Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Équations de champs neuronaux'
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Faye, Grégory. "Rupture de symétrie et formation de structures dans certaines équations de champs neuronaux." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850269.
Full textVeltz, Romain. "Nonlinear analysis methods in neural field models." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1056/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with mesoscopic models of cortex called neural fields. The neural field equations describe the activity of neuronal populations, with common anatomical / functional properties. They were introduced in the 1950s and are called the equations of Wilson and Cowan. Mathematically, they consist of integro-differential equations with delays, the delays modeling the signal propagation and the passage of signals across synapses and the dendritic tree. In the first part, we recall the biology necessary to understand this thesis and derive the main equations. Then, we study these equations with the theory of dynamical systems by characterizing their equilibrium points and dynamics in the second part. In the third part, we study these delayed equations in general by giving formulas for the bifurcation diagrams, by proving a center manifold theorem, and by calculating the principal normal forms. We apply these results to one-dimensional neural fields which allows a detailed study of the dynamics. Finally, in the last part, we study three models of visual cortex. The first two models are from the literature and describe respectively a hypercolumn, i.e. the basic element of the first visual area (V1) and a network of such hypercolumns. The latest model is a new model of V1 which generalizes the two previous models while allowing a detailed study of specific effects of delays
Daya, Bassam. "Résolution numérique des équations du champ neural : étude de la coordination du mouvement par des modèles mathématiques du cervelet." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0013.
Full textChappet, de Vangel Benoît. "Modèles cellulaires de champs neuronaux dynamiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0194/document.
Full textIn the constant search for design going beyond the limits of the von Neumann architecture, non conventional computing offers various solutions like neuromorphic engineering and cellular computing. Like von Neumann who roughly reproduced brain structures to design computers architecture, neuromorphic engineering takes its inspiration directly from neurons and synapses using analog substratum. Cellular computing influence comes from natural substratum (chemistry, physic or biology) imposing locality of interactions from which organisation and computation emerge. Research on neural mechanisms was able to demonstrate several emergent properties of the neurons and synapses. One of them is the attractor dynamics described in different frameworks by Amari with the dynamic neural fields (DNF) and Amit and Zhang with the continuous attractor neural networks. These neural fields have various computing properties and are particularly relevant for spatial representations and early stages of visual cortex processing. They were used, for instance, in autonomous robotics, classification and clusterization. Similarly to many neuronal computing models, they are robust to noise and faults and thus are good candidates for noisy hardware computation models which would enable to keep up or surpass the Moore law. Indeed, transistor area reductions is leading to more and more noise and the relaxation of the approx. 0% fault during production and operation of integrated circuits would lead to tremendous savings. Furthermore, progress towards many-cores circuits with more and more cores leads to difficulties due to the centralised computation mode of usual parallel algorithms and their communication bottleneck. Cellular computing is the natural answer to these problems. Based on these different arguments, the goal of this thesis is to enable rich computations and applications of dynamic neural fields on hardware substratum with neuro-cellular models enabling a true locality, decentralization and scalability of the computations. This work is an attempt to go beyond von Neumann architectures by using cellular and neuronal computing principles. However, we will stay in the digital framework by exploring performances of proposed architectures on FPGA. Analog hardware like VLSI would also be very interesting but is not studied here. The main contributions of this work are : 1) Neuromorphic DNF computation ; 2) Local DNF computations with randomly spiking dynamic neural fields (RSDNF model) ; 3) Local and asynchronous DNF computations with cellular arrays of stochastic asynchronous spiking DNFs (CASAS-DNF model)
Tamekue, Cyprien. "Controllability, Visual Illusions and Perception." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST105.
