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Journal articles on the topic 'Equality of opportunity'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Ooghe, Erwin, Erik Schokkaert, and Dirk Van de gaer. "Equality of Opportunity versus Equality of Opportunity Sets." Social Choice and Welfare 28, no. 2 (May 31, 2006): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-006-0165-4.

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2

Bennett, Kim. "Equality and opportunity." Nursing Standard 4, no. 31 (April 25, 1990): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.4.31.59.s51.

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3

Barrett, Richard. "Equality of Opportunity." Economic Journal 112, no. 480 (June 1, 2002): F383—F384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.t01-15-00050.

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4

Kampe, Cornelius. "Equality of Opportunity." Social Philosophy Today 1 (1988): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday1988130.

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5

Young, Robert. "EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 70, no. 3 (September 1989): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0114.1989.tb00382.x.

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6

Sreenivasan, Gopal. "Equality, opportunity, ambiguity." Politics, Philosophy & Economics 13, no. 1 (July 22, 2013): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x13496071.

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7

Richards, Janet Radcliffe. "Equality of Opportunity." Ratio 10, no. 3 (December 1997): 253–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9329.00044.

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8

Hild, Matthias, and Alex Voorhoeve. "EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY AND OPPORTUNITY DOMINANCE." Economics and Philosophy 20, no. 1 (April 2004): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267104001282.

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All conceptions of equal opportunity draw on some distinction between morally justified and unjustified inequalities. We discuss how this distinction varies across a range of philosophical positions. We find that these positions often advance equality of opportunity in tandem with distributive principles based on merit, desert, consequentialist criteria or individuals' responsibility for outcomes. The result of this amalgam of principles is a festering controversy that unnecessarily diminishes the widespread acceptability of opportunity concerns. We therefore propose to restore the conceptual separation of opportunity principles concerning unjustified inequalities from distributive principles concerning justifiable inequalities. On this view, equal opportunity implies that that morally irrelevant factors should engender no differences in individuals' attainment, while remaining silent on inequalities due to morally relevant factors. We examine this idea by introducing the principle of ‘opportunity dominance' and explore in a simple application to what extent this principle may help us arbitrate between opposing distributive principles. We also compare this principle to the selection rules developed by John Roemer and Dirk Van de Gaer.

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9

Kodelja, Zdenko. "Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Outcome." Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.85.

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The report on the findings of extensive empirical research on equality of educational opportunities carried out in the US on a very large sample of public schools by Coleman and his colleagues has had a major impact on education policy and has given rise to a large amount of research and various interpretations. However, as some interpreters have highlighted,even more important than the findings of the survey themselves has been Coleman’s redefinition of equality of opportunity, abandoning the then prevailing conception of equality of educational opportunities as equality of starting points and replacing it with the concept of equality of educational opportunities as equality of educational outcomes. The question is, therefore, whether equality of outcomes really is one of the two types of equality of opportunity. The purpose of the present article is to show that equality of opportunity and equality of outcomes are two different types of equality. If they are different, the interpretation that Coleman has redefined the concept of “equality of educational opportunity” turns out to be incorrect.

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10

Roemer, John E. "Defending Equality of Opportunity." Monist 86, no. 2 (2003): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/monist200386210.

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11

Alexander, Larry A. "Fair Equality of Opportunity." Philosophy Research Archives 11 (1985): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pra19851111.

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12

Roemer, John E., and Burak Ünveren. "Dynamic Equality of Opportunity." Economica 84, no. 334 (June 1, 2016): 322–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12197.

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13

Miguel, Luis Felipe. "From Equality to Opportunity." Latin American Perspectives 33, no. 4 (July 2006): 122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x06290191.

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14

Calsamiglia, Caterina. "DECENTRALIZING EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY." International Economic Review 50, no. 1 (February 2009): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2008.00530.x.

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15

cruft, rowan. "AGAINST EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY." Philosophical Books 46, no. 1 (January 2005): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0149.2005.0357a.x.

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16

Kollar, Eszter, and Michele Loi. "Prenatal Equality of Opportunity." Journal of Applied Philosophy 32, no. 1 (April 22, 2014): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/japp.12067.

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17

Moellendorf, Darrel. "Equality of Opportunity Globalized?" Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 19, no. 02 (July 2006): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900004124.

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The principle of global equality of opportunity is an important part of the commitment to global egalitarianism. In this paper I discuss how a principle of global equality of opportunity follows from a commitment to equal respect for the autonomy of all persons, and defend the principle against some of the criticism that it has received. The particular criticisms that I address contend that a moral view based upon dignity and respect cannot take properties of persons-such as their citizenship-as morally arbitrary, that any justification of what counts as equal opportunity sets must be based upon national cultural understandings, that a positive account of equality of opportunity cannot adequately handle the fact of value pluralism across the globe, and that the principle of equality of opportunity is incompatible with national self-determination. In the course of defending the principle of equality of opportunity from these criticisms, I make revisions to my previously published defense of the principle.

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18

Gross, Barry R. "Real Equality of Opportunity." Social Philosophy and Policy 5, no. 1 (1987): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505250000128x.

