from monthly output from a 100-yr Australian Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (now the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research) coupled general circulation model integration. The equatorial region wind stress forcing is found to dominate both the interannual and interdecadal SST variability. The equatorial response to off-equatorial wind stress forcing alone is insufficient to initiate an atmospheric feedback that significantly amplifies the original equatorial region variability. Consequently, the predictability of equatorial region SST anomalies (SSTAs) could be limited to ∼1 yr (the maximum time it takes an oceanic Rossby wave to cross the Pacific Ocean basin in the equatorial region). However, the results also suggest that the addition of off-equatorial wind stress forcing to the HCM leads to variations in equatorial Pacific background SSTA of up to almost one standard deviation. This off-equatorially forced portion of the equatorial SSTA could prove critical for thresholds of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) because they can constructively interfere with equatorially forced SSTA of the same sign to produce significant equatorial region ENSO anomalies.

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Kinoshita, Takenari, and Kaoru Sato. "A Formulation of Three-Dimensional Residual Mean Flow and Wave Activity Flux Applicable to Equatorial Waves." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, no. 9 (August 28, 2014): 3427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0161.1.

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Abstract The large-scale waves that are known to be trapped around the equator are called equatorial waves. The equatorial waves cause mean zonal wind acceleration related to quasi-biennial and semiannual oscillations. The interaction between equatorial waves and the mean wind has been studied by using the transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) equations in the meridional cross section. However, to examine the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the interaction, the 3D residual mean flow and wave activity flux for the equatorial waves are needed. The 3D residual mean flow is expressed as the sum of the Eulerian mean flow and Stokes drift. The present study derives a formula that is approximately equal to the 3D Stokes drift for equatorial waves on the equatorial beta plane (EQSD). The 3D wave activity flux for equatorial waves whose divergence corresponds to the wave forcing is also derived using the EQSD. It is shown that the meridionally integrated 3D wave activity flux for equatorial waves is proportional to the group velocity of equatorial waves.

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6

Jouanno, Julien, Frédéric Marin, Yves du Penhoat, and Jean-Marc Molines. "Intraseasonal Modulation of the Surface Cooling in the Gulf of Guinea." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 382–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-053.1.

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Abstract A regional numerical model of the tropical Atlantic Ocean and observations are analyzed to investigate the intraseasonal fluctuations of the sea surface temperature at the equator in the Gulf of Guinea. Results indicate that the seasonal cooling in this region is significantly shaped by short-duration cooling events caused by wind-forced equatorial waves: mixed Rossby–gravity waves within the 12–20-day period band, inertia–gravity waves with periods below 11 days, and equatorially trapped Kelvin waves with periods between 25 and 40 days. In these different ranges of frequencies, it is shown that the wave-induced horizontal oscillations of the northern front of the mean cold tongue dominate the variations of mixed layer temperature near the equator. But the model mixed layer heat budget also shows that the equatorial waves make a significant contribution to the mixed layer heat budget through modulation of the turbulent cooling, especially above the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). The turbulent cooling variability is found to be mainly controlled by the intraseasonal modulation of the vertical shear in the upper ocean. This mechanism is maximum during periods of seasonal cooling, especially in boreal summer, when the surface South Equatorial Current is strongest and between 2°S and the equator, where the presence of the EUC provides a background vertical shear in the upper ocean. It applies for the three types of intraseasonal waves. Inertia–gravity waves also modulate the turbulent heat flux at the equator through vertical displacement of the core of the EUC in response to equatorial divergence and convergence.

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Back, Amanda, and Joseph A. Biello. "Effect of Overturning Circulation on Long Equatorial Waves: A Low-Frequency Cutoff." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 5 (May 2018): 1721–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-17-0173.1.

