Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Équation d'ondes élastique'
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Lehmann, Fanny. "A surrogate model of elastic wave propagation to quantify uncertainties in seismic hazard analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST074.
Full textThe propagation of seismic waves in the ground is subject to many sources of uncertainties, ranging from the uncertain activity of geological faults to the incomplete knowledge of mechanical properties inside the Earth's crust. To properly assess seismic hazard, it then becomes essential to quantify how uncertainties influence the intensity of ground motion generated by earthquakes.In areas with low-to-moderate seismicity, like most regions in metropolitan France, seismic records are too sparse to evaluate ground motion uncertainties. In this situation, numerical simulations are the only option to estimate ground motion intensity, but their high computational costs prevent most uncertainty analyses. In this thesis, we design a surrogate model that can replace the numerical solver by drastically reducing the computational costs while preserving its flexibility and a satisfying accuracy.We first illustrate the influence of geological heterogeneities on ground motion intensity in the context of the Mw4.9 Le Teil earthquake (Ardèche, France, 2019). Heterogeneities are added to a regional geological model in the form of random fields, and we show that it generates more realistic ground motion. However, heterogeneities also lead to a large variability between samples.To study this variability systematically, we build a database of 30,000 heterogeneous 3D geological models, and inside each geology, seismic waves are propagated from a random source using the spectral element code SEM3D. The database is then used to train a surrogate model in a purely data-driven framework.To design the surrogate model, we propose an extension of the Fourier Neural Operator called the Multiple Input Fourier Neural Operator (MIFNO). The MIFNO takes as inputs a 3D geology and a vector of source parameters to predict 3D ground motion. Ground motion is a time-dependent surface wavefield, but we do not need any time iteration thanks to a depth-to-time conversion. We characterize the MIFNO prediction error and explore the MIFNO generalization ability to out-of-distribution data.We finally take advantage of transfer learning to further improve the MIFNO accuracy in the context of the Le Teil earthquake. With this fine-tuned surrogate model, we obtain statistical distributions of several quantities of interest in seismic hazard assessment. They are coherent with numerical simulations and provide confidence intervals that were out of reach with existing methods
Bécache, Eliane. "Resolution par une methode d'equations integrales d'un probleme de diffraction d'ondes elastiques transitoires par une fissure." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066022.
Full textDupuy-Frank. "Ambigui͏̈tés dans la diffusion des ondes élastiques dans l'approximation de Helmholtz." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20089.
Full textGranat, Cristel. "Formulation variationelle par équations intégrales pour des problèmes de diffraction d'ondes acoustiques et élastiques dans un demi-plan." Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1298.
Full textGodoy, Eduardo. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation numérique avancée des phénomènes de propagation d'ondes dans les médias élastiques sans limite." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006252.
Full textPoisson, Olivier. "Calcul des pôles de résonance associés à la diffraction d'ondes acoustiques et élastiques par un obstacle en dimension 2." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090018.
Full textBaron, Cécile. "Le développement en série de Peano du matricant pour l'étude de la propagation des ondes élastiques en milieux à propriétés continûment variables." Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13036.
Full textBoillot, Lionel. "Contributions à la modélisation mathématique et à l'algorithmique parallèle pour l'optimisation d'un propagateur d'ondes élastiques en milieu anisotrope." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3043/document.
Full textThe most common method of Seismic Imaging is the RTM (Reverse Time Migration) which depends on wave propagation simulations in the subsurface. We focused on a 3D elastic wave propagator in anisotropic media, more precisely TTI (Tilted Transverse Isotropic). We directly worked in the Total code DIVA (Depth Imaging Velocity Analysis) which is based on a discretization by the Discontinuous Galerkin method and the Leap-Frog scheme, and developed for intensive parallel computing – HPC (High Performance Computing). We choose to especially target two contributions. Although they required very different skills, they share the same goal: to reduce the computational cost of the simulation. On one hand, classical boundary conditions like PML (Perfectly Matched Layers) are unstable in TTI media. We have proposed a formulation of a stable ABC (Absorbing Boundary Condition) in anisotropic media. The technique is based on slowness curve properties, giving to our approach an original side. On the other hand, the initial parallelism, which is based on a domain decomposition and communications by message passing through the MPI library, leads to load-imbalance and so poor parallel efficiency. We have fixed this issue by replacing the paradigm for parallelism by the use of task-based programming through runtime system. This PhD thesis have been done in the framework of the research action DIP (Depth Imaging Partnership) between the Total oil company and Inria
Saouri, Fatima-Zahra. "Stabilisation de quelques systèmes élastiques : analyse spectrale et comportement asymptotique." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0279_SAOURI.pdf.
Full textHamitou, Okba. "Efficient preconditioning method for the CARP-CG iterative solver for the solution of the frequency-domain visco-elastic wave equation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM087/document.