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We are often told that we are morally obligated to produce equal opportunity for all. Therefore, it seems we should examine what power we have to produce that desirable state. For it would be nonsense to say we are required to provide what is beyond our power to provide. When we examine this question, we find our power limited by two sets of constraints. One set comprises formal constraints upon the idea itself of equal opportunity. We cannot do the logically impossible. The other set comprises limits upon our ability to produce the directed socio-economic change, getting known outputs for known inputs. I illustrate the formal constraints by outlining the work of Douglas Rae. The constraints upon our abilities I illustrate with evidence from sociology and politics. At the end, we shall discover that our power to make opportunities equal is sharply though not unbearably limited. A critical but unbaised survey will reveal that in the past fifty years we have gone remarkably far towards doing all that we are presently capable of doing to equalize opportunities. Perhaps we shall go even farther when we learn how.The word ‘real’ in the title is opposed to ‘ideal’ or even ‘chimerical'. It may seem an interesting question what equality of opportunity should consist in were we able to produce directed socio-economic change at will. But we are not. Therefore, a more interesting and more important question is what equality of opportunity consists in given the very large number of constraints within which we must work to achieve it.

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19

Hallinan, M. T. "Equality of Educational Opportunity." Annual Review of Sociology 14, no. 1 (August 1988): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.14.080188.001341.

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20

Johnsen, Susan K. "Equality of Educational Opportunity." Gifted Child Today 40, no. 1 (January 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076217516676390.

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21

Knowles, Dudley. "Against Equality of Opportunity." Contemporary Political Theory 2, no. 1 (March 2003): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.cpt.9300060.

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22

Gummer, Burton. "Equality of Opportunity 1980s Style:." Administration in Social Work 12, no. 1 (July 14, 1988): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j147v12n01_08.

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23

McNutt, Marcia. "Science and equality of opportunity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 28 (June 24, 2020): 16090–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011794117.

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24

Westcott1, Emma. "Equality of opportunity and inclusion." Journal of Education for Teaching 31, no. 4 (November 2005): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02607470500280068.

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25

Rodríguez, Juan Gabriel. "Partial equality-of-opportunity orderings." Social Choice and Welfare 31, no. 3 (January 8, 2008): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-007-0290-8.

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26

Kamm, Frances M. "Health and Equality of Opportunity." American Journal of Bioethics 1, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152651601300168843.

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27

Sypnowich, Christine. "What’s Wrong with Equality of Opportunity." Philosophical Topics 48, no. 2 (2020): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics202048221.

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How do we know if people are equal? Contemporary philosophers consider a number of issues when determining if the goals of egalitarian distributive justice have been achieved: defining the metric of equality; determining whether the goal is equality, or simply priority or sufficiency; establishing whether there should be conditions, e.g. bad brute luck, for the amelioration of inequality. In all this, most egalitarians contend that what is to be equalized is not people’s actual shares of the good in question, but rather, the opportunities to have such shares. I counter this view with an ‘egalitarian flourishing’ approach that, in seeking to make people equal in actual well-being, takes exception to the role of opportunity in contemporary argument. The flourishing view means a focus on outcomes, on how people live, in order to enable people to live equally flourishing lives. I argue that if we consider the complex dynamics of choice and circumstance, the role of nonmaterial considerations and the ideal of an egalitarian community, equality of opportunity proves to be an inadequate approach to the realization of the egalitarian ideal.

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28

Feeney, Oliver. "Equality of whom? a genetic perspective on equality (of opportunity)." Res Publica 12, no. 4 (December 6, 2006): 357–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11158-006-9017-4.

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29

Persad, Govind. "EQUALITY VIA MOBILITY: WHY SOCIOECONOMIC MOBILITY MATTERS FOR RELATIONAL EQUALITY, DISTRIBUTIVE EQUALITY, AND EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY." Social Philosophy and Policy 31, no. 2 (2015): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052514000302.

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30

HAMADA, Hiroshi, and Atsushi ISHIDA. "Unequal Society and Equality of Opportunity." Japanese Sociological Review 54, no. 3 (2003): 232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4057/jsr.54.232.

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31

Trannoy, Alain. "Equality of Opportunity: A progress report." Revue d'économie politique 126, no. 5 (2016): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/redp.265.0621.

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32

Green, S. J. D. "Competitive Equality of Opportunity: A Defense." Ethics 100, no. 1 (October 1989): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/293142.

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33

Lee, Sang Yoon (Tim), and Ananth Seshadri. "Economic Policy and Equality of Opportunity." Economic Journal 128, no. 612 (January 17, 2018): F114—F151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12480.

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34

Nunes, Rui. "Fair Equality of Opportunity in Healthcare." Conatus 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/conatus.19383.

