Relevant bibliographies by topics / Equatorial aeronomy

Academic literature on the topic 'Equatorial aeronomy'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Equatorial aeronomy"

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Mendillo, Michael, Bosheng Lin, and Jules Aarons. "The application of GPS observations to equatorial aeronomy." Radio Science 35, no. 3 (May 2000): 885–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999rs002208.

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Woodman, R. F. "Spread F – an old equatorial aeronomy problem finally resolved?" Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 5 (May 4, 2009): 1915–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-1915-2009.

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Abstract. One of the oldest scientific topics in Equatorial Aeronomy is related to Spread-F. It includes all our efforts to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the existence of ionospheric F-region irregularities, the spread of the traces in a night-time equatorial ionogram – hence its name – and all other manifestations of the same. It was observed for the first time as an abnormal ionogram in Huancayo, about 70 years ago. But only recently are we coming to understand the physical mechanisms responsible for its occurrence and its capricious day to day variability. Several additional techniques have been used to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of the F-region irregularities responsible for the phenomenon. Among them we have, in chronological order, radio star scintillations, trans-equatorial radio propagation, satellite scintillations, radar backscatter, satellite and rocket in situ measurements, airglow, total electron content techniques using the propagation of satellite radio signals and, recently, radar imaging techniques. Theoretical efforts are as old as the observations. Nevertheless, 32 years after their discovery, Jicamarca radar observations showed that none of the theories that had been put forward could explain them completely. The observations showed that irregularities were detected at altitudes that were stable according to the mechanisms proposed. A breakthrough came a few years later, again from Jicamarca, by showing that some of the "stable" regions had become unstable by the non-linear propagation of the irregularities from the unstable to the stable region of the ionosphere in the form of bubbles of low density plasma. A problem remained, however; the primary instability mechanism proposed, an extended (generalized) Rayleigh-Taylor instability, was too slow to explain the rapid development seen by the observations. Gravity waves in the neutral background have been proposed as a seeding mechanism to form irregularities from which the instability would grow, but the former are difficult to observe as a controlling parameter. Their actual role still needs to be determined. More recently, radar observations again have shown the existence of horizontal plasma drift velocities counter streaming the neutral wind at the steep bottom of the F-region which produces a fast growing instability from which a generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability can grow. The mechanisms proposed would explain the rapid development of the large and medium scale irregularities that have been observed, including some seen only by radars. Nevertheless, a proper quantitative theoretical mechanism that would explain how these irregularities break into the very important meter scale ones, responsible for the radar echoes, needs to be developed. This paper makes a selective historical review of the observations and proposed theories since the phenomenon was discovered to our current understanding.
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Bhattacharyya, Archana, Jorge L. Chau, Clezio M. Denardini, David L. Hysell, Jonathan J. Makela, Kazuo Shiokawa, and Erhan Kudeki. "Recent advances in equatorial, low- and mid-latitude aeronomy." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 103 (October 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.08.017.

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Mendillo, Michael, Jeffrey Baumgardner, Marlene Colerico, and Daniel Nottingham. "Imaging science contributions to equatorial aeronomy: Initial results from the MISETA program." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 59, no. 13 (September 1997): 1587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(96)00158-7.

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Valladares, C. E., R. Sheehan, S. Basu, H. Kuenzler, and J. Espinoza. "The multi-instrumented studies of equatorial thermosphere aeronomy scintillation system: Climatology of zonal drifts." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 101, A12 (December 1, 1996): 26839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96ja00183.

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Sahai, Y., K. Shiokawa, and C. E. Valladares. "<i>Preface</i> "Equatorial and low latitude aeronomy"." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 9 (September 23, 2004): 3085. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-3085-2004.

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Joshi, D., K. Groves, and J. Retterer. "The dependence of the Irregularity Parameter Characterizing the Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities on the background Ionospheric Density." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 7, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v7i1.36967.

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The low-latitude ionosphere is characterized by large-scale instabilities in the post-sunset hours due to the distinct geometry of the earth’s magnetic field lines at the equator. The magnetic field lines are horizontal at the equator contributing to the high vertical drift velocity of the plasma bubbles growing from the bottomside of the ionospheric F-region. The phenomenon, commonly known as equatorial spread F, is an important problem in aeronomy as it can cause radio wave scintillation effects representing the most critical impacts of space weather on man-made technologies, such as satellite communications and global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). Here, we report results on the dependence of the peak heights of the irregularities at the magnetic equator, also called as apex-altitude, on solar flux by analyzing in-situ observations made on-board the Communications/Navigations Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite mission. Our analysis indicates the median of the peak-height distributions of the irregularities increases linearly from about 491 km at solar minimum to 737 km during solar maximum. The Physics-Based Model (PBMOD) has been used to confirm the space-based observational results and we find the field-line integrated conductivity is the key parameter which controls the peak-heights of the irregularities. In this investigation, we also seek to understand the possible dependence of the irregularity parameter characterizing the equatorial ionospheric irregularities on the background ionospheric density.
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Makela, J. J., and J. L. Chau. "<i>Preface</i>"The 11th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA-11), Taipei, May 2005"." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2006): 1279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1279-2006.