Full textThis thesis explores two distinct control theory applications in different scientific domains: physics and neuroscience. The first application focuses on the null controllability of the parabolic, spherical Baouendi-Grushin equation. In contrast, the second application involves the mathematical description of the MacKay-type visual illusions, focusing on the MacKay effect and Billock and Tsou's psychophysical experiments by controlling the one-layer Amari-type neural fields equation. Additionally, intending to study input-to-state stability and robust stabilization, the thesis investigates the existence of equilibrium in a multi-layer neural fields population model of Wilson-Cowan, specifically when the sensory input is a proportional feedback acting only on the system's state of the populations of excitatory neurons.In the first part, we investigate the null controllability properties of the parabolic equation associated with the Baouendi-Grushin operator defined by the canonical almost-Riemannian structure on the 2-dimensional sphere. It presents a degeneracy at the equator of the sphere. We provide some null controllability properties of this equation to this curved setting, which generalize that of the parabolic Baouendi-Grushin equation defined on the plane.Regarding neuroscience, initially, the focus lies on the description of visual illusions for which the tools of bifurcation theory and even multiscale analysis appear unsuitable. In our study, we use the neural fields equation of Amari-type in which the sensory input is interpreted as a cortical representation of the visual stimulus used in each experiment. It contains a localised distributed control function that models the stimulus's specificity, e.g., the redundant information in the centre of MacKay's funnel pattern (``MacKay rays'') or the fact that visual stimuli in Billock and Tsou's experiments are localized in the visual field.Always within the framework of neurosciences, we investigate the existence of equilibrium in a multi-layers neural fields population model of Wilson-Cowan when the sensory input is a proportional feedback that acts only on the system's state of the population of excitatory neurons. There, we provide a mild condition on the response functions under which such an equilibrium exists. The interest of this work lies in its application in studying the disruption of pathological brain oscillations associated with Parkinson's disease when stimulating and measuring only the population of excitatory neurons
Detorakis, Georgios. "Plasticité corticale, champs neuronaux dynamiques et auto-organisation." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879910.
Full textVeltz, Romain. "Méthodes d'analyse non-linéaires pour les modèles de champs neuronaux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850266.
Full textAurouet, Julien. "Normalisation de champs de vecteurs holomorphes et équations différentielles implicites." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944657.
Full textSaade, Christelle. "Méthodes isogéométriques espace-temps pour des équations multi-champs en mécanique." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDM0011.
Full textIn this work, we introduce different weak formulations based on time continuous Galerkin methods for several types of problems, governed by partial differential equations in space and time. Our approach is based on a simultaneous and arbitrary discretization of the space and time. The Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is employed instead of the classical Finite Element Method (FEM) in order to take advantage of the continuity properties of B-splines and NURBS functions. A detailed state of the art is narrated first to introduce the concept of both of these methods and to show the work already done in literature regarding the space-time methods on a first basis, and the IGA on a second basis. Then, the methods are applied to different types of mechanical problems. These problems are mainly engineering problems such as elastodynamics, thermomechanics, and history dependant behaviors (viscoelasticity). We compare different types of variational formulations and different discretizations. We show that in the case of problems having discontinuous solutions such as impact problems, the use of both a formulation with derived in time test functions and additional least square terms makes it possible to avoid the spurious numerical oscillations often observed for these type of problems. Furthermore, we introduce a new stabilization technique that can be used easily for non-linear problems. It is based on the consistency condition of the acceleration, so we call it Galerkin with Acceleration Consistency (GAC). The problems investigated take both linear and non-linear forms. We solve elastodynamics, thermomechanics and viscoelatic type problems at small and finite strains. Both compressible and incompressible materials are considered. The convergence of the method is numerically studied and compared with existing methods. We verify, where applicable, the conservation properties of the formulation and compare them to the conservation properties of the classical methods such as the FEM equipped with an HHT scheme for the time discretization. The numerical results show that space-time methods are more energy conserving than classical methods for the elastodynamic problems. Different convergence tests are leaded and optimal convergence rates are obtained, showing the efficiency of the method. We show furthermore that heterogeneous and asynchroneous schemes can be built in a very simple manner, opening up many possibilities while dealing with space-time methods. Finally, the performances observed on different problems and the versatility of the approach suggest that ST IGA methods have a strong potential for advanced simulations in engineering
Shurgalina, Ekaterina. "Dynamique de champs de vagues irréguliers en zone côtière." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECDM0002/document.