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Zonally long tropical waves in the presence of a large-scale meridional and vertical overturning circulation are studied in an idealized model based on the intraseasonal multiscale moist dynamics (IMMD) theory. The model consists of a system of shallow-water equations describing barotropic and first baroclinic vertical modes coupled to one another by the zonally symmetric, time-independent background circulation. To isolate the effects of the meridional circulation alone, an idealized background flow is chosen to mimic the meridional and vertical components of the flow of the Hadley cell; the background flow meridionally converges and rises at the equator. The resulting linear eigenvalue problem is a generalization of the long-wave-scaled version of Matsuno’s equatorial wave problem with the addition of meridional and vertical advection. The results demonstrate that the meridional circulation couples equatorially trapped baroclinic Rossby waves to planetary, barotropic free Rossby waves. The meridional circulation also causes the Kelvin wave to develop an equatorially trapped barotropic component, imparting a westward-tilted vertical structure to the wave. The total energy of the linear system is positive definite, so all waves are shown to be neutrally stable. A critical layer exists at latitudes where the meridional background flow vanishes, resulting in a minimum frequency cutoff for physically feasible waves. Therefore, linear Matsuno waves with periods longer than the vertical transport time of the meridional circulation do not exist in the equatorial waveguide. This implies a low-frequency cutoff for long equatorial waves.

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CHAO, Winston C. "Chimeric Equatorial Waves as a Better Descriptor for “Convectively-Coupled Equatorial Waves”." Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan 85, no. 4 (2007): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.85.521.

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Zhou, Cheng, and John P. Boyd. "Cross-equatorial structures of equatorially trapped nonlinear Rossby waves." Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans 64 (November 2013): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2013.08.001.

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Grise, Kevin M., and David W. J. Thompson. "On the Signatures of Equatorial and Extratropical Wave Forcing in Tropical Tropopause Layer Temperatures." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 1084–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-0163.1.

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Abstract Temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) play an important role in stratosphere–troposphere exchange and in the formation and maintenance of thin cirrus clouds. Many previous studies have examined the contributions of extratropical and equatorial waves to the TTL using coarse-vertical-resolution satellite and reanalysis data. In this study, the authors provide new insight into the role of extratropical and equatorial waves in the TTL using high-vertical-resolution GPS radio occultation data. The results examine the influence of four different wave forcings on the TTL: extratropical waves that propagate vertically into the stratosphere, extratropical waves that propagate meridionally into the subtropical stratosphere, extratropical waves that propagate meridionally into the subtropical troposphere, and the equatorial planetary waves. The vertically and meridionally propagating extratropical stratospheric waves are associated with deep, zonally symmetric temperature anomalies that extend and amplify with height throughout the lower-to-middle tropical stratosphere. In contrast, the extratropical tropospheric waves and the equatorial planetary waves are associated with tropical temperature anomalies that are confined below 20-km altitude. The equatorial planetary waves dominate the zonally asymmetric component of the TTL temperature field, and both the equatorial planetary waves and the extratropical tropospheric waves are linked to large temperature variability in a 1–2-km-deep layer near the tropical tropopause. The fine vertical scale of the TTL temperature features associated with the equatorial planetary waves and the extratropical tropospheric waves is only readily apparent in high-vertical-resolution data.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equatorial waves"

1

King, B. A. "Loquency waves in equatorial oceans." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373656.

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Li, Xiaoqing. "Equatorial waves in planetary atmospheres." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335062.

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Proehl, Jeffrey A. "Equatorial wave-mean flow interaction : the long Rossby waves /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10960.

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Pezzi, Luciano Ponzi. "Equatorial Pacific dynamics : lateral mixing and tropical instability waves." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274585.

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Blumenthal, Martin Benno. "Interpretation of equatorial current meter data as internal waves." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51460.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1987.
Bibliography: v. 2, leaves 376-381.
by Martin Benno Blumenthal.
Ph.D.

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6

Yu, Xuri. "Dynamics of seasonal and interannual variability in the equatorial Pacific." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11065.

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Drysdale, Euain Fraser. "Modelling of equatorial wave motions in the middle atmosphere." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9ae75869-a15b-465e-af64-c608cca8b34c.

