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Journal articles on the topic 'Equatorial aeronomy'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Mendillo, Michael, Bosheng Lin, and Jules Aarons. "The application of GPS observations to equatorial aeronomy." Radio Science 35, no. 3 (May 2000): 885–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999rs002208.

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2

Woodman, R. F. "Spread F – an old equatorial aeronomy problem finally resolved?" Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 5 (May 4, 2009): 1915–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1915-2009.

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Abstract. One of the oldest scientific topics in Equatorial Aeronomy is related to Spread-F. It includes all our efforts to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the existence of ionospheric F-region irregularities, the spread of the traces in a night-time equatorial ionogram – hence its name – and all other manifestations of the same. It was observed for the first time as an abnormal ionogram in Huancayo, about 70 years ago. But only recently are we coming to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for its occurrence and its capricious day to day variability. Several additional techniques have been used to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of the F-region irregularities responsible for the phenomenon. Among them we have, in chronological order, radio star scintillations, trans-equatorial radio propagation, satellite scintillations, radar backscatter, satellite and rocket in situ measurements, airglow, total electron content techniques using the propagation of satellite radio signals and, recently, radar imaging techniques. Theoretical efforts are as old as the observations. Nevertheless, 32 years after their discovery, Jicamarca radar observations showed that none of the theories that had been put forward could explain them completely. The observations showed that irregularities were detected at altitudes that were stable according to the mechanisms proposed. A breakthrough came a few years later, again from Jicamarca, by showing that some of the "stable" regions had become unstable by the non-linear propagation of the irregularities from the unstable to the stable region of the ionosphere in the form of bubbles of low density plasma. A problem remained, however; the primary instability mechanism proposed, an extended (generalized) Rayleigh-Taylor instability, was too slow to explain the rapid development seen by the observations. Gravity waves in the neutral background have been proposed as a seeding mechanism to form irregularities from which the instability would grow, but the former are difficult to observe as a controlling parameter. Their actual role still needs to be determined. More recently, radar observations again have shown the existence of horizontal plasma drift velocities counter streaming the neutral wind at the steep bottom of the F-region which produces a fast growing instability from which a generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability can grow. The mechanisms proposed would explain the rapid development of the large and medium scale irregularities that have been observed, including some seen only by radars. Nevertheless, a proper quantitative theoretical mechanism that would explain how these irregularities break into the very important meter scale ones, responsible for the radar echoes, needs to be developed. This paper makes a selective historical review of the observations and proposed theories since the phenomenon was discovered to our current understanding.

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3

Bhattacharyya, Archana, Jorge L. Chau, Clezio M. Denardini, David L. Hysell, Jonathan J. Makela, Kazuo Shiokawa, and Erhan Kudeki. "Recent advances in equatorial, low- and mid-latitude aeronomy." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 103 (October 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.017.

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4

Mendillo, Michael, Jeffrey Baumgardner, Marlene Colerico, and Daniel Nottingham. "Imaging science contributions to equatorial aeronomy: Initial results from the MISETA program." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 59, no. 13 (September 1997): 1587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(96)00158-7.

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5

Valladares, C. E., R. Sheehan, S. Basu, H. Kuenzler, and J. Espinoza. "The multi-instrumented studies of equatorial thermosphere aeronomy scintillation system: Climatology of zonal drifts." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 101, A12 (December 1, 1996): 26839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96ja00183.

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6

Sahai, Y., K. Shiokawa, and C. E. Valladares. "<i>Preface</i> "Equatorial and low latitude aeronomy"." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 9 (September 23, 2004): 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3085-2004.

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7

Joshi, D., K. Groves, and J. Retterer. "The dependence of the Irregularity Parameter Characterizing the Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities on the background Ionospheric Density." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 7, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v7i1.36967.

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The low-latitude ionosphere is characterized by large-scale instabilities in the post-sunset hours due to the distinct geometry of the earth’s magnetic field lines at the equator. The magnetic field lines are horizontal at the equator contributing to the high vertical drift velocity of the plasma bubbles growing from the bottomside of the ionospheric F-region. The phenomenon, commonly known as equatorial spread F, is an important problem in aeronomy as it can cause radio wave scintillation effects representing the most critical impacts of space weather on man-made technologies, such as satellite communications and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Here, we report results on the dependence of the peak heights of the irregularities at the magnetic equator, also called as apex-altitude, on solar flux by analyzing in-situ observations made on-board the Communications/Navigations Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite mission. Our analysis indicates the median of the peak-height distributions of the irregularities increases linearly from about 491 km at solar minimum to 737 km during solar maximum. The Physics-Based Model (PBMOD) has been used to confirm the space-based observational results and we find the field-line integrated conductivity is the key parameter which controls the peak-heights of the irregularities. In this investigation, we also seek to understand the possible dependence of the irregularity parameter characterizing the equatorial ionospheric irregularities on the background ionospheric density.

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8

Makela, J. J., and J. L. Chau. "<i>Preface</i>"The 11th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA-11), Taipei, May 2005"." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2006): 1279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1279-2006.

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9

SWARTZ, W., and J. CHAU. "Foreword to the special issue on papers presented at the Jicamarca 40th Anniversary Workshop40 years of equatorial aeronomy sparked by the Jicamarca radio observatory." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66, no. 17 (November 2004): 1519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(04)00225-1.

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10

Martinis, C., J. Baumgardner, S. M. Smith, M. Colerico, and M. Mendillo. "Imaging science at El Leoncito, Argentina." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2006): 1375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1375-2006.