Full textA robust and efficient wave modeling method is the cornerstone of high resolution seismic inversion methods such as the frequency-domain Full Waveform Inversion (Virieux, 2009). After discretization, frequency-domain wave modeling amounts to the solution of large (up to several billion of unknowns for realistic case studies), sparse, indefinite and ill-conditioned linear systems. Furthermore, seismic inversion methods require the solution of this problem for numerous sources (from several thousands up to tens of thousands). In the acoustic approximation, 3D real case studies can be handled efficiently using direct solvers. However because of their tremendous intrinsic memory requirements, they are not yet adapted to the solution of the 3D elastodynamics equations. Iterative solvers provide an alternative to direct solvers. However, they require a preconditioning strategy to ensure convergence for the frequency-domain wave equation. Besides, multiple right-hand sides linear systems are not treated as efficiently as direct solvers do.In this thesis, we are interested in the use of a robust iterative solver adapted to the solution of these systems called CARP-CG (Gordon, 2010). The CARP-CG method has shown robust convergence properties for 2D and 3D elastic problems in highly heterogeneous media compared to standard Krylov methods such as GMRES or Bi-CGSTAB which require the use of a preconditioner to ensure convergence (Li, 2015). Despite the good convergence properties of CARP-CG, the latter still requires a large number of iterations to reach sufficient accuracy. I introduce an efficient preconditioning strategy adapted to the CARP-CG method and the frequency-domain wave problem. This preconditioner is computed as a sparse approximate inverse of a strongly damped wave propagation operator. The computation of the preconditioner is performed in a massively parallel algorithm for distributed memory architectures.The efficiency of the preconditioner is evaluated on several case studies. First, applications are performed on realistic synthetic models in the 2D visco-acoustic approximation (up to $40$ Hz) and the 2D visco-elastic approximation (up to $20$ Hz). These studies show that the CARP-CG method together with the preconditioning strategy is robust and efficient. The number of iterations is significantly reduced (up to a factor $9$) enabling a speedup in the computation time by a factor up to $3.5$. Second, this method is investigated in the 3D elastic approximation on a realistic synthetic case study on the range of frequencies 1.25 to 7.5 Hz. Very encouraging results are obtained with a significant reduction in the number of iterations. A slow increase of the number of iterations with respect to the frequency is noted.This preconditioning strategy adapted to the CARP-CG method implies larger memory requirements. However, this extra memory cost remains one order lower compared to direct solver memory requirement, and should be affordable on standard HPC facilities. The main bottleneck preventing from the possible use of this iterative solver for 3D elastic FWI remains the computation time for the wave equation solves
Youssef, Wael. "Contrôle et stabilisation de systèmes élastiques couplés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2009. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2009/Wael.Youssef.SMZ0917.pdf.
Full textThis thesis consists of two main parts. In the fi#rst part, it treats the indirect internal observability and exact controllability of a weakly coupled hyperbolic system and of the Timoshenko system. The second part is devoted to the study of problems concerning the direct stabilization of the Bresse system by non-linear feedbacks using multiplier method and integral inequality techniques, and its indirect stabilization only by two locally distributed feedbacks at the neighborhood of the boundary using the frequency domain method. Is treated in this part also the indirect stabilization of the Timoshenko system subject to a single feedback locally distributed at the neighborhood of the boundary
Youssef, Wael. "Contrôle et stabilisation de systèmes élastiques couplés." Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ017S/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of two main parts. In the fi#rst part, it treats the indirect internal observability and exact controllability of a weakly coupled hyperbolic system and of the Timoshenko system. The second part is devoted to the study of problems concerning the direct stabilization of the Bresse system by non-linear feedbacks using multiplier method and integral inequality techniques, and its indirect stabilization only by two locally distributed feedbacks at the neighborhood of the boundary using the frequency domain method. Is treated in this part also the indirect stabilization of the Timoshenko system subject to a single feedback locally distributed at the neighborhood of the boundary
Faucher, Florian. "Contributions à l'imagerie sismique par inversion des formes d’onde pour les équations d'onde harmoniques : Estimation de stabilité, analyse de convergence, expériences numériques avec algorithmes d'optimisation à grande échelle." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3024/document.