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A three-dimensional mechanistic model of the middle atmosphere is used to model various classes of equatorial wave motions that are observed in the atmosphere. These waves are thought to be largely responsible for the forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tropical lower stratosphere. By generating a combination of different classes of equatorial waves in the model, an oscillation which has many similarities to the observed QBO is produced in the model. The numerical model used is run in a variety of configurations, including running it at different vertical resolutions and with two different radiation parameterisation schemes. It is found that model used in the project must be modified to allow the accurate modelling of equatorial waves. Several modelling problems are encountered while applying the modifications necessary in the model; the steps necessary to rectify these problems are detailed in this thesis. Equatorial waves are then forced in this modified model under a range of conditions and their interaction with the mean flow is observed. Their dissipation mechanisms and the influence of changes in model conditions on these waves are investigated. The model is found to be generally very successful in modelling these equatorial waves. Modelling of the QBO is one of the principle aims of this project and a QBO is successfully generated in a variety of model configurations. The modelled QBO is found to be sensitive to changes in the temperature structure of the model (brought about by changes in the model's radiation scheme) and several experiments are performed in order to learn what processes affect this sensitivity. A QBO is then generated in series of model runs where the state of the model is varied from very idealised (where temperatures in the model are relaxed towards an isothermal state by the radiation scheme) to a state that is far more realistic (a perpetual January run with realistic boundary information). A fairly realistic QBO is generated throughout many of the experiments. The properties of this QBO are investigated and compared to the observed QBO. The model is then run with planetary waves forced in addition to the QBO. The interaction between the planetary waves and the QBO is investigated. It is found that the planetary waves have little effect on the QBO propagation. The QBO however has a fairly strong modulating effect on the planetary waves in certain regions.

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Soares, Jacyra Ramos. "On the reflection of the equatorial waves at eastern ocean boundaries." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239653.

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Andersen, Joseph. "Investigations of the Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves and the Madden-Julian Oscillation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10438.

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The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves (CCEW) are coherent structures of convection and various large-scale fields. These phenomena are not well understood, despite their importance to the tropical climate. A toy model of the CCEW consisting of a pair of shallow water wave modes coupled by a simple convective parameterization is considered. The linear behavior of the system is analyzed, showing a growth spectrum that is similar to the spectrum that is observed. To explore the processes involved in propagation and maintenance of the MJO disturbance, we analyze the MSE budget of the disturbance within a numerical model. In an idealized experiment, the column-integrated long-wave heating is the only significant source of column-integrated MSE acting to maintain the MJO-like anomaly balanced against the combination of column-integrated horizontal and vertical advection of MSE and Latent Heat Flux. Eastward propagation of the MJO-like disturbance is associated with MSE generated by both column-integrated horizontal and vertical advection of MSE, with the column long-wave heating generating MSE that retards the propagation. The contribution to the eastward propagation by the column-integrated horizontal advection term is dominated by meridional advection of MSE by anomalous synoptic eddies caused by the suppression of eddy activity ahead of the MJO convection. This suppression is linked to the barotropic conversion mechanism; with the gradients of the low frequency wind experienced by the synoptic eddies within the MJO envelope acting to modulate the Eddy Kinetic Energy. The meridional eddy advection’s contribution to poleward propagation is dominated by the mean state’s (meridionally varying) eddy activity acting on the anomalous MSE gradients associated with the MJO. In a follow-up experiment, the variations in the propagation speed of MJO with variations in the imposed SST distribution are seen to be driven by the variations in meridional advection of the mean MSE profile by the MJO-related winds, which are in turn dominated by the variations in the mean MSE profile due to the variations of the SST. A brief investigation of the MSE budget for a more realistic case shows an increase in the MSE sink due to meridional advection as the MJO progresses from genesis over the Indian Ocean to decay in the central Pacific. The increase in this sink appears to be the cause of MJO’s demise.
Physics

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Aveiro, Henrique Carlotto. "Electric and magnetic field signatures of gravity waves and 2-day planetary waves in the equatorial E-region." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2009. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m18@80/2008/12.16.11.31.