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Abstract. Thermospheric and mesospheric structures are studied using an all-sky imager located at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8° S, 69.3° W, –18° mag lat). This site has relatively high geographic latitude for a location under the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), and thus observations can be used to study the intrusion of several equatorial processes into the midlatitude domain. In addition, it has a conjugate point close to the field of view of our companion imager at Arecibo, PR, allowing for the study of inter-hemispheric effects. Four types of phenomena were studied using 630.0 nm and 777.4 nm observations: (1) highly-structured airglow depletions associated with the Rayleigh-Taylor instability/equatorial spread-F (RTI/ESF) process, (2) brightness waves (BW) associated with the midnight temperature maximum (MTM), (3) strong airglow enhancements associated with the positive phase of ionospheric storms, and (4) simple (non-structured) bands of airglow depletions with characteristics matching a Perkins-like instability. Using 557.7 nm mesospheric observations, a fifth category of study deals with gravity waves probably generated by lower atmospheric disturbances, and mesospheric bores related to strong vertical temperature gradients. While ESF depletions and BW events are detected fairly frequently, the mid-latitude bands are not, and thus their successful imaging at El Leoncito offers the first example of the coupling from mid-latitudes to low-latitudes in the South American longitude sector. Preliminary results on these features are presented in this paper. Taken together, these five types of optical structures offer the opportunity to investigate coupling, both in altitude and latitude, of aeronomic processes at low latitudes in an under-sampled longitude sector in the Southern Hemisphere.

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11

"8th international symposium on equatorial aeronomy." COSPAR Information Bulletin 1990, no. 119 (December 1990): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-8732(90)90165-k.

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12

Hysell, D. L. "Planned Science and Scientific Discovery in Equatorial Aeronomy." Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 9 (April 14, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.883050.

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This paper discusses the relationship between planning and discovery in science using examples drawn from equatorial aeronomy in general and research at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory in particular. The examples reveal a pattern of discoveries taking place despite rather than because of careful planning.

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13

"Preface 12th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA-12)." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 8 (August 3, 2009): 2993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-2993-2009.

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14

Cueva, Ricardo Yvan de La Cruz, Cesar E. Valladares, Eurico Rodrigues de Paula, Mangalathayil Ali Abdu, Igo Paulino, Inez Staciarini Batista, Hisao Takahashi, and Jean Pierre Raulin. "LONGITUDINAL AND DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS OF EQUATORIAL SPREAD F OCCURRENCE FROM OBSERVATIONS OVER SOUTH AMERICA." Revista Brasileira de Geofísica 35, no. 1 (February 21, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v35i1.697.

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ABSTRACT. In this work we studied the longitudinal and day-to-day variability of equatorial spread F occurrence over South America. Digisonde from the equatorial stations of São Luís and Jicamarca, and Total Electron Content (TEC) data from several GPS receivers were used to analyse the ionospheric conditions conductive to ionospheric plasma irregularity generation during the solar minimum months of September 2009 to January 2010. To support this analysis an Automatic-Bubble- Detection-Algorithm was used to detect abrupt decreases that plasma bubbles introduce in the TEC values. The bubble occurrence pattern over SA observed in this work maximizes on September-October (equinox) in the west and November-January (December solstice) in the east-longitudes. However, on a day-to-day basis bubble signatures are also detected all over SA during this period. Besides being observed during days with pronounced prereversal enhancement (PRE), as expected, the TEC depletions were also observed during days without PRE, during equinox at Jicamarca and December solstice at São Luís. This unexpected occurrence of TEC depletions (TECds) suggests that seeding mechanisms, like periodic structures are present and modify the onset conditions of bubble-events. In this report are shown evidences of wave-like structures previous to bubble development. Keywords: day-to-day variation, equatorial spread F, aeronomy. RESUMO. Neste trabalho estuda-se a variabilidade longitudinal e dia-a-dia da ocorrência do spread F equatorial sobre América do Sul. Digissondas das estações equatoriais de São Luís e Jicamarca, e dados de Conteúdo Eletrônico Total (TEC) de vários receptores GPS foram usados para analisar as condições ionosféricas para a geração de irregularidades de plasma ionosférico durante os meses de mínimo solar de Setembro 2009 a Janeiro 2010. Para dar suporte a esta análise um Algoritmo de Detecção Automática de Bolhas foi usado para detectar decréscimos abruptos nos valores de TEC. O padrão de ocorrência de bolhas sobre SA observado neste trabalho são Setembro-Outubro (equinócio) no leste e Novembro-Janeiro (solstício de Dezembro) nas longitudes leste. Entretanto, na observação dia-a-dia as assinaturas de bolhas são também detectadas sobre toda SA neste período. Além de ter sido observado durante dias com pronunciado pré-reversal enhancement (PRE), como esperado, as depleções TEC foram também observadas durante dias sem PRE, durante equinócio em Jicamarca e solstício de Dezembro em São Luís. Esta ocorrência inesperada de depleções TEC (TECds) sugere que mecanismos geradores, como estruturas períodicas estão presentes e modificam as condições de início de eventos-bolhas. Neste trabalho são apresentados resultados mostrando evidências de estruturas tipo onda prévio ao desenvolvimento de uma bolha. Palavras-chave: variabilidade dia a dia, spread F equatorial, aeronomia.

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15

Yamamoto, Mamoru, Yuichi Otsuka, Hidekatsu Jin, and Yasunobu Miyoshi. "Relationship between day-to-day variability of equatorial plasma bubble activity from GPS scintillation and atmospheric properties from Ground-to-topside model of Atmosphere and Ionosphere for Aeronomy (GAIA) assimilation." Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 5, no. 1 (May 2, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40645-018-0184-7.

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