Full textSurface and internal gravity waves have an important impact on the hydrological regime ofthe coastal zone. Intensive surface waves are particularly interesting to study because they canbe a serious threat to ships, oil platforms, port facilities and tourist areas on the coast; suchwaves hampered the implementation of human activities on the shelf. Nonlinear internal wavesaffect the underwater biosphere and cause sediment transport, they create washouts soil at thebase of platforms and pipelines, affect the propagation of acoustic signals. Freak waves have aparticularly strong impact, and they are studied in this thesis. Therefore, the study of freak waveformation in the coastal zone is relevant and practically significant.The main goal of the thesis is the study of particularities of abnormal wave formation incoastal zones under different assumptions on the water depth and wave field form. In particular,it is demonstrated that the mechanism of dispersion focusing of freak wave formation "works"for waves interacting with a vertical barrier. It is shown that just before the maximum waveformation a freak wave quickly changes its shape from a high ridge to a deep depression.Lifetime of freak wave increases with the growth of number of individual waves in anomalouswave packet, and lifetime of freak wave increases with water depth decreasing.It is demonstrated that pair interaction of unipolar solitons leads to decrease of the thirdand fourth moments of the wave field. It is shown that in the case of heteropolar solitoninteraction the fourth moment increases.The nonlinear dynamics of ensembles of random unipolar solitons in the framework of theKorteweg - de Vries equation and the modified Korteweg - de Vries equation is studied. It isshown that the coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the soliton gas are reduced as a resultof soliton collision, the distribution function of wave amplitudes are defined. The behavior ofsoliton fields in the framework of these models is qualitatively similar. It is shown that in thesefields the amplitude of the big waves is decreased in average due to multi-soliton interactions.A new braking effect of soliton with a small amplitude and even changing of its direction inmulti-soliton gas as a result of nonlinear interaction with other solitons is found in the frameworkof the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation.It is shown that in heteropolar soliton gas abnormally big waves (freak waves) appear inthe frameworks of the modified Korteweg - de Vries equation. With increasing of soliton gasdensity the probability and intensity of freak waves in such systems increases
Moreau, Antoine. "Étude du mélange de scalaires en écoulement turbulent et application à la modélisation des petites échelles." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10255.
Full textVinel, Antoine. "Champs markoviens conditionnels pour l'étiquetage de séquences." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066471.
Full textThis thesis, entitled "Conditional Random Fields for sequence labeling", deals with sequential recognition. This task includes a wide range of applications such as speech recognition, handwriting recognition, video analysis, action decoding, stock analysis, biological sequences, medical data, meteorological data analysis, industrical process evolution modeling,. . . This thesis focused on two axes based on a discriminant statistical model : the HCRF (Hidden Conditional Random Field). The first axis takes advantage of the recent advances that occurred in the field of neural networks. These models can be integrated into sequential models and allow to overcome the inherent limitations of basic linear models. Moreover, the introduction of hidden states in purely discriminative models allow the modeling of the temporal evolution of the signal within the same class. Based on these ideas, we proposed a new model, called NeuroHCRFThe second axis start with the fact that most works, both in handwriting recognition and in speech recognition, does not optimize the criterion used to evaluate the model's accuracy for various practical and theoretical reasons. We show that some limitations of the direct optimization of the criterion can be circumvented by using maximum-margin approaches and defined a new training algorithm
Jean, dit Teyssier Loïc. "Equation homologique et classification analytique des germes de champs de vecteurs holomorphes de type noeud-col." Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005387.
Full textVigneron, François. "Localisation et décroissance des champs de la mécanique des fluides et des plasmas. Espaces fonctionnels associés à une famille de champs de vecteurs." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPXX0039.
Full textBittmann, Amaury. "Classification analytique de germes de champs de vecteurs tridimensionnels doublement résonants et applications aux équations de Painlevé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD042/document.