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Observações do eletrojato equatorial (EEJ) utilizando radares VHF mostram ecos retro-espalhados em dois tipos de irregularidades de densidade eletrônica, explicadas pelas instabilidades de dois-feixes modificada (ecos Tipo I) e deriva de gradiente (ecos Tipo II). Das velocidades das irregularidades Tipo II obtidas de dados de radar, inferimos os campos elétricos verticais (E_z). A análise harmônica de tais campos mostra a presença de campos elétricos induzidos por ondas de gravidade (GW) no EEJ. Calculamos a razão entre os campos elétricos relacionados a GW e o campo elétrico vertical total. Este fator é um indicador da eficiência na produção de um campo elétrico causado por um vento neutro devido a uma onda de gravidade. Também, analisamos os efeitos da atividade da onda planetária de 2 dias no EEJ utilizando um radar coerente e oito magnetômetros instalados próximos ao equador magnético. A análise de wavelets dos dados de magnetômetros revela uma assinatura de 2 dias na maré semidiurna geomagnética. O campo elétrico ionosférico zonal da região E, derivado de medidas de radar coerente, mostra oscilações de 2 dias, em acordo com tais observações nos dados de magnetômetros. Uma anti-correlação entre as periodicidades de marés (diurna e semi-diurna) e a assinatura de dois dias é também mostrada nos campos elétricos. Os resultados são comparados com observações simultâneas de ondas planetárias de dois dias nos ventos meridionais e ionossondas disponíveis na literatura. Finalmente, nossos resultados são discutidos com base na análise da atividade magnética do período.
Equatorial electrojet (EEJ) observations using VHF radars show backscattered echoes from two types of electron density irregularities explained by the modified two-stream (Type I) and the gradient drift (Type 11) instabilities. From the Type II irregularity velocities obtained by radar data we have inferred the vertical electric fields (E_z). The harmonic analysis of such fields shows the presence of gravity waves-induced electric fields in the EEJ. We calculated the ratio between GW-related electric fields and the total E_z. This factor is an indicator of the efficiency in the production of an additional electric field due to a gravity wave neutral wind. Also, we analyze the effects of the 2-day wave activity in the EEJ using one coherent radar and eight magnetometer stations located dose to the dip equator. The wavelet analysis of the magnetometer data reveals a 2-day signature in the semidiurnal geomagnetic tide. The E-region zonal background ionospheric electric field derived from coherent radar measurements shows 2-day oscillations in agreement with such oscillations in the magnetometer data set. An anticorrelation between the tidal periodicites (diurnal, and semidiurnal) and the 2-day signature is also shown in the electric fields. The results are compared with simultaneous observations of 2-day planetary wave in meridional winds and ionosondes available in the literature. Our results are discussed based on the analysis of the magnetic activity.

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Books on the topic "Equatorial waves"

1

Blumenthal, Martin Benno. Interpretation of equatorial current meter data as internal waves. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution [1987], 1987.

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2

Tsing-Chang, Chen, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Equatorial waves simulated by the NCAR community climate model: Technical report. Ames, Iowa: Atmospheric Sciences Program, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Iowa State University, 1988.

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R, Coley William, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Investigation of the role of gravity waves in the generation of equatorial bubbles. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Alexander, M. J. A model study of zonal forcing in the equatorial stratosphere by convectively induced gravity waves. [Boston]: American Meteorological Society, 1997.

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Sitler, Todd William. An observational study of long waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the 1991-1993 El Niño. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1994.

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6

International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves (31th 2006 Shanghai, China). IRMMW-THz 2006: Conference digest of the 2006 joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics : Sept. 18-22, 2006, Hotel Equatorial Shanghai, Shanghai, China. Edited by Shen S. C and International Conference on Terahertz Electronics (14th : 2006 : Shanghai, China). New York City, NY: IEEE, 2006.

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International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves (31th 2006 Shanghai, China). IRMMW-THz 2006: Conference digest of the 2006 joint 31st International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves and 14th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics : Sept. 18-22, 2006, Hotel Equatorial Shanghai, Shanghai, China. Edited by Shen S. C and International Conference on Terahertz Electronics (14th : 2006 : Shanghai, China). New York City, NY: IEEE, 2006.

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8

Brady, Esther C. Observations of wave-mean flow interaction in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990.

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Brady, Esther C. Observations of wave-mean flow interaction in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1990.

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Boyd, John P. Dynamics of the Equatorial Ocean. Springer, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Equatorial waves"

1

McCreary, Julian P., and Satish R. Shetye. "Equatorial Waves." In Observations and Dynamics of Circulations in the North Indian Ocean, 231–50. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5864-9_8.

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Boyd, John P. "Nonlinear Equatorial Waves." In Dynamics of the Equatorial Ocean, 329–404. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55476-0_16.

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Pedlosky, Joseph. "Equatorial Beta-Plane and Equatorial Waves." In Waves in the Ocean and Atmosphere, 193–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05131-3_18.

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Boyd, John P. "Kelvin, Yanai, Rossby and Gravity Waves." In Dynamics of the Equatorial Ocean, 35–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55476-0_3.

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Boyd, John P. "Stable Linearized Waves in a Shear Flow." In Dynamics of the Equatorial Ocean, 273–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55476-0_12.