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SWARTZ, W., and J. CHAU. "Foreword to the special issue on papers presented at the Jicamarca 40th Anniversary Workshop40 years of equatorial aeronomy sparked by the Jicamarca radio observatory." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 66, no. 17 (November 2004): 1519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(04)00225-1.

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Martinis, C., J. Baumgardner, S. M. Smith, M. Colerico, and M. Mendillo. "Imaging science at El Leoncito, Argentina." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2006): 1375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1375-2006.

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Abstract. Thermospheric and mesospheric structures are studied using an all-sky imager located at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8° S, 69.3° W, –18° mag lat). This site has relatively high geographic latitude for a location under the crest of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), and thus observations can be used to study the intrusion of several equatorial processes into the midlatitude domain. In addition, it has a conjugate point close to the field of view of our companion imager at Arecibo, PR, allowing for the study of inter-hemispheric effects. Four types of phenomena were studied using 630.0 nm and 777.4 nm observations: (1) highly-structured airglow depletions associated with the Rayleigh-Taylor instability/equatorial spread-F (RTI/ESF) process, (2) brightness waves (BW) associated with the midnight temperature maximum (MTM), (3) strong airglow enhancements associated with the positive phase of ionospheric storms, and (4) simple (non-structured) bands of airglow depletions with characteristics matching a Perkins-like instability. Using 557.7 nm mesospheric observations, a fifth category of study deals with gravity waves probably generated by lower atmospheric disturbances, and mesospheric bores related to strong vertical temperature gradients. While ESF depletions and BW events are detected fairly frequently, the mid-latitude bands are not, and thus their successful imaging at El Leoncito offers the first example of the coupling from mid-latitudes to low-latitudes in the South American longitude sector. Preliminary results on these features are presented in this paper. Taken together, these five types of optical structures offer the opportunity to investigate coupling, both in altitude and latitude, of aeronomic processes at low latitudes in an under-sampled longitude sector in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Equatorial aeronomy"

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Wohlwend, Christian Stephen. "Modeling the Electrodynamics of the Low-Latitude Ionosphere." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/11.

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The electrodynamics of the Earth's low-latitude ionosphere is dependent on the ionospheric conductivity and the thermospheric neutral density, temperature, and winds present. This two-part study focused on the gravity wave seeding mechanism of equatorial plasma depletions in the ionosphere and the associated equatorial spread F, as well as the differences between a two-dimensional flux tube integrated electrodynamics model and a three-dimensional model for the same time period. The gravity wave seeding study was based on a parameterization of a gravity wave perturbation using a background empirical thermosphere and a physics-based ionosphere for the case of 12 UT on 26 September 2002. The electrodynamics study utilized a two-dimensional flux tube integrated model in center dipole coordinates, which is derived in this work. This case study examined the relative influence of the zonal wind, meridional wind, vertical wind, temperature, and density perturbations of the gravity wave. It further looked at the angle of the wave front to the field line flux tube, the most influential height of the perturbation, and the difference between planar and thunderstorm source gravity waves with cylindrical symmetry. The results indicate that, of the five perturbation components studied, the zonal wind is the most important mechanism to seed the Rayleigh-Taylor instability needed to develop plasma plumes. It also shows that the bottomside of the F-region is the most important region to perturb, but a substantial E-region influence is also seen. Furthermore, a wave front with a small angle from the field line is necessary, but the shape of the wave front is not critical in the gravity wave is well developed before nightfall. Preliminary results from the three-dimensional model indicate that the equipotential field line assumption of the two-dimensional model is not valid below 100 km and possibly higher. Future work with this model should attempt to examine more of the differences with the two-dimensional model in the electric fields and currents produced as well as with the plasma drifts that lead to plume development.
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Silva, Gilmar Alves. "Anomalia equatorial de ionização e a propagação de sinais de rádio." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2018. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/3499.