Full textWe consider germs of analytic singular vector fields in dimension three, called doubly-resonant saddle-nodes. These vector fields correspond to irregular two-dimensional systems with a pair of two opposite non-zero eigenvalues. This king of singularity appears for instance at infinity in Painlevé equations PI,...,PV, after a weighted compactifcation, for generic values of the parameters. Since Boutroux, the study of these singularities has generated many researches. Recently, several authors provided new informations, by studying for instance the associated non-linear and quasi-lineair Stokes phenomenas and by giving connection formulas. Quasi-linéaire Stokes coefficients are invariant under local analytic change of coordinates, but do not form a complete set of invariants for analytic classification. The goal of this work is to provide a complete analytic classification of doubly-resonant saddle-nodes. The idea for this is to adapt the works of Martinet and Ramis, generalized then by Stolovitch. In the first part, we give a formal classification, based on the existence on unique formal normal forms. In the second part, we prove the existence of sectorial nomalizing maps (analytic over sectors), generalizing a theorem by Hukuhara-Kimura-Matuda. In the third part, we study the Stokes diffeomorphisms, and more generaly the sectorials isotropies of the normal form. We obtain a complet set of analytic invariants. Finally, in the fourth part, we compute some of these invariants in the case of the first Painlevé equation
Salih, Nazim. "Sur le problème du centre et le 16ème problème de Hilbert local pour les systèmes lop-sided." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5599.
Full textBoulbe, Cédric. "Contribution à la résolution des équations de la magnétohydrodynamique et de la magnétostatique." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196421.
Full textLes équations de la magnétostatique forment un système d'équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires en dimension 3 faisant intervenir le champ magnétique et la pression cinétique du plasma. Quand on néglige la pression, le champ magnétique est alors dit de Beltrami. Nous proposons de résoudre numériquement les équations régissant les champs de Beltrami par un algorithme itératif de type point fixe associé à des méthodes d'éléments finis. Cette stratégie itérative est étendue au cas des configurations d'équilibres avec pression.
On s'intéresse ensuite à l'approximation des équations de la MHD idéale instationnaires. Il s'agit d'un système de loi de conservation hyperbolique non linéaire. Nous proposons une approche de type volumes finis dans laquelle les flux sont calculés par une méthode de Roe sur un maillage tétraédrique et où les flux du champ magnétique sont modifiés afin de satisfaire la contrainte de divergence nulle qui lui est imposée.
Les méthodes proposées ont été implantées dans deux nouveaux codes tridimensionnels TETRAFFF pour les équilibres, et TETRAMHD pour la MHD. Les résulats numériques obtenus par ces codes montrent la performance des méthodes employées.
Faquir, Mohamed. "Aux frontieres de la théorie des champs: I. De l'hydrodynamique aux champs multivalués. II. Construction de théories de champs de spin élevé en interaction." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138507.
Full textII. Dans l'optique d'arriver à une théorie cohérente décrivant des champs de spin élevé en interaction, nous présentons dans la seconde partie une construction, basée sur la théorie des champs de cordes, qui mélange tous les niveaux de spin. Grâce à des contraintes d'hermiticité, on détermine dans un premier temps les éléments d'un groupe de jauge et leur loi de composition. Les champs de jauge sont choisis comme la représentation adjointe du groupe puis modifiés pour se rapprocher des définitions usuelles. Finalement, l'étude du spin 3 nécessite l'introduction de champs auxiliaires qui nous permettent d'obtenir un Lagrangien pour le champ de spin 2 massif en généralisant une méthode introduite par Veltman dans le cas de Yang-Mills.
Ghendrih, Philippe. "Effet du champ magnétique sur les interactions coulombiennes dans un plasma chaud." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112050.
Full textRatovondrahanta, Richard. "Analyse des guides diélectriques rectangulaires par la méthode de l'opérateur transverse." Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT027H.
Full textChihab, Abdelkrim. "Solutions approchées de champs de vitesse en milieu élastoplastique contenant des cavités elliptiques : application à l'analyse de l'évolution de l'endommagement." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2293.
Full textBenlamlih, Omar. "Influence de la topographie locale du sol et de ses caractéristiques électriques sur la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques basses fréquences." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10069.
Full textVolin, Dmytro. "Quantum integrability and functional equations : Applications to the spectral problem of AdS/CFT and two-dimensional sigma models." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112318.