Full textIn this project, we investigate the recovery of subsurface Earth parameters. Weconsider the seismic imaging as a large scale iterative minimization problem, anddeploy the Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) method, for which several aspects mustbe treated. The reconstruction is based on the wave equations because thecharacteristics of the measurements indicate the nature of the medium in whichthe waves propagate. First, the natural heterogeneity and anisotropy of the Earthrequire numerical methods that are adapted and efficient to solve the wavepropagation problem. In this study, we have decided to work with the harmonicformulation, i.e., in the frequency domain. Therefore, we detail the mathematicalequations involved and the numerical discretization used to solve the waveequations in large scale situations.The inverse problem is then established in order to frame the seismic imaging. Itis a nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem by nature, due to the limitedavailable data, and the complexity of the subsurface characterization. However,we obtain a conditional Lipschitz-type stability in the case of piecewise constantmodel representation. We derive the lower and upper bound for the underlyingstability constant, which allows us to quantify the stability with frequency andscale. It is of great use for the underlying optimization algorithm involved to solvethe seismic problem. We review the foundations of iterative optimizationtechniques and provide the different methods that we have used in this project.The Newton method, due to the numerical cost of inverting the Hessian, may notalways be accessible. We propose some comparisons to identify the benefits ofusing the Hessian, in order to study what would be an appropriate procedureregarding the accuracy and time. We study the convergence of the iterativeminimization method, depending on different aspects such as the geometry ofthe subsurface, the frequency, and the parametrization. In particular, we quantifythe frequency progression, from the point of view of optimization, by showinghow the size of the basin of attraction evolves with frequency. Following the convergence and stability analysis of the problem, the iterativeminimization algorithm is conducted via a multi-level scheme where frequencyand scale progress simultaneously. We perform a collection of experiments,including acoustic and elastic media, in two and three dimensions. Theperspectives of attenuation and anisotropic reconstructions are also introduced.Finally, we study the case of Cauchy data, motivated by the dual sensors devicesthat are developed in the geophysical industry. We derive a novel cost function,which arises from the stability analysis of the problem. It allows elegantperspectives where no prior information on the acquisition set is required
Caforio, Federica. "Mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of elastic wave propagation in soft tissues with application to cardiac elastography." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX001/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis concerns the mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of impulsive Acoustic Radiation Force (ARF)-driven Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) imaging in a prestressed soft tissue, with a specific reference to the cardiac setting. The first part of the manuscript deals with the mathematical modelling of the ARF, the resulting shear wave propagation, and the characterisation of the shear wave velocity in a general constitutive law for the myocardial tissue. We also show some applications to the extraction of fibre orientation in the myocardium and the detection of “synthetic pathologies”. One of the main contributions of this work is the derivation of an original mathematical model of the ARF. In more detail, starting from an accurate biomechanical model of the heart, and based on asymptotic analysis, we infer the governing equation of the pressure and the shear wave field remotely induced by the ARF, and we compute an analytical expression of the source term responsible for the generation of shear waves from an acoustic pressure pulse. In the second part of the PhD thesis, we propose efficient numerical tools for a realistic numerical simulation of an SWE experiment in a nearly-incompressible, pre-stressed, fibered soft tissue. The spatial discretisation is based on high-order Spectral Finite Elements (HO-SEM). Concerning the time discretisation, we propose a novel method adapted to incompressible elasticity. In particular, only the terms travelling at infinite velocity, associated with the incompressibility constraint, are treated implicitly by solving a scalar Poisson problem at each time step of the algorithm. Furthermore, we provide a novel matrix-free, high-order, fast method to solve the Poisson problem, based on the use of the Discrete Fourier Transform
Fritsch, Jean-François. "Propagation des ondes dans les guides partiellement enfouis : résolution du problème direct et imagerie par méthode de type échantillonnage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAE001.
Full textThis work is about the non destructive testing of partially buried or immersed slendered structures such as a steel cable partially buried in concrete or a steel plate partially immersed in liquid sodium. Such structures can be seen as the junction of two closed waveguides. In order to perform computing, the open part of the structure is truncated in the transverse direction with PMLs. As a result, a partially buried waveguide can be treated as the junction of two closed waveguides, in one of which the propagation of waves is governed by an equation involving complex coefficients due to the presence of the PMLs. This observation has lead us to tackle first the simpler case of the junction of two closed acoustic waveguides. For this simple case, we have proposed a strategy to solve the inverse problems based on the one hand on the introduction of the so-called reference fields, which are the total field response of the structure without defects to an incident field coming frome both half-guides, and on the other hand on the use of the reciprocity of the Green function of the structure without defect. Following this strategy, we have obtained an efficient modal formulation of the LSM which has enabled us to retrieve defects. In this simple case, we have taken advantage of the completeness of the modes to analyze the forward and inverse problems. The loss of the completeness of the modes in the half-guide truncated in the transverse direction with PMLs has led us to study the forward problem with Kondratiev theory. The tools introduced for the junction of two closed waveguides have been adapted to solve the inverse problem. Finally, we have tackled the more complex, but more realsitic case of an elastic waveguide partially immersed in a fluid. For this difficult case, we have developped adapted computing tools adapted and extended the tools introduced before solving the inverse problem