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Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2018-03-10T00:16:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Gilmar Alves Silva.pdf: 7136878 bytes, checksum: 1d18b7604ed4a6ba52324bc984698f1a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
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The ionosphere plays an important role in the propagation of electromagnetic waves, providing valvable opportunity to study its variability and effects on radio signals. The continuous changing in the ionospheric conditions caused by space weather strongly affects the propagation of electromagnetic waves, particularly in high frequency (HF).This work aims to investigate the propagation of radio signals in the equatorial region, between November 2013 to October 2014 in the following frequencies: 1,8 MHz, 14 MHz, 28 MHz and 50 MHz. The study was performed using DPS4 digisonde data, propagation model (VOACAP) and amateur radio receivers. The work consists of radio signals analysis emitted by two amateur radio stations located in Punta Arenas (latitude: 53.15°S; longitude: 70.92°W; dip. latitude: 39.37ºS) and in Nairóbi (latitude: 1.28ºS; longitude: 36.88ºE; dip. latitude: 10.74ºS). These radio signals were recorded at the amateur radio receiving stations located in Boa Vista (latitude: 2.82°N; longitude: 60.76°W; dip. latitude: 15,14ºN), Campo Grande (latitude: 20.5oS; longitude: 54.7oW; dip. latitude: 16.99ºS) and São Luís (latitude: 2.53oS; longitude: 44.30oW; dip. latitude: 3.28ºS) located in the region of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) and at the magnetic equator in the Brazilian sector. It was emphasized the analysis of the maximum usable frequency (MUF) obtained from the foF2 ionospheric parameter and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in each path between radio amateur transmitters (Tx) and the receivers (Rx). Results indicate that the ionosphere response was different in relation to the radio signals that propagate in and out of the equatorial region. According to SNR values measured at the receiving stations, The communications in 1.8 MHz were only possible at evenings of winter months between Punta Arenas and Boa Vista and between Punta Arenas an Sao Luis. The communications in 14 MHz were possible on all routes during the summer months and during equinoxes period at any hour of the day, but during the winter period the transmissions from Punta Arenas were only received in São Luís and Campo Grande during daylight hours. The 28 MHz transmissions from Nairobi were received during the summer months in all stations 24 hours by day, but transmissions at the same frequency from Punta Arenas only were received in São Luís and Campo Grande. At other times of the year the communications over the same frequency were only possible during daylight hours. The communications in 50 MHz were only possible in the summer months coming from Nairobi station.
A ionosfera desempenha um papel importante na propagação de ondas eletromagnéticas, o que proporciona uma oportunidade para estudar sua variabilidade e seus efeitos sobre os sinais de rádio. A mudança contínua nas condições ionosféricas causadas pelo clima espacial afeta fortemente a propagação principalmente em alta frequência (HF), em virtude disso esse trabalho apresenta resultados de investigação sobre a propagação de sinais de rádio realizado durante um ano, entre novembro de 2013 a outubro de 2014 nas frequências 1,8 MHz, 14 MHz, 28 MHz e 50 MHz na região equatorial. O estudo foi realizado usando dados de digissonda, modelo de propagação (VOACAP) e receptores de rádio amador. O trabalho consiste na análise de sinais de rádio emitidos por duas estações transmissoras de rádio amador localizadas em Punta Arenas (53,15°S; 70,92°W; dip. latitude: 39,37ºS) e em Nairóbi (1,28ºS; 36,88ºE; dip. latitude: 10,74ºS), sendo esses sinais de rádio registrados nas estações receptoras de rádio amador localizadas em Boa Vista (2,82°N; 60,76°W; dip. latitude: 15,14ºN), Campo Grande (20,5oS; 54,7oW; dip. latitude: 16,99ºS) e São Luís (2,53oS; 44,30oW; dip. latitude: 3,28ºS), isto é, na região da anomalia equatorial de ionização (EIA) e no equador magnético no setor brasileiro. O estudo enfatizou a análise do parâmetro ionosférico denominado máxima frequência utilizável (MUF), bem como a relação sinal-ruído (SNR) em cada trajeto entre transmissor (Tx) e receptor (Rx). Os resultados indicam que a resposta da ionosfera foi diferente em relação aos sinais de rádio que se propagam dentro e fora da região equatorial. De acordo com valores da SNR medidos nas estações receptoras, as intensidades dos sinais de rádio nas frequências especificadas variam no período de 24 horas. As comunicações em 1,8 MHz só foram possíveis nos enlaces entre Punta Arenas e Boa Vista e São Luís durante os meses de inverno no período da noite. As comunicações em 14 MHz foram possíveis em todos os trajetos durante 24 horas nos meses de verão e nos equinócios, mas no período de inverno as transmissões de Punta Arenas só foram recebidas em São Luís e Campo Grande durante as horas do dia. As transmissões em 28 MHz de Nairóbi foram recebidas durante 24 horas nos meses de verão em todas as estações, as de Punta Arenas só em São Luís e Campo Grande. Nos demais períodos do ano as comunicações só foram possíveis durante as horas do dia. As comunicações em 50 MHz só foram possíveis nos meses de verão e apenas com a estação de Nairóbi.
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Hickey, Dustin A. "Spatial characteristics of the midnight temperature maximum and equatorial spread F from multi-instrument and magnetically conjugate observations." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33120.