Full textIn this thesis is given a general procedure to represent the integral Bethe Ansatz equations in the form of the Reimann-Hilbert problem. This allows us to study in simple way integrable spin chains in the thermodynamic limit. Based on the functional equations we give the procedure that allows finding the subleading orders in the solution of various integral equations solved to the leading order by the Wiener-Hopf techniques. The integral equations are studied in the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, where their solution allows verification of the integrability conjecture up to two loops of the strong coupling expansion. In the context of the two-dimensional sigma models we analyze the large-order behavior of the asymptotic perturbative expansion. Obtained experience with the functional representation of the integral equations allowed us also to solve explicitly the crossing equations that appear in the AdS/CFT spectral problem
Dotti, Sylvain. "Approximation numérique de lois de conservation hyperboliques stochastiques scalaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0568/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study a scalar hyperbolic conservation law of order one, with stochastic source term and non-linear flux. The source term can be seen as the superposition of an infinity of Gaussian noises depending on the conserved quantity. We give a definition of solution of this stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) with an intermediate point of view between that of the analyst (non regularsolution in space, introduction of an additional kinetic variable) and that of the probabilist (right continuous with left limits in time stochastic process solution). Uniqueness of the solution is proved thanks to a doubling of variables à la Kruzkov. We study the stability of the conservation law, in order to give a general theorem where the conditions of existence of a solution and conditions of convergence of a sequence of approximate solutions towards the solution of the conservation law are given. This study is done thanks to probabilistic tools : representation of martingales in the form of stochastic integrals, existence of a probability space on which the convergence of probability measures is equivalent to the almost sure convergence of random variables.To finish the study, we prove the existence of a solution thanks to the properties of the approximation of the SPDE given by an explicit in time Finite Volumes numerical scheme, then the convergence of this approximation towards the solution of the SPDE. The tools used are those of the numerical analysis, especially those of the Finite Volume Method, and those of the stochastic calculs (probabilistic tools)
Glade, Nicolas. "Effet des champs externes faibles sur l'auto-organisation des microtubules : comparaisons entre expériences et simulations numériques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE19021.
Full textThis work is concerned with the physical chemical processes underlying biological self-organisation by which an initially homogenous solution of reacting chemicals spontaneously self-organises so as to give rise to a preparation of macroscopic order and form. Theoreticians have predicted that self-organisation can arise from a coupling of reactive processes with molecular diffusion. In addition, the presence or absence of an external field, such as gravity, at a critical moment early in the self-organising process may determine the morphology that subsequently develops. The formation in-vitro of microtubules, a major element of the cellular skeleton, shows this type of behaviour. The microtubule preparations spontaneously self-organise by way of reaction and diffusion and the morphology of the state that forms depends upon the presence of gravity at a critical moment early in the process. In our experiments, I have shown that an associated phenomenon in living cells, the transport and organisation of subcellular particles, arises when microtubules self-organise in vitro. The principal objective of the experiments presented is the effect of weak external fields on microtubule self-organisation. I have shown that it is possible to reproduce the results of experiment carried in space using ground-based apparatus. Under these conditions there is no self-organisation. Self-organisation can be restablished with other external fields and factors. In addition, we have developed a numerical reaction-diffusion scheme, based on the chemical dynamics of a population of microtubules, that simulates the experimental self-organisation. In this work we outline the main features of these simulations and discuss the manner by which a permanent dialogue with experiment has helped develop a microscopic understanding of the collective behaviour. The numerical simulations predict the major features of the experimental observations
Sadowski, Nelson. "Modélisation des machines électriques à partir de la résolution des équations du champ en tenant compte du mouvement et du circuit d'alimentation (Logiciel EFCAD)." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT003H.
Full textEclercy, Daniel. "Contribution à l'étude de synthèse d'antennes et de réseaux. Elaboration d'outils de calcul originaux basés sur des approches déterministes et stochastiques." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0018.
Full textGalmiche, Martin. "Interaction turbulence-champs moyens et ondes de gravités internes dans un fluide stratifié." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT017H.
Full textWolff, Marc. "Mathematical and numerical analysis of the resistive magnetohydrodynamics system with self-generated magnetic field terms." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6101.