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Boyd, John P. "Waves and Beams in the Continuously Stratified Ocean." In Dynamics of the Equatorial Ocean, 249–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55476-0_11.

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Boyd, John P. "The Equator as Wall: Coastally Trapped Waves and Ray-Tracing." In Dynamics of the Equatorial Ocean, 87–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55476-0_5.

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Khouider, Boualem. "Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves in the Multicloud Model." In Mathematics of Planet Earth, 117–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17775-1_7.

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Paldor, Nathan. "Waves in a Channel on the Equatorial β-Plane." In Shallow Water Waves on the Rotating Earth, 29–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20261-7_3.

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Paldor, Nathan. "Planetary and Inertia-Gravity Waves in an Equatorial Channel on a Sphere." In Shallow Water Waves on the Rotating Earth, 35–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20261-7_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Equatorial waves"

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Takahashi, H., J. Fechine, D. Gobbi, M. A. Abdu, I. S. Batista, P. P. Batista, B. R. Clemesha, et al. "Ultra Fast Kelvin waves in the equatorial upper atmosphere." In 10th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF 2007, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 19-23 November 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2007-422.

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Takahashi, H., J. Fechine, D. Gobbi, M. A. Abdu, I. S. Batista, P. P. Batista, B. R. Clemesha, et al. "Ultra Fast Kelvin waves in the equatorial upper atmosphere." In 10th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.172.sbgf0421_07.

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Maltseva, Olga, and Tatyana Nikitenko. "Response of the Equatorial Ionosphere to Disturbances in April 2022." In 2023 Radiation and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves (RSEMW). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsemw58451.2023.10201979.

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Takahashi, K., Y. Oda, R. Ikeda, M. Terakado, G. Abe, M. Isozaki, T. Kobayashi, S. Moriyama, K. Kajiwara, and K. Sakamoto. "Development of MW gyrotrons and equatorial launcher for ITER." In 2017 42nd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2017.8067249.

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Takahashi, H., R. A. Buriti, D. Gobbi, and P. P. Batista. "Upper Atmosphere Planetary Waves Observed By Airglow In The Equatorial Region." In 6th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.215.sbgf148.

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Kafando, P., F. Chane-Ming, M. Petitdidier, Beverly Karplus Hartline, Renee K. Horton, and Catherine M. Kaicher. "Gravity Waves Activity in Tropical and Equatorial Africa: Climatology and Sources (abstract)." In WOMEN IN PHYSICS: Third IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3137831.

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Mawarti, Munifah Nur, Sandro W. Lubis, Sonni Setiawan, and Fadhlil R. Muhammad. "On the interpretation of EOF analysis of the convectively coupled equatorial waves." In Sixth International Symposium on LAPAN-IPB Satellite, edited by Tien Dat Pham, Kasturi D. Kanniah, Kohei Arai, Gay Jane P. Perez, Yudi Setiawan, Lilik B. Prasetyo, and Yuji Murayama. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2541531.

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Fukunari, M., K. Takahashi, Y. Oda, K. Kajiwara, K. Sakamoto, T. Omori, and M. Henderson. "Low power test of the ITER electron cyclotron equatorial launcher mock-up." In 2013 38th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2013.6665681.

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Kajiwara, K., G. Abe, N. Kobayashi, R. Ikeda, Y. Oda, T. Kobayashi, and K. Takahashi. "Design of the Optical Components in the ITER Equatorial EC H& CD Launcher." In 2018 43rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2018). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2018.8509981.

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Grigoryan, Levon Sh, Hrant F. Khachatryan, Svetlana R. Arzumanyan, and Mher L. Grigoryan. "Microwave radiation from a particle revolving along a shifted equatorial orbit about a dielectric ball." In 2010 35th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimw.2010.5612501.

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Reports on the topic "Equatorial waves"

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Koons, H. C., J. L. Roeder, and P. Rodriguez. Plasma Waves Observed Inside Plasma Bubbles in the Equatorial F Region. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada342736.

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D.-H.Lee, J. R. Johnson, K. Kim and K. S. Kim. Effects of Heavy Ions on ULF Wave Resonances Near the Equatorial Region. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/941505.

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Tsunoda, Roland T. Study of Large-Scale Wave Structure and Development of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Using the C/NOFS Satellite. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada583486.

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