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The upper atmosphere, a region above ~85 km called the ionosphere and thermosphere, has been studied extensively for over one hundred years. Measurements were often considered in isolation, but today, advances in technology and ground-based distributed arrays have allowed concurrent multi-instruments measurements. In this dissertation, I combine measurements from all-sky imagers (ASIs), coherent scatter radars, incoherent scatter radars (ISRs), and Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs). I focus on two phenomena, the midnight temperature maximum (MTM) and equatorial spread F (ESF), using observations from equatorial to mid-latitudes. The spatial characteristics of these phenomena are not fully understood. I combine observations at various latitudes and longitudes to extend MTM detection to mid-latitudes. I present the first simultaneous detections of the MTM at multiple altitudes and latitudes over North America and the first observations below the F-region peak using the Millstone Hill Observatory ISR in a south pointing, low-elevation mode. The MTM can also be observed with an ASI and I present concurrent measurements of the MTM with an ASI and ISR. The Whole Atmosphere Model, a global circulation model, was found to be consistent with these observations. This further verifies that the MTM is partially created by lower atmospheric tides, demonstrating coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere. In addition to the MTM, I investigate different aspects of ESF using ASIs concurrently with other instruments. I compare various scale sizes (sub-meter to kilometers) using coherent scatter radar and an ASI and conclude that the lower hybrid drift instability causes radar echoes to occur preferentially on the western wall of large-scale depletions. The source of day-to-day variability in ESF is not fully known but I show that one driver may be large-scale wave structures (~400 km) that modulate the development of ESF. Finally, I compare concurrent observations of ESF plasma depletions with ASIs at magnetically-conjugate foot points and show how the magnitude and structure of the Earth’s magnetic field is responsible for differences in the morphology and velocity of these depletions. In summary, I have used multi-instrument observations of ESF and the MTM to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics of the upper atmosphere.
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Book chapters on the topic "Equatorial aeronomy"

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Huba, J. D., G. Joyce, and J. Krall. "Three-Dimensional Modeling of Equatorial Spread F." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 211–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_15.

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Ramkumar, Geetha. "Dynamical Coupling Between Different Regions of Equatorial Atmosphere." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 57–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_3.

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Kherani, E. Alam, Mangalathayil Ali Abdu, Dave C. Fritts, and Eurico R. de Paula. "The Acoustic Gravity Wave Induced Disturbances in the Equatorial Ionosphere." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 141–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_10.

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Abdu, Mangalathayil Ali, and E. Alam Kherani. "Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Spread F/Plasma Bubble Irregularity Development." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 219–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_16.

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Anderson, David. "Daytime Vertical E×B Drift Velocities Inferred from Ground-Based Equatorial Magnetometer Observations." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 203–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_14.

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Makela, Jonathan J., and Ethan S. Miller. "Influences on the Development of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles: Insights from a Long-Term Optical Dataset." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 239–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_17.

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Fujiwara, Hitoshi, Yasunobu Miyoshi, Hidekatsu Jin, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, and Kaori Terada. "Characteristics of Temperature and Density Structures in the Equatorial Thermosphere Simulated by a Whole Atmosphere GCM." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 329–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_24.

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Batista, Inez S., Erica M. Diogo, Jonas R. Souza, Mangalathayil Ali Abdu, and Graham J. Bailey. "Equatorial Ionization Anomaly: The Role of Thermospheric Winds and the Effects of the Geomagnetic Field Secular Variation." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 317–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_23.

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Gurubaran, S., R. Dhanya, S. Sathiskumar, and P. T. Patil. "A Case Study of Tidal and Planetary Wave Coupling in the Equatorial Atmosphere-Ionosphere System Over India: Preliminary Results." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 177–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_12.

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Sekar, R., and D. Chakrabarty. "A Review of the Recent Advances in the Investigation of Equatorial Spread F and Space Weather Effects over Indian Sector Using Optical and Other Techniques." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 251–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_18.

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