Full textThis work is devoted to the construction of numerical methods that allow the accurate simulation of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosion processes by taking self-generated magnetic field terms into account. In the sequel, we first derive a two-temperature resistive magnetohydrodynamics model and describe the considered closure relations. The resulting system of equations is then split in several subsystems according to the nature of the underlying mathematical operator. Adequate numerical methods are then proposed for each of these subsystems. Particular attention is paid to the development of finite volume schemes for the hyperbolic operator which actually is the hydrodynamics or ideal magnetohydrodynamics system depending on whether magnetic fields are considered or not. More precisely, a new class of high-order accurate dimensionally split schemes for structured meshes is proposed using the Lagrange-remap formalism. One of these schemes' most innovative features is that they have been designed in order to take advantage of modern massively parallel computer architectures. This property can for example be illustrated by the dimensionally split approach or the use of artificial viscosity techniques and is practically highlighted by sequential performance and parallel efficiency figures. Hyperbolic schemes are then combined with finite volume methods for dealing with the thermal and resistive conduction operators and taking magnetic field generation into account. In order to study the characteristics and effects of self-generated magnetic field terms, simulation results are finally proposed with the complete two-temperature resistive magnetohydrodynamics model on a test problem that represents the state of an ICF capsule at the beginning of the deceleration phase
Licir, Ismaïl. "Étude des champs diffractés par des matériaux à pertes et reconstitution de la permittivité diélectrique complexe." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT064H.
Full textGarcia, Trillos Camilo Andrés. "Méthodes numériques probabilistes : problèmes multi-échelles et problèmes de champs moyen." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944655.
Full textQuininao, Cristobal. "Mathematical modeling in neuroscience : collective behavior of neuronal networks & the role of local homeoproteins diffusion in morphogenesis." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066152/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of mathematical questions arising from the modeling of biological systems combining analytic and probabilistic tools. In the first part, we are interested in the derivation of the mean-field equations related to some neuronal networks, and in the study of the convergence to the equilibria of the solutions to the limit equations. In Chapter 2, we use the coupling method to prove the chaos propagation for a neuronal network with delays and random architecture. In Chapter 3, we consider a kinetic FitzHugh-Nagumo equation. We analyze the existence of solutions and prove the nonlinear exponential convergence in the weak connectivity regime. In the second part, we study the role of homeoproteins (HPs) on the robustness of boundaries of functional areas. In Chapter 4, we propose a general model for neuronal development. We prove that in the absence of diffusion, the HPs are expressed on irregular areas. But in presence of diffusion, even arbitrarily small, well defined boundaries emerge. In Chapter 5, we consider the general model in the one dimensional case and prove the existence of monotonic stationary solutions defining a unique intersection point for any arbitrarily small diffusion coefficient. Finally, in the third part, we study a subcritical Keller-Segel equation. We show the chaos propagation without any restriction on the force kernel. Eventually, we demonstrate that the propagation of chaos holds in the entropic sense
Mebarek, Lassen. "Méthode numérique par éléments finis de frontière pour le calcul par équations intégrales de champs acoustiques rayonnés par des structures axisymétriques." Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPD017.
Full textAtig, Abir. "Étude du rayonnement d'une source placée sur un corps métallique de forme arbitraire." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT027H.
Full textPoneti, Maddalena. "Una struttura tira l'altra : generazione di oggetti combinatori." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13165.
Full textFadda, Alessandro. "Etude de problèmes inverses par algorithmes d'évolution et réseaux de neurones." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0023.
Full textCharpentier, Jean-Frédéric. "Modélisation des ensembles convertisseurs statiques-machines électriques par couplage des équations du champ électromagnétique et du circuit électrique." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT065H.
Full textGhorbal, Abdel-Mounai͏̈m. "Etude fonctionnelle du réseau auditif du tronc cérébral par analyse de la dynamique spatio-temporelle des champs de potentiel intra-cérébraux enregistrés in vivo chez le cobaye : contribution à l'étude des générateurs des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2368.
Full textFadili, Salah. "Méthode de reconstitution et de prévision par éléments finis du comportement vibroacoustique de transducteurs piézoélectriques : application à la focalisation de champs ultrasonores." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD337.
Full textDaudé, Thierry. "Sur la théorie de la diffusion pour des champs de Dirac dans divers espaces-temps de la relativité générale." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12908.