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The allocation of resources for health, as well as the distribution of other social goods, being a political problem, can also be observed as belonging to the universe of distributive justice, considering that all citizens must have the necessary means for an acceptable physical, psychological and social performance. Individual autonomy, paradigm of a full citizenship in a modern society, cannot otherwise be achieved. Human dignity seems to imply that no citizen can be excluded from the basic health system due to the lack of financial resources. Indeed, equal access of all citizens to basic social goods and therefore to key places in society – principle of fair equality of opportunities – is one of the core aspects of Rawls's difference principle. It is, in essence, about ensuring the exercise of the right to individual self-determination in the relationship between the individual and society, as well as the right to play a social role according to skills and merit. But, it is not only the theory of the social contract that provides for a fair equality of opportunities. Different perspectives of justice contemplate this ideal. As suggested by Tristram Engelhardt Jr individual autonomy must be interpreted as a value in itself and a determining factor for the exercise of a full citizenship. But, justice is an ideal that must be progressively built. Whether in a specific society or on a global scale. And, the great challenge of humanity is precisely to recognize the existing intercultural differences and propose sufficiently flexible ideological systems that can be applied in different countries with very different levels of social and economic development. Without detracting from the ethical principles that should underpin the construction of the 21st century global society.

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35

Taylor, Hazel. "The Redefinition of Equality of Opportunity." Educational Management & Administration 15, no. 1 (January 1987): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174114328701500103.

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36

Shavit, Y., and K. Westerbeek. "Reforms, Expansion, and Equality of Opportunity." European Sociological Review 14, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a018226.

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37

Ezra, Ovadia. "Equality of Opportunity and Affirmative Action." Philosophy in the Contemporary World 14, no. 1 (2007): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw200714116.

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38

Roemer, John E., and Alain Trannoy. "Equality of Opportunity: Theory and Measurement." Journal of Economic Literature 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 1288–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151206.

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During the last third of the twentieth century, political philosophers actively debated about the content of distributive justice; the ruling ethical view of utilitarianism was challenged by various versions of equality of opportunities. Economists formulated several ways of modeling these ideas, focusing upon how individuals are placed with respect to opportunities for achieving various outcomes, and what compensation is due to individuals with truncated opportunities. After presenting a review of the main philosophical ideas (section 2), we turn to economic models (sections 3 and 4). We propose a reformulation of the definition of economic development, replacing the utilitarian measure of GDP per capita with a measure of the degree to which opportunities for income acquisition in a nation have been equalized. Finally, we discuss issues that the econometrician faces in measuring inequality of opportunity, briefly review the empirical literature (section 6), and conclude (section 7). (JEL C43, D63, D70, I24)

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39

Thorlindsson, Thorolfur. "Equality and Educational Opportunity in Iceland." Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 32, no. 1 (March 1988): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031383880320102.

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40

Feinberg, Walter, and Benjamin Horowitz. "Vocational education and equality of opportunity." Journal of Curriculum Studies 22, no. 2 (January 1990): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022027900220209.

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41

Schütz, Gabriela, Heinrich W. Ursprung, and Ludger Wößmann. "Education Policy and Equality of Opportunity." Kyklos 61, no. 2 (May 2008): 279–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2008.00402.x.

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42

Loi, M., L. Del Savio, and E. Stupka. "Social Epigenetics and Equality of Opportunity." Public Health Ethics 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 142–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/pht019.

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43

Loi, M., L. D. Savio, and E. Stupka. "Social Epigenetics and Equality of Opportunity." Public Health Ethics 6, no. 3 (November 1, 2013): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/pht024.

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44

RANKEN, NANI L. "Compensation vs. Fair Equality of Opportunity." Journal of Applied Philosophy 3, no. 1 (March 1986): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5930.1986.tb00053.x.

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45

Sreenivasan, Gopal. "Health Care and Equality of Opportunity." Hastings Center Report 37, no. 2 (2007): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcr.2007.0033.

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46

Torche, Florencia. "Intergenerational Mobility and Equality of Opportunity." European Journal of Sociology 56, no. 3 (December 2015): 343–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975615000181.

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AbstractIntergenerational mobility—the association between parents’ and adult children’s economic wellbeing—is an important sociological concept because it provides information about inequality of opportunity in society, and it has gained relevance in the recent past due to the increase economic inequality in most of the affluent world. This article provides an overview of the different measures of mobility used by sociologists and economists, as well as main empirical findings about mobility. I then move to topics that push mobility analysis beyond its bivariate focus: The association between intergenerational mobility and economic inequality, the mechanisms for mobility, and the validity of mobility as a measure of inequality of opportunity. I suggest that the association between mobility and inequality is likely spurious, driven by varying institutional arrangements across countries, and that mobility analysis is most useful when focused on describing the bivariate intergenerational association across countries and over time.

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47

Albertsen, Andreas. "Shlomi Segall (2013), Equality and opportunity." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 19, no. 5 (March 30, 2016): 1345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-016-9720-y.

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48

Athanasiou, Efthymios. "Endogenous productivity and equality of opportunity." Social Choice and Welfare 39, no. 1 (April 6, 2011): 59–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-011-0545-2.

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49

Roemer, John E. "Equality of opportunity: A progress report." Social Choice and Welfare 19, no. 2 (April 2002): 455–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003550100123.

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50

Mason, Andrew. "Equality of Opportunity, Old and New." Ethics 111, no. 4 (July 2001): 760–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/233572.

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