Full textMegi, Fabien. "Étude théorique d'agrégats soumis à des champs laser intenses." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011994.
Full textPremièrement nous proposons d'ajouter un terme d'amortissement avec la surface au modèle nanoplasma original de T.Ditmire et al. (1996). Nous comparons diverses observables expérimentales (xénon) et étudions l'évolution des états de charge avec la taille ou l'éclairement.
Deuxièmement nous proposons un modèle microscopique de dynamique moléculaire à trois dimensions robuste en l'absence d'excitation. L'émission électronique à 10^11 W/cm^2 (sodium) se compare à celle obtenue par d'autres modèles tels que le modèle VUU-LDA. Les électrons de coeur sont émis à partir de 5 10^15 W/cm^2. Les événements rares sont accessibles et nous montrons que l'explosion ionique de type coulombien est autosimilaire (10^16 W/cm^2). Enfin, l'émission électronique (gaz rare) est comparée avec le modèle nanoplasma.
Watroba, Laurent. "Plasticité de la carte corticale visuelle primaire calleuse du chat adulte : étude fonctionnelle et mécanismes sous-jacents." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066374.
Full textGenadot, Alexandre. "Etude multi-échelle de modèles probabilistes pour les systèmes excitables avec composante spatiale." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066531.
Full textThe purpose of the present thesis is the mathematical study of probabilistic models for the generation and propagation of an action potential in neurons and more generally of stochastic models for excitable cells. Indeed, we want to study the effect of noise on multiscale spatially extended excitable systems. We address the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic source of noise in such systems. To study the intrinsic or internal noise, we consider Hilbert-valued Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes (PDMPs). We are interested in the multiscale and long time behavior of these processes. In a first part, we study the case where the fast component is a discrete component of the PDMP. We prove a limit theorem when the speed of the fast component is accelerated. Then, we study the fluctuations of the multiscale model around the averaged one and show that the fluctuations areGaussians through the proof of a Central Limit Theorem. In a second part, we consider the case where the fast component is itself a PDMP. This requires knowledge about the invariant measure of Hilbert-valued PDMPs. We show the existence and uniqueness of an invariant measure and the exponential convergence of the process toward this measure. To study the extrinsic or external noise, we consider systems of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDEs) driven by colored noises. We analyze numerical schemes based on finite differences in time and finite elements in space
Jaime-Ang, Efrain. "Approximation analytique de la solution d'équations différentielles partielles par le réseau de neuronesartificiels : application à la simulation thermique dans les microsystèmes." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0010.
Full textThe current trends of technologies and markets lead engineers to developed more and more complex systems, and in the same time to decrease conception time. The only way to meet these requirements is the virtual design. This method is currently developed for Microsystems design. However, the complexity of phenomena to take into account limits the development of such a method in this domain. In fact, partial differential equations (PDE) are often used to describe Microsystems, more particularly Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) behaviour. Resolution of such equations requires specific software tools and resources of calculations are not compatible with overall simulations of systems. Moreover, current commercial tools for multi-domain system simulation only support algebraic-differential equations. This problem is generally circumvented by using dedicated tools to solve PDE, most of the time with finite elements methods (FEM), then transferring a database or a behavioural model (polynomial interpolation, neural network, etc. ) to the " system simulator ". We propose a technique to approach the solution of PDE without preliminary numerical integration, This approximation is based on the Collocation method and feed forward neural networks with separation of variables structure. The parameters of the neural network are adjusted so that the approximation will satisfy the equation all over its domain of validity. We could define the error of approximation at any point of domain as the error introduced by the substitution of variables by their approximations inside the equation. In this case parameters are adjusted in order to minimize this error at any point of domain. By this way, the resolution of PDE becomes a non-linear optimisation problem. Our technique has been applied to two steady-state heat transfer problem, in order to compare the performances, in term of accuracy and size, of our FFNN approximation to those of a finite elements method solution. It is important to notice that the approximation of PDE solution proposed in this thesis is analytical. This means it can directly be exploited at any point of its domain of validity, contrary to FEM solutions, which requires interpolations between nodes
Dereudre, David. "Diffusions infini-dimensionnelles et champs de Gibbs sur l'espace des trajectoires continues." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002373.
Full textCaire, François. "Les équations de Maxwell covariantes pour le calcul rapide des champs diffractés par des conducteurs complexes. Application au Contrôle Non Destructif par courants de Foucault." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112284/document.
Full textThis PhD work concerns the development of fast numerical tools, dedicated to the computation of the electromagnetic interaction between a low frequency 3D current source and a complex conductor, presenting rough interfaces and/or conductivity (and/or permeability) variations. The main application is the simulation of the Eddy Current non-destructive testing process applied to complex specimens. Indeed, the existing semi-analytical models currently available in the CIVA simulation platform are limited to canonical geometries. The method we propose here is based on the covariant Maxwell equations, which allow us to consider the physical equations and relationships in a non-orthogonal coordinate system depending on the geometry of the specimen. Historically, this method (cf. C-method) has been developed in the framework of optical applications, particularly for the characterization of diffraction gratings. Here, we transpose this formalism into the quasi-static regime and we thus develop an innovative formulation of the Second Order Vector Potential formalism, widely used for the computation of the quasi-static fields in canonical geometries. Then, we determine numerically a set of modal solutions of the source-free Maxwell equations in the coordinate system introduced, and this allows us to represent the unknown fields as modal expansions in source-free domains. Then, the coefficients of these expansions are computed by introducing the source fields and enforcing the boundary conditions that the total fields must verify at the interfaces between media. In order to tackle the case of a layered conductor presenting rough interfaces, the generalized SOVP formalism is coupled with a recursive algorithm called the S-matrices. On the other hand, the application case of a complex shape specimen with depth-varying physical properties is treated by coupling the modal method we developed with a high-order numerical method: pseudo-spectral method. The validation of these codes is carried out numerically by comparison with a commercial finite element software in some particular configurations. Besides, the homogeneous case is also validated by comparison with experimental data
Michel, Florent. "Effets non-linéaires et effets quantiques en gravité analogue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS164/document.
Full textThe present thesis deals with some properties of classical and quantum scalar fields in an inhomogeneous and/or time-dependent background, focusing on models where the latter can be described as a curved space-time with an event horizon. While naturally formulated in a gravitational context, such models extend to many physical systems with an effective Lorentz invariance at low energy. We shall see how this effective symmetry allows one to relate the behavior of perturbations in these systems to black-hole physics, what are its limitations, and in which sense results thus obtained are “analogous” to their general relativistic counterparts. The first chapter serves as a general introduction. A few notions from Einstein's theory of gravity are introduced and a derivation of Hawking radiation is sketched. The correspondence with low-energy systems is then explained through three important examples. The next four chapters each details one of the works completed during this thesis, updated and slightly reorganized to account for new developments which occurred after their publication. The other articles I contributed to are summarized in the last chapter, before the general conclusion. My collaborators and I focused on three aspects of the behavior of fields close to the (analogue) event horizon in models with an effective low-energy Lorentz symmetry. The first one concerns nonlinear effects, which had been given little attention in view of their crucial importance for understanding the evolution in time of Hawking radiation as well as for experimental realizations. We showed in particular how they determine the late-time behavior in stable and unstable configurations. The second aspect concerns linear and quantum effects. We studied the Hawking radiation itself in several models and what replaces it when continuously erasing the horizon. We also characterized and classified the different types of linear instabilities which can occur. Finally, we contributed to the design and analysis of “analogue gravity” experiments in Bose-Einstein condensates, hydrodynamic flows, and acoustic setups, of which I report the main results
Guillen, Marcel. "Réalisation et validation d'un modèle numérique hybride basé sur la méthode des équations intégrales de frontière et la méthode des charges équivalentes pour le calcul des champs électriques tridimensionnels." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0019.
Full textStadnicki, Yann. "Théorie de la diffusion dans un espace-temps de Reissner-Nordstrøm extrème pour des champs de Dirac (chargés et massifs) et de Maxwell." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR16022.
Full textLarminat, Anne. "Contribution à l'étude de structures guidantes inhomogènes : étude des pertes métalliques et des discontinuités uniaxiales." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT116H.
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